EP0192558B1 - Vorrichtung zum Einordnen eines Werkzeugs oder Instruments in einem Rohr, insbesondere eine selbständige hydraulische Pumpe, die durch ein Steigrohr gewinnt - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum Einordnen eines Werkzeugs oder Instruments in einem Rohr, insbesondere eine selbständige hydraulische Pumpe, die durch ein Steigrohr gewinnt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0192558B1 EP0192558B1 EP86400288A EP86400288A EP0192558B1 EP 0192558 B1 EP0192558 B1 EP 0192558B1 EP 86400288 A EP86400288 A EP 86400288A EP 86400288 A EP86400288 A EP 86400288A EP 0192558 B1 EP0192558 B1 EP 0192558B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- closure
- tubular element
- state
- fluid
- reversing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001508691 Martes zibellina Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/129—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by fluid supplied from outside the borehole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
- E21B23/08—Introducing or running tools by fluid pressure, e.g. through-the-flow-line tool systems
- E21B23/10—Tools specially adapted therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for placing a tool or instrument in a pipe and recovering it by circulation of a carrier fluid, usable in particular for the operation at the bottom of wells of autonomous hydraulic pumps, in production from inside 'a production tube.
- the invention particularly relates to the installation and removal of autonomous tools at the bottom of oil or water producing wells.
- This technique is particularly advantageous in the case of autonomous downhole hydraulic pumps, in particular of the jet pump type, when the production is brought to the surface by a production tube (tubing).
- a production tube tubing
- This is the example that was used here to describe the invention, but it also applies to all the equipment which can be useful for checks, regulations, measurements and safety at the bottom of the well, in particular pressure recorders, temperature, or flow rate which can be exploited in this way, alone or associated with autonomous pumps.
- the invention also applies to gas producing wells as well as wells activated by gas-lift.
- the hydraulic bottom pumping assemblies and in particular the jet pumps are relatively compact. Their weight and size are reduced enough to generally allow their installation and their movement inside a production tube. These pumps are most often simply placed on a receptacle from which they can easily be detached. They can then be considered free, because they can be quickly installed or removed from the well by hydraulic circulation or by cable work. Compared to other non-free activation systems (rod pumps, conventional electric pumps), their maintenance is therefore simpler, faster and less expensive.
- the most commonly used technique consists in supplying the free hydraulic pumps with a working fluid injected into the production tube. The production is then reassembled through the annular space between this production tube and the casing. In some cases, production can be escalated by another production tube, with double completion.
- the driving pressure in the production tube makes it possible to apply and maintain the pump in its housing at the bottom of the well.
- To reassemble the pump the circulation of fluids is reversed.
- a valve placed at the discharge of the pump keeps downstream the pressure necessary for its displacement.
- the geometry of the annular space is not well defined, the production tube being positioned irregularly. This does not allow easy calculation of the flows of the fluids produced; deposits are favored in areas with low flow velocities, in particular at the points of contact between the production tube and the casing.
- the present invention eliminates these drawbacks by allowing production through the production tube.
- the working fluid which is preferably a fluid suitably treated to prevent the risks of corrosion, abrasion and deposits, is injected into the annular space.
- the pumped fluid mixed with the working fluid is brought up to the surface by the interior of the production tube where the phenomena of corrosion, erosion and deposits can be more easily controlled and treated.
- the main object of the present invention is a device for placing a tool or an instrument in a pipe and recovering it. It can be used, in particular, to stimulate the production of an oil well by allowing the installation at the bottom of the well of an autonomous hydraulic pump. This pump can allow production from inside a production tube.
- the device according to the invention makes it possible to set up and recover a tool or instrument by circulation of a carrier fluid, in particular comprises two shutters adapted to effect the reversal of the direction of movement of the device.
- the present invention provides a device of compact size of simpler embodiment, comprising only a single shutter to operate the device, and having a greater reliability, which allows in particular to obtain a significant reduction in manufacturing costs and production.
- the device according to the invention makes it possible to set up a tool or an instrument in a determined working position inside a pipe, then to recover it by circulation of a vector fluid, it comprises an element tubular adaptable to the tool or instrument and an annular sealing gasket, said tubular element contains means for selecting the direction of movement of the tool or instrument which in combination comprise shutter means comprising a shutter cooperating with a part conjugate and a device for reversing the direction of movement, said conjugate part comprising at least one sealing surface, said closure means having at least three states, said reversing device being adapted to assign the closure means either with two first states excluding a third, that is to say said third state, in the first state, said shutter cooperating with said conjugate part to let the fluid pass in a first direction, in the second state, said shutter cooperating with said mating piece by preventing the passage of the fluid in the direction opposite to said first direction.
- This device for installing a tool or instrument is particularly characterized in that, in the third state, said shutter cooperating with said conjugate part prevents the passage of the fluid in said first direction.
- the conjugate part may include at least one other sealing surface and said sealing means may have at least three positions, the first position corresponding to said first state, the second position corresponding to said second state where said shutter cooperates with said surface, the third position corresponding to said third state where said shutter cooperates with said other surface.
- the device may include means for remote control of said reversing device.
- the remote control means may include elastic and / or plastic means adapted to allow the displacement of said shutter relative to said conjugate part only from a force of predetermined intensity.
- the device may include pumping means capable of acting on said reversing device.
- Said reversing device can be adapted to assign to the shutter means, either said first two states excluding the third, or said third state preventing the return to said first two states.
- the device may include a locking device and said tubular element may actuate the engagement and / or disengagement of said locking device from the tubular element, tool or instrument assembly in said pipe.
- Said device for reversing the direction of movement may form an integral part either of said shutter or of said conjugate part.
- the shutter means may comprise in combination a shutter such as a ball and a member for reversing the direction of movement, this member being hollow and having an orifice separating the external and internal walls which form said sealing surfaces for said shutter element. , said member being able to move axially in said tubular element under the effect of an overpressure, against the action of return means from said second position, where said orifice is closed by said shutter, to said third position where the diameter of said orifice is increased and allows the passage of said shutter element.
- Said member may include a set of coaxial strips which, by moving away from one another, make it possible to increase the diameter of said orifice.
- the internal wall of said tubular element may include a bearing inclined on the axis of said tubular element against which said member bears at its upper part under the action of said return means.
- An annular element or pusher may be interposed between said member and said elastic return means, this pusher being connected to said tubular element by at least one safety element such as a shear pin.
- a jet pump that can be installed in a pipe equipping a well, the production of which is activated by injecting a working fluid from the surface into the annular space between the pipe and the wall of the well, may be equipped with a device such as defined above allowing from the surface the installation of this pump in the working position in the pipe and its recovery on the surface.
- the invention has in particular enabled the development of an autonomous hydraulic pumping assembly, the installation and removal of which takes place by simple reversal of the circulation of fluid.
- This assembly can be moved in any direction inside the production tube with a speed of the order of one meter per second.
- the production operation can be carried out in less than an hour.
- its position can be perfectly determined at any time, knowing the flow rate of injected fluid necessary for its movement. No additional equipment compared to the mode of production by the annular space is necessary on the surface to perform these operations.
- the reference 1 designates a producing geological formation in which a well 2 has been drilled.
- This well is fitted with a casing 3 comprising perforations 4 at the level of the producing layer.
- the production is activated by a jet pump designated as a whole by the reference 5.
- This pump is installed freely in the production tube 6 disposed inside the casing 3.
- free pump is meant here a pump which can be move in the production tube 6 and which, in operation, rests on a shoulder 7a formed in the receiver tube 7, integral with the production tube 6.
- a sealing device 8 of the packer type surrounding the receiving tube 7 isolates the deposit from the annular space 9 comprised between the production tube 6 and the casing 3.
- the jet pump 5 essentially comprises a nozzle 10 surmounted by a mixer 11 and diffuser 12 assembly.
- the production is activated by injecting a motor fluid at the surface at 13 into the annular space 9.
- This fluid enters the nozzle 10 by means of lateral orifices 14 formed in the receiving tube 7 (the flow of this fluid is shown by the arrows in solid lines).
- the restriction of the cross-section of passage of the working fluid through the nozzle 10 forms a jet at high speed.
- This jet causes a vacuum which makes it possible to suck the fluid to be pumped at the base of the tube 7 and to draw it through the neck 15.
- the flow of the fluid to be pumped is shown in dashes.
- the two fluids meet in the mixer 11.
- the diffuser 12 makes it possible to transform the kinetic energy acquired by the fluids into pressure.
- the pressure gain thus obtained makes it possible to bring the power necessary to raise production up to 16 to the surface.
- a bottom valve 17 disposed under the jet pump 5 prevents the return of the pumped fluid to the deposit.
- FIG. 2 shows the entire pump 5 with the original installation and removal mechanism according to the invention.
- This mechanism is articulated around selection means such as a selective valve 18 allowing the selection of the direction of movement of the pump in the tubes 6 and 7, this selective valve being housed in the tubular element 19 integral with the pump 5.
- the selective valve 18 consists of a ball 20 or other obturator element, retained between a sealing surface 21a placed on the mating piece and an upper stop 22. The position of the shutter relative to the mating piece allows or prevents the circulation of the fluid through the pump 5.
- the conjugate part for reversing the direction of movement 21 comprises several contiguous parts or lamellae 23 arranged in a corolla which form, as shown in FIG. 3, a member for reversing the direction of movement in the form of a hollow coaxial assembly 24 maintained in place by a pusher 25 against a conical bearing 26 or more generally an inclined bearing on the axis of the tubular element 19; this pusher is supported on a spring 27.
- One (or more) safety element 28 ensures the reliability of the assembly by preventing accidental opening of the system.
- An annular seal 29 placed above the valve completes the assembly.
- the role of the selective valve system is to transform the pressure available in the production tube 6 into a force acting on the pump 5 in order to cause it to move during the installation and removal operations, while leaving free passage to the fluid, during of the pumping phase of the production fluid illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the ball 20 is placed in the position indicated in FIG. 2A.
- the ball 20 cannot pass through the upper orifice 21c of this member whose passage section is insufficient.
- the walls of the parts or lamellae 23 are arranged to form an external sealing surface 21a a and an internal sealing surface 21b respectively for the ball 20 in this position for bringing the parts together or slats 23.
- the slats cannot move away from each other, since they are kept in contact with the conical bearing 26 by the spring 27 and the safety element 28.
- the pump is locked by blocking "dogs" 30 (Fig. 2), integral with sliding sleeves 31, in the corresponding recesses 32 of the tube when the autonomous assembly: tubular element, tool or instrument has been positioned by a location module such as a stop or a key device well known in this art.
- the differential pressures can be for example 20 bar for the descent of the pump and 40 bar for its locking.
- FIG. 4 shows the detail of a second device for selecting the direction of movement according to the invention which is housed in the tubular element 19 secured to the pump 5 as in the previous description of FIG. 2.
- the means for selecting the direction of movement are composed of a shutter 20 which can be moved axially by means of a stop guide 35 from a position defined by the stop guide 35 to a position where the shutter 20 is in contact with the surface d seal 21a of the conjugate part.
- the conjugate part 21 is formed of contiguous lamellae 23 arranged in a corolla and all connected to their base, as shown in FIG. 4A.
- the lamellae 23 have an elasticity such that they allow the passage of the shutter 20 only from a certain hydraulic overpressure exerted on this shutter.
- the shutter 20 is placed opposite the surface 21 b, being unable to resume its position anterior. This can be achieved, in particular, by making spans 20b and 21b substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the shutter as shown in FIG. 4.
- the shutter 20 comes to bear against the surface 21a a to ensure the seal and allow the descent of the tubular element and tool or instrument assembly under the action of the pumping means which produce an axial force descending on the assembly .
- the locking is then carried out as previously indicated in the description of FIG. 2A.
- the inversion of the direction of circulation of the fluid allows the shutter to rest on the sealing surface 21 a. Due to a relatively large overpressure explained on the shutter, it flares the conjugate part 21 and / or shears the security element and penetrates inside while being trapped there. A retaining device 37 prevents the shutter from lowering further.
- the shutter After reversing the circulation of the fluid (injection through the annular space), the shutter is applied against the sealing surface 21 b, blocking the passage of the fluid.
- the increase in pressure in the pump 5 establishes an upward force which allows the unlocking of the pump and its ascent in the production tube.
- the sealing surface 21b has a shape such that when the shutter 20 is applied thereto by exerting an axial force directed towards the upper part of FIG. 4, the strips 23 do not move apart.
- Figure 5 shows the detail of a third embodiment of the means for selecting the direction of movement according to the invention which is housed in the tubular element 19 secured to the pump 5 as in the previous description of the first device mentioned.
- the means for selecting the direction of movement are composed of a shutter 20 which can be moved axially by means of a stop guide 35 from a position defined by the stroke limiter 37 to a position where the shutter 20 is in contact with the surface d seal 21a of the mating piece.
- the conjugate part 21 comprises two surfaces 21 a and 21 b which can make contact with the shutter to seal.
- the shutter 20 is composed of radial strips 36 connected at their center and integral with the axis 38. Their thickness, width and length are adjusted to provide the elasticity necessary to allow the shutter 20 to pass through the conjugate part 21 under the effect of a predetermined overpressure applied when the shutter presses against the surface 21 a.
- the injection of the pressurized fluid at 16 into the production tube creates a pressure which exerts a vertical downward force on the pump 5, the fluid being unable to circulate through the latter because the shutter 20 is in contact with the surface 21 has and seals.
- the assembly is locked as described in the first device mentioned.
- Stopping production allows the shutter to rest again on the sealing surface 21 a.
- the surface 21a is the only surface to seal, on the one hand, during the injection of fluid by the production tube for the descent of the pump, and on the other hand, during the injection of fluid through the annular space for removal of the pump.
- the dogs are actuated while the shutter 20 is in abutment on the sealing surface 21a. They maintain the shutter 20 substantially in this position. Sufficient space pressure annular 9 then causes the removal of the pump. Thus, the surface 21 b would become unused and could be deleted.
- the tubular element comprises several parts connected to each other by at least one articulation.
Landscapes
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8502285 | 1985-02-14 | ||
FR8502285A FR2577611B1 (fr) | 1985-02-14 | 1985-02-14 | Dispositif pour mettre en place un outil ou instrument dans une conduite utilisable notamment pour l'exploitation en fond de puits de pompes hydrauliques autonomes, en production par l'interieur d'un tubing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0192558A1 EP0192558A1 (de) | 1986-08-27 |
EP0192558B1 true EP0192558B1 (de) | 1988-08-31 |
Family
ID=9316362
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86400288A Expired EP0192558B1 (de) | 1985-02-14 | 1986-02-11 | Vorrichtung zum Einordnen eines Werkzeugs oder Instruments in einem Rohr, insbesondere eine selbständige hydraulische Pumpe, die durch ein Steigrohr gewinnt |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4860825A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0192558B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS61204495A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1273286A (de) |
FR (1) | FR2577611B1 (de) |
NO (1) | NO860498L (de) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU629609B2 (en) * | 1989-02-22 | 1992-10-08 | Longyear Tm Inc | Wire line core drilling apparatus |
EP0464340A3 (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1992-10-14 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and method for inserting a pump within a conduit |
AU8868591A (en) * | 1990-11-03 | 1992-05-26 | Peco Machine Shop & Inspection Services Ltd. | Downhole jet pump system using gas as driving fluid |
US5163515A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1992-11-17 | Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S | Pumpdown toolstring operations in horizontal or high-deviation oil or gas wells |
NO173668C (no) * | 1991-09-16 | 1994-01-12 | Norske Stats Oljeselskap | Fremgangsmaate for pumping av produser fluid |
US5284208A (en) * | 1992-10-15 | 1994-02-08 | Halliburton Company | Production logging system using through flow line tools |
BR9300292A (pt) * | 1993-01-27 | 1994-08-16 | Petroleo Brasileiro Sa | Aperfeiçoamento em sede de válvulas de orifício |
US5562161A (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-10-08 | Hisaw; Jack C. | Method for accelerating production |
AU764540B2 (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2003-08-21 | 2Ic Australia Pty Ltd | Apparatus for delivering a flowable substance to a remote location |
AUPP713798A0 (en) | 1998-11-17 | 1998-12-10 | Beach, Andrew | Apparatus for delivering a flowable substance to a remote location |
US7063161B2 (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2006-06-20 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Artificial lift with additional gas assist |
AU2010276465A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | A blade end portion protecting bag and a rotor installing method for a wind turbine |
US20130189123A1 (en) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-07-25 | Charles O. Stokley | Hydraulic Powered Downhole Pump |
US9435181B1 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-09-06 | Robert Harris | Retrievable gas lift valve system |
WO2016036808A1 (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-03-10 | Tech Flo Consulting, Llc | Flow back jet pump |
CN110821425A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-02-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种煤层气井井壁清洗设备及循环洗井方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3104714A (en) * | 1963-09-24 | Apparatus to prevent fouling of wire | ||
US3070167A (en) * | 1959-07-30 | 1962-12-25 | Jersey Prod Res Co | Device for pumping tools into wells |
US3229768A (en) * | 1962-12-20 | 1966-01-18 | Macco Oil Tool Co Inc | Free-fall plunger |
US3395759A (en) * | 1966-09-09 | 1968-08-06 | Mobil Oil Corp | Well tool pumpable through a flowline |
US3530935A (en) * | 1968-06-03 | 1970-09-29 | Brown Oil Tools | Motor for running and retrieving well tools |
US3543852A (en) * | 1968-12-16 | 1970-12-01 | Otis Eng Corp | Well tools |
US3789925A (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1974-02-05 | C Brown | Anchoring assembly for anchoring well equipment within a tubular well conduit |
US4293283A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1981-10-06 | Roeder George K | Jet with variable throat areas using a deflector |
US4360063A (en) * | 1980-12-04 | 1982-11-23 | Otis Engineering Corporation | Valve |
US4441861A (en) * | 1981-07-10 | 1984-04-10 | Canalizo Carlos R | Well production apparatus and method |
US4605069A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1986-08-12 | Conoco Inc. | Method for producing heavy, viscous crude oil |
-
1985
- 1985-02-14 FR FR8502285A patent/FR2577611B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-02-11 EP EP86400288A patent/EP0192558B1/de not_active Expired
- 1986-02-12 NO NO860498A patent/NO860498L/no unknown
- 1986-02-14 CA CA000501896A patent/CA1273286A/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-02-14 JP JP61029138A patent/JPS61204495A/ja active Granted
-
1989
- 1989-02-01 US US07/304,601 patent/US4860825A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS61204495A (ja) | 1986-09-10 |
CA1273286A (fr) | 1990-08-28 |
JPH0548359B2 (de) | 1993-07-21 |
NO860498L (no) | 1986-08-17 |
FR2577611B1 (fr) | 1988-04-08 |
EP0192558A1 (de) | 1986-08-27 |
US4860825A (en) | 1989-08-29 |
FR2577611A1 (fr) | 1986-08-22 |
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