EP0563569B1 - Ski comprising a base and a stiffner in two parts connected to the base - Google Patents
Ski comprising a base and a stiffner in two parts connected to the base Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0563569B1 EP0563569B1 EP93102816A EP93102816A EP0563569B1 EP 0563569 B1 EP0563569 B1 EP 0563569B1 EP 93102816 A EP93102816 A EP 93102816A EP 93102816 A EP93102816 A EP 93102816A EP 0563569 B1 EP0563569 B1 EP 0563569B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ski
- stiffener
- base
- ski according
- portions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
- A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
- A63C5/07—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices comprising means for adjusting stiffness
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C9/00—Ski bindings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ski, in particular an alpine ski. It relates more particularly to an improvement in this type of skiing.
- ski we already know different types of ski and there are many variations. These consist of an elongated beam whose front end is curved upwards to form a spatula, the rear end also being more slightly to form the heel.
- the structure generally comprises peripheral protection elements, internal resistance elements to resist the flexural and torsional stresses, and a core. These elements are assembled by gluing or by injection, the assembly generally being carried out hot in a mold having the final shape of the ski, with a front part strongly raised in a tip, a rear part slightly raised in the heel, a central arched part. .
- skis intended for strong skiers are generally much stiffer and respond much more quickly to flexion stresses, particularly at high speed and on bumpy courses and difficult snow.
- their excessive stiffness is harmful for easy driving and good mobility of the ski.
- Document DE 39 33 717 presents a ski, the binding elements of which are fixed to a covering part; itself secured to deformable elastic bodies allowing continuous deformation and without providing additional stiffness to the ski, in particular, when passing over heavily uneven terrain.
- the object of the present invention aims, on the contrary, to increase the stiffness of the ski from a certain determined flexion value.
- the ski of the present invention aims to provide an improvement to the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the improvements brought about by the invention give the ski a satisfactory behavior under all conditions of use, even the most extreme.
- the ski according to the invention comprises a first lower sub-assembly or base, the front end of which is raised to form the tip; and a second upper sub-assembly or stiffener, characterized in that the upper sub-assembly is formed by two parts of beam or section with separate evolving section, each linked to the first lower sub-assembly either by a flexible connection extending partially or totally between the upper sub-assembly and the base, either by a rigid connection extending partially between the upper sub-assembly and the base, and in that the two parts are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the ski , and are spaced from one another by a clearance when the ski is at rest and the parts cooperate with each other when the ski is stressed in bending, from a determined bending value, so as to increase the stiffness ski.
- the stiffener in two parts has a length of between 50 and 80% less than the length of the surface of the base in contact with the snow.
- the front and rear parts are partially linked to the base by rigid connections.
- the front and rear parts are totally linked to the base, each by a flexible connection.
- the two parts of the stiffener are connected by a damping device.
- the free space between the two parts of the stiffener can be completely or partially occupied by an elastic system, notably of spring.
- the ski of the invention as shown in FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment, comprises a lower sub-assembly or base (1) and an upper sub-assembly or stiffener (2).
- the stiffener consists of a first front part (20) and a second rear part (21).
- the two front (20) and rear (21) parts extend longitudinally and are separated from each other. They each have an upper surface (201, 210) spaced apart by a small distance (d) so as to provide a clearance (22) between each part (20, 21).
- Each part (20, 21) is linked to the base by connecting means (3).
- the parts (20, 21) of the stiffener are aligned along the median longitudinal axis (I, I ') of the ski.
- the two parts are two symmetrically identical beams (symmetry with respect to the median vertical axis (II-II ')). But of course, this characteristic is not essential to the invention.
- the base (1) is the element in contact with the snow and is in the form of an elongated beam (10) having its own distribution of thickness, of width and therefore its own stiffness.
- This elongated beam can have a stiffness less than or equal to that of a conventional ski.
- the base (1) comprises a slightly arched central part (113), having a lower sliding surface (114) and an upper surface (115).
- the central part (113) occupies most of the length of the base and is extended on the one hand at the front by an anterior part (116) raised to form the spatula (117) and on the other hand, by a rear part (118) slightly raised to form the heel of the ski.
- the rear part (118) being relatively short and of low lift, and the front part (116) is longer and much more arched, as is known per se and shown in the figures.
- the upper face (115) of the central part (113) of the base (1) is covered with a stiffener (2) in two parts.
- This element is intended to complete the distribution of the stiffnesses of the base (1) so as to obtain the desired overall distribution.
- the application of a bending force from the top to the bottom leads to a reduction in the distance (d) or the clearance (22) created between the two surfaces (201, 210) of the parts of the stiffener creating a support of the two surfaces (202, 212) of the two parts of the stiffener and thus increasing the stiffness of the ski.
- the curve in FIG. 4 shows the shape of the change in the stiffness of the ski as a function of the increase in the bending force (F) applied to the ski.
- the portion A of the curve corresponds to the application of force values below the minimum input value as a function of the stiffener.
- the stiffness of the ski is then that of the base.
- the portion B corresponds to the operating range of the stiffener, resulting in an increase in the slope of the curve due to the stiffness input from the stiffener.
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show an example of the structure of the ski of the invention.
- the structure of the base (1) can be of the sandwich type or of the box type or of any other type.
- a preferred structure is shown comprising a rigid upper reinforcement (101) in the form of a shell with a "U" section forming a top wall (102) and two side walls (103 and 104) covering a core (105 ), the assembly being closed at its lower part by a lower element (106) comprising the metal edges (107, 108), a sliding layer (109) generally made of polyethylene as well as lower reinforcement elements (110, 111) .
- An upper surface layer (112) covers the upper reinforcement to form the decor of the base.
- the reinforcing layers (101, 110, 111) can be of all types such as layers of composite materials such as fiberglass, carbon fiber with epoxy or polyester resin, or even a metal alloy.
- the core (105) can be filled or unloaded foam, wood or aluminum honeycomb.
- the surface layer providing the decoration may be made of a thermoplastic material such as polyamide. It can be monolayer or made up of several layers.
- each part (20, 21) of the stiffener is of the box type and is formed of a core (23) disposed between an upper reinforcement ( 24) and a lower reinforcement (25).
- the structure could also be of the sandwich type, that is to say be made up of a stack of different elements such as reinforcements and cores.
- the stiffener (2) can also be constituted by a simple profit in the form of "Omega" for example.
- provision can be made to make the stiffener made of composite material by the technique of TRE (Thermoplastic Reinforced Stampable) or SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) for example.
- the upper reinforcement (24) is covered with another additional reinforcement layer (240) in the shape of an inverted "U” and forming an upper wall and two side walls (241, 242).
- a surface layer (26) covers the top and the side faces of the stiffener (2) to form the finish and the decoration thereof.
- the reinforcing layers of the stiffener can be of all types such as layers of composite materials such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, with epoxy or polyester resin or still metallic or fibro-metallic reinforcements.
- the core (23) can be filled or unloaded foam, wood or aluminum honeycomb.
- the surface layer providing the decoration can be made of polyamide for example, be monolayer or multilayer.
- connection means (3) such that the connection between the two elements is flexible and / or partially rigid.
- FIG. 1 to 6 shows an example in which the connections (3) between the base assemblies (1) and parts (20, 21) of the stiffener (2) are completely flexible.
- the connecting means (3) are produced by a flexible interface (30) arranged between the base (1) and the entire length of each part (20, 21) of the stiffener (2).
- the interface under each part (20, 21) has a width l3 equal to that of each part and a length L3 equal to the length of each part of the stiffener.
- the interface (30) is produced by a layer of a flexible material of the elastic type, and in particular of the viscoelastic type, of thickness from 0.1 to 5 mm, which is glued or welded on the one hand, to the surface upper (115) of the base (1) and secondly, under the lower surface of the stiffener.
- the material used can be elastic with a hardness of 10 to 85 shores A or a viscoelastic material with a modulus of elasticity of 15 to 160 megapascals, a hardness of 50 to 95 shores A and a damping value of 0.13 to 0.72.
- these data are only exemplary embodiments for a temperature of 20 degrees and a frequency of 15 hertz.
- the interface (30) is fixed to the base (1) and the stiffener (2) is produced either by a thermosetting resin of the polyester, vinylester or polyurethane epoxy type or a thermoplastic film such as a polyamide, or any other way.
- connection between each part (20, 21) is partial and produced at the front and rear end of the stiffener.
- the front part (20) of the stiffener is linked by its front end (203) over a length l1.
- the rear part (21) is linked by its rear end (213) over a length l2.
- the connections (3) in this case are flexible and produced by two flexible interfaces.
- connection (3) between the base (1) and each part of the stiffener (2) is partially rigid; that is to say that the connection, when it is rigid, does not extend under the entire surface of the stiffener (2) to allow in particular a bringing together of the parts of the stiffener between them.
- the rigid connection (3) can be obtained by any means such as bonding, by mechanical connection such as screws or rivets or even by welding, in particular by ultrasound or by vibration.
- connection (3) between the base (1) and its stiffener (2) can be mixed, that is to say partly flexible and partly rigid.
- FIGS 8 and 8a show an interesting variant of the invention in which a damping device (4) connects the two parts (20, 21) of the stiffener.
- the space or clearance (22) between the two parts (20, 21) when the ski is at rest is occupied by a pad of viscoelastic material having damping properties.
- the pad compresses as the ski is stressed in flexion. It is preferably held in place by gluing against the surfaces (202, 212) of the front and rear parts of the stiffener.
- FIG. 9 shows the variation curve of the stiffness as a function of the force applied in bending.
- the first portion A of the curve illustrates the compression range of the pad (4).
- the stiffness no longer varies linearly as a function of the flexion applied but gradually.
- Section B illustrates the incompressibility range of the tampon (4). In this case, the stiffness varies linearly depending on the stresses applied.
- damping device one can also provide any type of device such as hydraulic or gas compression, for example.
- FIGS. 10 to 11 show a variant of FIGS. 8 and 8a in which the damping is done by shearing of a pad of viscoelastic material connecting a first portion (205) of upper surface of one of the parts (20) to a second portion (215) of lower surface of the other part (21).
- the clearances (206, 216) allow complementary fitting of the ends (204, 214) of the parts of the stiffener when the ski is stressed in bending as shown in FIGS. 12 and 12a.
- the damping effect can be limited to avoid a possible tearing of the pad (4) by the contact of the surfaces (202, 212) of the ends (205, 215) of the parts (20, 21) of the stiffener.
- Figures 13 to 15 illustrate another variant of the invention where the space or clearance (22) created between the two parts (20, 21) is occupied by an energizing system (5) offering an elastic restoring force to the stresses of bending of the ski.
- the system can be an elastic system, in particular a spring.
- the bending forces of the ski result in a bringing together of the two parts (20, 21) of the stiffener between them, which compress the spring (5) and create a restoring force proportional to the bending force exerted as shown in the first portion A of the curve in FIG. 15.
- the second portion B shows the effect provided by the stiffener when the end of the stroke of the spring (5) is reached (FIG. 14a).
- the energizing system (5) only partially occupies the clearance (22) separating the two parts of the stiffener.
- the system (5) is integral with the end (201) of one of the parts.
- a clearance (22) is provided between the system (5), and the end (210) of the other part allows an energizing system (5) to be put into operation only from a value of bending (F1) of the determined ski (FIG. 17).
- Figures 18 and 19 show a particularly suitable improvement providing the mounting of the bindings on the ski.
- the ski comprises at least one support (6) intended to receive the binding (s) (7) for retaining the skier's boot.
- Said support (6) has the shape of a stirrup having the shape of an inverted "U” and comprises an upper wall (60) extended laterally and downwards by two side walls (61, 62) to constitute a housing ( 63) lower having the shape of a longitudinally extending hollow profile intended for the passage of the stiffener (2).
- the dimensions of the housing both horizontal "l4" and vertical "h4" are greater than the horizontal dimensions "l3" and vertical "h3" of the parts of the stiffener to form a space necessary for the freedom of the latter, as the shows figure 19.
- the stiffener does not directly receive the stresses of the skier. Also, the support or the stirrup (6) is supported only on the base (1).
- connection between the support and the base is rigid or flexible and obtained for example by gluing, welding or any other means, such as mechanical.
- the support (6) constitutes the mechanical element for transmitting and distributing the stresses of the skier on the base.
- the stiffener (2) has a length "L2" less than the length "L1" of the base (1).
- the front end (203) of the stiffener is located between the tip contact point (119) of the base and the front end (121) of the standardized area for mounting the fasteners.
- the rear end (213) of the stiffener is located between the rear contact point (122) and the rear end (120) of the standardized area for mounting the fasteners. So if the base (1) has a length "L1" of contact with the snow, the stiffener (2) has a length "L2" such that "L2" is less than "L1".
- the length "L2" of the stiffener is between 50% and 80% of the length "L1".
- the relative longitudinal position of the stiffener (2) relative to the base (1) can be variable.
- the support (6) receives at the front the front attachment (70) and extends rearward over a length "L4" as far as under the rear attachment (71). Said rear attachment (71) commonly called heel being itself fixed on the rear part of said support (6).
- FIG. 22 represents a variant according to which the ski comprises two supports (6) spaced from one another, a first front support (6a) on which the front stop (70) for retaining the boot is fixed, and a second support or rear support (6b) on which the heel piece (71) is fixed.
- the support (6, 6a, 6b) can be a plastic injected element or a metallic or composite reinforcing element, whether or not coated with a plastic coating, or else a pultruded or extruded plastic element.
- a plastic injected element or a metallic or composite reinforcing element, whether or not coated with a plastic coating, or else a pultruded or extruded plastic element.
- the support (6, 6a, 6b) can be in one and the same part or be made up of different parts, or even constituted by a part of the corresponding fixing (7, 70, 71).
- connection between the support and the base can be rigid but also flexible.
- FIG. 23 represents another variant in longitudinal view according to which each part of the stiffener comprises a narrowing of its height h2 extending over a reduced length L'2 in the region of the fasteners so as to form a clearance making it possible to reduce the height h4 of the stirrup and consequently that of the fixings (7) with respect to the snow.
- the height h5 of the base can also vary to form housings, especially in the area of the fasteners to allow better integration of the different elements, base, stiffener, stirrup between them.
- each end (203, 213) of each part of the stiffener is integrated in a housing (13) produced in the base.
- Figures 24 and 25 show in cross section the particular embodiment of the invention of Figure 22 where the stiffener is constituted by a reinforced profile whose shape is longitudinally progressive.
- the stiffener has the shape of a flat plate in the vicinity of the central part so that its size is reduced to a height h2 and a width l2 less than the height h'4 and width l4 of the clearance formed by the stirrup (6).
- the stiffener has the shape of an Omega and has a central rib (26) whose dimensions vary along the ski so as to vary the rigidity clean of each part (20, 21) of the stiffener.
- the section of the central rib (26) gradually decreases towards the front end of the front part of the stiffener and towards the rear end of the rear part.
- Figure 26 shows in longitudinal view the arrangement of the parts (20, 21) of the stiffener (1) therebetween.
- the stirrup (6) also has the function of preventing the buckling of the parts of the stiffener during a significant bending force.
- This embodiment has the advantage over those described above of being easily achievable by the technique of TRE (Thermoplastic Reinforced Stampable), SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) or by pultrusion for example.
- the profile can be covered with a surface layer intended to protect it and possibly receive a decoration (27).
- Figure 27 shows in longitudinal view a variant in which the fasteners (7) are directly secured to one of the parts (20, 21) of the stiffener.
- the front part (20) extends in the area of the fasteners (7) and the clearance (22) separating the front part (20) from the rear part (21) and is located behind the rear stop ( 71).
- any vertical retaining means (28) are provided allowing the translational movements of the stiffener.
- vertical retaining means is meant a means of the slide, rail or other type, connecting in one or more places the part of the stiffener to the base.
- Figures 28 and 29 show by way of nonlimiting example two different sets of vertical retaining means.
- FIG. 28 it is more particularly a stirrup (28) in the shape of an inverted U fixed to the base.
- a retaining means (28) of the slide type In FIG. 28, it is more particularly a stirrup (28) in the shape of an inverted U fixed to the base.
- FIG. 29 provision is made to use a retaining means (28) of the slide type.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un ski, notamment un ski alpin. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un perfectionnement à ce type de ski.The present invention relates to a ski, in particular an alpine ski. It relates more particularly to an improvement in this type of skiing.
On connait déjà différents types de ski et il en existe de très nombreuses variantes. Ceux-ci sont constitués par une poutre de forme allongée dont l'extrémité avant est courbée vers le haut pour constituer une spatule, l'extrémité arrière l'étant aussi plus légèrement pour constituer le talon.We already know different types of ski and there are many variations. These consist of an elongated beam whose front end is curved upwards to form a spatula, the rear end also being more slightly to form the heel.
Les skis actuels ont généralement une structure composite dans laquelle sont combinés différents matériaux de manière que chacun d'eux intervienne de façon optimale, compte-tenu de la distribution des contraintes mécaniques lors de l'utilisation du ski. Ainsi, la structure comprend généralement des éléments de protection périphériques, des éléments internes de résistance pour résister aux contraintes de flexion et de torsion, et un noyau. Ces éléments sont assemblés par collage ou par injection, l'assemblage s'effectuant généralement à chaud dans un moule présentant la forme définitive du ski, avec une partie avant fortement relevée en spatule, une partie arrière légèrement relevée en talon, une partie centrale cambrée.Current skis generally have a composite structure in which different materials are combined so that each of them intervenes optimally, taking into account the distribution of mechanical stresses when using the ski. Thus, the structure generally comprises peripheral protection elements, internal resistance elements to resist the flexural and torsional stresses, and a core. These elements are assembled by gluing or by injection, the assembly generally being carried out hot in a mold having the final shape of the ski, with a front part strongly raised in a tip, a rear part slightly raised in the heel, a central arched part. .
Malgré le souci des constructeurs de fabriquer des skis de bonne qualité, ceux-ci n'ont pas, à ce jour trouvé un ski de haute performance satisfaisant dans toutes les conditions d'utilisation.Despite the manufacturers' concern to manufacture good quality skis, they have not, to date found a high performance ski satisfactory in all conditions of use.
Les skis actuels ont une certaine raideur qui est une valeur augmentant de façon sensiblement linéaire en fonction des forces de flexion appliquées sur le ski apparaissant lors de l'utilisation du ski sur la neige. Dans des conditions de ski difficile, à grande vitesse et dans des terrains très accidentés ou sur des neiges dures, la raideur de certains skis, destinés aux skieurs moyens n'est quelquefois pas suffisante pour que celui-ci garde un contact satisfaisant avec la neige.Current skis have a certain stiffness which is a value increasing substantially linearly as a function of the bending forces applied to the ski appearing when using the ski on snow. In difficult skiing conditions, at high speed and in very rough terrain or on hard snow, the stiffness of certain skis, intended for average skiers is sometimes not sufficient for it to keep a satisfactory contact with the snow. .
Au contraire, les skis destinés aux forts skieurs sont généralement beaucoup plus raides et répondent beaucoup plus vite aux sollicitations en flexion, notamment à grande vitesse et sur des parcours bosselés et des neiges difficiles. En revanche, dans d'autres conditions, particulièrement dans les endroits accidentés réclamant un passage à vitesse moyenne, leur raideur excessive est néfaste pour une conduite facile et une bonne mobilité du ski.On the contrary, skis intended for strong skiers are generally much stiffer and respond much more quickly to flexion stresses, particularly at high speed and on bumpy courses and difficult snow. On the other hand, in other conditions, particularly in hilly places requiring a change to medium speed, their excessive stiffness is harmful for easy driving and good mobility of the ski.
Le document US 2,258,046 concerne un ski comprenant un raidisseur longitudinal en une seule partie monté sur une embase. Les extrémités du raidisseur sont fixées par des connections qui autorisent un mouvement de glissement lorsque le ski est sollicité en flexion.Document US 2,258,046 relates to a ski comprising a longitudinal stiffener in a single part mounted on a base. The ends of the stiffener are fixed by connections which allow a sliding movement when the ski is stressed in bending.
Le document DE 39 33 717 (A1) présente un ski dont les éléments de fixation sont fixés sur une partie de recouvrement ; elle-même solidaire de corps élastiques déformables permettant une déformation continue et sans apporter de raideur additionnelle au ski, en particulier, lors des passages sur des terrains fortement accidentés.Document DE 39 33 717 (A1) presents a ski, the binding elements of which are fixed to a covering part; itself secured to deformable elastic bodies allowing continuous deformation and without providing additional stiffness to the ski, in particular, when passing over heavily uneven terrain.
L'objet de la présente invention vise au contraire à augmenter la raideur du ski à partir d'une certaine valeur de flexion déterminée.The object of the present invention aims, on the contrary, to increase the stiffness of the ski from a certain determined flexion value.
Le ski de la présente invention a pour but d'apporter une amélioration aux inconvénients précités. Les perfectionnements apportés par l'invention, confèrent au ski un comportement satisfaisant dans toutes les conditions d'utilisation, même les plus extrêmes.The ski of the present invention aims to provide an improvement to the aforementioned drawbacks. The improvements brought about by the invention give the ski a satisfactory behavior under all conditions of use, even the most extreme.
Pour cela, le ski selon l'invention comprend un premier sous-ensemble inférieur ou embase dont l'extrémité avant est relevée pour former la spatule ; et un second sous-ensemble supérieur ou raidisseur, caractérisé en ce que le sous-ensemble supérieur est formé par deux parties de poutre ou de profilé à section évolutive séparées, liées chacune au premier sous-ensemble inférieur soit par une liaison souple s'étendant partiellement ou totalement entre le sous-ensemble supérieur et l'embase, soit par une liaison rigide s'étendant partiellement entre le sous-ensemble supérieur et l'embase, et en ce que les deux parties sont alignées suivant l'axe longitudinal du ski, et sont espacées l'une de l'autre par un jeu lorsque le ski est au repos et les parties coopèrent entre elles lorsque le ski est sollicité en flexion, à partir d'une valeur de flexion déterminée, de façon à augmenter la raideur du ski.For this, the ski according to the invention comprises a first lower sub-assembly or base, the front end of which is raised to form the tip; and a second upper sub-assembly or stiffener, characterized in that the upper sub-assembly is formed by two parts of beam or section with separate evolving section, each linked to the first lower sub-assembly either by a flexible connection extending partially or totally between the upper sub-assembly and the base, either by a rigid connection extending partially between the upper sub-assembly and the base, and in that the two parts are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the ski , and are spaced from one another by a clearance when the ski is at rest and the parts cooperate with each other when the ski is stressed in bending, from a determined bending value, so as to increase the stiffness ski.
Selon une disposition avantageuse, le raidisseur en deux parties a une longueur inférieure comprise entre 50 et 80% à la longueur de la surface de l'embase en contact avec la neige. Selon un mode de réalisation, les parties avant et arrière sont liées partiellement à l'embase par des liaisons rigides.According to an advantageous arrangement, the stiffener in two parts has a length of between 50 and 80% less than the length of the surface of the base in contact with the snow. According to one embodiment, the front and rear parts are partially linked to the base by rigid connections.
Selon un autre mode, les parties avant et arrière sont liées totalement à l'embase, chacune par une liaison souple.According to another mode, the front and rear parts are totally linked to the base, each by a flexible connection.
Selon une variante de l'invention, les deux parties du raidisseur sont reliées par un dispositif d'amortissement.According to a variant of the invention, the two parts of the stiffener are connected by a damping device.
Enfin, selon une autre variante avantageuse, l'espace libre entre les deux parties du raidisseur peut être occupé totalement ou partiellement par un système élastique, de ressort notamment.Finally, according to another advantageous variant, the free space between the two parts of the stiffener can be completely or partially occupied by an elastic system, notably of spring.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention se dégageront de la description qui va suivre en regard des dessins annexés, qui ne sont donnés qu'à titre d'exemples non limitatifs.
- la figure 1 est une vue latérale d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un ski selon l'invention,
- la figure 1a est une vue de détail de la vue de la figure 1,
- la figure 2 est une vue de dessus du ski de la figure 1,
- la figure 2a est une vue de détail de la vue de la figure 2,
- la figure 3 est une vue latérale du ski du mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 2a montrant le principe de fonctionnement lors de l'application d'une sollicitation en flexion,
- la figure 3a est une vue de détail de la vue de la figure 3,
- la figure 4 montre sur un diagramme la variation de la raideur du ski en fonction de la flexion pour le mode des figures 1 à 3,
- la figure 5 est une coupe transversale du ski selon V-V de la figure 1,
- la figure 6 est une coupe transversale du ski selon VI-VI de la figure 1,
- la figure 7 montre une vue schématique en vue transversale de liaisons partielles des parties du raidisseur sur l'embase,
- la figure 8 est une vue transversale d'un autre mode de réalisation que celui de la figure 1,
- la figure 8a est un détail de la figure 8,
- la figure 9 est le diagramme de la variation de la raideur en fonction de la flexion du ski des figures 8 et 8a,
- la figure 10 est une vue transversale d'une autre variante,
- la figure 10a est un détail de la figure 10,
- la figure 11 est une vue de dessus du ski des figures 10 et 10a,
- la figure 12 montre le ski des figures 10 à 11 lors de sollicitation en flexion,
- la figure 12a montre un détail de la figure 12,
- la figure 13 est une autre variante d'un ski selon l'invention,
- la figure 13a est un détail de la figure 13,
- la figure 14 montre le ski des figures 13, 13a lors d'une sollicitation en flexion,
- la figure 15 est le diagramme de la variation de la raideur en fonction de la flexion du ski des figures 13 à 14,
- la figure 16 est une vue de détail d'une variante de la vue de la figure 13a,
- la figure 17 illustre le diagramme relatif à la variante de la figure 16,
- la figure 18 montre le ski de la figure 1 sur lequel est disposé un étrier permettant le montage des fixations,
- la figure 19 est une vue simplifiée en coupe selon VII-VII de la figure 18,
- la figure 20 est une vue en perspective de la figure 18,
- la figure 21 est une vue montrant les différents éléments composant le ski de la figure 18 à 20 avant montage,
- la figure 22 est une variante de la figure 18,
- la figure 23 est une autre variante de la figure 18,
- la figure 24 est une coupe selon IX-IX de la figure 23,
- la figure 25 est une coupe selon X-X de la figure 23,
- la figure 26 est une vue en coupe selon XI-XI de la vue de la figure 25,
- la figure 27 est une vue longitudinale d'une variante dans laquelle les fixations sont montées directement sur une des parties du raidisseur,
- la figure 28 est une vue en coupe simplifiée selon XII-XII de la figure 27,
- la figure 29 est une variante de la figure 28.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a first embodiment of a ski according to the invention,
- FIG. 1a is a detailed view of the view in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 2 is a top view of the ski of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 2a is a detailed view of the view in FIG. 2,
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the ski of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 2a showing the operating principle during the application of a bending stress,
- FIG. 3a is a detailed view of the view in FIG. 3,
- FIG. 4 shows on a diagram the variation of the stiffness of the ski as a function of the flexion for the mode of FIGS. 1 to 3,
- FIG. 5 is a cross section of the ski according to VV of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 6 is a cross section of the ski according to VI-VI of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic view in transverse view of partial connections of the parts of the stiffener on the base,
- FIG. 8 is a transverse view of another embodiment than that of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 8a is a detail of FIG. 8,
- FIG. 9 is the diagram of the variation in stiffness as a function of the flexion of the ski of FIGS. 8 and 8a,
- FIG. 10 is a transverse view of another variant,
- FIG. 10a is a detail of FIG. 10,
- FIG. 11 is a top view of the ski of FIGS. 10 and 10a,
- FIG. 12 shows the ski of FIGS. 10 to 11 during bending stress,
- FIG. 12a shows a detail of FIG. 12,
- FIG. 13 is another variant of a ski according to the invention,
- FIG. 13a is a detail of FIG. 13,
- FIG. 14 shows the ski of FIGS. 13, 13a during a bending stress,
- FIG. 15 is the diagram of the variation in stiffness as a function of the flexion of the ski of FIGS. 13 to 14,
- FIG. 16 is a detailed view of a variant of the view in FIG. 13a,
- FIG. 17 illustrates the diagram relating to the variant of FIG. 16,
- FIG. 18 shows the ski of FIG. 1 on which is placed a stirrup allowing the mounting of the bindings,
- FIG. 19 is a simplified view in section along VII-VII of FIG. 18,
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view of FIG. 18,
- FIG. 21 is a view showing the various elements making up the ski of FIG. 18 to 20 before mounting,
- FIG. 22 is a variant of FIG. 18,
- FIG. 23 is another variant of FIG. 18,
- FIG. 24 is a section along IX-IX of FIG. 23,
- FIG. 25 is a section along XX of FIG. 23,
- FIG. 26 is a sectional view along XI-XI of the view in FIG. 25,
- FIG. 27 is a longitudinal view of a variant in which the fasteners are mounted directly on one of the parts of the stiffener,
- FIG. 28 is a simplified sectional view along XII-XII of FIG. 27,
- FIG. 29 is a variant of FIG. 28.
Le ski de l'invention, comme le montre la figure 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation, comprend un sous-ensemble inférieur ou embase (1) et un sous-ensemble supérieur ou raidisseur (2).The ski of the invention, as shown in FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment, comprises a lower sub-assembly or base (1) and an upper sub-assembly or stiffener (2).
Le raidisseur est constitué d'une première partie avant (20) et d'une seconde partie arrière (21). Les deux parties avant (20) et arrière (21) s'étendent longitudinalement et sont séparées l'une de l'autre. Elles présentent chacune une surface supérieure (201, 210) espacées entre elles d'une faible distance (d) de façon à ménager un jeu (22) entre chaque partie (20, 21). Chaque partie (20, 21) est liée à l'embase par des moyens de liaison (3).The stiffener consists of a first front part (20) and a second rear part (21). The two front (20) and rear (21) parts extend longitudinally and are separated from each other. They each have an upper surface (201, 210) spaced apart by a small distance (d) so as to provide a clearance (22) between each part (20, 21). Each part (20, 21) is linked to the base by connecting means (3).
Comme le montre la figure 2, les parties (20, 21) du raidisseur sont alignées suivant l'axe longitudinal médian (I,I') du ski. Dans l'exemple décrit, les deux parties sont deux poutres symétriquement identiques (symétrie par rapport à l'axe vertical médian (II-II')). Mais bien entendu, cette caractéristique n'est pas indispensable à l'invention.As shown in Figure 2, the parts (20, 21) of the stiffener are aligned along the median longitudinal axis (I, I ') of the ski. In the example described, the two parts are two symmetrically identical beams (symmetry with respect to the median vertical axis (II-II ')). But of course, this characteristic is not essential to the invention.
L'embase (1) est l'élément en contact avec la neige et se présente sous la forme d'une poutre (10) allongée ayant sa propre distribution d'épaisseur, de largeur et donc sa propre raideur. Cette poutre allongée pouvant avoir une raideur plus faible ou égale à celle d'un ski classique. L'embase (1) comprend une partie centrale (113) légèrement cambrée, présentant une surface inférieure (114) de glissement et une surface supérieure (115). La partie centrale (113) occupe la plus grande partie de la longueur de l'embase et se prolonge d'une part à l'avant par une partie antérieure (116) relevée pour former la spatule (117) et d'autre part, par une partie postérieure (118) légèrement relevée pour former le talon du ski. La partie postérieure (118) étant relativement de faible longueur et de relèvement faible, et la partie antérieure (116) est plus longue et beaucoup plus cambrée, comme il est connu en soi et représenté sur les figures.The base (1) is the element in contact with the snow and is in the form of an elongated beam (10) having its own distribution of thickness, of width and therefore its own stiffness. This elongated beam can have a stiffness less than or equal to that of a conventional ski. The base (1) comprises a slightly arched central part (113), having a lower sliding surface (114) and an upper surface (115). The central part (113) occupies most of the length of the base and is extended on the one hand at the front by an anterior part (116) raised to form the spatula (117) and on the other hand, by a rear part (118) slightly raised to form the heel of the ski. The rear part (118) being relatively short and of low lift, and the front part (116) is longer and much more arched, as is known per se and shown in the figures.
Lorsque le ski n'est pas chargé par le poids du skieur, sa surface inférieure est en contact avec le sol (S) suivant une ligne de contact avant (119) et une ligne de contact arrière (120). La partie centrale (113) se mesure entre la ligne de contact avant (119) et arrière (120).When the ski is not loaded by the weight of the skier, its lower surface is in contact with the ground (S) along a front contact line (119) and a rear contact line (120). The central part (113) is measured between the front (119) and rear (120) contact line.
Selon l'invention, la face supérieure (115) de la partie centrale (113) de l'embase (1) est recouverte d'un raidisseur (2) en deux parties. Cet élément est destiné à compléter la distribution des raideurs de l'embase (1) de manière à obtenir la distribution globale souhaitée.According to the invention, the upper face (115) of the central part (113) of the base (1) is covered with a stiffener (2) in two parts. This element is intended to complete the distribution of the stiffnesses of the base (1) so as to obtain the desired overall distribution.
Comme décrit précédemment, il existe un jeu (22) entre les deux parties (201, 210) du raidisseur (2) lorsque le ski est au repos, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'aucune sollicitation en flexion n'est appliquée sur lui.As described above, there is a clearance (22) between the two parts (201, 210) of the stiffener (2) when the ski is at rest, that is to say when no bending stress is applied to him.
Comme le montre la figure 3 et 3a, l'application d'un effort de flexion du haut vers le bas conduit à une diminution de la distance (d) ou du jeu (22) crée entre les deux surfaces (201, 210) des parties du raidisseur créant un appui des deux surfaces (202, 212) des deux parties du raidisseur et augmentant ainsi la raideur du ski.As shown in FIGS. 3 and 3a, the application of a bending force from the top to the bottom leads to a reduction in the distance (d) or the clearance (22) created between the two surfaces (201, 210) of the parts of the stiffener creating a support of the two surfaces (202, 212) of the two parts of the stiffener and thus increasing the stiffness of the ski.
En jouant sur l'importance du jeu crée entre les deux parties, on peut avancer ou retarder l'effet du raidisseur sur l'embase.By playing on the importance of the play created between the two parts, one can advance or delay the effect of the stiffener on the base.
La courbe de la figure 4 montre l'allure de l'évolution de la raideur du ski en fonction de l'augmentation de l'effort de flexion (F) appliqué sur le ski. La portion A de la courbe correspond à l'application de valeurs d'effort en dessous de la valeur minimale d'entrée en fonction du raidisseur. La raideur du ski est alors celle de l'embase.The curve in FIG. 4 shows the shape of the change in the stiffness of the ski as a function of the increase in the bending force (F) applied to the ski. The portion A of the curve corresponds to the application of force values below the minimum input value as a function of the stiffener. The stiffness of the ski is then that of the base.
La portion B correspond à la plage de fonctionnement du raidisseur se traduisant par une augmentation de la pente de la courbe du à l'apport de raideur du raidisseur.The portion B corresponds to the operating range of the stiffener, resulting in an increase in the slope of the curve due to the stiffness input from the stiffener.
La figure 5 et la figure 6 montrent un exemple de structure du ski de l'invention.FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show an example of the structure of the ski of the invention.
La structure de l'embase (1) peut être du type sandwich ou du type à caisson ou de tout autre type. A la figure 5, on a représenté une structure préférée comprenant un renfort supérieur (101) rigide en forme de coque à section en "U" formant une paroi supérieure (102) et deux parois latérales (103 et 104) recouvrant un noyau (105), l'ensemble étant fermé à sa partie inférieure par un élément inférieur (106) comportant les carres métalliques (107, 108), une couche (109) de glissement généralement en polyéthylène ainsi que des éléments de renfort inférieur (110, 111). Une couche supérieure superficielle (112) recouvre le renfort supérieur pour former le décor de l'embase.The structure of the base (1) can be of the sandwich type or of the box type or of any other type. In FIG. 5, a preferred structure is shown comprising a rigid upper reinforcement (101) in the form of a shell with a "U" section forming a top wall (102) and two side walls (103 and 104) covering a core (105 ), the assembly being closed at its lower part by a lower element (106) comprising the metal edges (107, 108), a sliding layer (109) generally made of polyethylene as well as lower reinforcement elements (110, 111) . An upper surface layer (112) covers the upper reinforcement to form the decor of the base.
Les couches de renfort (101, 110, 111) peuvent être de tous types tels que des couches de matériaux composites comme de la fibre de verre, fibre de carbone avec de la résine époxy ou polyester, ou encore en alliage métallique.The reinforcing layers (101, 110, 111) can be of all types such as layers of composite materials such as fiberglass, carbon fiber with epoxy or polyester resin, or even a metal alloy.
Le noyau (105) peut être de la mousse chargée ou non, du bois ou du nid d'abeille en aluminium.The core (105) can be filled or unloaded foam, wood or aluminum honeycomb.
La couche superficielle assurant le décor peut être en matériau thermoplastique tel qu'en polyamide. Elle peut être monocouche ou constituée de plusieurs couches.The surface layer providing the decoration may be made of a thermoplastic material such as polyamide. It can be monolayer or made up of several layers.
Dans le mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple et représenté à la figure 6, la structure de chaque partie (20, 21) du raidisseur est du type caisson et est formé d'un noyau (23) disposé entre un renfort supérieur (24) et un renfort inférieur (25).In the embodiment given by way of example and represented in FIG. 6, the structure of each part (20, 21) of the stiffener is of the box type and is formed of a core (23) disposed between an upper reinforcement ( 24) and a lower reinforcement (25).
Bien entendu, la structure pourrait également être du type sandwich, c'est-à-dire être constituée d'un empilement de différents éléments tels que renforts et noyaux. Le raidisseur (2) peut être aussi constitué par un simple profité en forme de "Omega" par exemple. Dans ce cas, on peut prévoir de réaliser le raidisseur en matériau composite par la technique des TRE (Thermoplastique Renforcé Estampable) ou SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) par exemple.Of course, the structure could also be of the sandwich type, that is to say be made up of a stack of different elements such as reinforcements and cores. The stiffener (2) can also be constituted by a simple profit in the form of "Omega" for example. In this case, provision can be made to make the stiffener made of composite material by the technique of TRE (Thermoplastic Reinforced Stampable) or SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) for example.
Le renfort supérieur (24) est recouvert d'une autre couche de renfort supplémentaire (240) en forme de "U" renversé et formant une paroi supérieure et deux parois latérales (241, 242). Une couche superficielle (26) recouvre le dessus et les faces latérales du raidisseur (2) pour former la finition et le décor de celui-ci.The upper reinforcement (24) is covered with another additional reinforcement layer (240) in the shape of an inverted "U" and forming an upper wall and two side walls (241, 242). A surface layer (26) covers the top and the side faces of the stiffener (2) to form the finish and the decoration thereof.
Comme précédemment pour l'embase, les couches de renfort du raidisseur peuvent être de tous types tels que des couches de matériaux composites comme de la fibre de verre, fibre de carbone, avec de la résine époxy ou polyester ou encore des renforts métalliques ou fibro-métalliques. Le noyau (23) peut être de la mousse chargée ou non, du bois ou du nid d'abeille en aluminium. La couche superficielle assurant le décor peut être en polyamide par exemple, être monocouche ou multicouche.As previously for the base, the reinforcing layers of the stiffener can be of all types such as layers of composite materials such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, with epoxy or polyester resin or still metallic or fibro-metallic reinforcements. The core (23) can be filled or unloaded foam, wood or aluminum honeycomb. The surface layer providing the decoration can be made of polyamide for example, be monolayer or multilayer.
Selon l'invention, les parties du raidisseur (2) sont liées à l'embase (1) par des moyens de liaison (3) tels que la liaison entre les deux éléments soit souple et/ou partiellement rigide.According to the invention, the parts of the stiffener (2) are linked to the base (1) by connection means (3) such that the connection between the two elements is flexible and / or partially rigid.
Le mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 6 représente un exemple selon lequel les liaisons (3) entre les ensembles embase (1) et parties (20, 21) du raidisseur (2) sont totalement souples. A cet effet, les moyens de liaison (3) sont réalisés par une interface (30) souple et disposée entre l'embase (1) et toute la longueur de chaque partie (20, 21) du raidisseur (2). L'interface sous chaque partie (20, 21) a une largeur l3 égale à celle de chaque partie et une longueur L3 égale à la longueur de chaque partie du raidisseur. Lors de l'effort de flexion appliqué sur le ski, les parties du raidisseur se rapprochent l'une de l'autre, et l'interface se déforme par effet de cisaillement comme le montre la figure 3a.The embodiment of Figures 1 to 6 shows an example in which the connections (3) between the base assemblies (1) and parts (20, 21) of the stiffener (2) are completely flexible. To this end, the connecting means (3) are produced by a flexible interface (30) arranged between the base (1) and the entire length of each part (20, 21) of the stiffener (2). The interface under each part (20, 21) has a width l3 equal to that of each part and a length L3 equal to the length of each part of the stiffener. During the bending force applied to the ski, the parts of the stiffener approach each other, and the interface is deformed by the shearing effect as shown in FIG. 3a.
L'interface (30) est réalisée par une couche d'un matériau souple du type élastique, et notamment du type viscoélastique, d'épaisseur de 0,1 à 5 mm, qui est collé ou soudé d'une part, sur la surface supérieure (115) de l'embase (1) et d'autre part, sous la surface inférieure du raidisseur. Le matériau utilisé peut être élastique d'une dureté de 10 à 85 shores A ou du matériau viscoélastique de module d'élasticité de 15 à 160 mégapascal, d'une dureté de 50 à 95 shores A et d'une valeur d'amortissement de 0,13 à 0,72. Bien entendu, ces données ne sont que des exemples de réalisation pour une température de 20 degrés et une fréquence de 15 hertz.The interface (30) is produced by a layer of a flexible material of the elastic type, and in particular of the viscoelastic type, of thickness from 0.1 to 5 mm, which is glued or welded on the one hand, to the surface upper (115) of the base (1) and secondly, under the lower surface of the stiffener. The material used can be elastic with a hardness of 10 to 85 shores A or a viscoelastic material with a modulus of elasticity of 15 to 160 megapascals, a hardness of 50 to 95 shores A and a damping value of 0.13 to 0.72. Of course, these data are only exemplary embodiments for a temperature of 20 degrees and a frequency of 15 hertz.
La fixation de l'interface (30) sur l'embase (1) et le raidisseur (2) est réalisée soit par une résine thermodurcissable du type époxyde polyester, vinylester ou polyuréthane ou un film thermoplastique tel qu'un polyamide, ou tout autre moyen.The interface (30) is fixed to the base (1) and the stiffener (2) is produced either by a thermosetting resin of the polyester, vinylester or polyurethane epoxy type or a thermoplastic film such as a polyamide, or any other way.
D'autres types de liaisons peuvent être envisagées comme celles illustrées aux figures 7 et 8. A la figure 7, la liaison entre chaque partie (20, 21) est partielle et réalisée à l'extrémité avant et arrière du raidisseur. La partie avant (20) du raidisseur est liée par son extrémité avant (203) sur une longueur l1. De même, la partie arrière (21) est liée par son extrémité arrière (213) sur une longueur l2. Les liaisons (3) dans le cas présent sont souples et réalisées par deux interfaces souples.Other types of connection can be envisaged, such as those illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. In FIG. 7, the connection between each part (20, 21) is partial and produced at the front and rear end of the stiffener. The front part (20) of the stiffener is linked by its front end (203) over a length l1. Similarly, the rear part (21) is linked by its rear end (213) over a length l2. The connections (3) in this case are flexible and produced by two flexible interfaces.
Selon d'autres variantes, la liaison (3) entre l'embase (1) et chaque partie du raidisseur (2) est partiellement rigide ; c'est-à-dire que la liaison, quand elle est rigide, ne s'étend pas sous toute la surface du raidisseur (2) pour permettre notamment un rapprochement des parties du raidisseur entre elles.According to other variants, the connection (3) between the base (1) and each part of the stiffener (2) is partially rigid; that is to say that the connection, when it is rigid, does not extend under the entire surface of the stiffener (2) to allow in particular a bringing together of the parts of the stiffener between them.
La liaison rigide (3) peut être obtenue par tout moyen tel que collage, par liaison mécanique comme des vis ou des rivets ou même par soudage, notamment par ultrasons ou par vibrations.The rigid connection (3) can be obtained by any means such as bonding, by mechanical connection such as screws or rivets or even by welding, in particular by ultrasound or by vibration.
Bien entendu, la liaison (3) entre l'embase (1) et son raidisseur (2) peut être mixte, c'est-à-dire en partie souple et en partie rigide.Of course, the connection (3) between the base (1) and its stiffener (2) can be mixed, that is to say partly flexible and partly rigid.
Les figures 8 et 8a montrent une variante intéressante de l'invention dans laquelle un dispositif d'amortissement (4) relie les deux parties (20, 21) du raidisseur. L'espace ou jeu (22) entre les deux parties (20, 21) lorsque le ski est au repos est occupé par un tampon en matériau viscoélastique ayant des propriétés amortissantes. Ainsi, le tampon se comprime à mesure que le ski est sollicité en flexion. Il est de préférence maintenu en place par collage contre les surfaces (202, 212) des parties avant et arrière du raidisseur.Figures 8 and 8a show an interesting variant of the invention in which a damping device (4) connects the two parts (20, 21) of the stiffener. The space or clearance (22) between the two parts (20, 21) when the ski is at rest is occupied by a pad of viscoelastic material having damping properties. Thus, the pad compresses as the ski is stressed in flexion. It is preferably held in place by gluing against the surfaces (202, 212) of the front and rear parts of the stiffener.
La figure 9 montre la courbe de variation de la raideur en fonction de la force appliquée en flexion. La première portion A de la courbe illustre la plage de compression du tampon (4). La raideur ne varie plus de façon linéaire en fonction de la flexion appliquée mais de façon progressive. La portion B illustre la plage d'incompressibilité du tampon (4). Dans ce cas, la raideur varie linéairement en fonction des sollicitations appliquées. Par dispositif d'amortissement, on peut également prévoir tout type de dispositif tel qu'hydraulique ou par compression de gaz, par exemple.FIG. 9 shows the variation curve of the stiffness as a function of the force applied in bending. The first portion A of the curve illustrates the compression range of the pad (4). The stiffness no longer varies linearly as a function of the flexion applied but gradually. Section B illustrates the incompressibility range of the tampon (4). In this case, the stiffness varies linearly depending on the stresses applied. By damping device, one can also provide any type of device such as hydraulic or gas compression, for example.
Les figures 10 à 11 montrent une variante des figures 8 et 8a dans lesquelles l'amortissement se fait par cisaillement d'un tampon en matériau viscoélastique reliant une première portion (205) de surface supérieure de l'une des parties (20) à une seconde portion (215) de surface inférieure de l'autre partie (21).FIGS. 10 to 11 show a variant of FIGS. 8 and 8a in which the damping is done by shearing of a pad of viscoelastic material connecting a first portion (205) of upper surface of one of the parts (20) to a second portion (215) of lower surface of the other part (21).
Le portions des surfaces (205, 215) reliées entre elles, constituent chacune la surface horizontale d'un dégagement (206, 216) réalisé dans chaque partie (20, 21) du raidisseur. Les dégagements (206, 216) permettent un emboîtement complémentaire des extrémités (204, 214) des parties du raidisseur lorsque le ski est sollicité en flexion comme le montre les figures 12 et 12a. L'effet d'amortissement peut être limité pour éviter un éventuel arrachement du tampon (4) par le contact des surfaces (202, 212) des extrémités (205, 215) des parties (20, 21) du raidisseur.The portions of the surfaces (205, 215) connected to each other, each constitute the horizontal surface of a clearance (206, 216) produced in each part (20, 21) of the stiffener. The clearances (206, 216) allow complementary fitting of the ends (204, 214) of the parts of the stiffener when the ski is stressed in bending as shown in FIGS. 12 and 12a. The damping effect can be limited to avoid a possible tearing of the pad (4) by the contact of the surfaces (202, 212) of the ends (205, 215) of the parts (20, 21) of the stiffener.
Les figures 13 à 15 illustrent une autre variante de l'invention où l'espace ou jeu (22) créé entre les deux parties (20, 21) est occupé par un système énergisant (5) offrant une force de rappel élastique aux sollicitations de flexion du ski. A titre d'exemple, le système peut être un système élastique notamment un ressort. Les efforts de flexion du ski se traduisent par un rapprochement des deux parties (20, 21) du raidisseur entre elles, qui compriment le ressort (5) et créent une force de rappel proportionnelle à l'effort de flexion exercé comme le montre la première portion A de la courbe de la figure 15. La seconde portion B montre l'effet apporté par le raidisseur lorsque la fin de la course du ressort (5) est atteint (figure 14a).Figures 13 to 15 illustrate another variant of the invention where the space or clearance (22) created between the two parts (20, 21) is occupied by an energizing system (5) offering an elastic restoring force to the stresses of bending of the ski. By way of example, the system can be an elastic system, in particular a spring. The bending forces of the ski result in a bringing together of the two parts (20, 21) of the stiffener between them, which compress the spring (5) and create a restoring force proportional to the bending force exerted as shown in the first portion A of the curve in FIG. 15. The second portion B shows the effect provided by the stiffener when the end of the stroke of the spring (5) is reached (FIG. 14a).
On peut prévoir également que le système énergisant (5) n'occupe que partiellement le jeu (22) séparant les deux parties du raidisseur. Dans ce cas, le système (5) est solidaire de l'extrémité (201) de l'une des parties. Ainsi, un jeu (22) est prévu entre le système (5), et l'extrémité (210) de l'autre partie permet une mise en fonctionnement d'un système énergisant (5) qu'à partir d'une valeur de flexion (F1) du ski déterminée (figure 17).It can also be provided that the energizing system (5) only partially occupies the clearance (22) separating the two parts of the stiffener. In this case, the system (5) is integral with the end (201) of one of the parts. Thus, a clearance (22) is provided between the system (5), and the end (210) of the other part allows an energizing system (5) to be put into operation only from a value of bending (F1) of the determined ski (FIG. 17).
D'autres systèmes élastiques peuvent être prévus et ceux décrits ne le sont qu'à titre d'exemple. Ainsi, on peut interposer entre les deux parties du raidisseur un système à plusieurs ressorts en série et de raideur différentes, par exemple.Other elastic systems can be provided and those described are only by way of example. Thus, one can interpose between the two parts of the stiffener a system with several springs in series and different stiffness, for example.
Les figures 18 et 19 montrent un perfectionnement particulièrement adapté prévoyant le montage des fixations sur le ski. Ainsi, selon ce perfectionnement, le ski comprend au moins un support (6) destiné à recevoir la ou les fixations (7) de retenue de la chaussure du skieur. Cedit support (6) a la forme d'un étrier ayant la forme d'un "U" renversé et comprend une paroi supérieure (60) prolongée latéralement et vers le bas par deux parois latérales (61, 62) pour constituer un logement (63) inférieur ayant la forme d'un profil en creux s'étendant longitudinalement destiné au passage du raidisseur (2). Il faut noter que les dimensions du logement aussi bien horizontale "l4" que verticale "h4" sont supérieures aux dimensions horizontale "l3" et verticale "h3" des parties du raidisseur pour former un espace nécessaire à la liberté de ce dernier, comme le montre la figure 19.Figures 18 and 19 show a particularly suitable improvement providing the mounting of the bindings on the ski. Thus, according to this improvement, the ski comprises at least one support (6) intended to receive the binding (s) (7) for retaining the skier's boot. Said support (6) has the shape of a stirrup having the shape of an inverted "U" and comprises an upper wall (60) extended laterally and downwards by two side walls (61, 62) to constitute a housing ( 63) lower having the shape of a longitudinally extending hollow profile intended for the passage of the stiffener (2). It should be noted that the dimensions of the housing both horizontal "l4" and vertical "h4" are greater than the horizontal dimensions "l3" and vertical "h3" of the parts of the stiffener to form a space necessary for the freedom of the latter, as the shows figure 19.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le raidisseur ne reçoit pas directement les sollicitations du skieur. Aussi, le support ou l'étrier (6) est en appui uniquement sur l'embase (1).According to a characteristic of the invention, the stiffener does not directly receive the stresses of the skier. Also, the support or the stirrup (6) is supported only on the base (1).
A cet effet, les extrémités inférieures des parois latérales du support sont reliées à la surface supérieure (115) de l'embase (1). Avantageusement, la liaison entre le support et l'embase est rigide ou souple et obtenue par exemple par collage, par soudage ou tout autre moyen, tel que mécanique.For this purpose, the lower ends of the side walls of the support are connected to the upper surface (115) of the base (1). Advantageously, the connection between the support and the base is rigid or flexible and obtained for example by gluing, welding or any other means, such as mechanical.
Le support (6) constitue l'élément mécanique de transmission et de distribution des sollicitations du skieur sur l'embase.The support (6) constitutes the mechanical element for transmitting and distributing the stresses of the skier on the base.
Selon une disposition avantageuse, (figure 21), le raidisseur (2) a une longueur "L2" inférieure à la longueur "L1" de l'embase (1). Ainsi, l'extrémité avant (203) du raidisseur se situe entre le point (119) de contact spatule de l'embase et l'extrémité avant (121) de la zone normalisée de montage des fixations. De même, l'extrémité arrière (213) du raidisseur se situe entre le point de contact arrière (122) et l'extrémité arrière (120) de la zone normalisée de montage des fixations. Ainsi, si l'embase (1) a une longueur "L1" de contact avec la neige, le raidisseur (2) a une longueur "L2" telle que "L2" soit inférieure à "L1".According to an advantageous arrangement (FIG. 21), the stiffener (2) has a length "L2" less than the length "L1" of the base (1). Thus, the front end (203) of the stiffener is located between the tip contact point (119) of the base and the front end (121) of the standardized area for mounting the fasteners. Similarly, the rear end (213) of the stiffener is located between the rear contact point (122) and the rear end (120) of the standardized area for mounting the fasteners. So if the base (1) has a length "L1" of contact with the snow, the stiffener (2) has a length "L2" such that "L2" is less than "L1".
A titre d'exemple, la longueur "L2" du raidisseur est comprise entre 50% et 80% de la longueur "L1". De plus, la position longitudinale relative du raidisseur (2) par rapport à l'embase (1) peut être variable.For example, the length "L2" of the stiffener is between 50% and 80% of the length "L1". In addition, the relative longitudinal position of the stiffener (2) relative to the base (1) can be variable.
Selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 21, le support (6) reçoit à l'avant la fixation avant (70) et s'étend vers l'arrière sur une longueur "L4" jusque sous la fixation arrière (71). Ladite fixation arrière (71) appelée communément talonnière étant elle-même fixée sur la partie arrière dudit support (6).According to the embodiment of FIG. 21, the support (6) receives at the front the front attachment (70) and extends rearward over a length "L4" as far as under the rear attachment (71). Said rear attachment (71) commonly called heel being itself fixed on the rear part of said support (6).
La figure 22 représente une variante selon laquelle le ski comprend deux supports (6) espacés l'un de l'autre, un premier support avant (6a) sur lequel est fixée la butée avant (70) de retenue de la chaussure, et un deuxième support ou support arrière (6b) sur lequel est fixée la talonnière (71).FIG. 22 represents a variant according to which the ski comprises two supports (6) spaced from one another, a first front support (6a) on which the front stop (70) for retaining the boot is fixed, and a second support or rear support (6b) on which the heel piece (71) is fixed.
Le support (6, 6a, 6b) peut être un élément injecté en matière plastique ou un élément de renfort métallique ou composite enrobé ou non d'un revêtement plastique, ou encore d'un élément en plastique pultrudé ou extrudé. A titre d'exemple, on peut citer l'emploi des polyamides ou styréniques pour la composition du support.The support (6, 6a, 6b) can be a plastic injected element or a metallic or composite reinforcing element, whether or not coated with a plastic coating, or else a pultruded or extruded plastic element. By way of example, mention may be made of the use of polyamides or styrenics for the composition of the support.
Bien entendu, le support (6, 6a, 6b) peut être d'une seule et même pièce ou être constitué de différentes pièces, voir même constitué par une partie de la fixation (7, 70, 71) correspondante.Of course, the support (6, 6a, 6b) can be in one and the same part or be made up of different parts, or even constituted by a part of the corresponding fixing (7, 70, 71).
Notons aussi que la liaison entre le support et l'embase peut être rigide mais aussi souple.Note also that the connection between the support and the base can be rigid but also flexible.
La figure 23 représente une autre variante en vue longitudinale selon laquelle chaque partie du raidisseur comprend un rétrécissement de sa hauteur h2 s'étendant sur une longueur réduite L'2 dans la région des fixations de façon à former un dégagement permettant de réduire la hauteur h4 de l'étrier et par conséquent celle des fixations (7) par rapport à la neige. De plus, la hauteur h5 de l'embase peut également varier pour former des logements, notamment dans la zone des fixations pour permettre une meilleure intégration des différents éléments, embase, raidisseur, étrier entre eux. Dans le cas présent, chaque extrémité (203, 213) de chaque partie du raidisseur s'intègre dans un logement (13) réalisé dans l'embase.FIG. 23 represents another variant in longitudinal view according to which each part of the stiffener comprises a narrowing of its height h2 extending over a reduced length L'2 in the region of the fasteners so as to form a clearance making it possible to reduce the height h4 of the stirrup and consequently that of the fixings (7) with respect to the snow. In addition, the height h5 of the base can also vary to form housings, especially in the area of the fasteners to allow better integration of the different elements, base, stiffener, stirrup between them. In the present case, each end (203, 213) of each part of the stiffener is integrated in a housing (13) produced in the base.
Les figures 24 et 25 montrent en coupe transversale le mode particulier de l'invention de la figure 22 où le raidisseur est constitué par un profilé renforcé dont la forme est évolutive longitudinalement. A la figure 25, le raidisseur a la forme d'une plaque plane au voisinage de la partie centrale de sorte que son encombrement est réduit à une hauteur h2 et une largeur l2 inférieure à la hauteur h'4 et largeur l'4 du dégagement formé par l'étrier (6).Figures 24 and 25 show in cross section the particular embodiment of the invention of Figure 22 where the stiffener is constituted by a reinforced profile whose shape is longitudinally progressive. In FIG. 25, the stiffener has the shape of a flat plate in the vicinity of the central part so that its size is reduced to a height h2 and a width l2 less than the height h'4 and width l4 of the clearance formed by the stirrup (6).
Comme l'illustre la figure 24, en dehors de la zone de l'étrier, le raidisseur à la forme d'un Oméga et présente une nervure centrale (26) dont les dimensions varient le long du ski de façon à faire varier la rigidité propre de chaque partie (20, 21) du raidisseur.As illustrated in Figure 24, outside the stirrup area, the stiffener has the shape of an Omega and has a central rib (26) whose dimensions vary along the ski so as to vary the rigidity clean of each part (20, 21) of the stiffener.
Dans le cas présent, la section de la nervure centrale (26) diminue progressivement vers l'extrémité avant de la partie avant du raidisseur et vers l'extrémité arrière de la partie arrière.In this case, the section of the central rib (26) gradually decreases towards the front end of the front part of the stiffener and towards the rear end of the rear part.
La figure 26 montre en vue longitudinale la disposition des parties (20, 21) du raidisseur (1) entre elles. L'étrier (6) a également pour fonction d'éviter le flambage des parties du raidisseur lors d'un effort de flexion important.Figure 26 shows in longitudinal view the arrangement of the parts (20, 21) of the stiffener (1) therebetween. The stirrup (6) also has the function of preventing the buckling of the parts of the stiffener during a significant bending force.
Ce mode de réalisation présente l'avantage par rapport à ceux décrits précédemment d'être facilement réalisable par la technique des TRE (Thermoplastique Renforcé Estampable), SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) ou par pultrusion par exemple. Le profilé peut être recouvert d'une couche superficielle destinée à le protéger et à recevoir éventuellement un décor (27).This embodiment has the advantage over those described above of being easily achievable by the technique of TRE (Thermoplastic Reinforced Stampable), SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) or by pultrusion for example. The profile can be covered with a surface layer intended to protect it and possibly receive a decoration (27).
La figure 27 montre en vue longitudinale une variante dans laquelle les fixations (7) sont directement solidarisées à l'une des parties (20, 21) du raidisseur. Dans le cas présent, la partie avant (20) s'étend dans la zone des fixations (7) et le jeu (22) séparant la partie avant (20) de la partie arrière (21) et se situe derrière la butée arrière (71). Pour éviter l'arrachement de la partie avant (20), on prévoit tout moyen de retenue verticale (28) permettant les mouvements de translation du raidisseur. Par moyen de retenue verticale, on entend un moyen de type glissière, rail ou autres, liant à un ou plusieurs endroits la partie du raidisseur à l'embase.Figure 27 shows in longitudinal view a variant in which the fasteners (7) are directly secured to one of the parts (20, 21) of the stiffener. In this case, the front part (20) extends in the area of the fasteners (7) and the clearance (22) separating the front part (20) from the rear part (21) and is located behind the rear stop ( 71). To avoid tearing of the front part (20), any vertical retaining means (28) are provided allowing the translational movements of the stiffener. By vertical retaining means is meant a means of the slide, rail or other type, connecting in one or more places the part of the stiffener to the base.
Les figures 28 et 29 montrent à titre d'exemple non limitatif deux ensembles différents de moyens de retenue verticale. A la figure 28, il s'agit plus particulièrement d'un étrier (28) en forme de U renversé fixé à l'embase. A la figure 29, on prévoit d'utiliser un moyen de retenue (28) de type glissière.Figures 28 and 29 show by way of nonlimiting example two different sets of vertical retaining means. In FIG. 28, it is more particularly a stirrup (28) in the shape of an inverted U fixed to the base. In FIG. 29, provision is made to use a retaining means (28) of the slide type.
On peut également envisager un réglage de la distance (d) ou du jeu (22) entre chaque partie (20, 21) du raidisseur par des moyens de réglage, tel qu'en interposant une cale incompressible entre chaque partie ou encore en prévoyant des moyens de liaison réversible entre les parties du raidisseur et l'embase afin de pouvoir modifier la distance (d) des parties du raidisseur (non représenté).One can also envisage an adjustment of the distance (d) or of the clearance (22) between each part (20, 21) of the stiffener by means of adjustment, such as by interposing an incompressible wedge between each part or even by providing reversible connection means between the parts of the stiffener and the base in order to be able to modify the distance (d) of the parts of the stiffener (not shown).
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés à titre d'exemples.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown by way of examples.
Claims (21)
- Ski comprising a first lower sub-assembly or base (1) whose front end (116) is lifted to form the spatula (117); and a second upper assembly or stiffener (2), characterized in that the upper sub-assembly (2) is formed by two separated beam portions or of a shape having a variable cross-section (20, 21), each connected to the first lower sub-assembly (1) either by a flexible linkage (3, 30) extending partially or totally between the upper sub-assembly (2) and the base (1) or by a rigid linkage (3) extending partially between the upper sub-assembly and the base, and in that the two portions are aligned along the longitudinal axis (l-l') of the ski, and are spaced from one another by a clearance (22) when the ski is at rest and the portions (20, 21) cooperate with one another when the ski is biased in flexion, beginning at a predetermined flexional value, in a manner so as to increase the stiffness of the ski.
- Ski according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffener (2) has a length "L2" less than or equal to the length "L1" of the surface of the base (1) in contact with the snow.
- Ski according to claim 2, characterized in that the length "L2" of the stiffener (2) is between 50 and 80 percent of the length "L1".
- Ski according to claim 3, characterized in that the front end of the stiffener (2) is located between the spatula contact zone (119) of the base and the front end (121) of the binding mounting zone (7, 70, 71).
- Ski according to claim 3, characterized in that the rear end (210) of the stiffener (2) is located between the zone (120) of heel contact of the base and the rear end (122) of the mounting zone of the bindings.
- Ski according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two portions (20, 21) of the stiffener are symmetrical with respect to the vertical median axis (II, II').
- Ski according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height (h2) of each portion of the stiffener is variable along the ski.
- Ski according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base (1) is a beam formed by a core (105) arranged between two reinforcements, a first upper reinforcement (101) and a second lover reinforcement (110, 111), and comprises a gliding layer (109) comprising laterally two lateral metallic running edges (107, 108), said upper reinforcement being covered at least in part by a superficial layer (112).
- Ski according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each portion of the stiffener (2) is a beam constituted by a core (23) arranged between two reinforcements, a first upper reinforcement (24), and a second lower reinforcement (25), said upper reinforcement being covered by a superficial layer (26).
- Ski according to one of claims 1-9, characterized in that each portion (20, 21) of the stiffener is constituted by a shaped element constituted by one or more layers of reinforcement and whose shape is variable along the length of the ski.
- Ski according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front portion (20) of the stiffener (2) is partially connected to the base through its front end over a length "l1".
- Ski according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear portion (21) of the stiffener (2) is partially connected to the base through its rear end over a length "l2".
- Ski according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the partial linkages of the front and rear portions are flexible.
- Ski according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that each partial linkage of the front and rear portions is rigid.
- Ski according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the front and rear portions (20, 21) of the stiffener are connected to the base (1) over their entire length by a flexible linkage.
- Ski according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two portions (20, 21) of the stiffener are connected by a shock absorption apparatus (4).
- Ski according to claim 16, characterized in that the shock absorption apparatus (4) occupies the free space (22) between the two portions of the stiffener.
- Ski according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the shock absorption apparatus (4) is constituted of a damper made of a material having viscoelastic properties.
- Ski according to one of claims 1-15, characterized in that the free space between the two portions (20, 21) of the stiffener is occupied partially by a longitudinal energizing system (5).
- Ski according to one of claims 1-15, characterized in that the free space (22) between the two portions of the stiffener is occupied entirely by a spring (5) of length equal to the distance (d) separating the two portions.
- Ski according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one support or stirrup (6, 6a, 6b) connected to the base (1) and adapted to receive the bindings (7, 70, 71) for the maintenance of the boot on the ski.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9204190A FR2689411B1 (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1992-04-01 | SKI COMPRISING A BASE AND A TWO-PART STIFFENER CONNECTED TO THE BASE. |
FR9204190 | 1992-04-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0563569A1 EP0563569A1 (en) | 1993-10-06 |
EP0563569B1 true EP0563569B1 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP93102816A Expired - Lifetime EP0563569B1 (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1993-02-24 | Ski comprising a base and a stiffner in two parts connected to the base |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US5435588A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0563569B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0767495B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE136803T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69302208T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2689411B1 (en) |
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FR2569117B1 (en) * | 1984-08-17 | 1986-11-21 | Salomon Sa | SECURITY FASTENER FOR SKI AND SKI PROVIDED WITH SUCH A FASTENER |
FR2575393A1 (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-04 | Rossignol Sa | SNOW SKI |
DE3527996C2 (en) * | 1985-08-03 | 1994-06-23 | Mankau Dieter | Ski with compensating elements |
AT387724B (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1989-03-10 | Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik | SKI |
FR2602979B1 (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1990-09-21 | Salomon Sa | SHOCK ABSORBER AND VIBRATION DEVICE BETWEEN A SKI AND THE ATTACHMENT OF THE SHOE |
DE8701008U1 (en) * | 1987-01-22 | 1987-03-05 | Fischer, Herwig, 5144 Wegberg | ski |
AT391088B (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1990-08-10 | Head Sportgeraete Gmbh | SKI WITH DAMPING LAYERS |
AT394811B (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1992-06-25 | Head Sportgeraete Gmbh | SKI |
AT400524B (en) * | 1988-10-10 | 1996-01-25 | Atomic Austria Gmbh | SKI |
DE3840553A1 (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-07 | Blizzard Gmbh | SKIING WITH A DAMPING ELEMENT |
FR2649902B1 (en) * | 1989-07-18 | 1992-07-03 | Rossignol Sa | ADDITIONAL DEVICE FOR SKIING ALLOWING THE MOUNTING OF A SET OF FIXINGS OF A SHOE ON A SKI |
US5156413A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1992-10-20 | Juhasz Paul R | Ski device |
FR2654636A1 (en) * | 1989-11-22 | 1991-05-24 | Salomon Sa | Multipurpose device for mounting a boot on a ski |
IT1242728B (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1994-05-17 | Nordica Spa | SKI STRUCTURE. |
CH684313A5 (en) * | 1990-08-07 | 1994-08-31 | Varpat Patentverwertung | Plate-shaped damping device for a ski binding |
DE9017486U1 (en) * | 1990-12-27 | 1992-01-30 | Marker Deutschland GmbH, 8116 Eschenlohe | Support plate for a safety ski binding |
ATE182482T1 (en) * | 1990-12-27 | 1999-08-15 | Marker Deutschland Gmbh | SKI WITH A STIFFNESS ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM USING HYDRAULICS |
FR2675392B1 (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1995-06-23 | Salomon Sa | DAMPING DEVICE FOR SKIING. |
US5280942A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1994-01-25 | Ruffinengo Piero G | Apparatus for selectively varying the stiffness of a ski |
US5269555A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-12-14 | Ruffinengo Piero G | Modification of the flexibility of skis |
FR2678517B1 (en) * | 1991-07-04 | 1993-10-15 | Salomon Sa | IMPROVEMENT FOR SKI DAMPING DEVICE. |
FR2689775B1 (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-07-08 | Salomon Sa | INTERFACE DEVICE BETWEEN A SKI AND FIXING ELEMENTS, PARTICULARLY ALPINE FIXING. |
-
1992
- 1992-04-01 FR FR9204190A patent/FR2689411B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-02-24 EP EP93102816A patent/EP0563569B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-24 AT AT93102816T patent/ATE136803T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-24 DE DE69302208T patent/DE69302208T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-29 US US08/039,582 patent/US5435588A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-31 JP JP5073079A patent/JPH0767495B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2689411A1 (en) | 1993-10-08 |
JPH0623083A (en) | 1994-02-01 |
EP0563569A1 (en) | 1993-10-06 |
DE69302208D1 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
DE69302208T2 (en) | 1996-08-29 |
JPH0767495B2 (en) | 1995-07-26 |
US5435588A (en) | 1995-07-25 |
FR2689411B1 (en) | 1994-06-03 |
ATE136803T1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
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