EP0549416B1 - Brenner mit Verbrennungsgitter und Heizungsanlage mit einem solchen Brenner - Google Patents

Brenner mit Verbrennungsgitter und Heizungsanlage mit einem solchen Brenner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0549416B1
EP0549416B1 EP92403425A EP92403425A EP0549416B1 EP 0549416 B1 EP0549416 B1 EP 0549416B1 EP 92403425 A EP92403425 A EP 92403425A EP 92403425 A EP92403425 A EP 92403425A EP 0549416 B1 EP0549416 B1 EP 0549416B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
ignition
burner
grid
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92403425A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0549416A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Marchand
Philippe Morand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engie SA
Original Assignee
Gaz de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaz de France SA filed Critical Gaz de France SA
Publication of EP0549416A1 publication Critical patent/EP0549416A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0549416B1 publication Critical patent/EP0549416B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D91/00—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for
    • F23D91/02—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for for use in particular heating operations
    • F23D91/04—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for for use in particular heating operations for heating liquids, e.g. for vaporising or concentrating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas mixture burner and combustion grate (s) which can be used in particular on immersion tube heating installations.
  • the invention proposes to solve this problem of improving reliability and ease of maintenance by the characteristics of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the flame stabilization means presented therein consists of a single "grid” or “ceramic plate” which therefore diffuses the heat of the flame over the entire surface of the wafer, even outside the ignition period, including next to the ignition chamber.
  • the igniter is mounted away from the plate. To check the plate and the igniter, it is therefore necessary to disassemble both. Furthermore, such an arrangement of the igniter makes it sensitive not only to the heat of the combustion chamber, but also (if it is not thermally insulated) to that of the side wall of this chamber through which one can reasonably assume it is mounted.
  • the realization in a single part of the flame stabilization plate also requires that the entire plate be dismantled to control it and if necessary, that it be changed (entirely), even if only a control, or even a replacement, of its the most requested part facing the distribution chamber would have been sufficient.
  • the two-part grid of the invention could be produced from the materials and structures belonging to the following list: sintered bronze or stack of finely perforated metal sheets, fibrous ceramic, metallic fabric.
  • the burner will advantageously comprise, in addition to said ignition means, flame control means also arranged next to the distribution chamber and opening into the combustion chamber.
  • the ignition and control means in question will receive the mixture flow necessary for ignition by a supply to the ignition chamber independent or autonomous from that of the distribution chamber to allow clean air / gas dosages. to each of these rooms.
  • a "local" ignition offset towards the outside of the main grate or of a peripheral ignition by a flame zone then bordering the periphery of the combustion chamber.
  • another characteristic of the invention provides for having a gas mixing turbine in the distribution chamber.
  • the (each) burner grate will preferably be crossed not only by first orifices, but also by second orifices of smaller section giving the (each) grate a sparse, porous structure to the air / gas mixture in circulation.
  • these orifices will be distributed over substantially the entire surface of the grate, the number of second orifices being much greater than that of the first, so that, with the burner operating, the flames developed in the combustion chamber include darts of relatively great length substantially in the extension of the first orifices and a relatively short flame area, distributed opposite said second orifices.
  • the invention also relates to an installation for heating a bath of liquid heated by such a burner whose combustion chamber immersed in said bath is connected to at least one exchanger tube also immersed in this bath and in which the combustion products generated by the burner can circulate before their evacuation.
  • the burner identified as a whole 1 comprises a distribution chamber (also called “premix”) into which opens, by a preferably radial opening 5, the combustion air and combustible gas that begins to mix.
  • a distribution chamber also called “premix”
  • premix a distribution chamber into which opens, by a preferably radial opening 5, the combustion air and combustible gas that begins to mix.
  • the distribution chamber 3 which has the general shape of a cylindrical box with a substantially circular section, is transversely limited on its front face (AV) by a flame stabilization grid 11 crossed by the mixture of air and gas, after the latter has passed through a baffle or a distribution chute 12 defined or limited by a plate or any other transverse obstacle 13 favorable to the homogeneous mixture of gases.
  • the grid 11 has the function of ensuring a suitable distribution and good stabilization of the flames at the entrance to the combustion chamber 15 where these flames will develop.
  • this grid which here has the general shape of a substantially flat plate, has been constructed to be crossed, over its thickness e , by preferably two series of orifices comprising first orifices 19a of relatively large section (a few mm 2 ), as well as second orifices 19b of smaller section giving the grid a sparse structure, porous to the air / gas mixture.
  • these two series of orifices will advantageously be distributed over substantially the entire active surface of the grid.
  • the number of second diffusion orifices 19b will be much greater than that of the main orifices 19a, for example in a ratio substantially between 15 to 1 and 30 to 1.
  • the cross section of these second orifices 19b it will be preferably 2 to 4 times smaller than that of the first orifices 19a.
  • the burner operating the flames developed in the combustion chamber (the cross section of which will preferably be slightly less than that of the grate) will include darts 21a of relatively great length extending substantially in the extension of the first orifices. 19a, while a general zone of relatively short flames 21b will be distributed opposite the second orifices 19b.
  • the grid may in particular be produced from materials and structures of the sintered bronze type or stack of finely perforated metal sheets or also of fibrous ceramic or metallic fabric.
  • a plate of this material with a thickness of approximately 3 mm, pierced with holes of 2 mm in cross section in a square pitch of 8 mm, the degree vacuum corresponding to these holes being about 3 to 8%.
  • an additional advantage of such a structure is to ensure its internal cooling by circulation through it of the air / gas flow.
  • the second orifices 19b advantageously arranged substantially regularly through the surface of this grid, for some of them open out randomly on such and such a main orifice 19a, thus increasing the cross section of the latter, as illustrated. for example at the location of the orifice 19a 1 in FIG. 3.
  • ignition means 23 making it possible to initiate combustion, as well as means 25 for controlling the presence of the flames.
  • the ignition means could for example consist of a spark plug, of the automobile spark plug type, mounted through the main grid 11.
  • these ignition means will preferably be arranged outside, next to the distribution chamber 3.
  • the igniter may be placed at the location of a passage 27 (see FIG. 4) formed from the side, through the grid 11, this passage receiving part of the burner head forming an igniter support 29 equipped autonomous arrivals of combustible gas 31 and combustion air 33 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) to supply an ignition mixture chamber 35.
  • This chamber preferably separated or isolated from the distribution chamber by a wall 36, can communicate with the combustion chamber 15 through an additional grid 37 for stabilizing the ignition flame, this grid then extending substantially parallel to the plane of the main grid 11 and being traversed by the igniter 23, so that the electrodes 23a of the latter open into the combustion chamber 15 to ignite the mixture there.
  • the igniter 23 will preferably extend substantially parallel to the general axis 39 of the chamber 15, rather towards the periphery of the grid 11.
  • the ignition chamber 35 may have in the upper part the form of a hollow, annular vertical column, surrounding a central cavity open to the open air of the igniter support, the head 23b of the igniter with its power cable 41 extending in this central cavity.
  • this same chamber will ensure mixing by rotary stirring of the gases until they meet, in the lower part, the transverse grid 37 at the place where the chamber ignition takes the form of a disc.
  • the burner can therefore also be equipped with a control means 25, the probe of which, for example consisting of an electrode 25a, preferably rectilinear, will extend into the development zone. flames attached respectively to the main grid 11 and to the secondary ignition grid 37, as clearly appears in FIG. 4.
  • control means 25 can pass through a well 43 itself passing through a second passage 45 formed through the main grid 11 so that the probe 25a can communicate with the combustion chamber 15, the head 25b of this control means with its electric power cable 47 remaining of course away from the combustion zone to be cooled by the ambient air.
  • main grid 11 will advantageously be held at its periphery by a flange 49 extending externally, substantially at the level of the connection which can be removable between the upper part of the burner comprising the distribution 3 and the lower part comprising the combustion chamber 15.
  • the flange 49 will locally define an annular cavity 51 external to the chambers 3 and 15.
  • a retaining means 53 such as a circlip, will be able to maintain with a certain possible play the peripheral edge of the grid 11 .
  • the holding zone of this grid will be relatively thermally insulated from the hot part of the burner and the grid will be able to absorb thermal stress more easily.
  • FIG. 5 to briefly describe the preferred application of the burner 1 of the invention to the heating of an industrial bath of liquid 55 in which at least the combustion chamber 15 of the burner and a tube are immersed.
  • heat exchanger 57 connected to the outlet 15a of the combustion chamber 15 and which winds in the bath 55, which is heated by heat exchange with the combustion products generated by the burner and circulating in the tube before being evacuated to the outlet 57a of the same tube emerging outside.
  • This burner, marked 10 comprises, like the previous one, a distribution chamber 30 communicating with a combustion chamber 32 through a main combustion grate 34 of the same type as the previous one (11).
  • the distribution chamber 30 is here tangentially supplied with air and combustible gas (already at least preferably partially mixed) via an intake manifold 38 which can come from upstream of the air inlet 38a to which the gas inlet 38b is connected.
  • a brewing turbine 40 is placed facing it, in the chamber 30. It appeared preferable to place this turbine substantially at the level of the zone, opposite the grid, where the lateral pipe 38 is tangentially connected to the chamber 30.
  • the blades of the turbine will be able to receive the gas mixture transversely and thus be naturally driven in rotation by creating recirculation currents favorable to the homogenization of the gases and the limitation of thermal stresses.
  • a boss 42 situated, in FIG. 1, towards the top of the chamber 30 supports the rotation shaft 44 of the turbine which can rotate there in a conventional manner, via ball bearings (not shown).
  • the solution adopted here consists of "peripheral” ignition, via an ignition chamber 46 extending all around the distribution chamber 30, a priori essentially in its front part (AV).
  • a secondary combustion grate 52 has also been interposed between the ignition chamber and the combustion chamber.
  • this secondary grid may in particular have the shape of a frame or of a crown surrounding the main grid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Gasbrenner, umfassend:
    - eine Verteilerkammer (3, 30), in der ein Gemisch aus Verbrennungsluft und brennbarem Gas zirkuliert,
    - eine Zündkammer (35, 46), die neben der Verteilerkammer angeordnet ist, von der sie durch eine Trennwand (36, 48) isoliert ist und in der in Gemisch aus Verbrennungsluft und brennbarem Gas zirkuliert,
    - Zuführmittel (5, 31, 33, 38, 50) für Luft und brennbares Gas für Verteiler- bzw. Zündkammer,
    - eine Verbrennungskammer (15, 32), mit der die Verteiler- und Zündkammer an einem Ende über gitterförmige Flammenstabilisierungsmittel in Verbindung stehen, und
    - Zündmittel (23) des Brenners, die sich teilweise in die Verbrennungskammer und im Abstand von der Verteilerkammer erstrecken,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flammenstabilisierungsmittel zwei Roste umfassen, und zwar einen Hauptrost (11, 34) und einen sekundären Rost (37, 52), die sich jeweils durch das Ende der Verteilerkammer (3, 30) und der Zündkammer (35, 46) erstrecken, wobei letztere von Zündmitteln (23) durchquert sind, die gleichermaßen den zweiten Rost durchqueren, um in die Verbrennungskammer zu führen.
  2. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verteiler- und die Zündkammer über unterschiedliche Leitungen (5, 31, 33, 38, 50) mit Verbrennungsluft und brennbarem Gas versorgt werden, um die Verhältnisse von Luft und Gas der einen Kammer von der anderen Kammer unabhängig zu machen, wobei die Verteilerkammer (3, 30) mit einer einzigen Leitung (5, 38) zur gemeinsamen Zufuhr mit einer Vormischung von Luft und brennbarem Gas verbunden ist, wobei wenigstens die Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft zur Zündkammer (35, 46) tangential zu dieser erfolgt, um das Vermischen der Mischung zu verbessern.
  3. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hauptrost (11) als eine Platte ausgebildet ist, über der auf einer Seite im Abstand zu ihrer Mitte ein Durchlaß (27) angeordnet ist, über den sich der sekundäre Rost (37), der ebenfalls als Platte ausgebildet ist, quer erstreckt.
  4. Brenner nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hauptrost (11) neben dem Durchlaß (27), der mit dem sekundären Rost (37) und den zündmitteLn (23) ausgestattet ist, von einem zweiten Durchlaß (45) durchquert wird, der einen in einer Wandung des Brenners neben der Verteiler- und Zündkammer angeordneten Schacht (43) verlängert, wobei der Schacht Steuermittel für die Flammen aufnimmt, die auch in die Verbrennungskammer einmünden, und zwar durch eine im wesentlichen periphere Zone des Hauptrosts.
  5. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zündkammer (35) auf der Seite des sekundären Rosts (37) die Form einer in Richtung der entgegengesetzten Seite des Rosts länglichen Scheibe aufweist, umgeben von einer ringförmigen Säule, eine mittige offene Ausnehmung für freie Luft, in der eine Zündkerze derart angeordnet ist, daß sie den scheibenförmigen Abschnitt der Zündkammer (35) durchquert.
  6. Brenner nach einem der vorhergenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Hindernis (13) in der Verteilerkammer (3, 30) im Weg des Gases bei seiner Bewegung auf die Verbrennungskammer (15, 32) zu angeordnet ist, um das Vermischen der Gase zu begünstigen.
  7. Brenner nach einem der vorgangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt der Verbrennungskammer (15) etwas kleiner als der des Hauptrosts (11) ist.
  8. Brenner nach einem der vorhergenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hauptrost (11) an seinem Umfang von einem Flansch (49) gehalten ist, der sich auf der Höhe der Verbindung zwischen der Verteilerkammer (3) und der Verbrennungskammer (15) erstreckt, wobei dieser Flansch lokal eine im wesentlichen ringförmige Ausnehmung (51) bestimmt, und zwar außerhalb der Kammern und wo ein ebenfalls relativ thermisch isoliertes Haltemittel (53) mit einem gewissen möglichen Spiel den äußeren Rand des Rosts hält.
  9. Brenner nach einem der vorhergenden Ansprüche, in dem der Hauptrost (11, 34) durch sich hindurch und für den Durchtritt der Mischung von Luft und brennbarem Gas in die Verbrennungskammer erste Öffnungen (19a) mit relativ großem Querschnitt wie auch zweite Öffnungen (19b) mit kleinerem Querschnitt derart aufweist, daß die in der Verbrennungskammer von dem Brenner entwickelten Flammen im Betrieb im wesentlichen in der Verlängerung der ersten Öffnungen Flammenkerne von relativ großer Länge (21a) sowie gegenüber den zweiten Öffnungen (19b) eine Zone (21b) relativ kurzer Flammen umfassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt der zweiten Öffnungen ungefähr zwei bis viermal kleiner ist als der der ersten Öffnungen (19a).
  10. Brenner nach einem der vorhergenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hauptrost (11, 34) unter Verwendung von Materialien und Strukturen ausgebildet ist, die der folgenden Liste angehören: Sinterbronze, perforiertes Metallblechpaket, faserstoffhaltige Keramiken, Drahtgewebe.
  11. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 2 , 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verteilerkammer (30) eine Turbine (40) umfaßt, die für den mechanischen Widerstand in der Standzeit des Hauptrosts (34) vorteilhaft ist und die Vermischung von Luft und Gas begünstigt, wobei die Turbine dem Hauptrost zugewandt im wesentlichen in der Höhe angeordnet ist, in der der Verteilerkammer tangential Luft und brennbares Gas zugeführt werden.
  12. Brenner nach einem der vorhergenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zündkammer (46) sich zum Zünden des Brenners über die Peripherie der Verbrennungskammer vollständig um die Verteilerkammer herum erstreckt.
  13. Heizeinrichtung für ein Flüssigbad, umfassend einen Brenner nach einem der vorhergenden Ansprüche, dessen Verbrennungskammer (15, 32), die in das Bad (55) eintaucht, an wenigstens ein Wärmetauscherrohr (57) angeschlossen ist, das ebenfalls in das Flüssigbad eintaucht und in dem die von dem Brenner erzeugten Verbrennungsprodukte vor ihrem Abziehen zirkulieren.
EP92403425A 1991-12-20 1992-12-16 Brenner mit Verbrennungsgitter und Heizungsanlage mit einem solchen Brenner Expired - Lifetime EP0549416B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9115888A FR2685447B1 (fr) 1991-12-20 1991-12-20 Bruleur perfectionne a grille ainsi qu'installation de chauffage equipee d'un tel bruleur.
FR9115888 1991-12-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0549416A1 EP0549416A1 (de) 1993-06-30
EP0549416B1 true EP0549416B1 (de) 1996-08-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92403425A Expired - Lifetime EP0549416B1 (de) 1991-12-20 1992-12-16 Brenner mit Verbrennungsgitter und Heizungsanlage mit einem solchen Brenner

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5312244A (de)
EP (1) EP0549416B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE141399T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2085829A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69212790T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0549416T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2090556T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2685447B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3021120T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2772461B1 (fr) * 1997-12-15 2000-02-11 Julien Lacaze Bruleur industriel a pre-melange de gaz combustible et d'air comburant
ITMI20020449A1 (it) * 2002-03-04 2003-09-04 Fondital Fonderie Italiane Nuo Bruciatore a gas e radiatore a gas equipaggiato con tale bruciatore

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE103046C (de) *
DE1401857A1 (de) * 1961-09-19 1969-02-06 Hermann Huenemeier Ohg Brenneranordnung
US3772427A (en) * 1971-06-14 1973-11-13 Gen Electric Combustion process for producing high surface area silica
NL176301C (nl) * 1974-08-24 Schwank Gmbh Toestel met ten minste een gasbrander voor een kookplaat.
EP0111609B1 (de) * 1982-12-14 1987-09-23 Centre D'etude Et De Realisations D'equipement Et De Materiel (C.E.R.E.M.) S.A.R.L. Entzündungs- und Speisevorrichtung für Gasradiatoren
FR2547394B1 (fr) * 1983-06-08 1987-07-17 Gaz De France Bruleur a gaz du type a premelange et a controle de flamme et utilisation de ce bruleur en particulier pour installation a tube immerge
JPS62166213A (ja) * 1986-01-17 1987-07-22 Paloma Ind Ltd バ−ナヘツド
FR2593270B1 (fr) * 1986-01-22 1990-07-27 Etude Applic Gle Elements Meca Regulateur d'alimentation pour bruleur a gaz et sa combinaison avec un bruleur
FR2606492B1 (fr) * 1986-11-07 1991-02-15 Gaz De France Bruleur a gaz a premelange et a controle de flamme
JPS643407A (en) * 1987-04-16 1989-01-09 Rinnai Kk Combustion plate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2685447B1 (fr) 1998-01-02
CA2085829A1 (en) 1993-06-21
ES2090556T3 (es) 1996-10-16
EP0549416A1 (de) 1993-06-30
US5312244A (en) 1994-05-17
ATE141399T1 (de) 1996-08-15
DE69212790D1 (de) 1996-09-19
FR2685447A1 (fr) 1993-06-25
DE69212790T2 (de) 1997-01-23
DK0549416T3 (da) 1996-09-02
GR3021120T3 (en) 1996-12-31

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