EP0546864B1 - Entgasungssystem für Gebäude und ein Einrichtungsverfahren dazu - Google Patents

Entgasungssystem für Gebäude und ein Einrichtungsverfahren dazu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0546864B1
EP0546864B1 EP19920311362 EP92311362A EP0546864B1 EP 0546864 B1 EP0546864 B1 EP 0546864B1 EP 19920311362 EP19920311362 EP 19920311362 EP 92311362 A EP92311362 A EP 92311362A EP 0546864 B1 EP0546864 B1 EP 0546864B1
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Prior art keywords
chamber
outlet
apertures
building
gas
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EP19920311362
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0546864A1 (de
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Philip Hancock
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/16—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against adverse conditions, e.g. extreme climate, pests
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/008—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against entry of noxious gases, e.g. Radon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a suction-balance chamber particularly for location beneath the floor of a building to collect gases permeating from the underlying ground and for connection to a duct for venting the gases to the exterior of the building.
  • the invention is particularly concerned with the venting of radon-containing gases to the exterior of a building but is also applicable to the venting of other noxious gases, such as methane, from underlying strata.
  • chambers are usually built from brick, possibly with a cast-concrete floor and cover. Gaps are left between the bricks to allow gas to percolate into the chamber while a vent pipe leads from the chamber to the exterior or into the roof void to vent gas to the atmosphere.
  • the chamber vent duct and inlets are so-dimensioned as to create a suction-balanced system which enables gas to flow freely through the chamber, possibly assisted by a fan or impeller in the vent duct.
  • a problem with the current brick-built chambers is that they are expensive to construct not only in terms of the actual material and labour costs for the building work itself but also because it is necessary to allow time for the mortar to set before the cover and impermeable barrier layer can be laid on top. This can mean that half a day's labour is lost, with the work force idle and unable to continue their subsequent work.
  • a solution which has been proposed to this problem is to prefabricate the sump by moulding it from plastics materials in the form of a container with integral top, bottom and peripheral walls. This reduces the installation time, and hence the installation costs, but this known sump is itself expensive and also requires a separate, load-bearing cover to be placed over it during installation to prevent its deformation by overlying material, in use.
  • An alternative prefabricted sump is described in WO 89/05890 and comprises a tube which can be sunk in the ground with its axis vertical.
  • the tube has a plurality of preformed inlet apertures at its lower end and an outlet to an integral pipe spigot at its upper end for sealed connection to a vent duct.
  • a blower arranged between the inlet apertures and the outlet spigot vents gas from the tube through the outlet from whence it is ducted to a safe exhaust location while a sealed top to the tube prevents the gas from being forced by the blower into the overlying ground or a building thereon.
  • the present invention provides a prefabricated chamber for sinking in the ground beneath a building, comprising an annular wall having a gas outlet and a plurality of gas-inlet apertures passing therethrough and a load-bearing cover for engaging an open end of the annular wall, uppermost in use, to close it, characterised in that the annular wall and the cover are precast and in that the annular wall has a plurality of plain outlet apertures facing in different directions from one another and of larger section than the inlet apertures for selectively receiving therein a vent duct for venting gas from the chamber in use, the outlet apertures not connected to the vent duct being adapted to serve as additional inlet apertures in use.
  • the annular wall In use, the annular wall is intended to be sunk into the ground with its axis vertical and with the cover placed over it.
  • a base on which the annulus will seat is preferably also included.
  • the cover and base preferably comprise reinforced-concrete slabs of suitable thickness and of substantially the same peripheral dimensions as the external dimensions of the annular wall which is preferably also cast from concrete with suitable reinforcement. The slabs and annular wall may simply be rested one on top of another without any fixing means.
  • the annular wall may be of any sectional shape, such as circular, but conveniently is square. In this case it conveniently has an outlet in each face so that, when placed in the ground in any one of four orientations, the face facing the vent pipe will present an aperture for connection thereto.
  • the apertures not used for the vent duct may then constitute inlet apertures for the chamber and may simply be left open or may be connected to ducts which extend beneath the floor of the building to collect gases from areas remote from the chamber itself.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the inlets is preferably at least nine times the cross-section of the vent outlet.
  • the annular wall is preferably formed so that it can be used with either open end uppermost.
  • the outlet apertures are preferably spaced from that edge of the annular wall which will rest on the base, in use, in order to prevent any water which may collect in the chamber, for example due to condensation or seepage, from collecting in the vent duct.
  • a hole is first dug in the ground beneath the building which is to be protected from radon or other gas seepage.
  • the concrete base is then simply placed in the bottom of the hole, the annular wall is placed on it, any pipework that it requires is laid and connected to the various apertures and the cover slab is placed on top.
  • the annulus may be of such a size and weight that it can be rested on the base without any need for attachment or location members although such members, for example in the form of projections on the base which engage in the corners of the square annulus, may be provided if desired.
  • the cover is preferably in the form of a simple square slab of concrete although locating means may be provided.
  • the hole may be back-filled around the chamber with clean rubble.
  • the chamber of the invention may be installed very quickly and easily. No mortar is required to hold the annulus and/or cover in place and, indeed, would be disadvantageous not only because of the setting time involved but also because the slight gaps which would normally exist between the slabs and the edges of the annular wall provide further entry points for gases into the chamber.
  • a further advantage in the use of concrete over plastics material is that the concrete itself may be permeable to gas, thus increasing the cross-sectional area open to the inflow of gas even further.
  • At least the annular wall is preferably manufactured from a lightweight concrete.
  • a concrete reinforced with silica fibres is found to be particularly convenient as it can be cast simply and quickly: galvanized steel reinforcements, which are also suitable, are more time-consuming to lay up.
  • the invention further comprehends a method of installing a venting system for a building, including the steps of: forming a hole in the ground beneath the floor, or intended floor, of the building sufficient to accommodate a sump; placing a prefabricated annular sump wall having a plurality of inlet apertures and an outlet in the hole with its axis vertical and with the outlet facing in a selected direction for connection to a vent duct; placing a load-bearing cover on the annular wall to close its open upper end and complete the sump chamber; connecting the inlet end of a vent duct to the outlet; laying an impermeable membrane over the chamber and beneath the entire floor area of the building; and arranging the vent duct such that an outlet end opens to the exterior of the building; characterised in that it includes the step of precasting the annular sump wall with the inlet apertures and a plurality of plain outlet apertures facing in different directions from one another and of larger section than the inlet apertures; selecting a respective one of the outlet apertures for connection to the vent
  • the vent duct may be sectional in which case the joints are preferably sealed to prevent the escape of gas therefrom.
  • One or more inlet ducts may also be provided each being connected at one end to an inlet aperture to the chamber or to an outlet aperture not connected to a vent duct and extending beneath the floor of the building to duct gas therefrom into the chamber.
  • a vent pipe which terminates at roof level may rely on the pressure difference between the chamber and the roof of the building to ensure a flow of gases from the chamber to the upper, outlet end of the duct from where they can escape to the atmosphere.
  • a fan or impeller is provided in the duct for drawing air from the chamber and expelling it into the atmosphere.
  • the invention further comprehends a kit for forming a gas-venting system for a building, comprising: a prefabricated chamber for sinking in the ground beneath the building, the chamber having an annular chamber wall with a gas outlet and a plurality of gas inlet apertures and a load-bearing cover engageable with an open end of the annular wall to close it; a gas-impermeable membrane for location over the chamber beneath the floor of the building; and a vent duct for venting gases from the chamber through the outlet, characterised in that the precast annular wall has a plurality of plain outlet apertures facing in different directions from one another and of larger section than the inlet apertures and in that one end of the vent duct can be fitted into any one of the outlet apertures to form a connection therewith to vent gases from the chamber.
  • a suction balance chamber is shown generally indicated 11.
  • the chamber 11 includes two square reinforced concrete slabs 12 and 13, each measuring 600mm along each side and being 40mm thick.
  • the slab 12 constitutes the base of the chamber whilst the slab 13 constitutes the cover.
  • the peripheral wall of the chamber is constituted by a pre-cast, square annulus 14 also having external dimensions of 600mm along each side 14a but having a wall thickness of 75mm. the annulus 14 is 225mm high.
  • the annulus 14 has a central circular through-aperture 15 in each side 14a and a plurality of smaller apertures 16 grouped around each central aperture 15.
  • the apertures 16 are also circular, for convenience of manufacture, but could be of any shape and arranged in any convenient manner. What is important is the cross-sectional area of the apertures 15 and 16 which will be explained further below.
  • the chamber 11 is placed in a hole indicated 17 in the ground 18 beneath the floor of a building (not shown).
  • the hole 17 may be dug in the floor of an existing building or may be dug during the erection of a new building.
  • the chamber 11 is constructed simply by the placing of the base slab 12 on the flat bottom of the hole 17, the location of the annulus 14 on the base 12 and the subsequent placing of the cover 13 on the top of the annulus 14.
  • at least one of the central apertures 15 in the annulus is connected to a vent pipe indicated 20.
  • the connection is effected simply by the fitting of one end of the pipe 20 into the selected aperture 15, the pipe being a fairly close fit but there being no need to seal the pipe in the aperture.
  • From the chamber 11 the pipe 20 extends through a channel 21 in the ground 18 to a suitable point at which it can be connected at an elbow joint, not shown, to a vertical pipe.
  • the vent pipe may be formed in various sections which can be interconnected by sealed joints to form a required configuration to extend from the chamber to any selected outlet point outside the building.
  • a fan also not shown, can be provided in the vent pipe to draw air through it from the chamber 11 and to exhaust it to the exterior of the building.
  • the other three larger apertures 15 in the sides 14a of the annulus 14 which are not connected to the vent pipe 20 may be left free or, as shown in Figure 2, may receive the ends of inlet pipes indicated 22.
  • These inlet pipes may extend only a short distance from the chamber 11 as shown in Figure 2 or extend in suitable channels for a considerable distance beneath the floor of the building.
  • the inlet pipes 22 may be of a porous material and/or may be perforated to allow any gas in the ground 18 beneath the building to seep into them and from there into the chamber 11. Gas will also seep into the chamber through the smaller apertures 16 in its walls.
  • the larger apertures 15 have a diameter of 100mm while the smaller apertures 16 have a diameter of 40mm, there being ten smaller apertures 16 in each side 14a of the annulus 14.
  • the cross-sectional area of the outlet aperture 15 connected to the vent pipe 20 is thus approximately 8,000sq mm while the total cross-sectional area of the three inlet apertures 15 plus the apertures 16 is approximately 74,000sq mm, with a ratio of the inlet cross-sectional area to the outlet cross-sectional area of approximately 9.4:1. This is greater than the minimum ratio of 9:1 which is required to create a suction balance and ensure a free flow of air into the chamber 11 through the various inlets and out through the vent pipe 20.
  • the gaps between the annular wall 14 and the base 12 and cover 13 provide a further inlet for gases while the concrete constituting the three members 12, 13, 14 of the chamber is also gas-permeable.
  • the preferred concrete for the annular wall 14 is a lightweight concrete reinforced with silica fibre.
  • An annulus 14 made from this concrete is sufficiently light to be handled by one person.
  • the slabs 12 and 13 may be made from the same concrete.
  • the slabs 12, 13 and/or for the wall 14 may be made from concrete reinforced with galvanised steel rods.
  • the area around the chamber 11 is back-filled with clean rubble indicated 23 and a gas-impervious membrane 24 of known type is laid over the chamber so as to cover the entire ground area within the building.
  • radon permeating up through the ground will seep through the inlet apertures 16 and through any inlet ducts connected to the apertures 15 into the chamber 11 from where it will be exhausted through the vent pipe 20 by means of the fan. This prevents a buildup of gas beneath the impervious membrane 24 which itself prevents the gas from leaking into the building.
  • a chamber of the size described above is suitable for protecting a building with a floor area of up to about 250sq m.
  • the chamber 11 would preferably be sunk in the centre of such a building and would operate over a radius of about 9m. If it were necessary to locate the chamber near one side or corner of the building, apertures in the sides 14a of the chamber facing out of the building could be blanked off: it might, in addition, be necessary to provide one or more additional chambers under other parts of the building.
  • chamber 11 may be altered at will to suit a particular use, but chambers of the following dimensions have been found suitable in practice: Thickness of cover and base slabs : 50mm Height of annular wall : 225mm External dimension of each side of cover, base and annular wall : 600mm, 407mm or 305mm.
  • apertured plugs are provided for insertion in any of the four central apertures 15 in the annulus 14 which are not connected to a vent pipe 20 or to an inlet pipe 22.
  • the plugs are a close fit in these apertures and themselves have apertures of substantially the same diameter as the apertures 16. The plugs prevent any smaller pieces of the backfill rubble 23 from entering the chamber 11, in use, while providing additional inlet apertures.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Vorgefertigte Kammer (11) zum Vergraben im Boden neben einem Gebäude, bestehend aus einer geschlossenen Wand (14), die einen Gasauslaß und mehrere Gaseinlaßöffnungen (16), die durch sie hindurchgehen und eine lasttragende Abdeckung (13) aufweist, die bei Benutzung ein offenes Ende der geschlossenen Wand oben schließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die geschlossene Wand und die Abdeckung Fertigteile sind und daß die geschlossene Wand mehrere einfache Auslaßöffnungen (15) aufweist, die in unterschiedliche Richtungen weisen und einen größeren Durchmesser aufweisen, als die Einlaßöffnungen, um wahlweise einen Entgasungskanal, der bei Benutzung Gas aus der Kammer (11) leitet, aufzunehmen, wobei bei Benutzung die Auslaßöffnungen, die nicht mit dem Entgasungskanal verbunden sind, dazu geeignet sind, um als zusätzliche Einlaßöffnungen zu dienen.
  2. Vorgefertigte Kammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammer an beiden Enden offen und mit jedem Ende oben benutzbar ist, wobei die Abdeckung mit beiden Enden in Eingriff bringbar ist, um diese zu verschließen.
  3. Vorgefertigte Kammer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen Boden (12) aufweist, der die geschlossene Wand (14) trägt und das Ende verschließt, das dem durch die Abdeckung (13) verschlossenen Ende entgegenliegt.
  4. Vorgefertigte Kammer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die geschlossene Wand (14) aus einem offenen, bewehrten Betonkörper besteht, der innen und außen entlang seiner Achse im einen im wesentlichen gleichförmigen Durchmesser aufweist und wobei der Boden (12) und die Abdeckung (13) aus bewehrten Betonplatten bestehen, die im wesentlichen die gleichen äußeren Abmessungen aufweisen, wie das Ende der geschlossenen Wand, das sie verschließen.
  5. Vorgefertigte Kammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gaseinlaßöffnungen und die Gasauslaßöffnungen einen Abstand von den axialen Enden der geschlossenen Kammerwand aufweisen.
  6. Bausatz für die Herstellung eines Entgasungssystems für ein Gebäude, bestehend aus einer vorgefertigten Kammer (11) für das Vergraben im Boden neben einem Gebäude, wobei die Kammer eine geschlossene Kammerwand (14) mit einem Gasauslaß und mehreren Gaseinlässen (16), sowie eine lasttragende Abdeckung (13) aufweist, die mit einem offenen Ende der geschlossenen Wand in Eingriff bringbar ist, um diese zu schließen; aus einer gasundurchlässigen Membran (24) zur Anordnung über der Kammer (11) neben dem Boden des Gebäudes; und einem Entgasungskanal (20) um Gas durch die Öffnung aus der Kammer zu leiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die geschlossene Wand (14) mehrere einfache Auslaßöffnungen (16) aufweist, die in verschiedene Richtungen weisen und einen größeren Durchmesser aufweisen, als die Einlaßöffnungen (16) und daß ein Ende des Entgasungskanals in eine beliebige Auslaßöffnung eingesetzt werden kann, um eine Verbindung damit herzustellen um Gase aus der Kammer zu leiten.
  7. Bausatz nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er weiter einen Boden (12) aufweist, der die geschlossene Wand trägt und die Öffnung verschließt, die der Öffnung gegenüberliegt, die durch die Abdeckung verschlossen ist.
  8. Bausatz nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie weiter einen Ventilator oder ein Flügelrad in dem Entgasungskanal (20) aufweist, um Luft aus der Kammer zu saugen und durch den Entgasungskanal abzuleiten.
  9. Bausatz nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er weiter wenigstens einen Einlaßkanal (22) aufweist, der in irgendeine der Auslaßöffnungen eingesetzt werden kann, um eine Verbindung mit dieser herzustellen.
  10. Bausatz nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bausatz weiter wenigstens einen Stöpsel mit einer Öffnung aufweist, der in eine Auslaßöffnung einsetzbar ist um eine Einlaßöffnung zu bilden, die kleiner als die Auslaßöffnung ist.
  11. Verfahren zum Installieren eines Entgasungssystems für ein Gebäude, bestehend aus den Schritten: Bilden eines Lochs (17), das groß genug ist, um ein Auffangbecken aufzunehmen, in der Erde (18) neben dem Boden, oder dem beabsichtigten Boden, des Gebäudes; Einbringen einer vorgefertigten, geschlossenen Auffangwand mit mehreren Einlaßöffnungen (16) und einem Auslaß (15) mit senkrechter Achse in das Loch, wobei der Auslaß in eine bestimmte Richtung für die Verbindung mit einem Entgasungskanal weist; Auflegen einer gewichtstragenden Abdeckung (13) auf die geschlossene Wand, um ihr oben offenes Ende zu schließen und die Auffangkammer zu vollenden; Verbinden des Einlaßendes eines Entgasungskanals (20) mit dem Auslaß; Legen einer undurchlässigen Membran (24) über die Kammer und neben den gesamten Bodenbereich des Gebäudes; und Anordnen des Entgasungskanals derart, daß ein Auslaßende sich in das Äußere des Gebäudes öffnet; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es den Schritt der Vorfertigung der geschlossenen Auffangwand mit den Einlaßöffnungen und mehreren einfachen Auslaßöffungen, die in unterschiedliche Richtungen weisen und einen größeren Durchmesser aufweisen, als die Einlaßöffnungen, umfaßt; Auswählen einer der Auslaßöffnungen für die Verbindung mit dem Entgasungskanal; und Bewerkstelligen der Verbindung durch Einsetzen eines Endes des Entgasungskanals in die ausgewählte Öffnung.
EP19920311362 1991-12-13 1992-12-14 Entgasungssystem für Gebäude und ein Einrichtungsverfahren dazu Expired - Lifetime EP0546864B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9126487 1991-12-13
GB919126487A GB9126487D0 (en) 1991-12-13 1991-12-13 Suction-balance chamber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0546864A1 EP0546864A1 (de) 1993-06-16
EP0546864B1 true EP0546864B1 (de) 1996-11-06

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EP19920311362 Expired - Lifetime EP0546864B1 (de) 1991-12-13 1992-12-14 Entgasungssystem für Gebäude und ein Einrichtungsverfahren dazu

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DE (1) DE69215063D1 (de)
GB (1) GB9126487D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4311810A1 (de) * 1993-04-05 1994-10-06 Horn Wolfgang Verfahren und Abdichtung zum Schutz von Bauwerken gegen Eindringen schädlicher Gase, insbesondere von Radon, aus dem Baugrund
FR2839185A1 (fr) * 2002-04-29 2003-10-31 Jean Pronost Dispositifs de traitement des gaz radioactifs ou nocifs dans les maisons, edifices...
KR102208055B1 (ko) * 2018-11-27 2021-01-26 김홍배 라돈 저감용 바닥기초의 시공방법
KR101969703B1 (ko) * 2019-01-04 2019-08-20 김홍배 라돈가스의 차단 및 제거를 위한 건물 바닥 기초 시공 방법

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE461233B (sv) * 1987-12-18 1990-01-22 Bengt E Eriksson Anordning foer avsugning av jordluft
US4957394A (en) * 1989-08-30 1990-09-18 Radon Home Products, Inc. Method and apparatus for sub-floor collection and disposal of radon gas

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DE69215063D1 (de) 1996-12-12
GB9126487D0 (en) 1992-02-12
EP0546864A1 (de) 1993-06-16

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