EP0307266B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Betätigung von Spezialausrüstungen für Eingriffe in einem Gebohrten Schacht mit mindestens einem stark geneigten Abschnitt in Bezug auf die Vertikale - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Betätigung von Spezialausrüstungen für Eingriffe in einem Gebohrten Schacht mit mindestens einem stark geneigten Abschnitt in Bezug auf die Vertikale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0307266B1
EP0307266B1 EP88402074A EP88402074A EP0307266B1 EP 0307266 B1 EP0307266 B1 EP 0307266B1 EP 88402074 A EP88402074 A EP 88402074A EP 88402074 A EP88402074 A EP 88402074A EP 0307266 B1 EP0307266 B1 EP 0307266B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
equipment
tubular
production
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88402074A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0307266A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Lessi
Michel Tholance
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Publication of EP0307266A1 publication Critical patent/EP0307266A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/08—Introducing or running tools by fluid pressure, e.g. through-the-flow-line tool systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for operating specialized intervention equipment in a wellbore having at least one section which is strongly inclined relative to the vertical, or even horizontal.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an assembly and an operating method which do not have the drawbacks mentioned above and which in particular make it possible to selectively control a large number of specialized intervention equipment, such as valves, putting in communication with casing of the parts of the ground substantially hydraulically insulated, at least at the level of the well.
  • specialized intervention equipment such as valves
  • the present invention also applies to a device for operating specialized equipment for intervention in a drilled well having at least one zone strongly deviated from the vertical, said drilled well comprising at least one first tubular conduit along which are installed. remotely said equipment, a control member being introduced into said first tubular conduit and connected on the surface by a cable to one of these ends, said device further comprising downward hydraulic pumping means capable of moving said member in said tubular conduit, means for running the cable through the tubular conduit, means for pulling the cable from the surface, characterized in that said control member is equipped on its circumference with at least one key bolt capable of engaging selectively in a maneuvering seat of specialized equipment, said engagement being effected during u passage of the member vertically downhill or uphill and in that said device comprises means for driving said equipment by said member when the engagement is effected, and means for releasing said key bolt once the maneuver has been carried out.
  • said first conduit being a tubular control column and the specialized equipment being valves for the production of fluid of geological formations traversed by the well
  • the device further comprises a second conduit constituting a production column connected to its lower end with the lower end of said tubular control column.
  • the device advantageously comprises a pump arranged in the production column.
  • the present invention also relates to a fluid production installation from a geological formation traversed by a drilled well comprising a device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the well is divided into several production zones separated and isolated from each other by packer type sealing means, at least one valve being arranged at a production area.
  • Figure 1 a well 1 having on its lower part a part strongly inclined to the vertical, ending in a horizontal part.
  • This well has on its internal wall a casing 2 produced in the form of tubular elements. These elements with which the internal wall of the borehole is coated to maintain it, are fixed by cementing joints 6.
  • the well 1, which passes through geological formations for which it is desired to produce fluids, has different production zones 30, 31, 32, 33. Each of the production zones 30, 31, 32 communicates with zones internal to the casing 2 respectively by orifices 13, 15, 17.
  • the production zones are isolated from each other by annular seals 7, 8 , 9 of the packer type. Thus the fluid found in the laterally isolated formation between two seals is directed into the casing through the orifices 13, 15, 17.
  • a conduit such as a production column 4 is disposed in the casing.
  • the casing is fitted with another conduit constituting a tubular control column 3.
  • packers 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a are held parallel to one another by double packers 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a. These packers also constitute sealing means between the casing 2 and the columns 3 and 4 so that, in the casing, the fluid introduced through the orifices 13, 15, 17 achieves a volume delimited by two sections corresponding to packers at different levels.
  • the packers inside the casing 7a, 8a, 9a are at the same level in the well as the seals 7, 8, 9, the volumes delimited in the casing coinciding with the production zones 30, 31, 32.
  • the production column 4 is connected to the tubular control column 3 by a connecting element 12 such as a tube located at the lower end of the two conduits.
  • This production column comprises, arranged at the required altitude, a circulation pump 19 which sucks the fluid from the formations and discharges it to the ground surface through the mouth 20.
  • the position of the pump 19 in the well may be located substantially below the dynamic level of production training. According to the invention the direction of circulation of the pump fluid can only be unique and ascending.
  • the production area chosen to be used is placed in communication by the casing orifices with the volume of fluid around the two columns 3 and 4, delimited by two successive packers.
  • This volume of fluid flows into the tubular control column 3 through circulation valves 14, 16, 18, such as valves with sliding sleeves.
  • valves 14, 16, 18 are normally fitted with non-return valves preventing the circulation of fluid from the conduit to the formations, but these valves may very well be eliminated, when, for example, we want to proceed with the fracturing of 'a zone.
  • the lower end of the tubular control column 3 comprises a valve 10, and the lower end of the production column 4, a valve 11 each controllable remotely, such as sliding jacket valves similar to valves 14, 16, 18
  • a valve 11 each controllable remotely, such as sliding jacket valves similar to valves 14, 16, 18
  • the valves 10, 14, 16, 18 are selectively controlled to open and close from the ground surface by a member 21 lowered by hydraulic pumping produced with a pumping station 29 connected to the tubular control column 3 by a pipe 28.
  • the control member 21 is connected, during the descent, to a cable 22 passing through a cable gland 23, so that the descent of the member 21 is carried out according to a technique analogous to that of pumped tools, commonly called TFL technique (from the Anglo-Saxon "Through Flow Line").
  • the cable 22 After passing through the cable gland 23, the cable 22 is taken up by two deflection pulleys which direct it towards a winch 26 controlled by the station 27.
  • the member 21 by its displacement by pumping and by cable, controls the opening or closing of the circulation valves 10, 14, 16, 18, in a rapid manner which does not require large operations, such as for example the moving the pump 19.
  • valve opening and closing control retains all its advantages in the case where the control is carried out on other specialized intervention tools including it is necessary to establish a transition from an active state to a passive state and vice versa.
  • control member 21 The implementation of the control member 21 is carried out as follows: Is introduced through the surface opening of the tubular control column 3, the control member 21 connected at one end to the cable 22. Then a cable gland 23 is placed around the cable 22 at the upper end of the tubular control column 3.
  • control column 3 being connected by the pumping pipe 28 to the station 29, the pumping fluid is injected so as to move the control member 21 to its working position, the cable unwinding at the as the control organ advances.
  • valve 14 is opened and the valves 16, 17, 10 closed. .
  • the fluid in zone 30 flows into the casing 2 through the orifices 13 and fills the volume between the packers 6A and 7A.
  • the opening of the valve 14 by the member 21 allows the introduction of the fluid into the tubular column 4, its descent to the end then the ascent to the surface thanks to the action of the pump 19.
  • the member 21 will close the valve 14 and will open the next valve 16 to produce the next zone 31.
  • the circulation valves 14, 16, 18, 10 or any other apparatus, such as measuring devices, tools or instruments, are operated by the member 21 by prolonged pumping downhill and by pulling on the cable 22 upward .
  • the member 21 having operated its maneuver, in opening or closing it is raised to the surface by actuating the winch 22 which produces an upward traction.
  • the member could also be temporarily placed at the bottom of the first control conduit 3 beyond the branch with the production conduit 4.
  • the devices can be operated during the descent of the control member 21 to the bottom of the well and / or during its ascent from the bottom of the well.
  • the organ and the device will include the necessary combined key parts.
  • the cable 22 may include electrical conductors suitable for transmitting information or for controlling the member 21, in particular controlling its cooperation with the device to be operated.
  • FIGS. 2, 2a, 3, 4 show the control member 21 cooperating with the valve 16 with a sliding jacket to produce the stop of production of the second production zone 31.
  • the control member 21 comprises a body 35 which does not allow production fluid to pass through it when no pulling is carried out on the cable 22.
  • the external tightness of the member 21 with the interior of the column tubular control 3 is formed by a seal 36.
  • the body 35 further comprises a hooking part making a key pin 37, having a transverse groove. These key bolts 37 are placed in position in the body 35 at the notches 56 distributed circumferentially around the member. In the embodiment shown in section in FIG. 3, the member 35 is provided with 3 notches in each of which is engaged a pin bolt 37.
  • the valve 16 by itself comprises a body 42 integral with the control column in which slides a tubular jacket 39.
  • This jacket 39 is machined so as to present internally a first seat in the form of a rib 38 of shape associated symmetrical with the key pin groove 37.
  • control member 21 is equipped with a key bolt 37 which cooperates with the first seat 38 for closing the valve.
  • the jacket 39 of the valve 16 has a second seat 40 which associates with the shape of a key bolt for the opening of the valve 16.
  • a series of holes 41 drilled in the jacket 39 allow, depending on the position of the jacket 39, the passage of fluid inside the tubular control column.
  • the bolt key 37 has no action on the seat 40 since the shapes are not complementary, it is therefore necessary to change the surface of the key bolts to install a shape complementary to the seat 40.
  • the jacket 39 is made to slide, relative to the body 42, between two extreme positions.
  • Each extreme position is defined by the introduction of an elastic lug circumferentially around the jacket in a groove made in the body of the valve. These two extreme positions are clearly visible in FIG. 2.
  • the open position coincides with a stop of the jacket 39 at the front of the valve (that is to say at the level of the packer 8a), the position of closure with a stopper at the back.
  • the elastic lug 43 is not not made up entirely circumferentially.
  • Slits 60 are made longitudinally in the axis of the jacket so as to allow easy release of the pins from the bottom of the groove thanks to their elasticity.
  • the series of holes 45 located in the valve body 42 may or may not be opposite the series of holes 41 located in the jacket 39.
  • the seal between the jacket 39 and the valve body 42 is provided by the seals 46.
  • the orifices 45 open into a non-return valve 47 (FIG. 2A) which prevents the injection of the pumping fluid into the producing layers, while allowing the production of fluid from these same layers.
  • connection of the cable 22 to the control member 21 has a weak point in tension, the resistance of which is substantially less than the elastic limit in tension of the cable 21, but clearly greater than the shear stress of a pin 52, so to allow the withdrawal of the cable 22, in the event of jamming of the member 21 and authorize the recovery of the latter.
  • the control member 21 has a nose 48 allowing the possible recovery of the member. It also includes means for circulating fluid through the member when a certain traction threshold is exerted on the cable.
  • These means comprise a shutter 49 cooperating with a seat 50 in the closed position and sliding on guides 51 when the pin 52 immobilizing the shutter 49 has sheared under the action of the predetermined tensile force exerted by the cable 22 on the member 21.
  • the stroke of the shutter in the open position is limited by a stop 53.
  • control member If it is desired to close the valve 16, the control member is first of all fitted on the surface with the key bolts 37 associated with the valve closing seat corresponding to the rib 38. We then descend, by hydraulic pumping, the control member 21 until the key pin 37 engages with the seat 38, then the circulation of pumping fluid is stopped and traction is exerted on the cable 22, so as to move the jacket 39 and therefore close the valve 16.
  • the release between the key bolt 37 and the seat 38 forming the rib takes place, for example, at the end of traction on the cable 22, by the cooperation of a chamfer 54 of the valve 16 with a bevel 55 of the bolt 37
  • the deletion of the bolt 37 in the notch 56 of the body 35 occurs by the bursting of a return spring 57 located under the bolt key.
  • the ascent of the member 21 to the surface of the ground is then carried out by prolonged traction on the cable 22.
  • the member 21 is equipped on the surface with a key bolt whose shape is complementary to that of the seat 40, it is lowered by hydraulic pumping the member until the key bolt and the seat 40 cooperate together, the pumping is extended to advance the jacket until opening valve 16.
  • the ascent of the member to the surface of the ground is carried out in the same manner as previously, by pulling on the cable 22, the biased surfaces of the key bolt and of the sleeve allowing disengagement of said bolt without displacement of the sleeve.
  • the pump 19 is put into operation so that the fluids of the selected formations can penetrate the tubular column, go to the connecting element 12, and go back up through the production column 4, passing through the pump 19, towards the mouth 20.
  • the tubular control column 3 can also be equipped with a pump capable of replacing the pump 19 of the production column 4.
  • the pump 19 may be a centrifugal pump or a rod pump, adapted to cooperate with the production column 4 for its installation and its use.
  • the control member 21 may include articulations, so that it can circulate within small radius of curvature.
  • the member may include sealing elements 36 located on either side of the bolt 37 and include tools such as a threshing slide.
  • paraffin scraping can be carried out, with simultaneous pumping of solvent if necessary, installation and recovery of production tools (plug, non-return valve, safety valve, so-called “gas valve” lift ", instruments, such as jet pumps), washing of the sand deposited at the level of the producing zones, recording of the bottom pressure, injection of treatment product, instrumentation on stuck trains of rods. ..
  • the control member may also include an internal by-pass regulator which allows the passage of fluid through it in the direction from the upper part of the member to the lower part of the member.
  • the regulation makes it possible either to continue to circulate in the first casing during the jamming of the member during the journey, or to distribute the force produced by the pressure over several sealing elements 36.
  • the control member may include an extension making it possible to operate devices, such as the valve 10, beyond the hydraulic connection element 12.
  • the devices ordered may be measuring instruments.
  • the space between the casing 2 and the casing 3, in particular that located above the sealing element 6a, can be used to constitute the return duct in place of the duct 4.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zum Betätigen von Spezialausrüstungen (10, 14, 16, 18) für Eingriffe in eine Bohrloch (1), wobei das Bohrloch wenigstens eine röhrenförmige Leitung (3) umfaßt, längs der unter Abstand diese Ausrüstungen installiert sind, die folgenden Stufen umfassend:
- man führt in diese röhrenförmige Leitung (3) ein Steuerorgan (21) ein,
- man befestigt an einem Ende dieses Organs ein Kabel (23),
- man senkt dieses Steuerorgan (21) in diese röhrenförmige Leitung (3) durch absteigendes hydraulisches Pumpen ab,
- man sichert den Durchlauf des Kabels in der röhrenförmigen Leitung von der Oberfläche aus,
- man hebt das Steuerorgan (21) durch Zug am Kabel von der Oberfläche aus an,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
- man an der Erdoberfläche dieses Steuerorgan auf seinem Umfang mit wenigstens einem Schlüsselriegel (37) ausrüstet, wobei der Schlüsselriegel so ausgelegt ist, daß er mit einem Betätigungssitz (38, 40) einer dieser Spezielausrüstungen von einer komplementären diesem Schlüsselriegel zugeordneten Form zusammenwirkt,
- man dieses Steuerorgan in dieser ersten Leitung bewegt, damit es senkrecht unter eine gewählte Ausrüstungseinrichtung kommt,
- man für das Auslösen dieses Schlüsselriegels mit dem zugeordneten Sitz dieser Ausrüstung beim Niederlassen oder Wiederanheben sorgt,
- man diese Ausrüstung betätigt, indem man die Bewegung bzw. Verschiebung dieses Organs durch hydraulisches Pumpen oder durch Zug an dem an diesem Organ befestigten Kabel (22) verlängert,
- man, wenn das Manöver einmal ausgeführt ist, für das Lösen dieses Schlüsselriegels aus dem Sitz durch Zug am Kabel (22) sorgt,
- man das Steuerorgan an die Oberfläche hebt und
- man dieses Verfahren anwendet auf ein Bohrloch mit wenigstens einer stark gegenüber der Vertikalen ausgelenkten Zone.
2. Verfahren zum Betätigen von Spezialausrüstungen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese erste Leitung eine röhrenförmige Steuerkolonne (3) ist und die Sonderausrüstungseinrichtungen Produktionsschieber (10, 14, 16, 18) für Fluid aus vom Bohrloch durchsetzten geologischen Formationen sind,
- man diese Schieber durch das Öffnen oder das Schließen dieses Steuerorgans (21) betätigt,
- man für das Strömen des Fluids in dieser Steuerkolonne (3) und die Lieferung dieses Fluids an die Oberfläche in einer zweiten eine Produktionskolonne (4) bildenden Leitung sorgt, die an ihrem unteren Ende mit dem unteren Ende dieser röhrenförmigen Steuerkolonne verbunden ist.
3. Vorrichtung zum Betätigen von Spezialausrüstungen (10, 14, 16, 18) zum Eingriff in ein Bohrloch, wobei das Bohrloch wenigstens eine röhrenförmige Leitung (3) umfaßt, längs deren unter Abstand diese Ausrüstungen (10, 14, 16, 18) installiert sind, wobei ein Steuerorgan (21) in diese erste röhrenförmige Leitung (3) eingeführt und mit der Oberfläche über ein an einem seiner Enden befestigtes Kabel (22) verbunden ist, wobei die Vorrichtung im übrigen Mittel zum absteigenden Pumpen (29) umfaßt, die so ausgelegt sind, daß sie dieses Organ (21) in dieser röhrenförmigen Leitung (3) verschiebt, mit Mitteln zum Durchlaufenlassen des Kabels (22) in der röhrenförmigen Leitung, Mitteln (26, 27) zum Zug am Kabel ausgehend von der Oberfläche, dadurch gekenngzeichnet, daß das Steuerorgan an einem Umfang mit wenigstens einem Kammriegel ausgestattet ist, der so ausgelegt ist, daß er selektiv in einen Betätigungssitz (38) einer Spezialausrüstung einrastet, wobei dieses Einrasten beim Durchlauf des Organs unter dieser Ausrüstung beim Absenken oder Anheben vorgenommen wird, daß diese Vorrichtung Mittel zum Antrieb dieser Ausrüstung durch dieses Organ umfaßt, wenn das Auslösen vorgenommen wird, sowie Mittel (54, 55) zur Freigabe des Verriegelungskamms, sobald einmal das Manöver ausgeführt ist, wobei das Bohrloch wenigstens eine stark gegenüber der Vertikalen ausgelenkte Zone hat.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese erste Leitung eine röhrenförmige Steuerkolonne (3) ist und daß die Sonderausrüstungen Produktionsschieber (10, 14, 16, 18) für Fluid aus geologischen Formationen sind, welche von dem Bohrloch durchsetzt sind, wobei die Vorrichtung im übrigen eine zweite eine Produktionskolonne (4) bildende Leitung umfaßt, die an ihrem unteren Ende mit dem unteren Ende dieser röhrenförmigen Steuerkolonne verbunden ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine in der Produktionskolonne angeordnete Pumpe (19) umfaßt.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Steuerorgan (21) Mittel zur Zirkulation von Fluid durch dieses Organ jenseits eines gewissen auf das Kabel (22) ausgeübten Zugschwellenwerts umfaßt, wobei die Fluidzirkulation durch das Organ (21) vom oberen Teil des mit dem Kabel verbundenen Organs gegen den unteren Teil des Organs erfolgt.
7. Installation zur Produktion von Fluid, ausgehend von einer durch ein Bohrloch durchsetzten geologischen Formation mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bohrloch in mehrere Produktionszonen (30, 31, 32, 33) unterteilt ist, die von einander durch Dichtungsmittel vom Typ Packer (7, 8, 9) oder Dichtungsstück getrennt und isoliert sind, wobei wenigstens ein Schieber in Höhe einer Produktionszone angeordnet ist.
EP88402074A 1987-08-19 1988-08-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Betätigung von Spezialausrüstungen für Eingriffe in einem Gebohrten Schacht mit mindestens einem stark geneigten Abschnitt in Bezug auf die Vertikale Expired - Lifetime EP0307266B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8711749A FR2621646B1 (fr) 1987-08-19 1987-08-19 Procede pour manoeuvrer au moins un dispositif a l'interieur d'un tubage et ensemble permettant la mise en oeuvre du procede
FR8711749 1987-08-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0307266A1 EP0307266A1 (de) 1989-03-15
EP0307266B1 true EP0307266B1 (de) 1992-04-29

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EP88402074A Expired - Lifetime EP0307266B1 (de) 1987-08-19 1988-08-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Betätigung von Spezialausrüstungen für Eingriffe in einem Gebohrten Schacht mit mindestens einem stark geneigten Abschnitt in Bezug auf die Vertikale

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4940094A (de)
EP (1) EP0307266B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1320125C (de)
DE (1) DE3870556D1 (de)
DK (1) DK169879B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2032581T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2621646B1 (de)
IN (1) IN171838B (de)
NO (1) NO300391B1 (de)

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US4349072A (en) * 1980-10-06 1982-09-14 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for conducting logging or perforating operations in a borehole
FR2501777B1 (fr) * 1981-03-13 1986-08-29 Inst Francais Du Petrole Methode et dispositif pour effectuer, a l'aide d'outils specialises, des operations telles que des mesures, dans des portions de puits fortement inclinees sur la verticale, ou horizontales
US4436152A (en) * 1982-09-24 1984-03-13 Otis Engineering Corporation Shifting tool
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FR2575515B1 (fr) * 1984-12-28 1988-11-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif propulse par pression hydraulique permettant des mesures et des interventions en cours d'injection ou de production dans un puits devie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK463688A (da) 1989-02-20
FR2621646B1 (fr) 1995-08-25
DK169879B1 (da) 1995-03-20
EP0307266A1 (de) 1989-03-15
DK463688D0 (da) 1988-08-18
NO300391B1 (no) 1997-05-20
NO883644D0 (no) 1988-08-16
FR2621646A1 (fr) 1989-04-14
NO883644L (no) 1989-02-20
US4940094A (en) 1990-07-10
ES2032581T3 (es) 1993-02-16
CA1320125C (fr) 1993-07-13
DE3870556D1 (de) 1992-06-04
IN171838B (de) 1993-01-23

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