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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M167/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
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  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
  • C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
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  • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
  • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
  • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
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  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
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  • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
  • C10M143/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing butene
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  • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M159/12—Reaction products
  • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
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  • C10M159/12—Reaction products
  • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
  • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
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  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
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  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
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  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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Definitions

• This invention relates to a discovery that a borated aromatic polyol having at least one aromatic ring and at least two hydroxyl groups and wherein at least two of the hydroxy1 groups are on adjacent carbpn atoms on the
• aromatic ring can serve to inhibit fluorocarbon engine seal deterioration in the presence of basic nitrogen.
• R is a polyisobutylene
• polyamine such as tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) or
• TETA triethylenetetramine
• TBN Total Base Number
• Additive is also concerned, in part, with the use of succinimides as lube oil additives.
• Anderson recognizes in Col. 2, lines 28 et seq. that lube additives prepared from "long chain aliphatic polyamines", i.e., succinimides "are excellent lube oil additives.”
• succinimides are "inferior to additives where the alkylene polyamine is hydroxylated” (Col.2, lines 31 - 32).
• Such hydroxylated polyamine based succinimides "have the drawback that they tend to attack engine seals particularly those of the fluorocarbon polymer type" (Col. 2, lines 35-37).
• Anderson solves his fluorocarbon polymer seal compatibility problem by directly borating his hydroxylated polyamine based succinimides. Anderson fails to teach or suggest any solution to the fluorocarbon seal compatibility problem when using unhydroxylated polyamine based succinimides. In fact, Anderson teaches that boration of the unhydroxylated succinimides failed to solve the problem (Col. 3, lines 3 to 5). What is desired and needed is a separate additive to use with other lube oil additives containing basic nitrogen which will serve to inhibit the deterioration of engine seals of the fluorocarbon polymer type.
• an additive comprising a borated aromatic polyol having at least one aromatic ring and at least two hydroxyl groups and wherein at least two of said hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms on said aromatic ring, has been discovered for use in lubricating oils containing basic nitrogen, the borated aromatic polyol being used at an effective amount to improve the compatibility of the lubricating oil towards fluorocarbon engine seals.
• this invention relates to a
• lubricating oil composition suitable for use in engines containing fluorocarbon seals comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity which has basic nitrogen and an effective amount to compatibilize the oil and the fluorocarbon seals of a borated aromatic polyol having at least one aromatic ring and at least two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbon atoms on said aromatic ring.
• a borated aromatic polyol having at least one aromatic ring and at least two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbon atoms on said aromatic ring.
• the borated aromatic polyol such as borated catechol, is believed to complex with the basic nitrogen.
• the borated alkyl catechols of Liston are those where the alkyl group has from 10 to 30 carbon atoms (Col. 2, lines 22 et seq.).
• a method for improving the compatibility of a lubricating oil containing basic nitrogen to fluorocarbon seals in engines which comprises adding to said lubricating oil a compatibilizing amount of the borated aromatic polyols of this invention.
• the Figure is a graphic representation of the change in dispersion units of a reference oil containing a alkylcatechol borate versus the number of carbon atoms inthe alkyl group of the alkylcatechol borate.
• the additive for use in the compositions of this invention is a borated aromatic polyol having at least one aromatic ring and at least two hydroxyl groups and wherein at least two of said hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms on an aromatic ring.
• the aromatic polyol is a single ring aromatic having from 2 to 3 hydroxyl groups and wherein two of the hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms on the aromatic ring. More preferably the aromatic polyol has the following formula:
• R' and R" can be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of -OH; hydrogen; alkyl group having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
• One subclass of preferred aromatic polyols are those having the formula: where R"' is selected from the group consisting of H; OH; or an alkyl group having from 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 6 and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. While all catechol borates, as the data later show, can be expected to compatibilize the oil with the fluorocarbon polymer seals, catechol borates without any alkyl groups, or those carrying a short chain alkyl group of 1-8 carbons, were unexpectedly found by the dispersancy blotter spot test, to be discussed later, to be effective in enhancing the overall dispersancy, while alkylcatechol borates carrying long alkyl groups surprisingly showed a loss in the overall dispersancy.
• mixtures of aromatic polyols as described above can be employed, the higher carbon number alkylated catechols tending to solubilize the lower molecular weight catechols in the lubricating oil.
• alkylcatechol borates having an alkyl group of ten carbon atoms or longer can be used effectively to enhance the solubility of catechol borate in a reference oil, and the overall loss in dispersancy of the higher alkylcatechol borates can be offset by the addition of the lower alkylcatechol borate or catechol borate which has a positive effect on the overall dispersancy.
• the most effective ratio to use for optimum results is a matter of simple experimentation.
• aromatic polyols which can be used to prepare the borated aromatic polyols for use in this invention include, but are not limited to: Catechol
• Dialkyl (C 18 -C 2 4) catechol The aromatic polyols useful in preparing the additives of this invention are well known in the art and many are commercially available.
• the alkyl catechols may be prepared, for example, as described in U.S.P. 4,629,578 whose teachings are incorporated herein by reference.
• aromatic polyols are borated by methods well known in the art, see for example U.S.P. 4,975,211 and U.S.P.
• the preferred boron compound to employ in the boration reaction is boric acid.
• the borated compounds used in the working examples in this application were either prepared via published procedures in U.S.P. 4,975,211; and U.S.P. 4,629,578, or were
• Z can be hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 8.
• Preferred is boric acid (B(OH) 3 ).
• compositions of this invention is catechol borate.
• Catechol borate is a general term which has been used in the literature to describe any catechol-boric acid complex or reaction product.
• the exact structure of the product, however, is dictated largely by stoichiometry (charge molar ratio of reactants).
• the extent of the reaction is most conveniently followed by the amount of water of reaction collected in a Dean-Stark trap using some appropriate organic azeotroping solvent such as toluene, o-xylene, m- xylene, p-xylene, xylene mixture, and etc. All of
• the amount of the borated aromatic polyol to use in the compositions of this invention is that amount which is sufficient to improve the compatibility of the basic nitrogen containing additives in the lube oil base stock towards fluorocarbon engine seals.
• the amount of borated aromatic polyol to add is at least the stoichiometric amount required to react or to passivate the basic nitrogen atoms present, although depending on the circumstances, the amount of boron added can be greater or less than the stoichiometric amount of available basic nitrogen. When less than the
• the weight percent of said borated aromatic polyol is at least about 0.15 weight percent of the lube oil composition, more usually 0.5 to 5 weight percent although amounts to 10 weight percent or more can be used.
• the borated aromatic polyols of this invention are useful in complexing with basic nitrogen in the lubricating oil so as to compatibilize the lubricating oil with the
• the oil soluble alkenyl or alkyl mono- or bis-succinimides which are employed in this invention are generally known as lubricating oil detergents and are described in U.S. Pat Nos. 2,992,708, 3,018,291, 3,024,237, 3,100,673, 3,219,666, 3,172,892 and 3,272,746, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the alkenyl succinimides are the reaction product of a polyolefin polymer- substituted succinic anhydride with an amine, preferably a polyalkylene polyamine.
• the polyolefin polymer-substituted succinic anhydrides are obtained by reaction of a
• a product comprising predominantly mono- or bis-succinimide can be prepared by controlling the molar ratios of the reactants.
• a predominantly mono- succinimide product will be prepared.
• two moles of the succinic anhydride are reacted per mole of polyamine, a bis-succinimide will be prepared.
• compositions of this invention are obtained when the alkenyl succinimide is a mono- or a bis-succinimide prepared from a polyisobutene-substituted succinic
• the polyisobutene (from which the polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride is prepared) is obtained by polymerizing isobutene and can vary widely in its composition.
• the average number of carbon atoms can range from 30 or less to 250 or more, with a resulting number average molecular weight of about 400 or less to 3,000 or more.
• the average number of carbon atoms per polyisobutene molecule will range from about 50 to about 100 with the polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight of about 600 to about 1,500.
• the average number of carbon atoms per polyisobutene molecule ranges from about 60 to about 90, and the number average molecular weight ranges from about 800 to 1,300.
• the polyisobutene is reacted with maleic anhydride according to well-known procedures to yield the polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,388,471 and 4,450,281.
• the substituted succinic anhydride is reacted with a polyalkylene polyamine to yield the corresponding succinimide.
• Each alkylene radical of the polyalkylene polyamine usually has up to about 8 carbon atoms.
• the number of alkylene radicals can range up to about 8.
• the alkylene radical is exemplified by ethylene, propylene, butylene, trimethylene,
• the number of amino groups generally, but not necessarily, is one greater than the number of alkylene radicals present in the amine, i.e., if a
• polyalkylene polyamine contains 3 alkylene radicals, it will usually contain 4 amino
• the number of amino radicals can range up to about 9.
• the alkylene radical contains from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms and all amine groups are primary or secondary. In this case, the number of amine groups exceeds the number of alkylene groups by 1.
• the polyalkylene polyamine contains from 3 to 5 amine groups.
• Specific examples of the polyalkylene polyamines include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, propylenediamine,
• tripropylenetetramine tetraethylenepentamine
• trimethylenediamine pentaethylenehexamine, di- (trimethylene)triamine, tri(hexamethylene)tetramine, etc.
• Other amines suitable for preparing the alkenyl succinimide useful in this invention include the cyclic amines such as piperazine, morpholine and dipiperazines.
• alkenyl succinimides used in the alkenyl succinimides used in the alkenyl succinimides
• compositions of this invention have the following formula:
• R 1 represents an alkenyl group, preferably a
• substantially saturated hydrocarbon prepared by polymerizing aliphatic monoolefins and preferably R 1 is prepared from isobutene and has an average number of carbon atoms and a number average molecular weight as described above;
• the "Alkylene" radical represents a substantially straight chain hydrocarbyl group containing up to about 8 carbon atoms and preferably containing from about 2 to 4 carbon atoms as described hereinabove;
• A represents a hydrocarbyl group, an amine- substituted hydrocarbyl group, or hydrogen; the hydrocarbyl group and the amine-substituted hydrocarbyl groups are generally the alkyl and amino-substituted alkyl analogs of the alkylene radicals described above; and preferably "A” represents hydrogen; and d.
• n represents an integer of from about 1 to 10, and preferably from about 3 to 5 inclusive.
• the alkenyl succinimide is present in the lubricating oil compositions useful in this invention in an amount
• the weight percent succinimide is from 1 to 20 weight percent of the finished lubricating oil, usually from 2 to 15 weight percent and preferably from 1 to 10 weight percent of the total composition.
• the complex may be formed by reacting the borated alkyl catechol and the succinimide together neat at a temperature above the melting point of the mixture of reactants and below the decomposition temperature, or in a diluent in which both reactants are soluble.
• the borated alkyl catechol and the succinimide together neat at a temperature above the melting point of the mixture of reactants and below the decomposition temperature, or in a diluent in which both reactants are soluble.
• reactants may be combined in the proper ratio in the absence of a solvent to form a homogeneous product which may be added to the oil or the reactants may be combined in the proper ratio in a solvent such as toluene or
• the complex may be prepared in a lubricating oil as a concentrate containing from about 20 to 90% by weight of the complex, which concentrate may be added in appropriate amounts to the lubricating oil in which it is to be used or the complex may be prepared directly in the lubricating oil in which it is to be used.
• the diluent is preferably inert to the reactants and products formed and is used in an amount sufficient to ensure solubility of the reactants and to enable the mixture to be efficiently stirred.
• Temperatures for preparing the complex may be in the range of from 25°C to 200°C and preferably 25°C to 100°C
• the complexes of this invention may also be used in combination with other additive systems in
• the base composition described above will be formulated with supplementary additives to provide the necessary stability, detergency, dispersancy, anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties.
• reacting the borated alkyl catechols and succinimides may contain an alkali or alkaline earth metal phenate, and Group II metal salt dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate.
• succinimides act as excellent dispersants
• additional succinimide may be added to the lubricating oil compositions, above the amounts added in the form of the complex with the borated alkyl catechols.
• the amount of succinimides can range up to about 20% by weight of the total lubricating oil compositions.
• the alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl sulfonates may be either petroleum sulfonate, synthetically alkylated aromatic sulfonates, or aliphatic sulfonates such as those derived from polyisobutylene.
• One of the more important functions of the sulfonates is to act as a detergent and dispersant.
• the sulfonates are well known in the art.
• hydrocarbyl group must have a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the sulfonate molecule oil soluble.
• the hydrocarbyl portion has at least 20 carbon atoms and may be aromatic or aliphatic, but is usually alkylaromatic. Most preferred for use are calcium, magnesium or barium sulfonates which are aromatic in character.
• Certain sulfonates are typically prepared by sulfonating a petroleum fraction having aromatic groups, usually mono- or dialkylbenzene groups, and then forming the metal salt of the sulfonic acid material.
• Other feedstocks used for preparing these sulfonates include synthetically alkylated benzenes and aliphatic hydrocarbons prepared by
• polyisobutenyl group prepared by polymerizing isobutene.
• the metallic salts are formed directly or by metathesis using well-known procedures.
• the sulfonates may be neutral or overbased having base numbers up to about 44 or more. Carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide or oxide are the most commonly used material to produce the basic or overbased sulfonates. Mixtures of neutral and overbased sulfonates may be used.
• sulfonates are ordinarily used so as to provide from 0.3% to 10% by weight of the total composition.
• the neutral sulfonates are present from 0.4% to 5% by weight of the total composition and the overbased sulfonates are present from 0.3% to 33% by weight of the total
• the phenates for use in this invention are those
• the phenates functions of the phenates is to act as a detergent and dispersant. Among other things, it prevents the deposit of contaminants formed during high temperature operation of the engine.
• the phenols may be mono- or polyalkylated.
• the alkyl portion of the alkyl phenate is present to lend oil solubility to the phenate.
• the alkyl portion can be obtained from naturally occurring or synthetic sources. Naturally occurring sources include petroleum hydrocarbons such as white oil and wax. Being derived from petroleum, the hydrocarbon moiety is a mixture of different
• hydrocarbyl groups the specific composition of which depends upon the particular oil stock which was used as a starting material.
• Suitable synthetic sources include various commercially available alkenes and alkane
• Suitable radicals obtained include butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, eicosyl,
• alkyl radical examples include olefin polymers such as polypropylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene and the like.
• the alkyl group can be straight-chained or branch-chained, saturated or unsaturated (if unsaturated, preferably containing not more than 2 and generally not more than 1 site of olefinic unsaturation).
• the alkyl radicals will generally contain from 4 to 30 carbon atoms. Generally when the phenol is monoalkyl-substituted, the alkyl radical should contain at least 8 carbon atoms.
• the phenate may be sulfurized if desired. It may be either neutral or
• overbased and if overbased will have a base number of up to 200 to 300 or more. Mixtures of neutral and overbased phenates may be used.
• the phenates are ordinarily present in the oil to provide from 0.2% to 27% by weight of the total composition.
• the neutral phenates are present from 0.2% to 9% by weight of the total composition and the overbased phenates are present from 0.2 to 13% by weight of the total composition. Most preferably, the overbased phenates are present from 0.2% to 5% by weight of the total composition.
• Preferred metals are calcium, magnesium, strontium or barium.
• the sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenates are preferred. These salts are obtained by a variety of processes such as treating the neutralization product of an alkaline earth metal base and an alkylphenol with sulfur. Conveniently the sulfur, in elemental form, is added to the neutralization product and reacted at elevated temperatures to produce the sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate.
• basicity can be obtained by adding carbon dioxide to the basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate.
• the excess alkaline earth metal base can be added subsequent to the sulfurization step but is conveniently added at the same time as the alkaline earth metal base is added to neutralize the phenol.
• Carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide or oxide are the most commonly used materials to produce the basic or "overbased" phenates.
• a process wherein basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenates are produced by adding carbon dioxide is shown in Hanneman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,178,368.
• the Group II metal salts of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acids exhibit wear, antioxidant and thermal stability properties.
• Group II metal salts of phosphorodithioic acids have been described previously. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,390,080, columns 6 and 7, wherein these compounds and their preparation are described generally.
• the Group II metal salts of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acids useful in the lubricating oil composition of this invention contain from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms in each of the hydrocarbyl radicals and may be the same or different and may be aromatic, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
• Preferred hydrocarbyl groups are alkyl groups containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and are represented by butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, isohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl and the like.
• the metals suitable for forming these salts include barium, calcium, strontium, zinc and cadmium, of which zinc is preferred.
• the Group II metal salt of a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid has the following formula:
• R 2 and R 3 each independently represent hydrocarbyl radicals as described immediately above, and f. M 1 represents a Group II metal cation as described above.
• the dithiophosphoric salt is present in the lubricating oil compositions of this invention in an amount effective to inhibit wear and oxidation of the lubricating oil.
• the amount ranges from about 0.1 to about 4 percent by weight of the total composition, preferably the salt is present in an amount ranging from about 0.2 to about 2.5 percent by weight of the total lubricating oil composition.
• the final lubricating oil composition will ordinarily contain 0.025 to 0.25% by weight phosphorus and preferably 0.05 to 0.15% by weight.
• the finished lubricating oil may be single or multigrade.
• Multigrade lubricating oils are prepared by adding
• VI improvers viscosity index improvers.
• Typical viscosity index improvers are polyalkyl methacrylates, ethylene-propylene copolymers, styrene-diene copolymers and the like. So-called decorated VI improvers having both viscosity index and dispersant properties are also suitable for use in the formulations of this invention.
• the lubricating oil used in the compositions of this invention may be a mineral oil or a synthetic oil of lubricating viscosity, preferably suitable for use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine.
• Crankcase lubricating oils ordinarily have a viscosity of about 1300 cSt at 0°F. (-18°C.) to 22.7 cSt at 210°F. (99°C).
• the lubricating oils may be derived from synthetic or natural sources.
• Mineral oil for use as the base oil in this invention includes paraffinic, naphthenic and other oils that are ordinarily used in lubricating oil compositions. Synthetic oils include both hydrocarbon synthetic oils and synthetic esters.
• Useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils include liquid polymers of alpha olefins having the proper viscosity. Especially useful are the hydrogenated liquid oligomers of C 6-12 alpha olefins such as 1-decene trimer, tetramer, and higher oligomers. Likewise, alkyl benzenes of proper viscosity, such as didodecyl benzene, can be used.
• Useful synthetic esters include the esters of both monocarboxylie acid and polycarboxylic acids as well as monohydroxy alkanols and polyols.
• Typical examples are didodecyl adipate, pentaerythritol tetracaproate, di-2- ethylhexyl adipate, dilaurylsebacate and the like.
• Complex esters prepared from mixtures of mono and dicarboxylic acid and mono and dihydroxy alkanols can also be used.
• Blends of hydrocarbon oils with synthetic oils are also useful. For example, blends of 10 to 25 weight percent hydrogenated 1-decene trimer with 75 to 90 weight percent 33 cSt at 100°F. (38°C.) mineral oil gives an excellent lubricating oil base.
• Other additives which may be present in the formulation include rust inhibitors, foam inhibitors, corrosion
• the candidate additives were tested for their compatibility in a bench test (PV3334) by suspending a fluorocarbon coupon (AK6) in an oil solution heated at 150°C for 96 hours (4 days) followed by measuring a change in the physical properties of the specimen, particularly the tensile strength (TS), and the percent elongation to break (EL) in accordance with DIN53504 procedure, and observing whether any cracks had developed at 120% elongation (CR).
• a passing test criteria included the following: no
• the baseline formulation used for testing a fluorocarbon coupon contained a dispersant (6% by weight), i.e., either a mono- or bis-succinimide; an overbased calcium
• hydrocarbyl sulfonate (30 mmol/kg); an overbased calcium phenate (20 mmol/kg); mixed primary and secondary zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (22.5 mmol/kg); and ethylene-propylene copolymer viscosity index improver (13% by weight) in 150N Exxon base oil.
• borated additives were tested, these were added in appropriate percentages as top treats on top of the baseline formulation above.
• Examples 1-4 are base runs and show that the presence of mono- or bis-succinimides alone in the formulation without borated aromatic polyols, lack
• borated t-butyl catechol results in passivation of the basic nitrogen (Ex 13) using bis-succinimides but fails using the mono-succinimides (Ex 14).
• Examples 27 and 28 in Table 2 below show that increasing the concentration of the borated t-butyl catechol to 2% results in a "PASS" with the mono-succinimide.
• Examples 15-19 show that using only 1 weight percent of several different alkylated borated catechols within the scope of the invention is insufficient to passivate the fluorocarbon elastomers. Examples in Table 2 below show that increasing the concentrations of such catechols results in a PASS.
• aromatic polyol as defined in this invention is observed.
• borating the bis-succinimide (Ex 36) is not successful, confirming the teachings of Anderson in Column 3, lines 3-5 of his U.S.P. 4,873,009 referred to above.
• the boration and use of other hydroxy containing structures also fails as seen in Examples 37 through 45.
• Examples 5, 46 and 47 show that the aromatic polyol can be a single (Ex 5) or condensed ring (Ex 47) aromatic as long as two hydroxy groups are present on adjacent aromatic ring carbon atoms (Compare Examples 5 and 46, which were
• Example 45 which was unsuccessful due to the hydroxy groups being on non-adjacent aromatic ring carbon atoms).
• the presence of an additional hydroxy group on the ring is acceptable (See Example 46).
• the reference oil formulation contained 3.5% dispersant, 50 mmol/kg calcium as hydrocarbyl sulfonates, 17 mmol/kg zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, and 6.8% viscosity index improver in Chevron 100N base oil.
• the oxidation test employed herein measures the resistance of the test sample to oxidation using pure oxygen with a Dornte-type oxygen absorption apparatus [R. W. Dornte, "Oxidation of White Oils," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 28 p. 26 (1936)].
• the conditions are: an atmosphere of pure oxygen exposed to the test oil, an oil temperature of 340° F.
• Example 4 of U.S. Patent 4,199,462 Column 7, lines 13 et seq.
• the Test set forth in Example 4 of the '462 Patent has been modified for the seventh series of runs to be discussed below.
• the hot spots are made as soon as the tube is removed from the bath at 200°C.
• the “spot” consists of an inner darker circle of diameter "d” surrounded by a translucent area soaked with basic oil and forming a larger circle of diameter "D.”
• d:D For each spot, the ratio d:D is calculated and multiplied by 100. The "best" dispersion would be where d:D equals 1 for each spot to give a combined maximum of 600
• the purpose of the seventh series of runs was to compare the dispersive properties of (1) catechol borate (2) butyl catechol borate and (3) a long-chain (average C 22 ) alkyl catechol borate with the reference SAE30 oil containing the sludge.
• Catechol borate showed a gain of about 50 units over the reference value of 396.
• t-Butyl catechol borate showed a gain of about 18 units while the long chain alkyl catechol borate showed a loss of about 25 units.
• Figure is a plot of these data with the carbon number of the alkyl group on the x-axis and a loss or gain in
• alkylcatechol borates with alkyl groups below 10 carbon i.e., 8 or 9 should not only provide passing results in the VW Bench Test, but also offer no loss in the overall dispersancy, a quite unexpected result.
• catechol borate has the advantages set forth above, it and the lower alkyl catechol borates have low solubility in base oils.
• catechol borate was soluble only to the extent of about 0.3 weight percent or less.
• catechol borate was soluble only to the extent of about ⁇ 0.3%, but this value was exceeded by adding an alkylcatechol containing a long (avg C22) alkyl group.

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