EP0549913B1 - Flat sealing system - Google Patents

Abstract

A sealing system is described which is especially suitable for a flat roof. The sealing system has a sealing web 10, an understructure 11 and preferably an intermediate layer 12. Plate-like holding elements 13 are provided which are anchored in the understructure by means of holding pins 131. The sealing system is characterised by a fastening plate which is pressed by the plate-like holding element 13 exerting a controlled pressure against the understructure 11 and is connected to the sealing web 10. The fastening plate 14 preferably has a passage 15 whose diameter is greater than the thickness of the holding pin 131. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a flat sealing system according to the preamble of claim 1.

It is known to produce seals, in particular for flat roofs, in such a way that a heat-insulating or compensating layer (intermediate layer) is first applied to a roof substructure and a roof seal is applied thereon. The roof waterproofing is traditionally created by laying waterproofing membranes, which are delivered as roll material and rolled out on the intermediate layer. Whereas in the past the waterproofing membrane was glued and later loosely laid and weighed down with a gravel fill, it has recently become common to attach the waterproofing membrane in a punctiform or strip-like manner on the roof in order to secure it against wind suction forces.

EP-A1-0 344 523, from which the present invention is based, describes a system for covering a roof surface with a waterproof flexible membrane and for securing it to the roof surface. With the aid of a washer and a straight-line fastener, a plurality of flexible connecting cushions are fastened at a distance from one another on the roof, the fastener extending through the aligned center points of the connecting cushion and washer and the washer serving to depress the respective connecting cushion. An outer circumferential surface of each connection pad has an adhesive applied there and binds the connection pad to the lower surface of the flexible membrane, which is laid on the connection pad secured in this way. This prevents the fastener from entering the membrane. This document emphasizes that the connection pads may have a preformed central hole which ensures that the center of the (circular) connection pad is exactly aligned with the center of the disc, thereby increasing the accuracy with which the system is relocated.

DE-A1-0 484 084 describes a fastener for a roof and an improved screw therefor. This document represents prior art within the meaning of Article 54 (3) EPC. The fastener comprises a screw and a washer, the screw having a threaded area and a holding area. There may be an intermediate layer between the pane and the roof substructure.

DE-A1-23 00 798.9 describes a roof seal for a roof structure in which fastening parts in the form of screws, nails or the like act on the roof construction and the top of these fastening parts are glued or welded to the underside of the roofing membrane. The top of the fasteners can be made for easier manufacture the gluing or welding can also be provided with a plastic coating. With regard to this document, it should be noted that the figure 2 contained therein contains a drawing error because the reference numerals 15 and 18 are entered incorrectly; this error has been eliminated in the corresponding figure of the patent specification by exchanging the reference symbols.

The sealing systems known according to this prior art have the disadvantage that there is a rigid connection between the sealing membrane and the roof substructure, which in practice leads to very undesirable results. On the one hand, the rigid connection means that the sealing membrane is not capable of absorbing temperature-related dimensional fluctuations. When estimating such dimensional fluctuations, it must be assumed that e.g. the outside of a flat roof can be exposed to temperatures in the range of around -30 ° C (cold winter night) to around + 70 ° C (summer sunlight). This corresponds to a temperature difference of 100 ° C, which can lead to dimensional fluctuations of up to 2 cm and more with a roof length of 100 m. Since the waterproofing membrane and the building structure expand differently, faults occur in the waterproofing membrane. Similar effects arise from load-related shifts (e.g. deflection due to snow load or water bag formation).

A second disadvantageous result of the rigid connection is that the sealing membrane transmits the wind suction and wind pressure forces acting on it without compensation to the roof substructure and the structure. Under unfavorable overall conditions, this can lead to damage to the roof sealing.

The invention has for its object to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a flat sealing system, which quickly and in particular with a good position securing the waterproofing membrane is easy to manufacture without creating an absolutely rigid connection between the waterproofing membrane and the roof substructure.

This object is achieved in a flat sealing system of the type mentioned at the outset with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

According to the invention, the sealing membrane is not directly connected to a holding element anchored in the substructure, arranged under the sealing membrane, but to a fastening plate connected between the sealing membrane and the substructure, which is held by the holding element against the substructure with controlled contact pressure. For this purpose, the holding element is plate-shaped and has a plate-like head in a one-piece design. This construction does not create an absolutely rigid connection between the holding element and the fastening plate, but rather the parts of the fastening plate covered by the plate-like head of the holding element are movable to a certain extent. Presumably, smaller peeling forces occur at the connection point according to the invention between the sealing membrane and the fastening plate than in the case of a rigid connection according to the prior art. The extent of this mobility is controlled and at the same time limited that a passage is provided in the mounting plate for the passage of the holding pin of the plate-like holding element, which has a larger diameter than the thickness of the holding pin. This enables the waterproofing membrane to e.g. record temperature-related dimensional fluctuations of a building. In addition, the transmission of the attacking and e.g. wind-induced suction and pressure forces on the building structure with the possibility of tension compensation by shifting the position.

In a preferred embodiment of the sealing system according to the invention is located between the sealing membrane and Substructure at least one intermediate layer which, depending on requirements, can act as a compensating layer, heat-insulating layer, protective layer and / or as a water vapor barrier. The intermediate layer is preferably fixed relative to the substructure.

A waterproof membrane is used to manufacture the sealing system according to the invention. Any material with which a good connection can be made with the fastening plate is suitable for the waterproofing membrane. Preferred materials for the sealing membrane and the fastening plate are thermoplastic or elastomeric plastics, such as, for example, chloropolyethylene, chloroprene rubber, chlorosulfonyl polyethylene, ethylene propylene terpolymer, ethylene propylene copolymer, isobutylene isoprene rubber (butyl rubber), polyisobutylene, isoprene rubber, and copolymer (synthetic) , Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, polyisobutylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or chlorinated polyvinyl chloride. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the same material is used for the sealing membrane and the fastening plate. This embodiment is particularly suitable when the connection between the sealing membrane and the fastening plate is made by an adhesive point. However, the fastening plate is preferably made of a flexible material which clings to the sealing membrane when it is connected. Material with a single-layer as well as a multi-layer structure can be used for the fastening plate and sealing membrane, whereby "multi-layer structure" is also understood to mean reinforced material. Conventional and commercially available material thicknesses can be used for the waterproofing membrane and fastening plate. A material with a thickness of 1 to 5 mm is particularly preferred.

The sealing membrane can be connected to the fastening plate by any means with which sufficient and permanent securing of the position between the sealing membrane and the fastening plate can be achieved. A connection produced by gluing or welding is preferred. Adhesives to be applied on one or both sides can be used for bonding. Welding can be carried out by high-frequency welding, the use of hot air and the use of a source welding agent.

The mounting plate has a passage whose diameter is larger than the thickness of the holding pin of the plate-like holding element. The difference between these two values, i.e. the game available to compensate for movement is determined e.g. taking into account temperature-related dimensional fluctuations of a building according to its length or area expansion. On the basis of the temperature fluctuations set out at the outset, a difference of 2 to 30 mm has generally proven to be suitable, 3 to 10 mm being preferred and 5 to 10 mm being particularly preferred. This difference value can also be based directly on the construction length, whereby in practice values of 10 to 20 mm per 100 m construction length of a roof surface have proven to be suitable as a rough guide value. The surface area of the fastening plate can vary within wide ranges, preferably a circular fastening plate with a diameter of 150 to 300 mm, particularly preferably 180 to 200 mm.

The plate-like holding element used according to the invention preferably has a plate-like head and a holding pin attached to it in one piece. The retaining pin can be anchored in the substructure using any conventional technical means suitable for this purpose, for which purpose this retaining pin can be designed, for example, as a nail, expansion plug or screw can and can be hammered, shot or screwed into the substructure depending on the design. A two-piece embodiment of the plate-like holding element is particularly preferred, an independent holding pin with a head of customary size being inserted and inserted through a holding plate with a through-hole, thus forming the plate-like holding element. The advantage of this embodiment is that a prefabricated part can be used as an independent shark pen (commercially available nail or screw or the like). The holding plate can have a circular, oval or square shape and should be designed with respect to its cross section so that the head of the independent holding pin does not protrude from it after assembly. A circular holding plate with a central recess and, depending on the intended use, with a diameter of 30 to 100 mm, particularly preferably 60 to 80 mm, is preferred. The through hole of the holding plate can have a diameter which essentially corresponds to the thickness of the independent holding pin. In this case there is no play between the independent holding pin and the holding plate. However, the diameter can also be made larger than the thickness of the independent holding pin. In this case, the holding plate can perform a tilting movement. In the event of a one-sided application of force, a squeezing of the fastening plate is avoided because the holding plate can dodge with this tilting movement.

To secure the position of the holding plate in the two-piece embodiment, the independent holding pin preferably has cams or thread-like formations in its upper area, which prevent the holding plate from falling or stepping, with which e.g. the sealing membrane could be pierced by the independent retaining pin.

According to the invention, the fastening plate is pressed against the substructure with controlled contact pressure. This The result can be achieved during assembly, for example by using a torque wrench or screwdriver.

The seal according to the invention can be produced in a known manner. For example, when used as a roof waterproofing, the procedure is such that after the roof substructure has been created, the at least one intermediate layer is applied to the roof. Then a sufficient number of plate-like holding elements are anchored in the substructure. In each case, a holding pin is inserted through the passage of a fastening plate and the fastening plate is aligned so that the play between the holding pin and the passage is completely available on all sides. Each holding element is then anchored in the roof substructure in such a way that the controlled contact pressure according to the invention is achieved against the intermediate layer (s) and thus against the substructure. It is preferred to use a retaining pin in the form of a screw, which is screwed into the roof structure using a torque-limiting device (e.g. a torque wrench). This is followed by laying a roofing membrane as a waterproofing membrane on the intermediate layer (s) and connecting it to the fastening plates. An adhesive point is preferably used for the connection. A suitable adhesive is applied to a desired area of the upper side of each fastening plate and the roofing membrane is preferably laid by rolling off a roofing membrane which is provided as a roll material.

Instead of the adhesive, a sweat welding agent can also be used, or the connection can be made with hot air welding or HF welding using agents known to those skilled in the art. The edges of the installed roofing sheets are connected to each other, which can also be done with the adhesive or welding processes described above.

The flat sealing system according to the invention is not only suitable for flat roofs, but generally for seals. Other areas of application include seals and / or linings for pools, shafts, containers, channels and channels (in particular sewers and channels), landfills, water retention tanks and reservoirs, tunnel walls and bases, bridges, dams and for roofing as light surface structures in the area of textile construction. The sealed surfaces or places can be covered with gravel, soil or the like after the creation. The connection according to the invention absorbs displacement forces which e.g. generated by the heap and could otherwise lead to tension.

Fig. 1

eine Schnittdarstellung einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abdichtungssystems bei Einsatz als Dachabdichtung;

Fig. 2

eine Schnittzeichnung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen tellerartigen Halteelements.

Further advantages, features and possible uses of the present invention result from the subclaims and from the following description in conjunction with the drawing; show it:

Fig. 1

a sectional view of an embodiment of the sealing system according to the invention when used as a roof seal;

Fig. 2

a sectional drawing of a preferred embodiment of the plate-like holding element according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows an intermediate layer 12 laid on a roof substructure 11, e.g. a heat insulating layer. A plate-like holding element 13 is anchored in the roof substructure 11, which in the one-piece embodiment shown consists of a holding pin 131 and a plate-like head 132. The holding pin 131 can be designed as a thread for anchoring in the roof substructure 11.

The inner region of a fastening plate 14 lies between the plate-like head 132 and the intermediate layer 12, wherein the holding pin 131 is guided through the passage 15 of the mounting plate 14. The dashed lines indicate that the passage 15 can have a larger diameter than the thickness of the holding pin 131. The mounting plate 14 is held by the plate-like head 132 of the plate-like holding elements 13 with the interposition of the (heat-insulating) intermediate layer 12 against the substructure 11 with controlled contact pressure. The controlled contact pressure is symbolized by arrows.

A sealing membrane (roofing membrane) 10 is laid on the intermediate layer 12 and is connected to the fastening plate 14 at the anchoring locations with an adhesive or welding point 16.

FIG. 2 shows a two-piece embodiment of the plate-like holding element 13 consisting of an independent holding pin 134 and a holding plate 133. This two-piece embodiment is particularly preferred. In the illustration according to FIG. 2, the holding plate 133 can perform a tilting movement because the through hole 17 has a diameter that is larger than the thickness of the independent holding pin 134.

Claims (11)

1. Flat sealing system, particularly for a flat roof, comprising a roof structure (11) and a sealing strip (10) laid thereon, wherein plate-shaped retaining elements (13; 133, 134) are provided under the sealing strip (10) which are anchored in the roof structure (11) by retaining pins (131; 134), and between the sealing strip (10) and the roof structure (11) is provided a fastening plate (14) provided with an opening (15) and held by the plate-shaped retaining element (13; 133, 134) with a controlled retaining pressure to the roof structure (11), wherein the fastening plate (14) is connected to the sealing strip (10), characterised in that, in order to obtain movement compensation between the retaining element (13; 133, 134) and the fastening plate (14), the diameter of the opening (15) is greater than the thickness of the retaining pin (131; 134).
2. Sealing system according to claim 1, characterised in that between the sealing strip (10) and the roof structure (11) is provided at least one intermediate layer (12).
3. Sealing system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the connection between the fastening plate (14) and the sealing strip (10) is obtained by an adhesion or welding zone (16).
4. Sealing system according to claim 3, characterised in that the sealing zone (16) is a sealing zone produced by the use of high frequency, hot air or a solution welding agent.
5. Sealing system according to claim 3, characterised in that the adhesion zone (16) is produced by a solvent adhesive.
6. Sealing system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the retaining element (13) is formed by two pieces, namely a retaining plate (133) and a separate retaining pin (134).
7. Sealing system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the difference between the diameter of the opening (15) and the thickness of the retaining pin (131) is 2 to 30 mm.
8. Sealing system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the material of the sealing strip (10) and/or the fastening plate (14) is chloropolyethylene, chloroprene rubber, chlorosulphonyl polyethylene, ethylene-propylene terpolymer, ethylenepropylene copolymer, isobutylene-isoprene rubber (butyl rubber), polyisobutylene, isoprene rubber (synthetic), ethylene copolymer bitumen, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer, polyolefin copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, polyisobutylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride or chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
9. Sealing system according to claim 8, characterised in that the sealing strip (10) and the fastening plate (14) are of the same material.
10. Sealing system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fastening plate (14) is circular and has a diameter of 150 to 300 mm, preferably 180 to 200 mm.
11. Sealing system according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the retaining plate (133) is circular and has a diameter of 30 to 100 mm, preferably 60 to 80 mm.

Images