EP0547167B1 - Incorporation of ceramic particles into a copper base matrix to form a composite material - Google Patents

Incorporation of ceramic particles into a copper base matrix to form a composite material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0547167B1
EP0547167B1 EP91918321A EP91918321A EP0547167B1 EP 0547167 B1 EP0547167 B1 EP 0547167B1 EP 91918321 A EP91918321 A EP 91918321A EP 91918321 A EP91918321 A EP 91918321A EP 0547167 B1 EP0547167 B1 EP 0547167B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
copper
ceramic particles
eutectic
copper based
based alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91918321A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0547167A1 (en
EP0547167A4 (es
Inventor
Sankaranarayanan Ashok
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Werke AG
Original Assignee
Wieland Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wieland Werke AG filed Critical Wieland Werke AG
Publication of EP0547167A1 publication Critical patent/EP0547167A1/en
Publication of EP0547167A4 publication Critical patent/EP0547167A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0547167B1 publication Critical patent/EP0547167B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1042—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by atomising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a method of making a composite copper or copper alloy material having incorporated therein second phase particles. More particularly, this invention relates to the method of making a composite copper alloy comprising having a copper or copper base alloy matrix having a second phase of ceramic particles dispersed therein.
  • Copper and copper base alloy materials are useful in many applications. For some applications, it is desirable to modify the properties of copper or the copper base alloy material by the incorporation of ceramic particles therein to improve such properties as strength, wear resistance, hardness, modulus elasticity and thermal characteristics.
  • the interface between the matrix and the particles must be strong. That is, the ceramic particles must bond with the matrix material.
  • the ceramic particles do not bond to the copper matrix and accordingly, the resulting alloy does not realize improved properties.
  • One relatively new method of casting metal is the spray casting process which generally comprises the steps of atomizing a fine stream of molten metal, depositing the particles onto a collector where the hot particles solidify to form a preform and then working or directly machining the preform to generate the final shape and/or properties required.
  • OSPREY One form of such a spray casting process is generally known as the OSPREY process and is more fully disclosed in U.S. Patent Numbers RE 31,767 and 4,804,034 as well as United Kingdom Patent No. 2,112,900. Further details about the process are contained in the publication entitled "The Osprey Preform Process" by R. W. Evans, et al, Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 28, No. 1 (1985).
  • a controlled stream of molten metal is poured into a gas-atomizing device where it is impacted by high-velocity jets of gas, usually nitrogen or argon.
  • the resulting spray of metal particles is directed onto a "collector" where the hot particles re-coalesce to form a highly dense preform.
  • the collector is fixed to a mechanism which is programmed to form a sequence of movements within the spray, so that the desired preform shape can be generated.
  • the preform can then be further processed, normally by hot working, to form a semi-finished or finished product.
  • the OSPREY process has also been developed for producing strip or plate or spray-coated strip or plate as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,775,156 and European Patent Application No. 225,080.
  • a substrate or collector such as a flat substrate or an endless belt is moved continuously through the spray to receive a deposit of uniform thickness across its width.
  • JP-A-60152644 discloses a copper alloy containing chromium, zirconium, zirconium oxide and a deoxidizer selected from lithium, magnesium and rare earth metals.
  • the molten alloy is teemed into a metal mould, while the zirconium oxide particles are blown into the flow of the molten copper alloy.
  • WO-A-8905870 discloses a method of spray deposition in which an addition or reactant material is added for diffusion or reaction with a base material being atomized.
  • the addition may be particles of a different metal, metal alloy, ceramic or a non-metallic material introduced into the stream or spray to form an alloying addition to the base material.
  • WO-A-8 607 613 discloses a process for the dispersion hardening of copper in which a melt based on the matrix metal with additions of boron and boride-forming metals is heated and then subjected to an extremely rapid solidification by spraying.
  • the boride-forming metals used are preferably Ti and/or Zr, whereby an excess of these boride-forming metals is present.
  • the spray casting process may be used in casting copper or copper base alloy composites containing ceramic material.
  • the second phase solid ceramic particles is introduced into a copper or copper base alloy material during spray casting when the copper or copper base alloy material contains a eutectic reactive element which is capable of diffusing into the ceramic particles.
  • the copper base material containing the reactive element is spray cast with the solid ceramic particles being introduced into the spray of molten metal before it is deposited on the substrate.
  • a spray cast copper based composite material of a copper or copper base alloy matrix with a second phase of solid ceramic particles as claimed in claim 4 is produced by first microalloying the copper or copper base alloy matrix with a eutectic reactive element which is capable of diffusion into the ceramic particles.
  • the ceramic materials which form the second phase particles in the copper or copper base alloy matrix according to the present invention include oxides, borides, nitrides, carbides and mixtures thereof which are difficult to bond with the copper or copper base alloy during conventional casting processes.
  • Specific materials which have particular utility for use in this invention include silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, titanium nitride, titanium oxide, silicon nitride, titanium boride, zirconium boride and tungsten carbide.
  • the eutectic reactive element should be one that is capable of diffusing into the ceramic particles and also alloying with the copper or copper base material.
  • eutectic reactive elements include zirconium, chromium and titanium.
  • Aluminum and magnesium may also be used but are not thought to be as effective as the previously mentioned materials.
  • the reactive element or elements may be alloyed with a copper based component by any conventional alloying process such as by adding them to the copper melt before the melt is atomized and spray cast.
  • the amount of such reactive element should be sufficient to diffuse into the ceramic material to effect a good bond between the ceramic material and the copper based matrix.
  • the amount of such material is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 5.0 weight percent and preferably in the range of about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent.
  • the copper based material containing the reactive element is spray cast onto a moving substrate upon which it solidifies to form a cast product.
  • the solid ceramic particles are introduced by either by injecting them into the gas stream used to atomize the copper based melt or directly into the spray.
  • FIGURE 1 discloses a spray deposition apparatus 10 which is used to produce a continuous strip of the composite material A.
  • the spray deposition apparatus 10 employs a tundish 12 in which a metal alloy having a desired composition B is held in molten form.
  • the tundish 12 receives the molten alloy B from a tiltable melt furnace 14, via a transfer launder 16.
  • the tundish 12 further has a bottom nozzle 18 through which the molten alloy B issues in a continuous stream C.
  • a gas atomizer 20 is positioned below the tundish bottom nozzle 18 within a spray chamber 22 of the apparatus 10.
  • the atomizer 20 is supplied with a gas under pressure from any suitable source.
  • the gas serves to atomize the molten metal alloy and also supplies a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the atomized droplets.
  • a most preferred gas is nitrogen.
  • the nitrogen should have a low concentration of oxygen to avoid the formation of undesirable oxides.
  • An oxygen concentration of under about 100 ppm and preferably less than about 10 ppm may be used.
  • the atomizer 20 surrounds the molten metal stream C and has a plurality of jets 20A from which the gas exits to impinge on the stream C so as to convert the stream into a spray D comprising a plurality of atomized molten droplets.
  • the droplets are broadcast downwardly from the atomizer 20 in the form of a divergent conical pattern. If desired, more than one atomizer 20 may be used.
  • the atomizer(s) 20 may be moved in a desired pattern for a more uniform distribution of the molten metal particles.
  • a continuous substrate system 24 as employed by the apparatus 10 extends into the spray chamber 22 in generally horizontal fashion and spaced in relation to the gas atomizer 20.
  • the substrate system 24 includes a drive means comprising a pair of spaced rolls 26, and endless substrate 28 in the form of a flexible belt entrained about and extending between the spaced rolls 26 and a series of rollers 30 which underlie and support an upper run 32 of the endless substrate 28.
  • An area 32A of the substrate upper run 32 directly underlies the divergent pattern of spray D.
  • the area 32A receives a deposit E of the atomized metal particles to form the metal strip product A.
  • the ceramic materials may be introduced in the apparatus 10 by feeding them into the plenum chamber 34 of the atomizer 20 where they will mix with the gas and exit through the jets 20A whereupon they mix with the spray D.
  • they could be fed directly into the stream C before it enters the atomizer 20 or fed into the spray D as it exits from the atomizer 20.
  • silicon carbide particles were injected into the plenum chamber of an atomizer being used to spray cast copper and a copper alloy containing 0.2 percent zirconium.
  • the zirconium had diffused into the silicon carbide particles.
  • the silicon carbide particles were observed to fracture indicating that the interface strength was greater than the particle strength.
  • the interface failed indicating that the interface was weaker than the particles.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
EP91918321A 1990-09-04 1991-08-05 Incorporation of ceramic particles into a copper base matrix to form a composite material Expired - Lifetime EP0547167B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US576889 1984-02-03
US07/576,889 US5120612A (en) 1990-09-04 1990-09-04 Incorporation of ceramic particles into a copper base matrix to form a composite material
PCT/US1991/005497 WO1992004475A1 (en) 1990-09-04 1991-08-05 Incorporation of ceramic particles into a copper base matrix to form a composite material

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0547167A1 EP0547167A1 (en) 1993-06-23
EP0547167A4 EP0547167A4 (es) 1994-02-02
EP0547167B1 true EP0547167B1 (en) 1999-12-22

Family

ID=24306429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91918321A Expired - Lifetime EP0547167B1 (en) 1990-09-04 1991-08-05 Incorporation of ceramic particles into a copper base matrix to form a composite material

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5120612A (es)
EP (1) EP0547167B1 (es)
AU (1) AU8741791A (es)
DE (1) DE69131863T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2141711T3 (es)
WO (1) WO1992004475A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4235303A1 (de) * 1992-10-20 1994-04-21 Wieland Werke Ag Rotationssymmetrisches Halbzeug mit über den Querschnitt variierenden Eigenschaften
US5390722A (en) * 1993-01-29 1995-02-21 Olin Corporation Spray cast copper composites
US5338374A (en) * 1993-07-26 1994-08-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method of making copper-titanium nitride alloy
CO7320177A1 (es) * 2014-01-10 2015-07-10 Univ Pontificia Bolivariana Upb Método para la manufactura de materiales compuesto de matriz metálica de estructura globular con partículas cerámicas
JP2022177440A (ja) * 2021-05-18 2022-12-01 セイコーエプソン株式会社 射出成形用組成物、射出成形体の製造方法およびチタン焼結体の製造方法

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3522039A (en) * 1967-06-26 1970-07-28 Olin Mathieson Copper base alloy
US3663311A (en) * 1969-05-21 1972-05-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Processing of copper alloys
GB1359486A (en) * 1970-06-20 1974-07-10 Vandervell Products Ltd Methods and apparatus for producing composite metal material
BE790453A (fr) * 1971-10-26 1973-02-15 Brooks Reginald G Fabrication d'articles en metal
US4420441A (en) * 1982-02-23 1983-12-13 National Research Development Corp. Method of making a two-phase or multi-phase metallic material
JPS59119660A (ja) * 1982-12-27 1984-07-10 Hitachi Ltd 液体金属イオン源
JPS60152644A (ja) * 1984-01-23 1985-08-10 Miyoshi Gokin Kogyo Kk 強化銅合金及びその製造方法
JPH0744826B2 (ja) * 1985-01-31 1995-05-15 ミツミ電機株式会社 スイツチング制御回路
JPS61214164A (ja) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-24 Sony Corp 記録再生装置
EP0200349B1 (en) * 1985-03-25 1989-12-13 Osprey Metals Limited Improved method of manufacture of metal products
DE3664487D1 (en) * 1985-04-19 1989-08-24 Nat Res Dev Metal forming
DE3522341A1 (de) * 1985-06-22 1987-01-02 Battelle Institut E V Verfahren zur dispersionshaertung von kupfer, silber oder gold sowie deren legierungen
GB8527852D0 (en) * 1985-11-12 1985-12-18 Osprey Metals Ltd Atomization of metals
GB8713449D0 (en) * 1987-06-09 1987-07-15 Alcan Int Ltd Aluminium alloy composites
WO1989005870A1 (en) * 1987-12-14 1989-06-29 Osprey Metals Limited Spray deposition
US4961457A (en) * 1989-04-03 1990-10-09 Olin Corporation Method to reduce porosity in a spray cast deposit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8741791A (en) 1992-03-30
EP0547167A1 (en) 1993-06-23
ES2141711T3 (es) 2000-04-01
WO1992004475A1 (en) 1992-03-19
EP0547167A4 (es) 1994-02-02
DE69131863T2 (de) 2000-06-29
DE69131863D1 (de) 2000-01-27
US5120612A (en) 1992-06-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5147448A (en) Techniques for producing fine metal powder
US10273567B2 (en) Centrifugal atomization of iron-based alloys
US5368657A (en) Gas atomization synthesis of refractory or intermetallic compounds and supersaturated solid solutions
EP0295008B1 (en) Aluminium alloy composites
CA1213792A (en) Casting and coating with metallic particles
US4194900A (en) Hard alloyed powder and method of making the same
EP0270265B1 (en) Making composite metal deposit by spray casting
US4420441A (en) Method of making a two-phase or multi-phase metallic material
US4928745A (en) Metal matrix composite manufacture
EP0484439A4 (en) Copper alloys having improved softening resistance and a method of manufacture thereof
EP0547167B1 (en) Incorporation of ceramic particles into a copper base matrix to form a composite material
JPH08199372A (ja) 傾斜機能材料の製法および装置
US3281893A (en) Continuous production of strip and other metal products from molten metal
USRE35411E (en) Belt casting of molten metal
US5390722A (en) Spray cast copper composites
RU2205094C2 (ru) Способ электронно-лучевой наплавки
JPH05105918A (ja) 微細分散複合粉末の製造方法および製造装置
Murakami et al. Production of rapidly solidified thick deposited layers of Fe C Cr alloys by flame spraying
McHugh et al. Recent INEL spray-forming developments
JPH0442465B2 (es)
GB2032457A (en) Hard Alloy Powder
Lavemia Cost Effective MM Cs by Spray Deposition
Grant et al. Spray processing of Ti metal matrix composites
McHugh Spray-forming monolithic aluminum alloy and metal matrix composite strip
Schröder et al. PROCESSING, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF P/M MAGNESIUM-SICp-COMPOSITES

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19930303

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 19931210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A4

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940330

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: WIELAND-WERKE AG

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69131863

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20000127

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2141711

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20090831

Year of fee payment: 19

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20100810

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20100915

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20100816

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20100824

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20100811

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 69131863

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20110301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110301

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: V4

Effective date: 20110805

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Expiry date: 20110804

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20110804

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20110805

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20120110

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20110806