EP0546909B1 - Notatemschutzeinrichtung für Flugzeugpassagiere - Google Patents

Notatemschutzeinrichtung für Flugzeugpassagiere Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0546909B1
EP0546909B1 EP19920403300 EP92403300A EP0546909B1 EP 0546909 B1 EP0546909 B1 EP 0546909B1 EP 19920403300 EP19920403300 EP 19920403300 EP 92403300 A EP92403300 A EP 92403300A EP 0546909 B1 EP0546909 B1 EP 0546909B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
altitude
mask
valve
oxygen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19920403300
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0546909A1 (de
Inventor
Fernand Bertheau
Gérard Silber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eros GIE
Original Assignee
Eros GIE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eros GIE filed Critical Eros GIE
Publication of EP0546909A1 publication Critical patent/EP0546909A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0546909B1 publication Critical patent/EP0546909B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/14—Respiratory apparatus for high-altitude aircraft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/1842—Ambient condition change responsive
    • Y10T137/1939—Atmospheric
    • Y10T137/2012—Pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to installations for protecting aircraft passengers against the risk of cabin depressurization during flights at high altitude.
  • Conventional passenger protection installations include a supply of oxygen connected to a distribution center which, in the event of cabin depressurization at high altitude, supplies, at a pressure which increases with altitude, a pipeline to which passenger masks are connected by a flexible tube fitted with a flow limitation throttle.
  • a distribution center which, in the event of cabin depressurization at high altitude, supplies, at a pressure which increases with altitude, a pipeline to which passenger masks are connected by a flexible tube fitted with a flow limitation throttle.
  • the protective installation is of infrequent use. It must be made of light, simple components, of economical construction, unlikely to break down.
  • the masks used in such installations generally consist of a simple shell of semi-flexible material, supplied continuously through an economizer bag into which the flexible tube opens.
  • the economizer bag is connected to the inside of the face cover by an intake check valve.
  • An exhalation valve calibrated to maintain a slight overpressure in the face cover relative to the ambient atmosphere, is fixed on the latter.
  • the economizer bag collects the oxygen flow provided by the source during the expiration periods, while the intake valve is closed, instead of letting it escape the atmosphere.
  • the supply pressure supplied by the central unit is chosen, depending on the section of the throttles, so as to provide the masks with an average oxygen flow rate sufficient for maintain, at each altitude, the minimum tracheal partial pressure required by regulations.
  • the present invention aims to provide an installation providing acceptable protection up to altitudes of approximately 13,700 meters, at the cost of modifications to existing installations which remain limited.
  • the invention starts from the observation that, in reality, current installations do not allow the wearer of the mask to breathe pure oxygen.
  • the oxygen flow and the volume of oxygen coming from the saving bag are insufficient to avoid the appearance, in the mask, of a slight depression which is enough to cause the entry of dilution air by the anti-suffocation valve with which the mask is provided and by the leaks between the face cover and the skin.
  • the average flow rate supplied through the throttle is not sufficient for the needs of some of the passengers and / or is insufficient to ensure the pulmonary ventilation during periods of agitation.
  • the invention proposes an installation characterized in that the power station is designed to, in the event of depressurization, temporarily or beyond a given cabin altitude (of around 12,200 meters), provide the channeling of oxygen under a determined pressure p1, of the order of twice the pressure p2 supplied immediately below the determined altitude, and in that each mask has a shaped face cover, comprising a seal flexible sealing lip and an unbalanced exhalation valve.
  • this generator can be simply provided to supply an oxygen flow at least twice the flow supplied subsequently, for a period of time sufficient to allow the crew to bring the aircraft to an altitude below 12,200 meters, for example for approximately 3 minutes: this case is often that of an installation intended for a business aircraft.
  • the central unit can be provided for supplying the mask boxes under a high pressure p1 which is higher than the pressure p2 to be supplied upstream of throttles each supplying a mask for the lower altitudes at 12,200 meters and each mask box is then fitted with an altimeter regulator located upstream of the throttles and means making it possible to short-circuit the regulator in response to the reception of oxygen at high pressure p1 coming from the central distribution.
  • the oxygen supply at pressure p 1 does not significantly increase the overpressure in the mask, limited by the exhalation valve. But it causes a sharp increase in flow, avoiding dilution by the entry of outside air and guaranteeing the inhalation of practically pure oxygen.
  • Such a box fulfills some of the functions which are normally provided by the distribution center in current conventional installations.
  • the installation shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 can in particular be used on a passenger airliner.
  • This installation comprises a reserve of pressurized oxygen 10 provided with a regulator 12 supplying oxygen under a pressure of 5 to 6 bars to a distribution center 14.
  • the power station in turn feeds a general pipe 16 on which are connected mask boxes 18 of which only one is shown in detail.
  • the boxes are distributed above the rows of seats and each is designed to release the masks 21 which it contains in the event of depressurization.
  • the bottom of the box 18 can constitute a cover provided with a latch 20 which is disarmed in response to the appearance, in the distribution pipe 16, of a pressure greater than a determined value p0. Unlocking can be done in another way or the masks can be permanently available to passengers, for example on business aircraft.
  • Each box 18 has a pipe 22 to which the masks are each connected by means of a throttling restrictor 24.
  • a valve 26 is interposed between the pipe and each mask 21, in series with the throttle 24. This valve is designed to be opened by pulling the passenger on a strap 28 which doubles the flexible pipe 30 for connection with the mask 21.
  • the mask itself comprises a face cover 32 provided with an elastic harness 34 for fixing on the head and with a flexible economiser bag 36.
  • each mask box 18 and each mask 21 have a particular constitution.
  • the distribution center 14 is designed to supply the general pipe 16 with oxygen at a pressure which varies as a function of the pressure in the cabin or "cabin altitude" according to two different laws, depending on whether this altitude is less than or greater than 12,200 meters , or 40,000 feet.
  • the power station 14 supplies, when the altitude exceeds, even slightly, 12,200 meters, the oxygen under a pressure p1 which is practically twice the pressure p2 supplied at a slightly lower altitude. at 12,200 meters.
  • the power station 14 shown in FIG. 1 is constructed so as not only to achieve this result, but also to provide, immediately after the detection of a depressurization beyond 3,800 meters "cabin altitude" (12,500 feet), a brief pressure peak intended to open the locks 20 of the boxes 18.
  • Many other constitutions of the control unit 14 would be possible, pneumatically or electronically controlled from signals supplied by pressure sensors.
  • the central unit 14 represented comprises a housing having an inlet connected to the reserve of oxygen under pressure 10 and an outlet for connection with the general distribution pipe 16. It can be regarded as having two stages 38 and 40 of similar constitution.
  • the first stage 38 comprises a valve 42 fixed to two membranes 44 and 46 and cooperating with a seat which surrounds the oxygen intake coming from the reserve 10.
  • the valve 42 thus controls the communication between the reserve and a regulator 48 of conventional constitution , connected by a passage 50 to the outlet 52.
  • This regulator 48 maintains a constant relative pressure at the outlet 52 with respect to the ambient pressure, admitted by an orifice 54, as long as the second stage 40 does not intervene.
  • the two membranes 44 and 46 have a different surface. They define a chamber 58 connected to the atmosphere and they are subjected to the action of a spring 56 which tends to apply the valve 42 to its seat.
  • the membrane 46 of larger section is subjected to the difference in pressures between the chamber 58 and a chamber connected to the inlet by a throttled passage 60.
  • the valve 42 and the membranes are dimensioned so that the valve opens as soon as the chamber 56 is emptied, that is to say when the cabin altitude reaches 3800 meters.
  • the second stage 40 has a constitution similar to the first.
  • the chamber delimited by the housing and the large area membrane 46a is connected to the valve of the valve 42a by a constriction 60a.
  • the surfaces of the membranes 44a and 46a are provided so that the valve of the second stage opens as soon as the chamber 56a is emptied, that is to say when the cabin altitude reaches 12,200 meters.
  • the central unit 14 shown is designed to supply, at its outlet 52, oxygen at the inlet pressure for a short period of time (sufficient to open the locks of the boxes 18) when the pressure in the cabin corresponds to an altitude greater than 12,500 feet.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sequence corresponding to a slow decompression during which the cabin altitude exceeds 12,200 meters followed by a return to the ground.
  • the outlet pressure p1 of the regulator is applied to the boxes 12 to open the latches 20, provided to be triggered from a pressure p0 less than p1.
  • the pressure then drops to a value p2, then rises to p1 when the altitude of 40,000 feet is reached.
  • the pressure drops to the p2 value which remains up to an altitude which is generally less than 12,500 feet and which is for example 10,000 feet (approximately 3,100 meters).
  • the line 22 is supplied by a regulator 70 when the pressure applied is equal to p2, by a bypass valve 72 when the pressure applied is equal to p1.
  • the by-pass or short-circuit valve 72 may be constituted by a simple membrane pushed back to a position for closing a seat by the pressure which prevails in the cabin and by the force of a spring and, in the opposite direction , by the pressure force prevailing in the pipe 22, at its center, and the inlet pressure in the box 18, at its periphery.
  • the diaphragm and the spring are dimensioned so that the short-circuit valve 72 opens when the pressure exceeds a determined value between p2 and p1.
  • the regulator 70 has for example the constitution shown in FIG. 2, having a membrane 74 provided with a pusher for opening a ball valve 76 and a capsule 78 provided for bearing, directly or by means of a spring, on the membrane when the altitude in the cabin exceeds 10,000 feet.
  • the pressure in the pipe 22 then has a law of variation as a function of the cabin altitude of the kind shown in FIG. 4.
  • the face cover 32 of the mask 21 has an internal lip 80 of flexible elastomer, delimiting an opening of triangular shape and shaped so as to be applied against the bridge of the nose and the face by internal pressure.
  • the mask shown in FIG. 3 comprises a valve block 82 which incorporates a flexible valve 84 for admission from the economizer bag 36 according to the arrows f0. If the bag is empty, the assembly constituted by the flexible valve 84 and the box which supports it can be lifted to allow passage to additional air, the path of which is then the one indicated by the arrows f1.
  • the oxygen supply to the economizer bag 36 can be carried out by a flexible pipe 30 shown in front of the face cover in FIG. 3 but which in practice will rather be placed on the side, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • the exhalation can be carried out for example through an additional valve 86 calibrated by a spring, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, or through an annular exhalation valve (not shown) at the periphery of the block 82 having a flexible obturator of which the stiffness fixes the maximum overpressure in the mask.
  • each mask is individually supplied by a chemical generator, this is provided to supply, from the moment it is started, an oxygen flow rate which varies according to a law of the kind shown in FIG. 6, making it possible to supply the oxygen required during the descent in the most critical conditions, from an altitude which generally cannot exceed 45,000 feet, that is to say 13,700 meters.
  • the law of variation given by the adoption of a variable composition or a variable section of the "candle" of oxygen supply can be of the kind given in figure 6.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Schutz von Flugpassagieren gegen die Risiken eines Druckabfalls, enthaltend einen Sauerstoff-Vorratsbehälter (10), der mit einer zentralen Verteilungseinheit (14) verbunden ist, welche bei einem Druckabfall in großer Höhe einer Leitungsanordnung Sauerstoff mit einem Druck zuführt, welcher bei steigender Höhe ebenfalls ansteigt, wobei die Atemmasken (21) der Passagiere über einen biegsamen, zur Begrenzung der Sauerstoffmenge mit einem Drosselventil (24) versehenen Schlauch (30) an diese Leitungsanordnung angeschlossen sind,
    gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die zentrale Verteilungseinheit dazu bestimmt ist, für eine bestimmte Zeit oder in einer bestimmten Flughöhe die Leitungsanordnung mit Sauerstoff zu versorgen, welcher unter einem vorbestimmten Druck steht, der in etwa zweimal so hoch ist, wie der Druck, der unmittelbar bei einer niedrigeren Flughöhe erzeugt wird, und dadurch daß jede Atemmaske eine Gesichtsabdeckung (32) bestimmter Form umfaßt, welche eine biegsame Abdichtung aus inneren Dichtungsrändern enthält.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vorratsbehälter (10) und die zentrale Verteilungseinheit (14) einen Sauerstofferzeuger auf der Grundlage einer chemischer Reaktion bilden, wobei dieser Sauerstofferzeuger dazu vorgesehen ist, während der ersten etwa drei Minuten eine Sauerstoffmenge bereitzustellen, die wenigstens doppelt so groß ist, wie die später gelieferte Sauerstoffmenge.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Maskenbehälter (18) umfaßt, die zwischen der zentralen Verteilungseinheit (14) und der Leitungsanordnung vorgesehen sind, daß die zentrale Verteilungseinheit (14) dazu dient, den Maskenbehältern (18) Sauerstoff mit einem vorbestimmten Druck zuzuführen, der höher ist als der Druck, der in einer Höhe, die unterhalb der vorbestimmten Höhe liegt, oberhalb der Drosselventile erzeugt wird, und daß jeder Maskenbehälter mit einem Höhenmeß-Druckregler (70) und mit Mitteln (72) ausgestattet ist, die es ermöglichen, den Höhenmeß-Druckregler (70) kurzzuschließen, wenn der vorbestimmte, von der zentralen Verteilungseinheit erzeugte Druck erreicht wird.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorbestimmte Höhe bei ungefähr 12.200 m liegt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Maske über ein Einatmungs-Klappenventil mit der Leitungsanordnung verbunden und mit einen Auffangbeutel ausgestattet ist und ein nicht druckunabhängiges Ausatmungs-Klappenventil enthält.
EP19920403300 1991-12-13 1992-12-07 Notatemschutzeinrichtung für Flugzeugpassagiere Expired - Lifetime EP0546909B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9115526A FR2684954B1 (fr) 1991-12-13 1991-12-13 Installation de protection respiratoire pour passagers d'aeronef.
FR9115526 1991-12-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0546909A1 EP0546909A1 (de) 1993-06-16
EP0546909B1 true EP0546909B1 (de) 1997-02-26

Family

ID=9420045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19920403300 Expired - Lifetime EP0546909B1 (de) 1991-12-13 1992-12-07 Notatemschutzeinrichtung für Flugzeugpassagiere

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5357949A (de)
EP (1) EP0546909B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69217628T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2098476T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2684954B1 (de)

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DE19531916C2 (de) * 1995-08-30 1997-11-20 Daimler Benz Aerospace Airbus Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von Atemgas in Notsauerstoffsystemen
DE19739161C1 (de) * 1997-09-06 1999-01-07 Draeger Aerospace Gmbh Entlüftungsventil für schnellen Druckabfall in Flugzeugkabinen
FR2832639B1 (fr) * 2001-11-28 2004-07-02 Intertechnique Sa Procede et dispositif de protection des passagers d'un aeronef contre l'hypoxie
DE10217499C1 (de) * 2002-04-19 2003-07-24 Draeger Aerospace Gmbh Sicherheitsvorrichtung für ein Gas-Verteilungssystem in einem Flugzeug
US6988509B2 (en) * 2003-03-17 2006-01-24 Carleton Technologies, Inc. Riser line shutoff valve
DE10320454B4 (de) * 2003-05-08 2017-12-07 Weinmann Emergency Medical Technology Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Gasströmung
CA2443510C (en) 2003-09-30 2010-09-14 Scott Technologies, Inc. Automatic transfer regulator for hose-line respirator
US7588032B2 (en) * 2004-12-08 2009-09-15 Be Intellectual Proeprty, Inc. Oxygen conservation system for commercial aircraft
US7836886B2 (en) * 2005-10-11 2010-11-23 B/E Intellectual Property Breathing mask and regulator for aircraft
US20110174307A1 (en) * 2006-01-04 2011-07-21 Lessi Stephane Device for Supplying Oxygen to the Occupants of an Aircraft and Pressure Regulator for Such a Device
ATE474630T1 (de) * 2006-04-13 2010-08-15 Intertechnique Sa Atemgaszufuhrkreis für ein mit passagieren besetztes flugzeug
US9849313B2 (en) * 2006-04-26 2017-12-26 Zodiac Aerotechnics System to deliver oxygen in an aircraft
US9809313B2 (en) * 2007-01-22 2017-11-07 Honeywell International Inc. Cabin altitude alerting systems and methods
DE102007048924A1 (de) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh System zum Bereitstellen von Notfallsauerstoff sowie therapeutischem Sauerstoff
US20090188504A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-07-30 Siska Jr William D Mechanically actuated emergency oxygen delivery system
US8640702B2 (en) 2008-06-23 2014-02-04 Be Intellectual Property, Inc. System for regulating the dispensing of commercial aircraft passenger oxygen supply
CA2810967C (en) * 2010-09-23 2016-11-29 Intertechnique Oxygen regulator to deliver breathing gas in an aircraft
US9038628B2 (en) * 2011-11-30 2015-05-26 Avox Systems Inc. System and method for an oxygen system alarm
US9242725B1 (en) * 2013-05-13 2016-01-26 The Boeing Company Selection of emergency descent rates for an aircraft due to cabin depressurization
GB201411199D0 (en) * 2014-06-24 2014-08-06 Avia Tech Ltd Emergency oxygen supply system
US11617847B2 (en) 2017-01-11 2023-04-04 Model Software Corporation Methods for minimizing delayed effects of exposure to reduced oxygen partial pressure via administration of supplemental oxygen
US10532175B1 (en) 2019-05-23 2020-01-14 Model Software Corporation Methods for minimizing delayed effects of exposure to reduced oxygen partial pressure via administration of supplemental oxygen
RU2695573C2 (ru) * 2017-01-19 2019-07-24 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Звезда" имени академика Г.И. Северина" Комплект кислородного оборудования и снаряжения для прыжков с большой высоты
EP4056236A1 (de) * 2021-03-11 2022-09-14 B/E Aerospace Systems GmbH Sauerstoffmaske zur verwendung in einem flugzeug, notfallsauerstoffsystem und flugzeug

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FR2614118B1 (fr) * 1987-04-15 1989-07-13 Intertechnique Sa Regulateur a la demande de fourniture de gaz respiratoire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2684954A1 (fr) 1993-06-18
US5357949A (en) 1994-10-25
FR2684954B1 (fr) 1996-05-24
DE69217628T2 (de) 1997-06-12
EP0546909A1 (de) 1993-06-16
DE69217628D1 (de) 1997-04-03
ES2098476T3 (es) 1997-05-01

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