EP0550748A1 - Solid/gas reaction cooling plant having a reactor equipped with cooling means. - Google Patents

Solid/gas reaction cooling plant having a reactor equipped with cooling means.

Info

Publication number
EP0550748A1
EP0550748A1 EP92917729A EP92917729A EP0550748A1 EP 0550748 A1 EP0550748 A1 EP 0550748A1 EP 92917729 A EP92917729 A EP 92917729A EP 92917729 A EP92917729 A EP 92917729A EP 0550748 A1 EP0550748 A1 EP 0550748A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
installation according
reactors
condenser
installation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92917729A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0550748B1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Bernier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe National Elf Aquitaine
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0550748A1 publication Critical patent/EP0550748A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0550748B1 publication Critical patent/EP0550748B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B35/00—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption
    • F25B35/04—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption using a solid as sorbent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F25B17/083—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorbers operating alternately

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation for producing cold using a solid and a gas (or fluid).
  • the known installation implements, for example, a reaction between a salt such as MnCls and a gas such as ammonia (NHa), as described for example in French patent 2,615,601.
  • a salt such as MnCls
  • a gas such as ammonia (NHa)
  • This installation comprises one or more reactors containing the solid, which are connected to an evaporator and a condenser by pipes in which the gas circulates.
  • Solid / gas reaction installations of the aforementioned type comprise finned reactors cooperating with fans to cool them.
  • This cooling method has the following disadvantages in particular:
  • the invention can also be applied to cold production installations using adsorption between a solid such as a zeolite and a fluid such as water.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the refrigeration installations known above.
  • the invention thus relates to an installation for producing cold using a solid and a gas, comprising at least one enclosure containing the solid and connected to an evaporator and a condenser by pipes in which the gas circulates, "means being provided to cool the enclosure.
  • said means comprise an exchanger in a heat exchange condition with the solid contained in the enclosure, this exchanger being filled with a refrigerant and being connected by pipes to a condenser which is cooled.
  • the installation is characterized in that said means comprise an envelope surrounding the wall of the reactor and defining therewith an enclosure filled with a refrigerating fluid and connected by pipes to a condenser which is in condition d heat exchange with a fan or water cooling circuit.
  • the cooling of the reactor is thus ensured by the refrigerant which circulates in the enclosure surrounding the reactor or in an internal exchanger, this fluid itself being cooled in the condenser.
  • the thermal inertia of the reactor is much lower than in fan-cooled fin reactors.
  • a single condenser exchanger can cool several reactors, thereby reducing the size of the installation.
  • the heat dissipation can be located anywhere, which facilitates the installation of the installation, for example in a road vehicle.
  • the envelope defining an enclosure around the reactor provides thermal insulation which, in addition to reducing thermal losses, prevents the salt contained in the reactor from being at an insufficient temperature in relation to the temperature at very low outside temperatures. thermal equilibrium. In addition, the removal of the fans associated with each reactor reduces energy costs as well as operating noise.
  • said condenser is connected to the enclosure by a first tube communicating with the lower part of the enclosure and provided with a valve, a second tube being connected to the upper part of the enclosure.
  • said condenser connected to the enclosure is distinct from the condenser which is connected to the reactor and to the evaporator.
  • said refrigerant is the same as that used for the implementation in the reactor of the solid / gas reaction.
  • This fluid may be ammonia, when it is a reaction between a salt such as MnCl2 and NH 3 .
  • the installation comprises only one condenser, the reactor cooling enclosure being connected to this condenser by a pipe which communicates with the upper part of this enclosure.
  • the condenser used to cool the reactor (s) is the same as that which is normally already planned in the installation. It suffices that this condenser is oversized.
  • the above version of the installation is therefore very simple in design. In addition, it contains only one fluid, namely ammonia, which facilitates filling.
  • ammonia has the advantage of having a high latent heat of vaporization and presents no risk of freezing or decomposition in a very wide range of temperatures.
  • FIG. 1 is the diagram of a first version of a refrigeration installation according to
  • FIG. 2 is the diagram of a second version of a refrigeration installation according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is the diagram of a third version of a refrigeration installation
  • FIG. 4 is the diagram of a refrigeration installation with three reactors
  • FIG. 5 is the diagram of another refrigeration installation with three reactors.
  • the installation for producing cold implementing a reaction between a solid and a gas comprises a reactor containing the solid S and connected to an evaporator E and a condenser C by pipes 100, 200 in which a fluid G circulates.
  • the means for cooling the reactor R comprise an envelope 300 surrounding the wall 400 of the reactor R and defining therewith a enclosure 500 filled with a refrigerant connected by pipes 600, 700 to a condenser 900 which is in heat exchange condition with a fan 110.
  • a fan 110 is also associated with the evaporator E and the condenser C.
  • the enclosure 500 thus constitutes an evaporator.
  • the condenser 900 is connected to the enclosure 500 by a first tubing 600 communicating with the lower part of the enclosure 500 and provided with a valve 111, a second tubing 700 being connected to the upper part of the enclosure 500.
  • the condenser 900 connected to the enclosure 500 is distinct from the condenser C which is connected to the reactor R and to the evaporator E.
  • the enclosure 500 and the condenser 900 thus replace the cooling fins known reactors.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 1 Compared to the finned cooling mode, the embodiment of FIG. 1 has the following advantages: - lower thermal inertia,
  • the refrigerant G which circulates in the enclosure 500 is the same as that used for the implementation in the reactor R of the solid / gas reaction.
  • the enclosure 500 of the reactor R is connected by a tube 120 to the tank 130 of storage of said fluid G located between 1 "evaporator E and the condenser Ci.
  • This pipe 120 is provided with a valve 140 and communicates with the lower part of the enclosure 500.
  • the installation does not has only one condenser Ci.
  • the cooling enclosure 500 of the reactor R is connected to a condenser Ci by a tube 150 which communicates with the upper part of this enclosure.
  • the single condenser Ci has a heat exchange power greater than that (condenser C of FIG. 1) used when the cooling of reactor R is ensured by means of a separate condenser.
  • the refrigerant used to cool the reactor R is of
  • FIG. 2 Compared to the embodiment of FIG. 1, that shown in FIG. 2 has the following advantages: - reduction in cost, due to the replacement of two condensers associated with two fans by a single condenser and a fan,
  • the installation comprises an external source of energy 160 for heating the reactor R.
  • the reactor R comprises cooling fins 170 with which a fan 18 is associated.
  • heat exchange means 19 are provided which communicate by pipes 200, 210 with a tank 220 filled with a heat transfer fluid 230 which is heated by the external energy source 160.
  • the heat exchange means 190 are constituted by a tube 190a forming a coil inside the reactor R.
  • the heat transfer fluid 230 is heated so as to form an equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases, the circulation of the fluid in the heat exchange means 190 being by thermosyphon.
  • the fluid is water brought to about 200 ° C under a pressure equal to about 15.10 9 Pascals.
  • the energy source 160 can be supplied by heat recovery from the exhaust of the internal combustion engine.
  • This energy source can however be constituted by a gas or oil burner, by an electrical resistance or by a solar collector.
  • the fins of the reactor can be replaced by an evaporator exchanger identical to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the refrigeration installation comprises three solid / gas reactors RI, R2, R3 each containing a salt Si, S ⁇ , S3 such as manganese chloride.
  • Each reactor has an inlet / outlet for ammonia gas 2 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ , 23.
  • the operation of the installation comprises the following three phases: - Phase 1:
  • the RI reactor receives thermal energy through the 3 ⁇ exchanger which surrounds the reactor. This thermal energy comes from the heating source 31.
  • the latter brings a liquid (water for example) contained in a pressurized tank 29 to boiling.
  • the water vapor formed passes through the piping 28 and is directed to the manifold 12.
  • This vapor at a temperature of the order of 180 ⁇ C enters via the pipe 27 in the exchanger 3 ⁇ of the reactor RI, where it condenses by heating the reactor.
  • the condensed water then passes at the outlet of the exchanger by the magnetic valve 6 which is in the open position and goes by gravity to the manifold 14 which returns the water to the tank 29 through the piping 30 to form a new cycle .
  • the magnetic valve 7 ⁇ is open allowing the desorption of the RI reactor in ammonia.
  • the ammonia gas goes to the condenser 16 via the manifold 11 and the pipe 15. There, the gas condenses under the effect of the cooling of the outside air, using the fan 17.
  • the liquid formed is sent to the reserve 19 by the piping 18.
  • the reactor R2 in the absorption phase the magnetic valve 82 is open, which creates a suction of ammonia at low temperature from the evaporator 22 to the inlet 22 of the reactor R2.
  • the evaporator 22 is supplied with liquid ammonia by means of an expansion device 21.
  • the valve 25 is a regulating valve making it possible to control the temperature of evaporation in the evaporator 22 and consequently the production of cold .
  • the phase of absorption of ammonia by the salt in the reactor R2 is exothermic, which requires removing the heat produced by through the exchanger 2 of the reactor, the magnetic valve 52 then being in the open position.
  • the exchanger 2 is supplied at the bottom with ammonia liquid coming from the bottle 19 by gravity through the piping 26 and the manifold 13.
  • the condenser 16 the gaseous ammonia condenses thanks to the cooling of the outside air which circulates therein. using the fan 17.
  • the liquid formed returns to the reservoir 19 to form a new cycle.
  • the R3 reactor is in the cooling phase.
  • the valve 53 is open and the exchanger 4s receives liquid ammonia coming from the reservoir 19.
  • the liquid vaporizes therein thus cooling the reactor from 180 ° C. to the condensing temperature of the condenser 16.
  • the vapor passes through the piping 3 and therefore goes into the condenser 16 via the manifold 11 and the piping 15.
  • the RI reactor is in the cooling phase.
  • the reactor R2 is in the heating phase.
  • the R3 reactor is in the absorption phase.
  • the RI reactor is in the absorption phase.
  • the reactor R2 is in the heating phase.
  • the R3 reactor is in the cooling phase.
  • phase 2 the respective valves of the reactors are opened as already indicated in phase 1.
  • the thermal energy received by the exchanger 31 can be provided either by a gas or oil burner or by any other source of heat at a sufficient temperature.
  • the cooling circuit of the reactors RI, R2, R3 is independent of the refrigeration circuit.
  • the installation in this case comprises a second condenser 42.
  • the pipes 9 ⁇ , 9 2 , 93 at the outlet of the exchangers 4 ⁇ , 4s, 3 are connected to a manifold 40 which is connected to the upper part of the condenser 42 by the pipe 41.
  • the liquid formed in the condenser 42 is poured into another tank 44 by the piping 43.
  • the piping 26 is in this case, connected to this tank 44 and allows the supply of liquid to the evaporator exchangers 4, 2, 3 through the manifold 13 and the magnetic valves 5 ⁇ , 5 2 , 5 3 .
  • the source of thermal energy comes from a heat recovery exchanger 46 supplied with 49 by a hot fluid, such as exhaust gases from a heat engine. After cooling in the exchanger 48, this fluid leaves the exchanger through the discharge 50.
  • the exchange surface is represented by 47. The heat has the effect of vaporizing the liquid coming from the reservoir 29 by gravity in the exchanger 46 by through the magnetic inlet valve 55 and the piping 45.
  • the steam formed in the exchanger 46 returns to the upper part of the tank 29 via the piping 48.
  • the pipes 45 and 48 connecting the tank 29 to the exchanger 46 can be fitted with automatic fittings 51, 52, 53, 54 to facilitate the installation of the system.
  • the exchanger 46 can also be a solar collector.
  • valves 5 ⁇ , 52, 53, ..., 6 ⁇ , 6 ⁇ , 63 and 55 can be replaced by thermal emulsifiers preventing during their operation the return of the liquid to the corresponding evaporator.
  • the invention is not limited of course to the production of cold, it can also be applied to the production of heat by chemical heat pump.
  • the invention is applicable in particular to the cooling of refrigerated trucks, to the air conditioning of all types of motor vehicles, to heating, to the production of hot water. Furthermore, the condensers, instead of being cooled by air, can be cooled by a water cooling circuit.
  • the invention also applies to the production of cold by adsorption between a solid and a fluid.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR92/00736 Sec. 371 Date May 24, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date May 24, 1993 PCT Filed Jul. 24, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/03314 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 18, 1993.A cooling plant bringing into play a reaction between a solid and a gas, comprises at least two solid-containing reactors connected to an evaporator and a condensor by means of tubes in which the gas flows. Means are provided for cooling the reactor. Said means comprise a heat exchanger filled with a refrigerating agent and connected by tubes to a condensor in heat exchange arrangement with a fan.

Description

INSTALLATION POUR PRODUIRE DU FROID PAR REACTION SOLIDE/GAZ, LE REACTEUR COMPORTANT DES MOYENS DE REFROIDISSEMENT.INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING COLD BY SOLID / GAS REACTION, THE REACTOR INCLUDING MEANS OF COOLING.
La présente invention concerne une installation pour produire du froid mettant en oeuvre un solide et un gaz (ou fluide) .The present invention relates to an installation for producing cold using a solid and a gas (or fluid).
L'installation connue met en oeuvre par exemple une réaction entre un sel tel que du MnCls et un gaz tel que de l'ammoniac (NHa ) , comme décrit par exemple dans le brevet français 2 615 601.The known installation implements, for example, a reaction between a salt such as MnCls and a gas such as ammonia (NHa), as described for example in French patent 2,615,601.
Cette installation comprend un ou plusieurs réacteurs renfermant le solide, qui sont reliés à un évaporateur et un condenseur par des tubulures dans lesquelles circule le gaz.This installation comprises one or more reactors containing the solid, which are connected to an evaporator and a condenser by pipes in which the gas circulates.
L'intérêt de ce type d'installation réside dans le fait que la source de chaleur nécessaire à son fonctionnement peut être fournie par de l'énergie thermique, contrairement aux installations frigorifiques classiques à compresseur.The advantage of this type of installation lies in the fact that the heat source necessary for its operation can be supplied by thermal energy, unlike conventional refrigeration installations with compressors.
Les installations à réaction solide/gaz du type précité comportent des réacteurs à ailettes coopérant avec des ventilateurs pour les refroidir. Ce mode de refroidissement présente notamment les inconvénients suivants :Solid / gas reaction installations of the aforementioned type comprise finned reactors cooperating with fans to cool them. This cooling method has the following disadvantages in particular:
- il augmente l'inertie thermique du réacteur ainsi que les pertes thermiques lors de la phase de chauffage des réacteurs, - il augmente l'encombrement de l'installation, notamment du fait que chaque réacteur doit être associé à un ventilateur,- it increases the thermal inertia of the reactor as well as the thermal losses during the heating phase of the reactors, - it increases the size of the installation, in particular because each reactor must be associated with a fan,
- il ne permet pas d'obtenir une installation compacte pouvant être disposée n'importe où, du fait de la présence des ventilateurs.- it does not make it possible to obtain a compact installation which can be placed anywhere, due to the presence of the fans.
L'invention peut s'appliquer également aux installations de production de froid mettant en oeuvre une adsorption entre un solide tel qu'un zéolithe et un fluide tel que de l'eau. Le but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients des installations frigorifiques connues ci-dessus.The invention can also be applied to cold production installations using adsorption between a solid such as a zeolite and a fluid such as water. The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the refrigeration installations known above.
L'invention vise ainsi une installation pour produire du froid mettant en oeuvre un solide et un gaz, comprenant au moins une enceinte renfermant le solide et reliée à un évaporateur et un condenseur par des tubulures dans lesquelles circule le gaz, des « moyens étant prévus pour assurer le refroidissement de l'enceinte.The invention thus relates to an installation for producing cold using a solid and a gas, comprising at least one enclosure containing the solid and connected to an evaporator and a condenser by pipes in which the gas circulates, "means being provided to cool the enclosure.
Suivant l'invention, lesdits moyens comprennent un échangeur en condition d'échange thermique avec le solide contenu dans 1'enceinte, cet échangeur étant rempli d'un fluide frigorigène et étant relié par des tubulures à un condenseur qui est refroidi.According to the invention, said means comprise an exchanger in a heat exchange condition with the solid contained in the enclosure, this exchanger being filled with a refrigerant and being connected by pipes to a condenser which is cooled.
Selon une version préférée, l'installation est caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens comprennent une enveloppe entourant la paroi du réacteur et définissant avec celle-ci une enceinte remplie d'un fluide frigorifique et reliée par des tubulures à un condenseur qui est en condition d'échange thermique avec un ventilateur ou un circuit de refroidissement à eau.According to a preferred version, the installation is characterized in that said means comprise an envelope surrounding the wall of the reactor and defining therewith an enclosure filled with a refrigerating fluid and connected by pipes to a condenser which is in condition d heat exchange with a fan or water cooling circuit.
Le refroidissement du réacteur est ainsi assuré par le fluide frigorigène qui circule dans l'enceinte entourant le réacteur ou dans un échangeur interne, ce fluide étant lui-même refroidi dans le condenseur.The cooling of the reactor is thus ensured by the refrigerant which circulates in the enclosure surrounding the reactor or in an internal exchanger, this fluid itself being cooled in the condenser.
L'installation selon l'invention présente ainsi les avantages suivants :The installation according to the invention thus has the following advantages:
L'inertie thermique du réacteur est beaucoup plus faible que dans les réacteurs à ailettes refroidis par un ventilateur.The thermal inertia of the reactor is much lower than in fan-cooled fin reactors.
Lors de la phase de chauffage du réacteur, les pertes thermiques sont diminuées.During the heating phase of the reactor, the heat losses are reduced.
Un échangeur condenseur unique peut refroidir plusieurs réacteurs, ce qui permet de réduire l'encombrement de l'installation. De plus, l'évacuation de la chaleur peut être localisée n'importe où, ce qui facilite l'implantation de l'installation, par exemple dans un véhicule routier.A single condenser exchanger can cool several reactors, thereby reducing the size of the installation. In addition, the heat dissipation can be located anywhere, which facilitates the installation of the installation, for example in a road vehicle.
L'enveloppe définissant une enceinte autour du réacteur assure une isolation thermique qui, outre la réduction des pertes thermiques, évite qu'en cas de très basse température extérieure, le sel contenu dans le réacteur ne se trouve à une température insuffisante par rapport à l'équilibre thermique. Par ailleurs, la suppression des ventilateurs associés à chaque réacteur, réduit les dépenses d'énergie ainsi que le bruit de fonctionnement.The envelope defining an enclosure around the reactor provides thermal insulation which, in addition to reducing thermal losses, prevents the salt contained in the reactor from being at an insufficient temperature in relation to the temperature at very low outside temperatures. thermal equilibrium. In addition, the removal of the fans associated with each reactor reduces energy costs as well as operating noise.
Selon une version avantageuse de l'invention, ledit condenseur est relié à l'enceinte par une première tubulure communiquant avec la partie inférieure de l'enceinte et munie d'une vanne, une seconde tubulure étant reliée à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte.According to an advantageous version of the invention, said condenser is connected to the enclosure by a first tube communicating with the lower part of the enclosure and provided with a valve, a second tube being connected to the upper part of the enclosure. .
Dans un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, ledit condenseur relié à l'enceinte est distinct du condenseur qui est relié au réacteur et à 1'évaporateur.In a first embodiment of the invention, said condenser connected to the enclosure is distinct from the condenser which is connected to the reactor and to the evaporator.
Dans un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, ledit fluide frigorigène est le même que celui utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre dans le réacteur de la réaction solide/gaz.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said refrigerant is the same as that used for the implementation in the reactor of the solid / gas reaction.
Ce fluide peut-être l'ammoniac, lorsqu'il s'agit d'une réaction entre un sel tel que le MnCl2 et NH3.This fluid may be ammonia, when it is a reaction between a salt such as MnCl2 and NH 3 .
Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'installation ne comporte qu'un seul condenseur, l'enceinte de refroidissement du réacteur étant reliée à ce condenseur par une tubulure qui communique avec la partie supérieure de cette enceinte.In this embodiment, the installation comprises only one condenser, the reactor cooling enclosure being connected to this condenser by a pipe which communicates with the upper part of this enclosure.
Ainsi, le condenseur utilisé pour refroidir le ou les réacteurs est le même que celui qui est normalement déjà prévu dans l'installation. Il suffit que ce condenseur soit surdimensionné.Thus, the condenser used to cool the reactor (s) is the same as that which is normally already planned in the installation. It suffices that this condenser is oversized.
La version ci-dessus de l'installation est ainsi de conception très simple. De plus, elle ne comporte qu'un seul fluide à savoir l'ammoniac, ce qui facilite les remplissages.The above version of the installation is therefore very simple in design. In addition, it contains only one fluid, namely ammonia, which facilitates filling.
De plus, 1'ammoniac présente 1'avantage de présenter une forte chaleur latente de vaporisation et ne présente aucun risque de gel ou de décomposition dans une très large gamme de températures.In addition, ammonia has the advantage of having a high latent heat of vaporization and presents no risk of freezing or decomposition in a very wide range of temperatures.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci- après.Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the description below.
Aux dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs :In the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples:
- la figure 1 est le schéma d'une première version d'une installation frigorifique selon- Figure 1 is the diagram of a first version of a refrigeration installation according to
1'inventio ,The invention,
- la figure 2 est le schéma d'une deuxième version d'une installation frigorifique selon l'invention,FIG. 2 is the diagram of a second version of a refrigeration installation according to the invention,
- la figure 3 est le schéma d'une troisième version d'une installation frigorifique,- Figure 3 is the diagram of a third version of a refrigeration installation,
- la figure 4 est le schéma d'une installation frigorifique à trois réacteurs,FIG. 4 is the diagram of a refrigeration installation with three reactors,
- la figure 5 est le schéma d'une autre installation frigorifique à trois réacteurs.- Figure 5 is the diagram of another refrigeration installation with three reactors.
Dans la réalisation de la figure 1, l'installation pour produire du froid mettant en oeuvre une réaction entre un solide et un gaz, comprend un réacteur renfermant le solide S et relié à un évaporateur E et un condenseur C par des tubulures 100, 200 dans lesquelles circule un fluide G.In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the installation for producing cold implementing a reaction between a solid and a gas, comprises a reactor containing the solid S and connected to an evaporator E and a condenser C by pipes 100, 200 in which a fluid G circulates.
Les moyens pour assurer le refroidissement du réacteur R comprennent une enveloppe 300 entourant la paroi 400 du réacteur R et définissant avec celle-ci une enceinte 500 remplie d'un fluide frigorigène reliée par des tubulures 600, 700 à un condenseur 900 qui est en condition d'échange thermique avec un ventilateur 110. Un ventilateur 110 est également associé à 1'évaporateur E et au condenseur C.The means for cooling the reactor R comprise an envelope 300 surrounding the wall 400 of the reactor R and defining therewith a enclosure 500 filled with a refrigerant connected by pipes 600, 700 to a condenser 900 which is in heat exchange condition with a fan 110. A fan 110 is also associated with the evaporator E and the condenser C.
L'enceinte 500 constitue ainsi un évaporateur. Le condenseur 900 est relié à l'enceinte 500 par une première tubulure 600 communiquant avec la partie inférieure de l'enceinte 500 et munie d'une vanne 111, une seconde tubulure 700 étant reliée à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte 500.The enclosure 500 thus constitutes an evaporator. The condenser 900 is connected to the enclosure 500 by a first tubing 600 communicating with the lower part of the enclosure 500 and provided with a valve 111, a second tubing 700 being connected to the upper part of the enclosure 500.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, le condenseur 900 relié à l'enceinte 500 est distinct du condenseur C qui est relié au réacteur R et à 1'évaporateur E. L'enceinte 500 et le condenseur 900 remplacent ainsi les ailettes de refroidissement des réacteurs connus.In the example of FIG. 1, the condenser 900 connected to the enclosure 500 is distinct from the condenser C which is connected to the reactor R and to the evaporator E. The enclosure 500 and the condenser 900 thus replace the cooling fins known reactors.
Par rapport au mode de refroidissement à ailettes, la réalisation de la figure 1 présente les avantages suivants : - inertie thermique plus faible,Compared to the finned cooling mode, the embodiment of FIG. 1 has the following advantages: - lower thermal inertia,
- diminution des pertes thermiques,- reduction in heat losses,
- possibilité de refroidir plusieurs réacteurs au moyen d'un échangeur-condenseur unique,- possibility of cooling several reactors by means of a single exchanger-condenser,
- réduction de l'encombrement de l'installation,- reduction in the size of the installation,
- possibilité d'évacuer la chaleur n'importe où,- possibility of removing heat anywhere,
- isolation thermique du réacteur,- thermal insulation of the reactor,
- réduction du coût et du bruit de fonctionnement.- reduction in cost and operating noise.
Dans la version représentée sur la figure 2, le fluide frigorigène G qui circule dans l'enceinte 500 est le même que celui utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre dans le réacteur R de la réaction solide/gaz. Dans cet exemple, l'enceinte 500 du réacteur R est reliée par une tubulure 120 au réservoir 130 de stockage dudit fluide G situé entre 1"évaporateur E et le condenseur Ci . Cette tubulure 120 est munie d'une vanne 140 et communique avec la partie inférieure de l'enceinte 500. Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, l'installation ne comporte qu'un seul condenseur Ci. L'enceinte 500 de refroidissement du réacteur R est reliée à un condenseur Ci par une tubulure 150 qui communique avec la partie supérieure de cette enceinte. Le condenseur unique Ci a un pouvoir d'échange thermique supérieur à celui (condenseur C de la figure 1) utilisé lorsque le refroidissement du réacteur R est assuré au moyen d'un condenseur distinct.In the version shown in Figure 2, the refrigerant G which circulates in the enclosure 500 is the same as that used for the implementation in the reactor R of the solid / gas reaction. In this example, the enclosure 500 of the reactor R is connected by a tube 120 to the tank 130 of storage of said fluid G located between 1 "evaporator E and the condenser Ci. This pipe 120 is provided with a valve 140 and communicates with the lower part of the enclosure 500. In the example of FIG. 2, the installation does not has only one condenser Ci. The cooling enclosure 500 of the reactor R is connected to a condenser Ci by a tube 150 which communicates with the upper part of this enclosure. The single condenser Ci has a heat exchange power greater than that (condenser C of FIG. 1) used when the cooling of reactor R is ensured by means of a separate condenser.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, le fluide frigorigène utilisé pour refroidir le réacteur R est deIn the example of FIG. 2, the refrigerant used to cool the reactor R is of
1'ammoniac.Ammonia.
Par rapport à la réalisation de la figure 1, celle représentée sur la figure 2 présente les avantages suivants : - réduction du coût, du fait du remplacement de deux condenseurs associés à deux ventilateurs par un condenseur et un ventilateur uniques,Compared to the embodiment of FIG. 1, that shown in FIG. 2 has the following advantages: - reduction in cost, due to the replacement of two condensers associated with two fans by a single condenser and a fan,
- réduction de l'encombrement,- reduction in size,
- plus grande facilité de gestion du fait de l'utilisation d'un seul fluide frigorigène.- greater ease of management due to the use of a single refrigerant.
Dans la réalisation représentée à la figure 3, l'installation comprend une source d'énergie extérieure 160 pour chauffer le réacteur R. Dans cet exemple, le réacteur R comporte des ailettes 170 de refroidissement auxquelles est associé un ventilateur 18.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the installation comprises an external source of energy 160 for heating the reactor R. In this example, the reactor R comprises cooling fins 170 with which a fan 18 is associated.
A l'intérieur du réacteur R sont prévus des moyens d'échange thermique 19 qui communiquent par des tubulures 200, 210 avec un réservoir 220 rempli d'un fluide caloporteur 230 qui est chauffé par la source d'énergie extérieure 160. Dans cet exemple, les moyens d'échange thermique 190 sont constitués par une tubulure 190a formant un serpentin à l'intérieur du réacteur R.Inside the reactor R, heat exchange means 19 are provided which communicate by pipes 200, 210 with a tank 220 filled with a heat transfer fluid 230 which is heated by the external energy source 160. In this example, the heat exchange means 190 are constituted by a tube 190a forming a coil inside the reactor R.
Le fluide caloporteur 230 est chauffé de façon à former un équilibre entre les phases liquide et vapeur, la circulation du fluide dans les moyens d'échange thermique 190 se faisant par thermosiphon.The heat transfer fluid 230 is heated so as to form an equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases, the circulation of the fluid in the heat exchange means 190 being by thermosyphon.
De préférence, le fluide est de l'eau portée à environ 200°C sous une pression égale à environ 15.109 Pascals.Preferably, the fluid is water brought to about 200 ° C under a pressure equal to about 15.10 9 Pascals.
Lorsque l'installation est prévue sur un véhicule à moteur thermique, la source d'énergie 160 peut être fournie par récupération de chaleur sur l'échappement du moteur thermique. Cette source d'énergie peut cependant être constituée par un brûleur à gaz ou fioul, par une résistance électrique ou par un capteur solaire.When the installation is provided on a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, the energy source 160 can be supplied by heat recovery from the exhaust of the internal combustion engine. This energy source can however be constituted by a gas or oil burner, by an electrical resistance or by a solar collector.
Les avantages de l'installation représentée sur la figure 3 sont les suivants : - suppression des pompes pour faire circuler le fluide entre la source d'énergie extérieure et le réacteur,The advantages of the installation shown in FIG. 3 are as follows: - elimination of the pumps for circulating the fluid between the external energy source and the reactor,
- réduction de l'encombrement,- reduction in size,
- diminution du coût de fonctionnement, - grande homogénéité de température au sein du réacteur,- reduction in operating cost, - high temperature uniformity within the reactor,
- excellent échange thermique.- excellent heat exchange.
Bien entendu, dans le cas de la réalisation selon la figure 3, les ailettes du réacteur peuvent être remplacées par un échangeur évaporateur identique à celui représenté sur les figures 1 et 2.Of course, in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the fins of the reactor can be replaced by an evaporator exchanger identical to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Dans la réalisation de la figure 4, l'installation frigorifique comporte trois réacteurs solide/gaz RI, R2, R3 renfermant chacun un sel Si , S∑ , S3 tel que du chlorure de manganèse. Chaque réacteur comporte une entrée/sortie de gaz ammoniac 2ι , 2∑ , 23. Le fonctionnement de l'installation comporte les trois phases suivantes : - Phase 1 :In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the refrigeration installation comprises three solid / gas reactors RI, R2, R3 each containing a salt Si, S∑, S3 such as manganese chloride. Each reactor has an inlet / outlet for ammonia gas 2ι, 2∑, 23. The operation of the installation comprises the following three phases: - Phase 1:
Le réacteur RI reçoit de l'énergie thermique par l'échangeur 3ι qui entoure le réacteur. Cette énergie thermique provient de la source de chauffage 31. Celle-ci fait entrer en ébullition un liquide (de l'eau par exemple) contenu dans un réservoir sous pression 29. La vapeur d'eau formée passe par la tuyauterie 28 et se dirige vers le collecteur 12. Cette vapeur à une température de l'ordre de 180βC pénètre par la tuyauterie 27 dans l'échangeur 3ι du réacteur RI, où elle se condense en chauffant le réacteur. L'eau condensée passe ensuite à la sortie de 1'échangeur par la vanne magnétique 6 qui se trouve en position ouverte et se dirige gravitairement vers le collecteur 14 qui renvoie l'eau dans le réservoir 29 par la tuyauterie 30 pour former un nouveau cycle. Pendant cette phase de chauffage du réacteur RI, la vanne magnétique 7ι est ouverte permettant la désorption du réacteur RI en ammoniac. Le gaz ammoniac se dirige vers le condenseur 16 par l'intermédiaire du collecteur 11 et de la tuyauterie 15. Là, le gaz se condense sous l'effet du refroidissement de l'air extérieur, à l'aide du ventilateur 17. Le liquide formé est envoyé dans la réserve 19 par la tuyauterie 18.The RI reactor receives thermal energy through the 3ι exchanger which surrounds the reactor. This thermal energy comes from the heating source 31. The latter brings a liquid (water for example) contained in a pressurized tank 29 to boiling. The water vapor formed passes through the piping 28 and is directed to the manifold 12. This vapor at a temperature of the order of 180 β C enters via the pipe 27 in the exchanger 3ι of the reactor RI, where it condenses by heating the reactor. The condensed water then passes at the outlet of the exchanger by the magnetic valve 6 which is in the open position and goes by gravity to the manifold 14 which returns the water to the tank 29 through the piping 30 to form a new cycle . During this heating phase of the RI reactor, the magnetic valve 7ι is open allowing the desorption of the RI reactor in ammonia. The ammonia gas goes to the condenser 16 via the manifold 11 and the pipe 15. There, the gas condenses under the effect of the cooling of the outside air, using the fan 17. The liquid formed is sent to the reserve 19 by the piping 18.
Le réacteur R2 en phase d'absorption, la vanne magnétique 82 est ouverte, ce qui crée une aspiration d'ammoniac à la basse température de 1'évaporateur 22 vers l'entrée 22 du réacteur R2. L*évaporateur 22 est alimenté en ammoniac liquide par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif d'expansion 21. La vanne 25 est une vanne de régulation permettant de contrôler la température d'évaporation dans 1'évaporateur 22 et par suite la production du froid. La phase d'absorption de l'ammoniac par le sel dans le réacteur R2 est exothermique, ce qui nécessite d'évacuer la chaleur produite par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur 2 du réacteur, la vanne magnétique 52 étant alors en position ouverte. L'échangeur 2 est alimenté en partie basse par du liquide ammoniac provenant gravitairement de la bouteille 19 grâce à la tuyauterie 26 et le collecteur 13. Le liquide se vaporise dans l'échangeur 42 et la vapeur formée est récupérée à la sortie de l'échangeur par la tuyauterie 93 qui la dirige vers le condenseur 16 par l'intermédiaire du collecteur 11 et de la tuyauterie 15. Dans le condenseur 16, l'ammoniac gazeux se condense grâce au refroidissement de l'air extérieur qui y circule à l'aide du ventilateur 17. Le liquide formé retourne dans le réservoir 19 pour former un nouveau cycle.The reactor R2 in the absorption phase, the magnetic valve 82 is open, which creates a suction of ammonia at low temperature from the evaporator 22 to the inlet 22 of the reactor R2. The evaporator 22 is supplied with liquid ammonia by means of an expansion device 21. The valve 25 is a regulating valve making it possible to control the temperature of evaporation in the evaporator 22 and consequently the production of cold . The phase of absorption of ammonia by the salt in the reactor R2 is exothermic, which requires removing the heat produced by through the exchanger 2 of the reactor, the magnetic valve 52 then being in the open position. The exchanger 2 is supplied at the bottom with ammonia liquid coming from the bottle 19 by gravity through the piping 26 and the manifold 13. The liquid vaporizes in the exchanger 42 and the vapor formed is recovered at the outlet of the exchanger by the pipe 93 which directs it to the condenser 16 via the manifold 11 and the pipe 15. In the condenser 16, the gaseous ammonia condenses thanks to the cooling of the outside air which circulates therein. using the fan 17. The liquid formed returns to the reservoir 19 to form a new cycle.
Le réacteur R3 est en phase de refroidissement. La vanne 53 est ouverte et l'échangeur 4s reçoit de l'ammoniac liquide provenant du réservoir 19. Le liquide s'y vaporise refroidissant ainsi le réacteur de 180°C jusqu'à la température de condensation du condenseur 16. La vapeur passe par la tuyauterie 3 et se dirige donc dans le condenseur 16 par l'intermédiaire du collecteur 11 et de la tuyauterie 15.The R3 reactor is in the cooling phase. The valve 53 is open and the exchanger 4s receives liquid ammonia coming from the reservoir 19. The liquid vaporizes therein thus cooling the reactor from 180 ° C. to the condensing temperature of the condenser 16. The vapor passes through the piping 3 and therefore goes into the condenser 16 via the manifold 11 and the piping 15.
- Phase 2 :- Phase 2:
Le réacteur RI est en phase de refroidissement. Le réacteur R2 est en phase de chauffage. Le réacteur R3 est en phase d'absorption.The RI reactor is in the cooling phase. The reactor R2 is in the heating phase. The R3 reactor is in the absorption phase.
- Phase 3 :- Phase 3:
Le réacteur RI est en phase d'absorption. Le réacteur R2 est en phase de chauffage. Le réacteur R3 est en phase de refroidissement.The RI reactor is in the absorption phase. The reactor R2 is in the heating phase. The R3 reactor is in the cooling phase.
Au cours des phases 2 et 3, les vannes respectives des réacteurs sont ouvertes comme déjà indiqué dans la phase 1. L'énergie thermique reçue par l'échangeur 31 peut être apportée soit par un brûleur à gaz ou à fioul ou par toute autre source de chaleur à température suffisante.During phases 2 and 3, the respective valves of the reactors are opened as already indicated in phase 1. The thermal energy received by the exchanger 31 can be provided either by a gas or oil burner or by any other source of heat at a sufficient temperature.
Dans la variante représentée sur la figure 5, le circuit de refroidissement des réacteurs RI, R2, R3 est indépendant du circuit frigorifique. L'installation comporte dans ce cas un second condenseur 42. Les tuyauteries 9ι , 92 , 93 de sortie des échangeurs 4ι , 4s , 3 sont reliées à un collecteur 40 qui est relié à la partie haute du condenseur 42 par la tuyauterie 41. Le liquide formé dans le condenseur 42 se déverse dans un autre réservoir 44 par la tuyauterie 43. La tuyauterie 26 est dans ce cas, raccordée à ce réservoir 44 et permet l'alimentation en liquide des échangeurs évaporateurs 4 , 2 , 3 par le collecteur 13 et les vannes magnétiques 5ι , 52 , 53.In the variant shown in FIG. 5, the cooling circuit of the reactors RI, R2, R3 is independent of the refrigeration circuit. The installation in this case comprises a second condenser 42. The pipes 9ι, 9 2 , 93 at the outlet of the exchangers 4ι, 4s, 3 are connected to a manifold 40 which is connected to the upper part of the condenser 42 by the pipe 41. The liquid formed in the condenser 42 is poured into another tank 44 by the piping 43. The piping 26 is in this case, connected to this tank 44 and allows the supply of liquid to the evaporator exchangers 4, 2, 3 through the manifold 13 and the magnetic valves 5ι, 5 2 , 5 3 .
Dans une variante également représentée sur la figure 5, la source d'énergie thermique provient d'un échangeur de récupération de chaleur 46 alimenté en 49 par un fluide chaud, tel que des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique. Après refroidissement dans l'échangeur 48, ce fluide ressort de l'échangeur par le rejet 50. La surface d'échange est représentée par 47. La chaleur a pour effet de vaporiser le liquide provenant gravitairement du réservoir 29 dans l'échangeur 46 par l'intermédiaire de la vanne magnétique d'admission 55 et la tuyauterie 45.In a variant also shown in FIG. 5, the source of thermal energy comes from a heat recovery exchanger 46 supplied with 49 by a hot fluid, such as exhaust gases from a heat engine. After cooling in the exchanger 48, this fluid leaves the exchanger through the discharge 50. The exchange surface is represented by 47. The heat has the effect of vaporizing the liquid coming from the reservoir 29 by gravity in the exchanger 46 by through the magnetic inlet valve 55 and the piping 45.
La vapeur formée dans l'échangeur 46 retourne en partie haute du réservoir 29 par 1'intermédiaire de la tuyauterie 48. Les tuyauteries 45 et 48 reliant le réservoir 29 à l'échangeur 46 peuvent être équipées de raccords automatiques 51, 52, 53, 54 afin de faciliter l'installation du système. L'échangeur 46 peut également être un capteur solaire.The steam formed in the exchanger 46 returns to the upper part of the tank 29 via the piping 48. The pipes 45 and 48 connecting the tank 29 to the exchanger 46 can be fitted with automatic fittings 51, 52, 53, 54 to facilitate the installation of the system. The exchanger 46 can also be a solar collector.
Selon une autre variante de l'invention, les vannes 5ι , 52 , 53 , ... , 6ι , 6∑ , 63 et 55 peuvent être remplacées par des thermo-èmulseurs interdisant lors de leur fonctionnement le retour du liquide vers l'évaporateur correspondant.According to another variant of the invention, the valves 5ι, 52, 53, ..., 6ι, 6∑, 63 and 55 can be replaced by thermal emulsifiers preventing during their operation the return of the liquid to the corresponding evaporator.
L'invention n'est pas limitée bien sûr à la production de froid, elle peut également être appliquée à la production de chaleur par pompe à chaleur chimique.The invention is not limited of course to the production of cold, it can also be applied to the production of heat by chemical heat pump.
L'invention est applicable notamment au refroidissement des camions frigorifiques, à la climatisation de tous types de véhicules automobiles, au chauffage, à la production d'eau chaude. Par ailleurs, les condenseurs, au lieu d'être refroidis par de l'air peuvent l'être par un circuit de refroidissement à eau.The invention is applicable in particular to the cooling of refrigerated trucks, to the air conditioning of all types of motor vehicles, to heating, to the production of hot water. Furthermore, the condensers, instead of being cooled by air, can be cooled by a water cooling circuit.
D'autre part, l'invention s'applique également à la production de froid par adsorption entre un solide et un fluide. On the other hand, the invention also applies to the production of cold by adsorption between a solid and a fluid.

Claims

KEzaroic QHS KEzaroic QHS
1. Installation pour produire du froid, mettant en oeuvre un solide (S) et un gaz (G), comprenant au moins deux enceintes (R1.R2) renfermant un solide comprenant des moyens de refroidissement (4ι,42) reliés par des tubulures (15,26) à un condenseur (16) dont le rôle est d'évacuer à l'extérieur les chaleurs de réaction ou condensation, caractérisée en ce que ce condenseur (16) est unique et que les transferts de chaleur entre celui-ci et les réacteurs (Rι,Rz) s'effectuent par un fluide en changement de phase.1. Installation for producing cold, using a solid (S) and a gas (G), comprising at least two enclosures (R1.R2) containing a solid comprising cooling means (4ι, 42) connected by pipes (15,26) to a condenser (16) whose role is to evacuate outside the heats of reaction or condensation, characterized in that said condenser ( 16) is unique and that the heat transfer between the latter and the reactors (Rι, Rz) s' effected by a phase change fluid.
2. Installation conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le condenseur (16) est en condition d'échange thermique avec un ventilateu (17).2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the condenser (16) is in heat exchange condition with a fan (17).
3. Installation conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'enceinte de chaque réacteur (R) est constituée d'un échangeur (300) entourant la paroi (400) du réacteur et définissant avec celle ci une enceinte (500).3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the enclosure of each reactor (R) consists of an exchanger (300) surrounding the wall (400) of the reactor and defining therewith an enclosure (500).
4. Installation conforme à la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est munie d'un réservoir (19) relié par une tuyauterie (26) à la partie basse des échangeurs (4ι,42) des réacteurs.4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that it is provided with a reservoir (19) connected by a pipe (26) to the lower part of the exchangers (4ι, 42) of the reactors.
5. Installation conforme à la revendication 1, comprenant une source d'énergie extérieure (31) pour chauffer les réacteurs (Rι,Rz) caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens d'échange thermique (3ι,32) disposés à l'intérieur des réacteurs qui communiquent par des tubulures (28,30)avec la dite source (31).5. Installation according to claim 1, comprising an external energy source (31) for heating the reactors (Rι, Rz) characterized in that it comprises heat exchange means (3ι, 32) arranged at the inside of the reactors which communicate by pipes (28,30) with said source (31).
6. Installation conforme à la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens d'échange thermiques sont constitués par une tubulure formant un serpentin (190a) à l'intérieur du réacteur (R).6. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that said heat exchange means are constituted by a tube forming a coil (190a) inside the reactor (R).
7. Installation conforme à l'une des revendications 5 ou 6 , caractérisée en ce que le fluide caloporteur (230) est chauffé de façon à former un équilibre entre les phases liquide et vapeur, la circulation dans les moyens d'échange thermique (3ι,32) se faisant gravitairement.7. Installation according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the heat transfer fluid (230) is heated so as to form a balance between the liquid and vapor phases, circulation in the heat exchange means (3ι , 32) taking place by gravity.
S. Installation conforme à la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le fluide (230) est de l'eau portée à environ 200°C sous une pression égale à environ 15.105 Pascals. S. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the fluid (230) is water brought to about 200 ° C under a pressure equal to about 15.10 5 Pascals.
9. Installation conforme à l'une des revendications 5 à 8, cette installation étant prévue sur un véhicule à moteur thermique, caractérisée en ce que la source d'énergie (31) est fournie par un récupérateur (46) placé sur l'échappement du moteur thermique. 9. Installation according to one of claims 5 to 8, this installation being provided on a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, characterized in that the energy source (31) is supplied by a recuperator (46) placed on the exhaust. of the heat engine.
10. Installation conforme à l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le moyen de chauffage (31) des réacteurs est unique et est relié aux réacteurs (Rι,R2,R3) par des vannes (61,62,63) permettant de sélectionner le réacteur à chauffer.10. Installation according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the heating means (31) of the reactors is unique and is connected to the reactors (Rι, R2, R3) by valves (61,62,63 ) to select the reactor to be heated.
11. Installation conforme à l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisée en ce que les vannes (61,62,63) sont remplacées par des thermo-émulseurs.11. Installation according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the valves (61,62,63) are replaced by thermal emulsifiers.
12. Installation conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que des vannes (5ι,52,53) sont placées sur la conduite liquide des échangeurs (4ι,42,43) permettant de sélectionner le ou les réacteurs à refroidir.12. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that valves (5ι, 52.53) are placed on the liquid line of the exchangers (4ι, 42.43) for selecting the reactor or reactors to be cooled.
13. Installation conforme aux revendications 3 ou 4 , caractérisée en ce que le fluide de transfert est de l'ammoniac. 13. Installation according to claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the transfer fluid is ammonia.
EP92917729A 1991-07-26 1992-07-24 Solid/gas reaction cooling plant having a reactor equipped with cooling means Expired - Lifetime EP0550748B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9109498 1991-07-26
FR9109498A FR2679633B1 (en) 1991-07-26 1991-07-26 INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING COLD BY SOLID / GAS REACTION, THE REACTOR INCLUDING MEANS OF COOLING.
PCT/FR1992/000736 WO1993003314A1 (en) 1991-07-26 1992-07-24 Solid/gas reaction cooling plant having a reactor equipped with cooling means

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0550748A1 true EP0550748A1 (en) 1993-07-14
EP0550748B1 EP0550748B1 (en) 1996-09-11

Family

ID=9415586

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92917729A Expired - Lifetime EP0550748B1 (en) 1991-07-26 1992-07-24 Solid/gas reaction cooling plant having a reactor equipped with cooling means

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5335519A (en)
EP (1) EP0550748B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE142770T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2444292A (en)
DE (1) DE69213699T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2094366T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2679633B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993003314A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5477706A (en) * 1991-11-19 1995-12-26 Rocky Research Heat transfer apparatus and methods for solid-vapor sorption systems
US5628205A (en) * 1989-03-08 1997-05-13 Rocky Research Refrigerators/freezers incorporating solid-vapor sorption reactors capable of high reaction rates
US5598721A (en) * 1989-03-08 1997-02-04 Rocky Research Heating and air conditioning systems incorporating solid-vapor sorption reactors capable of high reaction rates
CA2160659C (en) * 1993-05-11 2006-07-11 Lance D. Kirol Heat transfer apparatus and methods for solid-vapor sorption systems
DE59408290D1 (en) * 1994-10-06 1999-06-24 Electrolux Leisure Appliances COOLING DEVICE WITH AN INTERMITTENTLY WORKING COOLING UNIT
JP3348336B2 (en) * 1995-10-26 2002-11-20 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Adsorption heat pump
GB9613211D0 (en) * 1996-06-24 1996-08-28 Johnson Matthey Plc Improvements in heat transfer materials
DE19901094A1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2000-07-20 Zeolith Tech Sorber arrangement with a sorbent filling
FR2816698B1 (en) 2000-11-13 2004-05-28 Pierre Jeuch ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION DEVICE
WO2002002998A1 (en) 2000-07-06 2002-01-10 Thermagen Sa Adsorption refrigerating device
US6867064B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2005-03-15 Micron Technology, Inc. Method to alter chalcogenide glass for improved switching characteristics
FR2879727B1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2012-12-14 Centre Nat Rech Scient DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COLD FOR THE AIR CONDITIONING OF A BUILDING
FR2965904B1 (en) * 2010-10-07 2014-10-24 Gaztransp Et Technigaz THERMAL METHOD EMPLOYING A PLURALITY OF SORPTION REACTORS
JP5770608B2 (en) * 2011-11-30 2015-08-26 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Chemical heat storage system for vehicle and air conditioning system for vehicle including the same
EP2944489B1 (en) 2014-05-16 2020-05-06 Perkins Engines Company Limited Heating and cooling system for a vehicle
WO2016121778A1 (en) * 2015-01-27 2016-08-04 古河電気工業株式会社 Heat storage container and heat storage device provided with heat storage container
FR3034179B1 (en) * 2015-03-23 2018-11-02 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique SOLAR DEVICE FOR AUTONOMOUS COLD PRODUCTION BY SOLID-GAS SORPTION.

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1954056A (en) * 1930-11-18 1934-04-10 Chester F Hockley Adsorber system
US1943968A (en) * 1930-12-22 1934-01-16 Safety Car Heating & Lighting Refrigeration system
DE569786C (en) * 1931-02-08 1933-02-08 Thore Martin Elfving Intermittent absorption refrigeration machine
DE630064C (en) * 1933-12-31 1936-05-19 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Periodic absorption apparatus
US2269099A (en) * 1935-10-26 1942-01-06 Servel Inc Heat transfer system
US2276947A (en) * 1938-10-01 1942-03-17 Kleen Nils Erland Af Refrigerating apparatus
US2287172A (en) * 1939-01-10 1942-06-23 Laurence S Harrison Method of and apparatus for refrigeration and air conditioning
US2293556A (en) * 1939-04-17 1942-08-18 Honeywell Regulator Co Adsorption refrigeration system
US2236575A (en) * 1939-09-12 1941-04-01 Servel Inc Refrigeration
US2340887A (en) * 1940-12-12 1944-02-08 Kleen Refrigerator Inc Control mechanism for absorption refrigerating apparatus
US2370643A (en) * 1942-05-11 1945-03-06 Kleen Refrigerator Inc Refrigeration apparatus of the intermittent absorption or adsorption type
US2587996A (en) * 1943-07-05 1952-03-04 Hoover Co Absorption refrigeration
US2452635A (en) * 1943-09-27 1948-11-02 Hoover Co Absorption refrigerating system
US2528004A (en) * 1944-12-26 1950-10-31 Kleen Refrigerator Inc Refrigeration
US2461262A (en) * 1945-06-02 1949-02-08 Kleen Refrigerator Inc Refrigeration
FR2539854A1 (en) * 1983-04-22 1984-07-27 Cetiat ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION FACILITY ON SOLID ADSORBENT AND METHOD FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
EP0131270B1 (en) * 1983-07-08 1988-10-26 Schiedel GmbH & Co. Absorber using a solid for an absorption cycle
US4694659A (en) * 1985-05-03 1987-09-22 Shelton Samuel V Dual bed heat pump
FR2615601B1 (en) * 1987-05-22 1989-11-10 Faiveley Ets DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING COLD AND / OR HEAT BY SOLID-GAS REACTION

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9303314A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2679633B1 (en) 1997-12-12
US5335519A (en) 1994-08-09
ES2094366T3 (en) 1997-01-16
AU2444292A (en) 1993-03-02
DE69213699D1 (en) 1996-10-17
ATE142770T1 (en) 1996-09-15
DE69213699T2 (en) 1997-04-10
FR2679633A1 (en) 1993-01-29
EP0550748B1 (en) 1996-09-11
WO1993003314A1 (en) 1993-02-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0550748B1 (en) Solid/gas reaction cooling plant having a reactor equipped with cooling means
EP0124455B1 (en) Thermodynamic process and installation for cooling or heating by adsorption onto a solid adsorbant
JP2866203B2 (en) Sorption refrigeration unit
WO2001020232A1 (en) Improved heat pump water heater and method of making the same
EP0425368B1 (en) Devices for producing cold and/or heat by solid-gas reaction, managed by gravitational heat pipes
FR2694077A1 (en) Indirect cold production device for refrigeration machine.
KR200181246Y1 (en) Refrigerator and heater for vehicles using thermoelectric semiconductors
FR2679632A1 (en) Installation for producing cold by solid/gas reaction, the reactor including heating means
US4373343A (en) Hot water production apparatus utilizing a heat pump
EP0320379B1 (en) Absorption air conditioning equipment
JPS60122286A (en) Steam pressure pump
FR2544842A1 (en) Device for continuous heating with adsorption, desorption and condensation
JP2751337B2 (en) Internal combustion engine cooling system
EP0767081B1 (en) Device for the recovery of heat from the exhaust gases of a vehicle
FR2693542A1 (en) Heat exchanger for chemical or adsorption refrigeration - uses tubes in configuration to assist heat exchange between themselves and working substance but not envelope
FR2805493A1 (en) Air conditioning system for automotive vehicle, uses exhaust gases as an energy source for the system
FR2558578A1 (en) Evaporator for a solar refrigeration installation and refrigeration method using this evaporator.
JPH10170094A (en) Refrigerating machine with peltier element
EP0309634A1 (en) Environment-assisted high-efficiency integrated heating and cooling system
FR3133708A1 (en) TEMPERATURE REGULATION DEVICE FOR BATTERY
FR2488683A1 (en) Anti-condensation device for outer walls of refrigerators - uses auxiliary fluid circuit heated by waste energy from motor-compressor unit
FR2481429A1 (en) Rapid drink cooling machine - includes refrigerator with evaporator passing through water tank which also contains helical coils carrying drink
FR2474149A1 (en) Recuperation of heat from heat pump compressor - uses heat exchanger in oil sump to heat ventilator refrigerant
FR2756621A1 (en) THERMO-FRIGOPOMPE
FR2611607A1 (en) Air-conditioning system for vehicles propelled by an internal combustion engine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19930406

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SOCIETE NATIONALE ELF AQUITAINE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940209

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ELF AQUITAINE

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19960911

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19960911

Ref country code: DK

Effective date: 19960911

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19960911

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 142770

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19960915

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69213699

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19961017

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: ING. A. GIAMBROCONO & C. S.R.L.

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19961211

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19961216

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2094366

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19970625

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19970702

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19970718

Year of fee payment: 6

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970731

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970731

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970731

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970731

26N No opposition filed
BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ELF AQUITAINE

Effective date: 19970731

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980331

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980724

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19980725

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19980724

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20001204

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050724