Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D335/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D335/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D335/06—Benzothiopyrans; Hydrogenated benzothiopyrans
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
  • C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
  • C07D311/06—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
  • C07D311/08—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring
  • C07D311/14—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring substituted in position 6 and unsubstituted in position 7
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
  • C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
  • C07D311/06—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
  • C07D311/08—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring
  • C07D311/16—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring substituted in position 7

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel compounds having retinoid-like activity. More specifically, the invention relates to compounds having an ethynylbenzoic acid portion and a second portion which is a 2-substituted tetrahydro- quinolinyl, thiochromanyl, or chromanyl group.
• the acid function may also be converted to an alcohol, aldehyde or ketone or derivatives thereof, or may be reduced to -CH 3 .
• This invention covers compounds of Formula 1
• R 1 -R 3 are hydrogen or lower alkyl, R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen or lower alkyl with the proviso that R 4 and R 5 cannot both be hydrogen;
• R 6 is lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower cycloalkyl having 1 to 6 carbons, or halogen;
• n is 0-5; and
• B is H, -COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or amide thereof, -CH 2 OH or an ether or ester derivative, or -CHO or an acetal deriva- tive, or -COR 1 or a ketal derivative where R 1 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkenyl group containing 1 to 5 carbons.
• this invention relates to the use of the compounds of Formula 1 for treating dermatoses, such as acne, Darier's disease, psoriasis, icthyosis, eczema, atopic dermatitis and epithelial cancers.
• dermatoses such as acne, Darier's disease, psoriasis, icthyosis, eczema, atopic dermatitis and epithelial cancers.
• arthritic diseases and other immunological disorders e.g. lupus erythematosus
• This invention also relates to a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of Formula 1 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• this invention relates to the process for making a compound of Formula 1 which process comprises reacting a compound of Formula 2 with a compound of Formula 3 in the presence of cuprous iodide and
• R 1 -R 6 are the same as described above, X' is a halogen, preferably I; and n is the same as defined above; and B is H, or a protected acid, alcohol, aldehyde or ketone, giving the corresponding compound of Formula 1; or to the process of making a compound of Formula l which consists of reacting a zinc salt of Formula 4 with a compound of Formula 3 in the presence of Pd(PQ 3 ) 4 (Q is phenyl) or a similar complex.
• n 0-4 to give an acid of Formula 1;
• ester refers to and covers any compound falling within the definition of that term as classically used in organic chemistry.
• B of Formu la 1
• this term covers the products derived from treatment of this function with alcohols, preferably with aliphatic alcohols having 1-6 carbons.
• the ester is derived from compounds where B is -CH 2 OH
• this term covers compounds of the formula -CH 2 OOCR where R is any substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic- aromatic group, preferably with 1-6 carbons in the aliphatic portions.
• esters are derived from the saturated aliphatic alcohols or acids of ten or fewer carbon atoms or the cyclic or saturated aliphatic cyclic alcohols and acids of 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Particularly preferred aliphatic esters are those derived from lower alkyl acids or alcohols.
• lower alkyl means having 1-6 carbon atoms and includes straight as well as branched chain alkyl groups.
• phenyl or lower alkylphenyl esters are also preferred.
• Amide has the meaning classically accorded that term in organic chemistry. In this instance it includes the unsubstituted amides and all aliphatic and aromatic mono- and di-substituted amides.
• Preferred amides are the mono- and di-substituted amides derived from the saturated aliphatic radicals of ten or fewer carbon atoms or the cyclic or saturated aliphatic-cyclic radicals of 5 to 10 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred amides are those derived from lower alkyl amines. Also preferred are mono- and di-substituted amides derived from the phenyl or lower alkylphenyl amines . Unsubstituted amides are also preferred.
• Acetals and ketals include the radicals of the formula -CK where K is (-OR) 2 .
• R is lower alkyl.
• K may be -OR 1 O- where R 1 is lower alkyl of 2-5 carbon atoms, straight chain or branched.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared for any compound of this invention having a functionality capable of forming such salt, for example an acid or an amine functionality.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be any salt which retains the activity of the parent compound and does not impart any deleterious or untoward effect on the subject to which it is administered and in the context in which it is administered.
• Such a salt may be derived from any organic or inorganic acid or base.
• the salt may be a mono or polyvalent ion.
• the inorganic ions sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
• Organic amine salts may be made with amines, particularly ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and trialkyl amines or ethanol amines. Salts may also be formed with caffeine, tromethamine and similar molecules. Where there is a nitrogen sufficiently basic as to be capable of forming acid addition salts, such may be formed with any inorganic or organic acids or alkylating agent such as methyl iodide.
• Preferred salts are those formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. Any of a number of simple organic acids such as mono-, di- or tri-acid may also be used.
• the preferred compounds of this invention are those where the ethynyl group and the B group are attached to the 1 and, 4 positions respectively of a benzene ring (i.e. where the phenyl moiety of the compound is para substituted) n is 0; and B is -COOH, an alkali metal salt or organic amine salt, or a lower alkyl ester thereof, or -CH 2 OH and the lower alkyl esters and ethers thereof, or -CHO and acetal derivatives thereof.
• the compounds of this invention may be administered systemically or topically, depending on such considerations as the condition to be treated, need for site-specific treatment, quantity of drug to be administered, and similar considerations.
• any common topical formulation such as a solution, suspension, gel, ointment, or salve and the like may be used. Preparation of such topical formulations are well described in the art of pharmaceutical formulations as exemplified, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Science. Edition 17, Mack
• these compounds could also be administered as a powder or spray, particularly in aerosol form.
• the drug may be confected as a powder, pill, tablet or the like, or as a syrup or elixir for oral administration.
• the compound will be prepared as a solution or suspension capable of being administered by injection. In certain cases, it may be useful to formulate these compounds in suppository form or as an extended release formulation for deposit under the skin or intermuscular injection.
• medicaments can be added to such topical formulation for such secondary purposes as treating skin dry- ness, providing protection against light; other medications for treating dermatoses, preventing infection, reducing irritation, inflammation and the like.
• Treatment of dermatoses or any other indications known or discovered to be susceptible to treatment by retinoic acid-like compounds will be effected by administration of the therapeutically effective dose of one or more compounds of the instant invention.
• a therapeutic concentration will be that concentration which effects reduction of the particular condition, or retards its expansion.
• the drug potentially could be used in a prophylactic manner to prevent onset of a particular condition.
• a given therapeutic concentration will vary from condition to condition and in certain instances may vary with the severity of the condition being treated and the patient's susceptibility to treatment. Accordingly, a given therapeutic concentration will be best determined at the time and place through routine experimentation.
• a formulation containing between 0.001 and 5 percent by weight, preferably about 0.01 to 1% will usually constitute a therapeutically effective concentration. If administered systemically, an amount between 0.01 and 100 mg per kg body weight per day, but preferably about 0.1 to 10 mg/kg, will effect a therapeutic result in most in stances.
• retionic acid like activity of these compounds was confirmed through the classic measure of retionic acid activity involving the effects of retionic acid on orni- thine decarboxylase.
• the original work on the correlation between retinoic acid and decrease in cell proliferation was done by Verma & Boutwell, Cancer Research, 1977, 37, 2196-2201. That reference discloses that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity increased precedent to polyamine biosynthesis. It has been established elsewhere that increases in polyamine synthesis can be correlated or associated with cellular proliferation. Thus, if ODC activity could be inhibited, cell hyperproliferation could be modulated.
• TPA 12-0-tetradecanoyl- phorbol-13-acetate
• the compounds of this invention can be made by a number of different synthetic chemical pathways. To illustrate this invention, there is here outlined a series of steps which have been proven to provide the compounds of Formula 1 when such synthesis is followed in fact and in spirit.
• the synthetic chemist will readily appreciate that the conditions set out here are specific embodiments which can be generalized to any and all of the compounds represented by Formula 1.
• the synthetic chemist will readily appreciate that the herein described synthetic steps may be varied and or adjusted by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
• R 1 -R 3 are hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, Rg is defined as above in connection with Formula 1, n is 0-5 and B is H, or a protected acid, alcohol, aldehyde or ketone.
• X' is Cl, Br or I when n is O but preferably be Br or I when n is 1-5.
• the 4-bromo-thiophenol (Compound 9) is acylated with an acylating agent, such as an acid chloride (Compound 10) derived from an appropriately substituted acrylic acid.
• the acylation is conducted in an inert solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran) in the presence of strong base (for example sodium hydrdride).
• the resulting thioester (Compound 11) which contains the olefinic bond of the acrylic acid moiety is ring closed in the presence of a Friedel Crafts type catalyst (such as aluminum chloride) by stirring in a suitable solvent such as methylene chloride.
• a Friedel Crafts type catalyst such as aluminum chloride
• the resulting 2-oxo-6-bromo- thiochroman (Compound 12) is usually isolated in crystalline form.
• the R 4 and/or R 5 substituents are introduced by treating the 2-oxo-6-bromo-thiochroman (Compound 12) with a Grignard reagent, bearing the alkyl substituents R 4 and R 5 (such as methylmagnesium bromide when R 4 and R 5 are methyl).
• a Grignard reagent such as methylmagnesium bromide
• the thiochroman ring is opened and the tertiary alcohol derivative of the 4-bromo thiophenol (Compound 13) is formed.
• Ring closure of the thiophenol derivative (Compound 13) which has the desired R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 substituents, is affected by heating in acidic conditions, preferably by heating Compound 13 in aqueous acid.
• the resulting 6-bromothiochroman which bears the desired alkyl (or hydrogen) substituents, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is shown as Compound 14 in Reaction Scheme 1.
• the substituted 6-bromothiochroman 14 is reacted with trimethylsilylacetylene in the presence of cuprous iodide and a suitable catalyst, typically having the formula Pd(PQ 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (Q is phenyl).
• a suitable catalyst typically having the formula Pd(PQ 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (Q is phenyl).
• the reaction is typically conducted in the presence of bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride catalyst, an acid acceptor, (such as triethylamine) under an inert gas (argon) atmosphere, by heating in a sealed tube.
• the resulting 6-trimethylsilylethynylthiochroman is shown as Compound 15 in Reaction Scheme 1.
• the trimethylsilyl moiety is removed from the 6-trimethylsilylethynyl-thiochroman 15 in the next synthetic step, to provide the ring substituted 6-ethynyl-thiochroman derivative (Compound 16).
• the latter reaction is conducted under basic conditions, preferably under an inert gas atmosphere.
• the phenyl or substituted phenyl substituent is introduced into the 6-ethynyl-thiochroman 16 by reacting the latter with a halogen substituted phenyl compound (Formula 3) in which the benzene nucleus either has the desired substituent [(CH 2 ) n -B] or wherein the actual substituent (CH 2 ) n -B can be readily converted to the desired substituent by means of organic reactions well known in the art.
• Coupling of the 6-ethynyl-thiochroman 16 with the reagent X'-Q-(CH 2 ) n -B is affected directly in the presence of cuprous iodide, a suitable catalyst, typically of the formula Pd(PQ 3 ) 2 Cl 2 and an acid acceptor, such as triethylamine, by heating in a sealed tube under an inert gas (argon) atmosphere.
• a suitable catalyst typically of the formula Pd(PQ 3 ) 2 Cl 2 and an acid acceptor, such as triethylamine
• Compound 18 may be the target compound made in accordance with the invention, or maybe readily converted into the target compound by such steps as salt formation, esterification, deesterification, homologation, amide formation and the like. These steps are further discussed below.
• Compound 18 may also be obtained by first converting the 6-ethynyl-thiochroman derivative 16 into the corresponding metal salt, such as a zinc salt, (Compound 17) and thereafter coupling the salt 17 with the reagent X'-Q- (CH 2 ) n -B (Formula 3 Q is phenyl or substituted phenyl residue) in the presence of a catalyst having the formula Pd(PQ 3 ) 4 (Q is phenyl), or similar complex. Derivatization of Compound 18 is indicated in Reaction Scheme 1 as conversion to "homologs and derivatives", compounds 19.
• a protected phenyl derivatives is needed to couple with the compounds of Formula 2 (Compounds 16 in Reaction Scheme 1), such may be prepared from their corresponding acids, alcohols, ketones or aldehydes. These starting materials, the protected acids, alcohols, aldehydes or ketones, are all available from chemical manufacturers or can be prepared by published methods.
• Carboxylic acids are typically esterified by refluxing the acid in a solution of the appropriate alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst such as hydrogen chloride or thionyl chloride.
• the carboxylic acid can be condensed with the appropriate alcohol in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and dimethylaminopyridine. The ester is recovered and purified by conventional means.
• Acetals and ketals are readily made by the method described in March, "Advanced Organic Chemistry," 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, p 810). Alcohols, aldehydes and ketones all may be protected by forming respectively, ethers and esters, acetals or ketals by known methods such as those described in McOmie, Plenum Publishing Press, 1973 and Protecting Groups. Ed. Greene, John Wiley & Sons, 1981.
• phenyl derivatives where B is -COOH are subjected to homologation by successive treatment under Arndt-Eistert conditions or other homologation procedures.
• phenyl derivatives where B is different from COOH may also be homologated by appropriate procedures.
• the homologated acids can then be esterified by the general procedure outlined in the preceding paragraph.
• An alternative means for making compounds where n is 1 - 5 is to subject the compounds of Formula 1, where B is an acid or other function, to homologation, using the Arndt-Eistert method referred to above, or other homologation procedures.
• the acids and salts derived from Formula 1 are readily obtainable from the corresponding esters.
• Basic saponification with an alkali metal base will provide the acid.
• an ester of Formula 1 may be dissolved in a polar solvent such as an alkanol, preferably under an inert atmosphere at room temperature, with about a three molar excess of base, for example, potassium hydroxide.
• the solution is stirred for an extended period of time, between 15 and 20 hours, cooled, acidified and the hydrolysate recovered by conventional means.
• the amide may be formed by any appropriate amidation means known in the art from the corresponding esters or carboxylic acids.
• One way to prepare such compounds is to convert an acid to an acid chloride and then treat that compound with ammonium hydroxide or an appropriate amine.
• the acid is treated with an alcoholic base solution such as ethanolic KOH (in approximately a 10% molar excess) at room temperature for about 30 minutes.
• the solvent is removed and the residue taken up in an organic solvent such as diethyl ether, treated with a dialkyl formamide and then a 10-fold excess of oxalyl chloride. This is all effected at a moderately reduced temperature between about -10 degrees and +10 degrees C.
• Alcohols are made by converting the corresponding acids to the acid chloride with thionyl chloride or other means (J. March, "Advanced Organic Chemistry", 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company), then reducing the acid chloride with sodium borohydride (March, Ibid, pg. 1124), which gives the corresponding alcohols.
• esters may be reduced with lithium aluminum hydride at reduced temperatures.
• Alkylating these alcohols with appropriate alky halides under Williamson reaction conditions (March, Ibid, pg. 357) gives the corresponding ethers.
• These alcohols can be converted to esters by reacting them with appropriate acids in the presence of acid catalysts or dicyclohexlcarbodiimide and dimethlaminopyridine.
• Aldehydes can be prepared from the corresponding primary alcohols using mild oxidizing agents such as pyridinium dichromate in methylene chloride (Corey, E. J., Schmidt, G., Tet. Lett., 399, 1979), or dimethyl sulfox- ide/oxalyl chloride in methylene chloride (Omura, K., Swern, D., Tetrahedron, 1978, 34, 1651).
• mild oxidizing agents such as pyridinium dichromate in methylene chloride (Corey, E. J., Schmidt, G., Tet. Lett., 399, 1979), or dimethyl sulfox- ide/oxalyl chloride in methylene chloride (Omura, K., Swern, D., Tetrahedron, 1978, 34, 1651).
• Ketones can be prepared from an appropriate aldehyde by treating the aldehyde with an alkyl Grignard reagent or similar reagent followed by oxidation.
• Acetals or ketals can be prepared from the corresponding aldehyde or ketone by the method described in March, Ibid, p 810.
• Compounds where B is H can be prepared from the corresponding halogenated benzene compounds, preferably where the halogen is I.
• phenol, or a phenol substituted in the 3 (meta) position by an alkyl substituent (R 3 ) (Compound 20) is acylated with an acylating agent, such as an acid chloride (Compound 10) derived from an appropriately substituted acrylic acid.
• an acylating agent such as an acid chloride (Compound 10) derived from an appropriately substituted acrylic acid.
• the R 1 and R 2 substituents of the target compounds are introduced through this acrylic acid derivative 10.
• the acylation with the acid chloride 10 is preferably conducted in the presence of a strong base (e.g. sodium hydride) in an inert solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran).
• a strong base e.g. sodium hydride
• an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
• the substituted phenyl-acrylate 21 is ring closed under Friedel Crafts type reaction conditions (AlCl 3 catalyst, in an inert solvent, such as methylene chloride) to provide the 2-oxo-chroman compound (Compound 22) which bears, in the 4-position, the R 1 and R 2 substituents and in the 6-position the R 3 substituent (as applicable).
• AlCl 3 catalyst in an inert solvent, such as methylene chloride
• the 2-oxo-chroman 22 of Reaction Scheme 2 is treated with a Grignard reagent to introduce the R 4 and R 5 substituents.
• R 4 and R 5 both cannot be hydrogen.
• the Grignard reagent is preferably methylmagnesium chloride (dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, THF).
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• a solution of Compound 22 in a suitable solvent, for example in dry diethylether is added to this Grignard reagent.
• the resulting phenol containing a tertiary alcohol side chain, (that is a molecule in which the chroman ring had been opened) is shown in Reaction Scheme 2 as Compound 23.
• Compound 23 which already has the desired R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 substituents, is ring closed under acidic conditions, (e.g. by heating in aqueous sulfuric acid) to provide the chroman derivative (Compound 24).
• acidic conditions e.g. by heating in aqueous sulfuric acid
• chroman derivative Compound 24.
• Similar or analogous steps are involved for making both the thiochroman (Reaction scheme 1) and chroman derivatives (Reaction Scheme 2), the only difference being that in Reaction Scheme 2 the starting phenol derivative does not have a halogen (such as a bromo) substituent.
• reaction Scheme 2 Because of the lack of the halogen substituent in the preferred synthetic sequence for preparing the chroman compounds of the invention, the preferred and herein illustrated steps (Reaction Scheme 2) for introducing the acetylene (ethyne) group into the 6-position of the chroman moiety are different from the steps utilized for introducing the acetylene moiety into the analogous thio ⁇ chroman (Reaction Scheme 1).
• This acetylation is preferably conducted with acetyl chloride, in nitromethane solvent, in the presence of aluminum chloride.
• the resulting 6-acetyl-chroman derivative is Compound 25.
• the acetylenic (triple) bond is introduced into the molecule by converting the 6-acetyl moiety of chroman 25 to an acetylene moiety. This is accomplished, preferably, by treatment with lithium diisopropylamide (at low temperature, such as - 78 degrees C) which causes enolization of the acetyl group.
• the intermediate enol compound (not shown in Reaction Scheme 2) is esterified by treatment with diethylchlorophosphate (or the like) and is again reacted at reduced temperature (e.g. - 78 degrees C) with lithium diisopropylamide, to form the triple bond (presumably by an elimination reaction) and to yield the 6-ethynyl-chroman derivative (Compound 26).
• the 6- ethynyl-chroman derivative 26 may be converted into the target compounds of the invention in synthetic steps which are analogous to the conversion of 6-ethynyl-thiochromans (Compound 16) into the corresponding target thiochroman derivatives (See Reaction Scheme 1). Briefly, Compound 26 is preferably heated with a reagent X'-Q-(CH 2 ) n -B (Formula 3 Q is phenyl or substituted phenyl residue) in the
• the 6-ethynyl-chroman compounds 26 may first be converted to the corresponding metal (zinc) salt (Compound 27) and thereafter coupled with the reagent X'-Q-(CH 2 ) n -B (Formula 3 Q is phenyl substituted phenyl residue) under conditions which are similar to the conditions described in Reaction Scheme 1 for coupling of Compounds 18 with the same reagent.
• substituted 6-bromo thio chroman 14, where the R 4 or R 5 substituent is alkyl and the other is hydrogen can be made by treating the 2- oxo-6-bromo-thiochroman (Compound 12) with a Grignard reagent.
• the 2-oxo-thiochroman 12 is subjected to an excess of Grignard reagent, bearing the alkyl substituents R 4 or R 5 (such as methylmagnesium bromide when R 4 or R 5 is methyl).
• the reaction temperature is controlled to and maintained at a relatively low temperature (such as -14 degrees C) and the duration of the reaction is kept relatively short (0.5 hours).
• a hemiacetal derivative of 4-bromothiophenol (Compound 49) is formed- in this controlled Grignard reaction, as shown in Reaction Scheme 3. Cyclization of the thiophenol derivative Compound 49 is affected by heating in acidic conditions, preferably by aqueous acid, to give the unsat- urated thio olefin (Compound 50).
• the 6-bromothioolefin (Compound 50) is reduced by hydrogenation in the presence of palladium sulfide-on-carbon catalyst at increased pressure (approximately 30 psi).
• the resulting 6-bromothiochroman which bears the desired hydrogen and alkyl substituents R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 with one of R 4 or R 5 being hydrogen, is shown as Compound 14.
• 6-bromo-thio chroman, 14, in Reaction Scheme 4 the R 4 and R 5 substituents, both of which are alkyl but not identical with one another in this example, are introduced by treating the hemiacetal derivative (Compound 49) with a different Grignard reagent than previously used, as shown in Scheme 4.
• the thio chroman ring is opened and the tertiary alcohol derivative of 4-bromo-thiophenol, 13, is formed.
• Ring closure of the thiophenol derivative 13 which has the desired R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 substituents is affected by heating in acidic conditions, preferably by heating with aqueous acid.
• the resulting 6-bromo thiochroman which bears the desired alkyl and hydrogen substituents R 1 , R 2 ,
• R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is shown as Compound 14 .
• Reaction Scheme 5 just as in Reaction Scheme 3, one of the R 4 or R 5 substituents is alkyl and the other is hydrogen.
• the 2-oxochroman 22 of Reaction Scheme 5 is treated with Grignard reagent to introduce the R 4 and R 5 substituents.
• the resulting hemiacetal derivative can be isolated as Compound 51, as shown in Reaction Scheme 5.
• acidic conditions e.g. by heating in aqueous acid
• the hemiacetal 51 is cyclized to form the corresponding olefin derivative (Compound 52).
• the olefin derivative can then be reduced using the same conditions as described in connection with Reaction Scheme 3 for the reduction of Compound 49, or by a more general reducing procedure.
• the resulting chroman derivative is shown as Compound 24 in Reaction Scheme 5. It should be noted that up to this point in the synthetic sequence (which is preferably but not necessarily exclusively used for making the compounds of the invention) similar or analogous steps are involved for making both the thio-chroman (Reaction Scheme 3) and the chroman derivatives (Reaction Scheme 5) the only difference being that in Reaction Scheme 5 the starting lactone does not have a halogen (such as a bromo substituent).
• R 4 and R 5 substituents are alkyl but are not identical.
• the R 4 and R 5 alkyl substituents are introduced by treating Compound 51 with a different Grignard reagent than previously used to form the tertiary alcohol (Compound 23).
• the tertiary alcohol 23 which already has the desired R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 substituents, is ring closed under acidic conditions, as described above, to provide the chroman derivative (Compound 24).
• ethyl magnesium bromide instead of methyl magnesium bromide, provides the corresponding 4-bromo-2- (1,1 dimethyl 3-ethyl-3-hydroxypentyl)-thiophenol.
• the mixture was heated at 100 degrees C for 24 h, allowed to cool to room temperature and then treated with a further 1.4 g (14.3 mmol) of trimethylsilylacetylene and a powdered mixture of 75 mg (0.39 mmol) of cuprous iodide and 150 mg (0.21 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride.
• the mixture was then degassed, placed under argon and then heated in the sealed tube at 100 degrees C for 96 h.
• the mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with 3 x 10 ml of ether.
• the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and transferred by double-ended needle into a solu tion of lithium diisopropylamide in THF at -78 degrees C [prepared as described above from 1.04 g (10.34 mmol of diisopropylamine and 6.46 ml of 1.6 M (10.34 mmol) of n- butyl lithium in hexane].
• the cooling bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h.
• the mixture was then treated with 10 ml of ice water and acidified to a pH of 2 with 10% HCl.
• the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 3x30 ml of pentane.
• the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h and then poured onto a mixture of ice and 1 ml of cone. H 2 SO 4 .
• the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with 2x50 ml of ether.
• the organic layers were combined and washed successively with water, saturated NaHCO 3 solution, water again and then saturated NcCl solution and then dried (MgSO 4 ).
• the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica; 15 % ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give the title compound as a colorless oil.
• the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and then transferred by a double-ended needle into a solution of lithium diisopropyl amide in 10 ml dry THF at -78 degrees C which was prepared as described above using 910 mg (9.0 mmol) of diisopropylamine and 6 ml of 1.5 M (9.0 mmol) n-BuLi in hexane.
• the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h and then poured into 10 ml of iced water.
• the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with pentane.
• the mixture was then placed under an argon atmosphere and treated with a finely ground mixture of 50 mg (0.2625 mmol) of cuprous iodide and 100 mg (0.1425 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride.
• reaction vessel was then fitted with a reflux condenser and the mixture was heated at 55 degrees C under argon for 72 hours.
• the triethylamine was then removed under vacuum and the residue purified by flash chromatography (silica, 5% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give the title compound as a yellow oil.
• the compounds of the invention may be administered topically using various formulations.
• Such formulations may be as follows:

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• 1991
  • 1991-09-24 EP EP19910917856 patent/EP0553156A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-09-24 AU AU87210/91A patent/AU652189B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-09-24 PL PL91299061A patent/PL168679B1/pl unknown
  • 1991-09-24 HU HU931030A patent/HUT63405A/hu unknown
  • 1991-09-24 WO PCT/US1991/006901 patent/WO1992006084A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-09-24 CA CA002092178A patent/CA2092178A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-09-24 JP JP3516762A patent/JPH06501948A/ja active Pending
  • 1991-10-01 IL IL99617A patent/IL99617A0/xx unknown
  • 1991-10-08 ZA ZA918026A patent/ZA918026B/xx unknown
  • 1991-10-09 PT PT99188A patent/PT99188A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-10-16 IE IE356991A patent/IE913569A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1993
  • 1993-04-08 FI FI931625A patent/FI931625A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation

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