EP0561376A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour brûler des gaz pauvres - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour brûler des gaz pauvres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0561376A2 EP0561376A2 EP93104344A EP93104344A EP0561376A2 EP 0561376 A2 EP0561376 A2 EP 0561376A2 EP 93104344 A EP93104344 A EP 93104344A EP 93104344 A EP93104344 A EP 93104344A EP 0561376 A2 EP0561376 A2 EP 0561376A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- combustion
- chamber
- apertures
- poor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 that is Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/21—Burners specially adapted for a particular use
- F23D2900/21003—Burners specially adapted for a particular use for heating or re-burning air or gas in a duct
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for burning poor gases by means of a gas which supports combustion, and to the combustion apparatus.
- the temperature of the exhaust gases from the turbine is increased by suitable burners, so called “duct burners” inserted in the exhaust duct from the turbine upstream of the recovery boiler.
- duct burners inserted in the exhaust duct from the turbine upstream of the recovery boiler.
- a method for burning the poor gas in a gas turbine is also known.
- the poor gas is previously mixed with gas from a coke plant, possibly mixed with gas from a converter for the production of steel.
- the mixture is then burnt together with about 24% of natural gas.
- the exhaust fumes are in turn then sent to a boiler for the recovery of the residual heat, producing steam at about 490°C, but resulting in a low efficiency in the steam turbine downstream.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for achieving combustion of poor gases by means of a gas which supports combustion; this method and apparatus should be of the maximum simplicity and safety in operation so as to eliminate the disadvantages listed above of the prior art.
- a further object of the invention is to use the exhaust fumes from a gas turbine directly as the combustion supporter for the poor gases.
- the method of the invention which is characterised in that it includes the following steps: supplying a flow of the gas which supports combustion to a combustion chamber in a predetermined direction and sense; at least in a preliminary phase in which a pilot flame is ignited in the chamber, directing the pilot flame in the said direction and sense; and supplying a flow of the poor gas to the chamber towards the pilot flame in a direction substantially transverse the said predetermined direction.
- the apparatus for carrying out this method is characterised in that it includes a burner for a pilot flame located in a combustion chamber and arranged to direct the pilot flame in a predetermined direction and sense, and means for supplying a flow of the poor gas to the chamber towards the pilot flame in a direction substantially transverse the predetermined direction.
- the combustion apparatus enables a poor gas, for example the product of an iron-working plant, such as a blast furnace, to be burnt with the use of the exhaust gases or fumes from a gas turbine as the combustion-supporting gas.
- a poor gas for example the product of an iron-working plant, such as a blast furnace
- the combustion apparatus also enables other types of poor gas such as, for example, those produced by the atmospheric gasification of carbon or biomasses, to be burnt.
- a pilot or support flame is used and is produced by burning a relatively rich gas, that is, a gas having an average-high calorific value such as coke plant gas or methane.
- the pilot flame is obtained with the same combustion-support gas as in the gas turbine exhaust.
- a combustion chamber for poor gases is generally indicated 6 and has a substantially square or rectangular section defined by a pair of longitudinal walls 7 and a pair of transverse walls 8.
- the chamber 6 is connected in the usual duct which conveys the combustion-support gas, normally constituted by the exhaust gases or fumes from a gas turbine.
- the combustion-support gas is supplied in parallel with the walls 7 and 8 in a pre-determined direction and sense indicated by the arrows C.
- the walls 7 and 8 may be vertical and the poor gas may be supplied upwardly as shown in the drawings.
- the walls 7 and/or 8 may be inclined or horizontal, whereby the path of the combustion gas will be correspondingly inclined or horizontal.
- a linear burner generally indicated 9 is located on the centre line of the chamber 6, parallel to the walls 7, and is arranged to produce a pilot flame 19 (Figure 3) which burns coke plant gas.
- the burner 9 may be of modular type, one module of which is indicated 9' in the drawing, so that if a series of modules 9' is placed end to end, a burner 9 of any length may be obtained.
- the burner 9 ( Figure 2) of known type and constituted by four modules, is constituted essentially by a tubular duct 11 which is provided along a generatrix with a series of holes or nozzles 12 (see also Figure 3) mutually spaced at a predetermined distance.
- a module 9' may contain four nozzles 12.
- the duct 11 is located within a channel 13 of upside-down U shape, whose transverse wall 14 has a series of holes 15 aligned with the nozzles 12.
- the burner 9 also includes a pair of flame-distribution screens 16 symmetrical with each other.
- Each screen 16 includes a portion 17 parallel to the portion 17 of the other screen 16 and a portion 18 inclined so as to space the portion 17 from the duct 11.
- the two portions 17 are mutually spaced at a predetermined distance S, for example about 180mm.
- the burner 9 is located with the duct 11 parallel to the walls 7 on the centre line of the section of the chamber 6.
- the burner 9 is also oriented so that the holes 15 generate pilot flames 19 in the direction and in the sense of the arrows C.
- the fuel constituted by the poor gas for example that produced by a blast furnace, is supplied to the combustion chamber 6 through a pair of distributor casings 21 fixed to the two walls 7 of the chamber 6.
- Each casing 21 is supplied through four inlet tubes 22 perpendicular to the duct 11 and communicates with the chamber 6 through a series of through-apertures 23.
- These are preferably rectangular or square in shape, equidistant from each other and disposed at a height corresponding to the pilot flame 19 so that the flow of poor gas is supplied in a direction P transverse the direction of supply C of the combustion support gas.
- a respective fixed fin 26 is fixed to the lower edge 24 of each aperture 23 and extends into the chamber 6. Moreover there is a common bar 28 in correspondence with the upper edges 27 of the apertures 23. Hence the fins 26 are disposed on those edges 24 of the apertures 23 which are upstream with respect to the direction C of flow of the combustion-support gas while the bar 28 is disposed on the downstream edges 27.
- the two series of fins 26 enable the poor combustible gas to mix effectively with the combustion-support gas before it reaches the flame 19. Moreover, together with the two bars 28, they promote the penetration of the combustion-support gas to the pilot flame 19 which is obtained with the same combustion-support gas as that used to burn the poor gas, that is with the exhaust gas from the turbine.
- the size of the chamber 6 and the dimensions of the apertures 23, the fins 26 and the bars 28 are selected according to the characteristics of the gases in the two flows.
- a distance D between each wall 7 and the corresponding vertical portion 17 of the screen 16 of between 3 and 5 times the height A of the apertures 23 may, to advantage, be chosen.
- the length L of the fixed fins 26 may in turn, to advantage, be between 0.3 and 0.6 times the distance D, while the width T of the bar 28 may be between 0.15 and 0.5 times the length L of the fins 26. Consequently, the width T may be between 1/15 and 1/5 of the distance D.
- the system no longer needs the pilot flame 19 to support the combustion of the poor gas.
- the supply of coke plant gas may then be stopped automatically in any known manner, either in dependence on the temperature reached or when a predetermined period of time has lapsed after the ignition.
- each aperture 23 has an associated series of auxiliary fins 29 which are normally in an inactive position such as that shown by the broken lines in Figure 3. These are moved into their active positions shown in Figures 3 to 5 when, for any reason, the flow of exhaust gases from the turbine stops and it is wished to replace the combustion-support gas with ambient air containing 21% oxygen. This air is generally at ambient temperature but if the mixture of combustible gas had too low a calorific value, it could be pre-heated to increase the efficiency of the combustion process.
- the auxiliary fins 29 are moved by a corresponding bar 31 which is rotatable on at least two supports 32 carried by two pillars 33 fixed to each wall 7.
- the bar 31 is also rotatable on two other supports carried by the walls 8.
- the auxiliary fins 29 have the same spacing and substantially the same width as the corresponding series of fixed fins 26 while their length may, to advantage, be between 0.8 and 1.2 times the length L of the fixed fins 26.
- each bar 31 projects from the front wall 8 and is fixed to a handgrip 34 which is manually operable to rotate the bar 31 so as to dispose the auxiliary fins 29 of the corresponding series substantially coplanar with the fixed fins 26.
- a handgrip 34 which is manually operable to rotate the bar 31 so as to dispose the auxiliary fins 29 of the corresponding series substantially coplanar with the fixed fins 26.
- the combustion apparatus achieves a method of combustion including at least the following operations: the supply of a flow of combustion-support gas into the combustion chamber 6 in a predetermined direction and sense C; the lighting of a pilot flame 19 in the chamber 6 at least in a preliminary ignition phase, the pilot flame 19 being directed in the direction and sense C; and the supply of a flow of poor gas into the chamber 6 towards the pilot flame 19 in a direction substantially transverse the direction C.
- the pilot flame 19 may be directed horizontally and the poor gas may be supplied upwardly with respect to the pilot flame 19.
- the burner 9 may be replaced by another type of burner.
- the fins 26 and/or 29 may be replaced by other means for creating turbulence and hence mixing the two gas flows, and the dimensions given are entirely exemplary and must not be understood in any limiting sense.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO920229A IT1259347B (it) | 1992-03-18 | 1992-03-18 | Metodo per ottenere la combustione di gas poveri mediante un gas comburente e relativo dispositivo di combustione |
ITTO920229 | 1992-03-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0561376A2 true EP0561376A2 (fr) | 1993-09-22 |
EP0561376A3 EP0561376A3 (en) | 1993-10-27 |
Family
ID=11410234
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19930104344 Withdrawn EP0561376A3 (en) | 1992-03-18 | 1993-03-17 | Method and apparatus for burning poor gases |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0561376A3 (fr) |
IT (1) | IT1259347B (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1267121A1 (fr) * | 2001-06-12 | 2002-12-18 | Forney Corporation | Diffuseur pour un brûleur en veine |
US20150000343A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2015-01-01 | Saint-Gobain Isover | Submerged burner with multiple injectors |
US20210108795A1 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2021-04-15 | John Zink Company, Llc | Swirl stabilized high capacity duct burner |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE711023C (de) * | 1937-05-25 | 1941-09-25 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Akt G | Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen des bei Generatorgaserzeugungsanlagen anfallenden UEberschussgases und der Abgase der mit dem Generatorgas betriebenen Gasmotoren |
US2920689A (en) * | 1952-05-15 | 1960-01-12 | American Radiator & Standard | Method of combustion for low-grade fuel and apparatus therefor |
US3244220A (en) * | 1964-01-22 | 1966-04-05 | Erie City Iron Works | Furnace for low and high heat value fuels |
GB1206455A (en) * | 1967-12-04 | 1970-09-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process and apparatus for the utilization of low heat value gaseous fuels |
US3649211A (en) * | 1970-02-05 | 1972-03-14 | Coen Co | Air augmented duct burner |
US3841828A (en) * | 1972-02-08 | 1974-10-15 | Liberty Ind Inc | Exhaust gas treatment system |
US4154567A (en) * | 1977-01-07 | 1979-05-15 | Continental Carbon Company | Method and apparatus for the combustion of waste gases |
EP0053454A2 (fr) * | 1980-12-03 | 1982-06-09 | Maxon Corporation | Brûleur à rampe sans mélange préalable |
EP0498516A2 (fr) * | 1991-02-06 | 1992-08-12 | Maxon Corporation | Ensemble de brûleur à rampe |
-
1992
- 1992-03-18 IT ITTO920229A patent/IT1259347B/it active IP Right Grant
-
1993
- 1993-03-17 EP EP19930104344 patent/EP0561376A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE711023C (de) * | 1937-05-25 | 1941-09-25 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Akt G | Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen des bei Generatorgaserzeugungsanlagen anfallenden UEberschussgases und der Abgase der mit dem Generatorgas betriebenen Gasmotoren |
US2920689A (en) * | 1952-05-15 | 1960-01-12 | American Radiator & Standard | Method of combustion for low-grade fuel and apparatus therefor |
US3244220A (en) * | 1964-01-22 | 1966-04-05 | Erie City Iron Works | Furnace for low and high heat value fuels |
GB1206455A (en) * | 1967-12-04 | 1970-09-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process and apparatus for the utilization of low heat value gaseous fuels |
US3649211A (en) * | 1970-02-05 | 1972-03-14 | Coen Co | Air augmented duct burner |
US3841828A (en) * | 1972-02-08 | 1974-10-15 | Liberty Ind Inc | Exhaust gas treatment system |
US4154567A (en) * | 1977-01-07 | 1979-05-15 | Continental Carbon Company | Method and apparatus for the combustion of waste gases |
EP0053454A2 (fr) * | 1980-12-03 | 1982-06-09 | Maxon Corporation | Brûleur à rampe sans mélange préalable |
EP0498516A2 (fr) * | 1991-02-06 | 1992-08-12 | Maxon Corporation | Ensemble de brûleur à rampe |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1267121A1 (fr) * | 2001-06-12 | 2002-12-18 | Forney Corporation | Diffuseur pour un brûleur en veine |
US20150000343A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2015-01-01 | Saint-Gobain Isover | Submerged burner with multiple injectors |
US9587825B2 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2017-03-07 | Saint-Gobain Isover | Submerged burner with multiple injectors |
US20210108795A1 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2021-04-15 | John Zink Company, Llc | Swirl stabilized high capacity duct burner |
US11852335B2 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2023-12-26 | John Zink Company, Llc | Swirl stabilized high capacity duct burner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0561376A3 (en) | 1993-10-27 |
ITTO920229A1 (it) | 1993-09-18 |
IT1259347B (it) | 1996-03-12 |
ITTO920229A0 (it) | 1992-03-18 |
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