EP0178198B1 - Brenner mit vorheriger integrierter Mischung und integrierter Pilot-Flamme - Google Patents

Brenner mit vorheriger integrierter Mischung und integrierter Pilot-Flamme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0178198B1
EP0178198B1 EP85401683A EP85401683A EP0178198B1 EP 0178198 B1 EP0178198 B1 EP 0178198B1 EP 85401683 A EP85401683 A EP 85401683A EP 85401683 A EP85401683 A EP 85401683A EP 0178198 B1 EP0178198 B1 EP 0178198B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
burner
flame
air
burner according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85401683A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0178198A3 (en
EP0178198A2 (de
Inventor
Bernard Gallet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FinaGaz SAS
Original Assignee
TotalGaz Compagnie Francaise des Gaz Liquefies SNC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by TotalGaz Compagnie Francaise des Gaz Liquefies SNC filed Critical TotalGaz Compagnie Francaise des Gaz Liquefies SNC
Publication of EP0178198A2 publication Critical patent/EP0178198A2/de
Publication of EP0178198A3 publication Critical patent/EP0178198A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0178198B1 publication Critical patent/EP0178198B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an integrated premix burner and an integrated pilot flame.
  • Patent DE-A-2 428 622 discloses a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the gas first flows axially in the chamber between the intermediate tube and the internal tube. Part of this gas enters the right part of this gas enters the internal tube, through a first series of inclined orifices and mixes with the combustion air which circulates in the internal tube.
  • the remainder of the gas flow flows axially in said chamber and enters the chamber between the outer tube and the intermediate tube, through a second series of orifices drilled in the latter, and mixes in the burner nose with the combustion air flowing in the outer tube.
  • the air and the gas do not undergo a sufficiently vigorous mixing to form homogeneous premixes, given on the one hand, that the air flow circulates in practically laminar mode in the internal tube, and on the other hand that the two premixes do not intersect at right angles in the burner nose.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks specific to each of these types of burners, while reconciling the performance of combustion, the simplicity and the low cost of construction and installation and safety of use. To this end, it offers a burner supplied with separate air and gases, with integrated partial pre-mixing, intense mixing and rapid combustion.
  • the burner according to the invention conforms to the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the formation of a homogeneous premix is ensured by the gyratory movement of the air current, which movement is preserved in the intermediate tube. This current meets the substantially radial current of the gas at right angles, and therefore mixes intimately with it.
  • the premix thus formed propagates towards the outlet of the intermediate chamber in a substantially helical movement.
  • the gyratory current of the premix is transformed by the fins into a linear jet substantially coaxial with the tubes, while the gyratory current of combustion air is reduced by the diaphragm towards the axis of the burner in the form of a centripetal jet perpendicular to the jet of the premix.
  • the zone where combustion takes place and which is at very high temperature is not in contact with no component part of the burner.
  • the use of any diaphragm or any functional part downstream from the combustion zone was prohibited for obvious reasons of behavior and price of materials.
  • centripetal jet of combustion air retains a gyratory movement, which in its movement causes the axial jet of premix.
  • the final mixture therefore also has a gyratory effect conducive to obtaining a "ball flame" which, as is known, has a low volume and a high combustion intensity, due to the recirculation of the burnt gases in front of the diaphragm. This, being cooled by the combustion air, heats very little and can therefore be made of ordinary steel.
  • the straightening effected by the fins on the gyratory flow of the premix has the effect of giving the premix jet exiting at the nose of the burner a maximum axial speed. It is understood that any risk of flashback is thus eliminated.
  • the flame obtained is very stable, without having to use, as is customary, special devices, such as a refractory pipe.
  • the very rapid combustion and the shape of the flame, on the one hand, the recirculation of the gases burned at the nose of the burner, on the other hand, make it possible to use the burner according to the invention in a combustion chamber of small volume, or without a chamber directly in the thermal enclosure to be heated.
  • the chamber can be metallic and cold, without risk of "flame quenching", or of formation of unburnt.
  • Said laminar mixture gives rise to an inner flame to the main flame which is hooked behind the outlet diaphragm.
  • This flame which is very stable, constitutes a true pilot ignition flame integrated in the burner and is in permanent operation.
  • it is also possible to produce a gas supply independent of the main supply.
  • the great stability of the pilot flame makes it possible to install an ionization flame control device, which, as we know, only works properly if its electrode is constantly submerged in an area where combustion is particularly stable. In this case, the electrode of the flame control device is placed in the pilot flame.
  • the central tube will serve as a sighting tube, a transparent window being formed on the bottom wall of the external tube for observation by the cell.
  • the burner shown in the figures consists of three metallic tubular elements 10, 12, 14, for example of steel, mounted coaxially with respect to each other.
  • the outer tube 10 is closed at one end by a bottom wall 16 and is open at the other end. In the vicinity of said end, the outer tube 10 is provided on its inner wall with an annular diaphragm 18 intended to restrict the passage section of the tube.
  • the intermediate tube 12 has a diameter much smaller than that of the external tube so as to form with it an external chamber 20.
  • the internal tube 14 defines with the tube 12 an intermediate chamber 22 and internally, an internal chamber 24 .
  • the tubes 12 and 14 are practically the same length and are shorter than the portion of external tube between the bottom wall 16 and the diaphragm 18. They are positioned inside said external tube so that the chambers 20, 22 and 24 communicate with each other at their two ends.
  • the external tube 10 has, in the vicinity of the bottom wall 16, an orifice 26, in which a pipe 28 for supplying combustion air is tangentially connected, connected to a fan.
  • the gas is brought into the intermediate chamber 22, at a pressure higher than that of the air, by means of a longitudinal rod 30, which is fitted through an orifice drilled in the bottom wall 16 and which is embedded in a notch formed at the upper end of the inner tube 14.
  • the portion of the rod which is inside the intermediate chamber 22 is provided with a plurality of orifices 32, through which the gas flows in a radial direction.
  • the intermediate tube 12 ends at its lower end with an annular diaphragm 34 extending towards 1, outside, above the diaphragm 18, so as to form with it a passage with baffle 36, of substantially radial direction.
  • the inner tube 14 is provided on the outer wall of its lower end portion, with a plurality of longitudinal fins 38, extending radially to the intermediate tube 12.
  • the inner tube East pierced with two orifices 40 distributed over a cross section of the internal tube.
  • the latter is provided on its internal wall, immediately above the orifices, 40 with an annular diaphragm 42, which extends towards the center of the internal tube so as to restrict its passage section.
  • the combustion air flowing in the external chamber 20 passes through the passage 36 defined between the diaphragms 18, 34, which orient it towards the axis of the burner.
  • the jets of combustion air and premix therefore meet at the nose of the burner at right angles to form a homogeneous flammable mixture.
  • the gyratory effect of the combustion air stream is preserved in the mixture obtained, which promotes the recirculation of the combustion products in the mixing zone and therefore obtaining combustion in "ball flame" characterized by a flame 45 low volume and high combustion intensity.
  • any risk of flashback is excluded, then that upstream of the burner nose, the premix circulating in the intermediate chamber 22 is too rich in gas to be flammable.
  • the flame obtained is particularly stable, without the need to add to the burner a special device, such as a refractory pipe.
  • a special device such as a refractory pipe.
  • the diaphragm 18 heats only very little, because it is cooled by the combustion air. This is why, and this is an important advantage of the invention, the constituent parts of the burner can be made of ordinary steel.
  • the burner may have only one combustion chamber 46 of very small volume, as shown in FIG. 2, or no chamber at all.
  • the central tube 14 can serve as a sighting tube for a cell type flame control, not shown.
  • a transparent sight window 48 is then formed in the bottom wall 16 for observation by the cell.
  • the electrode of an ionization flame control device can be placed in the central tube. As explained above, this electrode must be placed in a zone of great flame stability so that the current which it supplies can be representative of the operating state of the burner.
  • this zone is located at 50 inside the central tube, downstream of the internal diaphragm 42. Indeed, the latter, by slowing the flow of the stream of combustion air which s flows into the internal chamber, creates a depressed dead zone under it.
  • the depression has the effect of sucking through the orifices 40 a low rate of premix, which meets the combustion air which flows in the central chamber to form a non-gyrating flammable mixture.
  • a very stable small central flame 52 is therefore obtained, which hooks behind the internal diaphragm 42 and which constitutes a true pilot ignition flame integrated into the burner.
  • the pilot flame can also be directly supplied with gas from the rod 30 by a conduit not shown.
  • This pilot flame can be easily ignited by a conventional high-voltage spark device, then ignites the main burner flame.
  • the intermediate tube 12 can be fixed in a coaxial position in the external tube 10 by means of bolts which pass through tabs projecting at its upper edge and, on the internal face 14, it is maintained in the centered position. , relative to the intermediate tube, by the fins 38 which bear on the latter. In addition, it is held against any axial displacement by the gas supply rod 30.
  • the burner according to the invention allows rapid, stable and complete combustion, with intense heat transfer, without any part of the burner having to withstand any particular thermal stress.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Brenner mit integrierter Vormischung und drei koaxialen Rohren, nämlich einem Außenrohr (10), in welches Verbrennungsluft einströmt, einem Zwischenrohr (12), welchem das Brenngas zuströmt, und einem Innenrohr (14), in welchem ebenfalls Verbrennungsluft strömt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Luft tangential in das Außenrohr (10) in der Nähe eines seiner Enden, welches durch eine Bodenwand (16) verschlossen ist, eintritt und sich in drei Ströme aufteilt, welche jeweils das Außenrohr (10) bzw. das Zwischenrohr (12) bzw. das Innenrohr (14) mit einer schraubenlinienförmigen Bewegung durchströmen,
das Gas radial in das Zwischenrohr (12) ebenfalls in der Nähe seines der Bodenwand (16) benachbarten Endes eintritt und mit der darin strömenden Luft ein nicht brennbares Vorgemisch bildet,
das Zwischenrohr (12) und das Innenrohr (14) an beiden Enden offen sind und an einem Ende in einem vorgegebenen Abstand von der Bodenwand (16) enden,
das Außenrohr (10) geringfügig hinter dem Auslaßende des Zwischenrohres (12) mit ersten Umlenkmitteln (18) versehen ist, um den äußeren Luftstrom radial auf die Brennerachse zu umzulenken, und
zweite Umlenkmittel (38) vorgesehen sind, um das Vorgemisch bei seinem Austritt aus dem Zwischenrohr (12) axial zu orientieren, so daß es den äußeren Luftstrom praktisch im rechten Winkel schneidet.
2. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Umlenkmittel von mindestens einer ringförmigen Blende (18) ge bildet sind, welche an der Innenfläche des Außenrohres (10) geringfügig hinter dem Auslaßende des Zwischenrohres (12) befestigt ist.
3. Brenner nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zwischenrohr (12) an seinem Auslaßende mit einer bzw. mit einer zweiten ringförmigen Blende (34) versehen ist, welche sich nach außen erstreckt und mit den ersten Umlenkmitteln bzw. der ersten ringförmigen Blende (18) einen Schikanenringkanal (36) bildet, in welchem der vom Außenrohr (10) zuströmende Verbrennungsluftstrom auf die Brennerachse zu umgelenkt wird.
4. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweiten Umlenkmittel von radialen Längsflügeln (38) gebildet sind, welche zwischen dem Zwischenrohr (12) und dem Innenrohr (14) in der Nähe von deren Auslaßende angeordnet sind.
5. Brenner nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Innenrohr (14) im Bereich der zweiten Umlenkmittel bzw. der radialen Längsflügel (38) mindestens eine Öffnung (40) aufweist, durch welche hindurch ein Teil des Durchsatzes des im Zwischenrohr (12) strömenden Vorgemisches in das Innenrohr (14) hinein abgeleitet werden kann und welche von einem Hindernis oder einer ringförmigen Blende (42) überragt wird, das bzw. die im Innenrohr (14) unmittelbar vor der Öffnung (40) angeordnet ist und woran sich eine mittlere Pilotflamme (52) entwickelt.
6. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Innenrohr (14) eine Leitung zur Abzweigung von reinem Gas von der Gaszufuhr (30) aufweist, mit welchem eine Pilotflamme (52) gespeist wird, die hinter einer ringförmigen Blende (42) des Innenrohrs (14) haften bleibt.
7. Brenner nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Flammenüberwachungsvorrichtung im Innenrohr (14) im Bereich der Pilotflamme (52) angeordnet ist.
8. Brenner nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei der Flammenüberwachungsvorrichtung um eine solche mit UV-Zelle handelt und das Außenrohr (10) in seiner Bodenwand (16) ein Beobachtungsfenster (48) aufweist.
9. Brenner nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei der Flammenüberwachungsvorrichtung um eine solche vom lonisationstyp handelt, deren Elektrode in die Pilotflamme (52) eingetaucht ist.
10. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine elektrische Zündvorrichtung im Innenrohr (14) im Bereich der Pilotflamme (52) angeordnet ist.
EP85401683A 1984-09-04 1985-08-26 Brenner mit vorheriger integrierter Mischung und integrierter Pilot-Flamme Expired - Lifetime EP0178198B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8413603A FR2569825B1 (fr) 1984-09-04 1984-09-04 Bruleur a melange prealable integre et a flamme pilote integree
FR8413603 1984-09-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0178198A2 EP0178198A2 (de) 1986-04-16
EP0178198A3 EP0178198A3 (en) 1987-09-02
EP0178198B1 true EP0178198B1 (de) 1990-07-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85401683A Expired - Lifetime EP0178198B1 (de) 1984-09-04 1985-08-26 Brenner mit vorheriger integrierter Mischung und integrierter Pilot-Flamme

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0178198B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3578727D1 (de)
DK (1) DK161908B (de)
ES (1) ES8701950A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2569825B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3769291D1 (de) * 1986-05-13 1991-05-16 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Vormischgasbrenner.
DE4446842B4 (de) * 1994-12-27 2006-08-10 Alstom Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zuleiten eines gasförmigen Brennstoffs in einen Vormischbrenner
FR2772461B1 (fr) * 1997-12-15 2000-02-11 Julien Lacaze Bruleur industriel a pre-melange de gaz combustible et d'air comburant
DE19912076A1 (de) * 1999-03-18 2000-09-21 Kromschroeder Ag G Vormischbrenner für gasförmige Brennstoffe
FR2889292B1 (fr) * 2005-07-26 2015-01-30 Optimise Procede et installation de combustion sans soutien de gaz combustible pauvre a l'aide d'un bruleur et bruleur associe
CN107559824B (zh) * 2016-06-30 2024-06-18 深圳市爱可机器人技术有限公司 全预混燃烧器及包括其的烹调设备
CN111467991B (zh) * 2020-03-09 2021-07-09 南京航空航天大学 一种被动式多流体混合器
DE102021120465A1 (de) 2021-08-06 2023-02-09 Harting Electric Stiftung & Co. Kg Elektrisches Kontaktelement und Verfahren zum Anschließen eines Leiters an das elektrische Kontaktelement

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1142406A (en) * 1967-03-06 1969-02-05 Inst Gaza Akademii Nauk Ukrain Gas burners
FR2148710A5 (de) * 1971-07-30 1973-03-23 Turbine Foyers
IT989199B (it) * 1973-06-15 1975-05-20 O F R Spa Testa di combustione per brucia tori di combustibili gassosi con stabilizzazione a gradiente di concentrazione spazialmente loca lizzato

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2569825A1 (fr) 1986-03-07
ES546707A0 (es) 1986-12-01
EP0178198A3 (en) 1987-09-02
DK401685D0 (da) 1985-09-03
ES8701950A1 (es) 1986-12-01
DK401685A (da) 1986-03-05
FR2569825B1 (fr) 1988-12-09
DE3578727D1 (de) 1990-08-23
EP0178198A2 (de) 1986-04-16
DK161908B (da) 1991-08-26

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