EP0557568A1 - Nährstoffdispersionen oder -lösungen enthaltende Düngemittel-Zusammensetzung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung - Google Patents

Nährstoffdispersionen oder -lösungen enthaltende Düngemittel-Zusammensetzung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0557568A1
EP0557568A1 EP92104003A EP92104003A EP0557568A1 EP 0557568 A1 EP0557568 A1 EP 0557568A1 EP 92104003 A EP92104003 A EP 92104003A EP 92104003 A EP92104003 A EP 92104003A EP 0557568 A1 EP0557568 A1 EP 0557568A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fertilizer composition
weight
fertilizer
mixture
emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92104003A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0557568B1 (de
Inventor
Arne Carlsen
Erik Christopher Nygaard
Erik Syrstad
Tom Consoli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yara International ASA
Original Assignee
Norsk Hydro ASA
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Publication date
Application filed by Norsk Hydro ASA filed Critical Norsk Hydro ASA
Publication of EP0557568A1 publication Critical patent/EP0557568A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fertilizer compositions comprising dispersions or solutions of nutrient compounds, the most interesting type of such compositions being slow release fertilizers.
  • the invention further relates to manufacture of such fertilizers.
  • Aqueous fertilizer slurries which can be pumped and sprayed are known from the patent description RD-263035 A (IB Chemical CO).
  • IBDU Isobutylidene Diurea
  • urea urea
  • dispersing agents and gelling agents such as alginates, guar gum derivates etc.
  • This fertilizer is restricted to containing IBDU which in itself releases the nutrient compounds rather slowly.
  • the main object of the present invention was to arrive at a new type of liquid fertilizer compositions having a high nutrient value and being pumpable such that they could be spread out on the fields by means of conventional spreader equipment.
  • a second object was to attain a fertilizer having desired slow release properties without the disadvantages related to known slow release fertilizers.
  • a further object was to attain such fertilizer compositions that were not restricted to special nutrient salts only.
  • aqueous fertilizer compositions are their low content of nutrient as it is necessary to have a relatively high content of water to avoid precipitation of the nutrient salts and thereby make the solution unstable, especially during storage at low temperature.
  • the emulsion as such should not be very soluble in water.
  • the problem was then to obtain a stable emulsion having a minimum of oil and maximum of nutrients.
  • the emulsion should have a high phase ratio (i.e. volume of discontinuous phase/total volume) and further have a liquid phase having a high content of nurient compounds.
  • the phase ratio should be larger than 0.8 and might be as high as 0.95. The most perferred phase ratio was found to be 0.90-0.94.
  • the hydrocarbon phase comprises oils, waxes or mixture of these.
  • the hydrocarbons being of mineral, vegetable or animal origin and their properties may further be modified by addition of polymers or elastomers such as polyethylene wax, polyisobutylene etc. These additives are used to modify the viscocity of the emulsion and this proved to retard the release of nutrients of the emulsion. Useful amounts of such elastomers were found to be 0.5-6 weight% of the hydrocarbon phase.
  • the hydrocarbon phase is not required to be liquid at production temperature of the emulsion, it should, however, be liquified prior to the emulsification step.
  • Applicable emulsifiers are selected from those generally used for w-i-o emulsions and must be agronomically and environmentally acceptable.
  • a typically useful type of emulsifier is sorbitane monooleate. If non-ionic emulsifiers are used, the HLB value of the emulsifier or mixtures thereof should be less than 7 (HLB: hydrophile-lipophile balance).
  • the solution/dispersion i.e. the discontinuous phase of the fertilizer emulsion, may comprise a solution of one nutrient compound only or a mixture of nutrient compounds.
  • the solution can be supersaturated and may even contain minor amounts of salts which are not soluble in water. However, too large amounts of such salts may effect negatively the storage stability of the emulsion.
  • aqueous nutrient solutions and melts have been emulsified and some typical examples are mentioned:
  • Typical fertilizer compositions according to the invention comprise: Fertilizer compositions in which the aqueous discontinuous phase is a supersaturated solution of ammonium nitrate and where the phase ratio of the emulsion is 0.8-0.95.
  • Another preferred type of fertilizer composition according to the invention are those in which the discontinuous phase contains 0-25 weight% water and 100-75 weight% urea, ammonium nitrate (UAN).
  • UAN ammonium nitrate
  • Fertilizer compositions according to the invention comprising solid nutrients would preferably consist of 90-70 weight% w-i-o type emulsion and 10-30 weight% solid nutrients.
  • compositions were made by applying nutrient compounds dissolved in water at a temperature of about 10 o C above the crystallization temperature of the mixture. Then the aqueous solution was added to a solution of hydrocarbons and emulsifier which was heated to the same temperature, during intensive stirring by means of a turbine stirrer. Stirring speed, time of stirring and dimensions of the stirrer will depend on the size of the mixture. In the examples there was used a mixture of about 600 g. A turbine stirrer was used having a diameter of 8 cm. At start-up there was applied a speed of 600 revolutions per minute (rpm). The aqueous solution was added over a period of about 1 minute. Then the stirring speed was increased to 1200 rpm and the stirring continued for about 2 minutes.
  • rpm revolutions per minute
  • Sorbitane monooleate (Span-80 from ICI) was used as emulsifier in all the examples in an amount of about 1 weight% of the total weight of the mixture.
  • This example shows the effect of modifying the hydrocarbon phase by addition of various types of elastomeres, in all the experiments the same nutrient solution (ammonium nitrate and urea) was used.
  • the phase ration was: Vistalon 707 and 3708 are trade names for commercial polyisobutylene, in the following table stated as Elastomer 1 and 2, respectively.
  • Fig. 1 The results are shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen that application of emulsions gives a dramatic reduction of release of nitrogen from the mixture. It is further seen that the rate of release can be altered by modifying the composition of the hydrocarbon phase. Addition of elastomere to the oil phase reduced the release of nitrogen from the emulsion compared to the release from emulsions which contain oil only. The same result can be obtained by applying wax, but this is usually a more costly hydrocarbon.
  • the loss of nitrogen in percent is about the same and independent of the nitrogen concentration of the salt solution. Probably this is due to the fact that the release of nitrogen is caused by exposure of the salt droplets corresponding with the rate of degradation of the oil film by soil bachteria. Thus there is only minimal diffusion of nitrogen through the oil film.
  • the samples (100 g of each) from Example 2 were placed in bottles containing 2 l of soil. The bottles were closed by wire cloth. The original bottoms of the bottles were removed and 1.5 l soil were filled in the bottles. Then 100 g of the sample were added before the remaining 0.5 l of soil was added. 200 ml of purified water were each week added to the samples. This water ran through the sample and was collected in beakers and thereupon analyzed in the conventional way. Further, it was carried out tests in a soil sample without added fertilizer (reference). The values of loss of nitrogen from the samples were corrected against the value for release of nitrogen from the reference sample (pure soil).
  • Fig. 4 it is shown that the release of nitrogen is the same as shown in Example 2 (Fig. 2). All the samples according to the invention show dramatic reduction in release of nitrogen compared to traditional types of fertilizer. However, it can also be seen that the release of nitrogen takes place in a somewhat different way as the total loss is slower, but the curves show an increase as function of time. The reason for this is possibly that after some time bacteria are formed which consume oil and thereby break down the emulsion faster than can be seen from the samples tested in water. This is confirmed by one test where the mixtures Nos. 2.2 and 4.2 were investigated over a longer period than 64 days. It was then found that 100% of the nitrogen was washed out after 106 days from the mixture which was tested in water (like 2.2), while 100% nitrogen was washed out after 89 days from the mixture which was tested in soil (4.2).
  • a number of fertilizer formulations can be made within this new emulsion concept. Thus even solid fertilizer can be mixed with the emulsion fertilizer and still have pumpable properties.
  • the new fertilizer compositions possess excellent slow release properties and contain far less hydrocarbons than conventional coated solid fertilizers of the slow release type.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
EP92104003A 1992-02-28 1992-03-09 Nährstoffdispersionen oder -lösungen enthaltende Düngemittel-Zusammensetzung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0557568B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO920788 1992-02-28
NO920788A NO176272C (no) 1992-02-28 1992-02-28 Gjödselsammensetning omfattende dispersjon eller lösning av næringskomponenter
CN93109946A CN1054364C (zh) 1992-02-28 1993-08-24 含营养化合物的分散体或溶液的肥料组合物

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0557568A1 true EP0557568A1 (de) 1993-09-01
EP0557568B1 EP0557568B1 (de) 1997-05-14

Family

ID=36869957

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92104003A Expired - Lifetime EP0557568B1 (de) 1992-02-28 1992-03-09 Nährstoffdispersionen oder -lösungen enthaltende Düngemittel-Zusammensetzung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0557568B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1054364C (de)
AT (1) ATE153013T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69219754T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2103010T3 (de)
GR (1) GR3024270T3 (de)
NO (1) NO176272C (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5512079A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-04-30 The Lubrizol Corporation Water-in-oil emulsifiers for slow release fertilizers using tertiary alkanol amines
US5518517A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-05-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Water-in-oil emulsion fertilizer compositions
US5858055A (en) * 1997-10-07 1999-01-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Water-in-oil emulsion fertilizer compositions
US6054493A (en) * 1998-12-30 2000-04-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Emulsion compositions
US6176893B1 (en) 1998-12-30 2001-01-23 The Lubrizol Corporation Controlled release emulsion fertilizer compositions
US6200398B1 (en) 1998-12-30 2001-03-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Emulsion explosive compositions

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3272613A (en) * 1962-09-04 1966-09-13 Union Oil Co Weed oil-fertilizer composition
FR2086482A1 (de) * 1970-04-30 1971-12-31 Murphy Chemical Ltd
US4394149A (en) * 1978-02-24 1983-07-19 Szoka Jr Francis C Plant nutriment compositions and method of their application
WO1993001150A1 (en) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-21 Kemira Oy Controllably affecting fertilizer composition

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3272613A (en) * 1962-09-04 1966-09-13 Union Oil Co Weed oil-fertilizer composition
FR2086482A1 (de) * 1970-04-30 1971-12-31 Murphy Chemical Ltd
US4394149A (en) * 1978-02-24 1983-07-19 Szoka Jr Francis C Plant nutriment compositions and method of their application
WO1993001150A1 (en) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-21 Kemira Oy Controllably affecting fertilizer composition

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5512079A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-04-30 The Lubrizol Corporation Water-in-oil emulsifiers for slow release fertilizers using tertiary alkanol amines
US5518517A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-05-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Water-in-oil emulsion fertilizer compositions
US5858055A (en) * 1997-10-07 1999-01-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Water-in-oil emulsion fertilizer compositions
US6054493A (en) * 1998-12-30 2000-04-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Emulsion compositions
US6176893B1 (en) 1998-12-30 2001-01-23 The Lubrizol Corporation Controlled release emulsion fertilizer compositions
US6200398B1 (en) 1998-12-30 2001-03-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Emulsion explosive compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE153013T1 (de) 1997-05-15
DE69219754T2 (de) 1997-08-28
CN1054364C (zh) 2000-07-12
NO176272C (no) 1995-11-02
EP0557568B1 (de) 1997-05-14
NO920788D0 (no) 1992-02-28
NO176272B (no) 1994-11-28
ES2103010T3 (es) 1997-08-16
GR3024270T3 (en) 1997-10-31
NO920788L (no) 1993-08-30
DE69219754D1 (de) 1997-06-19
CN1099371A (zh) 1995-03-01

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