EP0551353A1 - Methode servant a prevenir l'erosion et l'influence nocive de l'erosion et dispositifs de realisation - Google Patents

Methode servant a prevenir l'erosion et l'influence nocive de l'erosion et dispositifs de realisation

Info

Publication number
EP0551353A1
EP0551353A1 EP19910917470 EP91917470A EP0551353A1 EP 0551353 A1 EP0551353 A1 EP 0551353A1 EP 19910917470 EP19910917470 EP 19910917470 EP 91917470 A EP91917470 A EP 91917470A EP 0551353 A1 EP0551353 A1 EP 0551353A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
land
guiding devices
water
shore
erosion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19910917470
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulf Karlsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0551353A1 publication Critical patent/EP0551353A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method to prevent erosion or injurious influ ⁇ ence of erosion in areas between land and water, such as in shore areas, and caused of for example a sea.
  • the invention also relates in applicable cases to produce an enlargement of land or shore.
  • erosion causes in many places devastation of land within defined or more spread areas, why it exists a need of being able to prevent erosion or injurious influence of erosion in such areas which are exposed for erosion and where no natural means can be brought to prevent erosion or its injurious influence on the surface of the ground.
  • its spreading or injurious influence on the surface of the ground can be prevented by supplying a protective covering of vegetat ⁇ ion or another plantation binding the surface of the ground, as in deflat ⁇ ion.
  • abrasion or in for exa ⁇ tp- le unsheltered seashores or other shore areas In other places it is more difficult or almost impossible to prevent damage or ruin caused by erosion, as in so-called abrasion or in for exa ⁇ tp- le unsheltered seashores or other shore areas.
  • the object with the method in accordance with the invention is to effect a method preventing erosion or injurious influence of erosion in areas where land and water are met, as in shore or coast areas.
  • the object is not only to prevent or stop erosion but instead to produce an addition of land or shore.
  • a method in accordance with the invention can be produced without visual interfer- ence on nature. Used devices when enlarging land can, without any negative effects on the environment, be allowed to be buried in the newly created ground and will thus become totally invisible and inaccessible.
  • the method in accordance with the invention is characterized in that in connection or relatively close connection with land, as a distance from the shoreline or shorestrip and in the water, guiding devices are arranged to extend from the bottom or its surface and in the direction of the surface of water and in applicable cases holder elements are arranged into or on the ground in the water and/or on land.
  • the guiding devices are arranged in such a way that their weight or load does not load or principally load the bottom or its surface.
  • one end of the guiding devices is arranged at a distance from the shoreline, whereby holder elements are arranged between the guiding devices and the shoreline or to the area for the shoreline.
  • the task of the holder eleiients are to catch particles or sand in the water and keep the particles or the sand and in applicable cases to drain or facilitate drainage of ground.
  • two guiding devices are arranged at a distance from each other along a shore area influenced by erosion, whereby the guiding devices are arranged for co-operation with each other and in applicable cases, when the affected shore area is of some length, one or more units of guiding devices are arranged at a distance from the first mentioned unit of guiding devices, whereby the guiding devices' relative angle, i.e. directions towards land, in respective unit of guiding devices can vary or be different depending on local conditions.
  • measurings are carried out of certain parameters, registration of the mea- surement results and evaluation before that the guiding devices and in applicable cases also the holder elements are arranged or put in position, whereby the direction or extension of the guiding devices is settled with regard to the measurings made, etc.
  • Fig. 1 shows from above schematically an example of an arrangement to effect a method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows in cross-section an example of a device in form of a guiding device
  • Fig. 3 shows from above part of a guiding device
  • Fig. 4 shows from above an additional example of a method and an arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows from above a method according to the invention and adopted in a arrangement or a part of an arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 6 shows in section a part of an arrangement
  • Fig. 1 shows from above schematically an example of an arrangement to effect a method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows in cross-section an example of a device in form of a guiding device
  • Fig. 3 shows from above part of a guiding device
  • Fig. 4 shows from above an additional example of a method and an arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows from above a method according to the invention and adopted in a arrangement or a part of an arrangement according
  • FIG. 7 shows in a perspective view a holder element in the course of joining to another holder element and which holder ele ⁇ ments can be included in a method and be part of an arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 8 shows from above a number of individual holder elements according to Fig. 7 and arranged into a unit of holder elements
  • Fig. 9 shows from above an arrangement according to the invention and used in a test.
  • a method in accordance with the invention can start with ireasurements of certain parameters, as currents in the water and in that respect not only surface currents but also bottom currents and sand movements on or near the bottom. Further, measurements of wave motions and that consideration can be taken to latitude with other centrifugal forces, ebb and flood, tempera- ture, atmospheric pressure and specific weights, the slope of the bottom, depth of water, etc. The most important groups of calculation are the direction and force of sand and water and the earth-layer along the shore. The said -neasurernents are carried out at depression and high pressure.
  • Measurements in water 2 give basis for control of sand movements and reduction of the influence of water force motions on the shore or shoreline 3.
  • wave motions are necessary to bring about effects instead of only study motions of the water from above the surface of the water plus any geotech ⁇ nical measurements far from the shore 3 or shoreline.
  • it is estab ⁇ lished any drainage and stabilization of ground towards land 1, directions of guiding devices 4 in the form of protective guide elements and their dimensions and beach locks in the form of the said holder elements 5 and their dimensions and possible directions.
  • the rotation of the earth has a certain influence but above all the cori- olis power has such an influence that one must take that fact into consid ⁇ eration when using the method and the arrangement in accordance with the invention.
  • the sand in the waves for example, are transported to the right or anti-clockwise. It is on the contrary on the southern hemisphere.
  • Sand removal or sand movements in the water or along the bed are one and the same on a certain place and are done without any influence of water currents and waves and happen also in calm weather.
  • Sand transfer is also done by the influence of low pressure and high pressure and pressure differences into .and at wave motions. Certain sand transfer is also done at low pressure because of intensity.
  • the movements or the bottom currents are fluctuating dependent on low pressure and high pressure and different or contrary at low pressure and high pressure respectively.
  • Wind affects the height of waves but not or only to some extent the direction of waves, i.e. surface currents. Certain effect or erosion is obtained owing to the force of impact. However, it is particles and means in the water giving the real erosion. High salt content gives increased erosion.
  • the reference designation 1 in Figs. 1, 4, 5 and 9 shows land and the refe ⁇ rence designation 2 in Figs. 2 and 6, as well, water, whereby the shore or the shoreline between land 1 and water 2 is shown by the reference design ⁇ ation 3.
  • guiding devices 4 are arranged in the water 2 in that area and in the form of guides in connection or relatively close connection with land 1, as a distance from the shoreline 3 or strip of shore and in that respect principally two by two and in areas of some length more guiding devices 4 or at a distance from one another units of guiding devices 4 in pairs.
  • holder elements 5 into or on the bed or bottom 12 and in the water 2 and/ or on land 1, as between the ends 6 of the guiding devices 4 directed to ⁇ wards the shore or shoreline 3 and the shore or shoreline 3, between the guiding devices 4 in the shoreline 3 and in applicable cases on land 1, for example, in banks, in the water 2 on shallow water and perhaps between or in connection with sandbanks, etc.
  • the holder elements 5 can be in form of individual elements 20, which are arranged to be able to be joined together or the like to form an unit of holder elements 5, see Figs. 1, 7 and 8 and the arrow 21 in Fig. 7.
  • the holder elements 5 show rectangular shape and can be made as a plastic construction consisting of a central rectangle surrounded by several or e.g. ten equal squares.
  • the individual elements 20 show drain channels 22 within the walls 23 allowing drainage in four directions. When elements 20 are linked together the drain channels are automatically aligned allowing unimpended flow.
  • the units are easily laid and linked without the aid of tools and can be anchored by means of anchoring devices 7 or cables.
  • the material can be made of a chem ⁇ ically inert and harmless material when in contact with food, vegetables, etc. and allowing trees and vegetation to follow their normal growing cycle. It is not essential to have level foundation as the element 20 can be flexible and allows it to settle according to the ground contour. Thus, the elements 5 involve also to construct steeper slopes thus saving on land utilization and avoiding the need to level out.
  • the elements 20 can either be linked side by side or corner to corner.
  • a guiding device 4 comprising guiding elements 16 in form of a wall, embankment or another guiding ele ⁇ ment.
  • the guiding device 4 is meant for being arranged on the bottom 12 and follow the bed without loading or essentially loading the bottom 12 or the surface 14 of the bottom with its load and extend from the bottom 12 or its surface 14 and in the direction towards the surface 15 of the water.
  • the guiding devices 4 or the guiding element 16 can be formed of for exa p- le a Nylon mattress, which is filled with a fine concrete mixture and is then formable until the concrete stiffen. Such a shaping of the guiding devices 4 lead to tight and durable guiding devices, which can resist pressure.
  • the guiding devices 4 can be adapted in dimensions according to the local circumstances. Further, the guiding devices 4 are meant for being anchored into the ground or bottom 12. As is evident from Fig. 3 the guid ⁇ ing devices 4 or the mattress are shaped or being shaped with an edge port ⁇ ion 17, which is folded in order to connect with the bed or bottom 12.
  • That edging 17 can be utilized for the anchoring of the guiding device 4 or the guiding element 16 or wall or the guiding elements or walls comprised by the guiding device.
  • the anchoring devices 7 which show a proportionately small cross-section in at least that part breaking through the surface 14 or the surface layer of the bottom 12 and preferably with engagement devices 19 loading the load of the guiding devices 4 a distance below the surface 14 or surface layer of the bottom 12.
  • the anchoring devices 7 are thus arranged besides to anchor the guiding devices 4 .and the guiding elements 16 to transfer the load of the guiding devices and the guiding elements a distance below the surface of the bottom and can by this show engagement devices, which are arranged to be able to engage the bottom a distance below the surface of the bottom.
  • the guiding devices 4 show a cross-section mainly of a V or U turned upside down, whereby one or both legs form such a said wall 16 or similar.
  • the arrangement comprises sup ⁇ ports 8 for the support and bearing of the guiding device 4, whereby the guiding device 4 rests against the upper part of the support by the fact that the guiding device lie against the support 8 in the angle between the legs of the guiding device or the area for the connection of the legs with each other and the support is anchored preferably by means of such a said anchoring device 7, which transfer the load of the guiding device 4, the support 8, etc. to a distance below the surface 14 or surface layer of the bottom 12.
  • the support 8 comprises besides an anchoring device 7 a carrier 9, for example in form of a tube and a spacer 10, which according to the embodi- ment exa ⁇ ple extends between the carrier 9 and the anchoring device or to the surface 14 of the bottom 12.
  • the support 8 can be shaped in such a way that the anchoring device 7 forms an extension of the support 8 or the spacer 10.
  • the guiding devices 4 will be totally concealed in the water 2, i.e. will not or does not need to be visible, as they only will extend fifty centi ⁇ metres from the surface 14 of bed.
  • the guid ⁇ ing devices 4 reach to just under the surface 15 of the water and by that stop all movements in the water 2, which in turn i.a. give less or elimin ⁇ ate the force of impact of waves against the shore and spread the force exposed to the coast of especially the pressure of the sand.
  • the guiding devices 4 or the guiding elements 16 guide bottom currents 11 and break waves 18, see Fig. 6.
  • the use of beach locks or holder elements 5 create a more rapid addi ⁇ tion, as they capture, keep and stabilize the ground so that the sand have time to settle and in applicable cases drain the surface water and subsoil water, which is lead off to the water 2.
  • the holder elements 5 or the indi ⁇ vidual elements 20 are shaped in such a way that they does not stem the water but the water shall be able to pass, why holder elements 5 or indi ⁇ vidual elements 20 are arranged between the guiding devices 4 or the end 6 of them and shore 3 or shoreline, see the arrows 24 in Fig. 5.
  • sand transfer and bottcm currents in water and surface currents in water relate to movements in water at high and low pressure at the place in question.
  • Fig. 9 the mova ⁇ ents at high and low pressure are shown by the arrows 26 and 27 respectively.
  • Sand is added when currents in the water 2 are influenced by high pressure, as it is forced towards land 1.
  • Sand is torn off the shore 3 by the cur ⁇ rents at low pressure.
  • change of currents can, for example, refilling 25 of sand decrease or deteriorate.
  • the erosion system can thus be based on the factors: a) No load on bottom/bed. b) The protective guidings are underneath the surface of water in order to direct sand and bottom currents. c) The protective guidings are in a direction from the shore so that the waves are broken in the middle of a trough of a wave or so when normal water level and normal waves exist, approximately 0,5 to 1 metre in height. d) The beach locks are attached in the direction from the protective guid- ings and towards the shore and between the guidings perpendicularly to the shore. e) The beach lock is applied to the shoreline with excavation and is filled up.
  • a shore line it is arranged at least two guiding devices 4 at a dis ⁇ tance from one another, whereby two adjacent guiding devices are arranged for an united action with each other, of which one guiding device is arranged at an angle preferably below 90 to land or shoreline and the other guiding device is arranged at an angle preferably exceeding 90° to land or shoreline, i.e. at an angle below 90 but seen from land in a divergent direction to the first mentioned guiding device.
  • two guiding devices 4 are arranged at a distance from each other for co-operation with each other and in applic- able cases, when the affected shore area is of some length, one or more units of guiding devices 4 are arranged at a distance from the first mentioned unit of guiding devices, whereby the relative angle of the guid ⁇ ing devices, i.e. directions towards land, in respective unit of guiding devices can vary or be different depending on local conditions.
  • the guiding devices can be of another construction and shape, the directions and the number of guiding devices can vary, as well as the location and the number of holder elements. Materials and shape of guiding devices and holder elements can be another.
  • the anchoring devices can also be of another type or shaping but should fulfil the demands of a small cross-section in the area of the ground, bed or in the breaking through of the surface or surface layer of the ground or bed and transfer ⁇ ring of the load from the arrangement and/or the protective guidings to a distance below the surface of the ground or bed.
  • the method and the arran ⁇ gement are also applicable for the intended purpose or purposes in other areas between land and water than the exemplified, as in lakes, streams, rivers. Further, the method and the arrangement are applicable in the cases where foremost erosion or injurious influence of erosion shall be prevented or be stopped, whereby perhaps foremost guiding devices are utilized, while the holder elements in applicable cases are formost utili ⁇ zed for anchoring the shoreline or banks.
  • the method and the arrangement in accordance with the invention are thus not restricted to what has been shewn and described in the en-bodiment exa ⁇ ples, but soley by the following claims.

Landscapes

  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Méthode et dispositif destinés à prévenir l'érosion ou l'effet nocif de l'érosion dans des zones situées entre la terre (1) et l'eau (2), telles que des zones de littoral, de rives et de berges ; ladite méthode et ledit dispositif sont utilisables dans les cas où l'on cherche à accroître les zones de terre ou de rives. Des dispositifs de guidage (4) sont disposés dans l'eau (2) en contact avec la terre (1), à une certaine distance du rivage (3). Les dispositifs de guidage (4) comprennent des éléments de guidage (16) ayant la forme d'un mur et des dispositifs d'ancrage pour ancrer les dispositifs de guidage et/ou les éléments de guidage dans le fond. Chaque dispositif de guidage (4) et chaque élément de guidage (16) est monté de manière à se prolonger à un certain angle en direction du rivage (3) à partir du fond en direction de la surface de l'eau.
EP19910917470 1990-10-03 1991-10-03 Methode servant a prevenir l'erosion et l'influence nocive de l'erosion et dispositifs de realisation Withdrawn EP0551353A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9003180 1990-10-03
SE9003180A SE9003180A0 (sv) 1990-10-03 1990-10-03 Sätt att förhindra skadlig inverkan av erosion samt anordning för genomförande av förfarandet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0551353A1 true EP0551353A1 (fr) 1993-07-21

Family

ID=20380563

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910917470 Withdrawn EP0551353A1 (fr) 1990-10-03 1991-10-03 Methode servant a prevenir l'erosion et l'influence nocive de l'erosion et dispositifs de realisation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0551353A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06504334A (fr)
AU (1) AU8642191A (fr)
CA (1) CA2093323A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4192413T1 (fr)
NL (1) NL9120021A (fr)
SE (1) SE9003180A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992006249A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR1001234B (el) * 1992-07-17 1993-06-30 Konstantinos Goudas Συστημα προστασιας και αναπλασης ακτων (σπαα).
DE60122347T2 (de) * 2000-08-29 2007-08-16 Artificial Surf Reefs Ltd. Methode zum küstenschutz

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US825996A (en) * 1905-10-27 1906-07-17 Jennie Whitney Continuous fascine.
FR1040576A (fr) * 1950-06-05 1953-10-16 Neyrpic Ets Perfectionnements aux procédés utilisés pour la correction des cours d'eau ou la protection des plages
US4717286A (en) * 1982-11-10 1988-01-05 Gulf Applied Technologies, Inc. Anti-scour apparatus and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9206249A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL9120021A (nl) 1993-07-01
DE9190136U1 (de) 1994-04-21
AU8642191A (en) 1992-04-28
SE9003180D0 (sv) 1990-10-03
CA2093323A1 (fr) 1992-04-04
WO1992006249A1 (fr) 1992-04-16
SE9003180A0 (sv) 1992-04-07
DE4192413T1 (de) 1993-10-07
JPH06504334A (ja) 1994-05-19

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