EP0543155A1 - Procédé pour une combustion peu polluante dans une chaudère de centrale électrique - Google Patents

Procédé pour une combustion peu polluante dans une chaudère de centrale électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0543155A1
EP0543155A1 EP92117799A EP92117799A EP0543155A1 EP 0543155 A1 EP0543155 A1 EP 0543155A1 EP 92117799 A EP92117799 A EP 92117799A EP 92117799 A EP92117799 A EP 92117799A EP 0543155 A1 EP0543155 A1 EP 0543155A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
boiler
combustion
combustion chamber
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92117799A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0543155B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Haumann
Thomas Dr. Sattelmayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0543155A1 publication Critical patent/EP0543155A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0543155B1 publication Critical patent/EP0543155B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F23C7/06—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner for heating the incoming air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a burner for carrying out this method.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing precautions in a method of the type mentioned at the outset which bring about a minimization of pollutant emissions, in particular noxious emissions.
  • the proposed solution is a double air staging method.
  • the substoichiometric operation of a boiler can reduce nitrogenous fuel compounds.
  • Reaction kinetic studies show a pronounced optimum for the air ratio.
  • the reduction mechanism increases with increasing air preheating.
  • the optimum shifts to richer operating conditions. If fuel and air are premixed, a combustion process can be realized at the optimum point.
  • the main advantage of the invention is that, as a result of these findings, the air is preheated above the previous level before a very rich, but homogeneous mixture of fuel and primary air is generated in burners, the mixture then being partially burned in a pre-combustion chamber becomes.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the flame tube of the pre-combustion chamber can simultaneously serve as a heat exchanger for the combustion air.
  • Another important advantage of the invention is that the proposed solution is ideal for retrofit equipment of the best boilers, because with the solution the heat content of the exhaust gases corresponds to the value that was obtained during the previous staged operation of the boiler. This maintains the performance in the lower area of the evaporator. As in previous boilers with staged operation, the upper level is used to admix the residual air.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a conventional power plant boiler 22 for steam generation.
  • a conventional power plant boiler 22 for steam generation can be a multi-pressure boiler, as the various high-pressure, medium-pressure and low-pressure heat exchangers 30, 31, 32 show downstream of the furnace.
  • the core of the boiler 22, however, is the actual firing, which is located at the top of the boiler 22. It is formed by a series of pre-combustion chambers 24 which are distributed over the circumference of the boiler 22 and which are each equipped with at least one burner 25a-c.
  • the combustion process of this boiler is operated with a double air step.
  • the burner 25a-c operated with a primary air flow, this air consisting of at least a portion of fresh air 26 which, as will be explained in detail below in FIG.
  • a liquid fuel 12 is preferably provided as the fuel for operating these burners 25a-c. Of course, other fuels can also be used. With regard to the mode of operation of the burner 25a-c preferably used here, reference is made to FIGS. 3-6.
  • This upper level as the admixture point of the residual air 29, provides for heat dissipation to the evaporator 22a, the temperatures therefore being relatively low, so that strong thermal NOx formation when this air is mixed in can be prevented.
  • the pre-combustion chamber is operated with a ⁇ of 0.6-0.65. A ⁇ of 0.75 then prevails in the boiler 22 itself. Only after the residual air 29 has been injected does ⁇ rise to 1.05. The substoichiometric operation of this boiler 22 enables nitrogen-containing fuel compounds to be reduced. The reduction mechanism increases with increasing Air preheating, which already indicates how the caloric preparation will take place.
  • the residence time of the rich but homogeneous mixture in the pre-combustion chamber 24, which is generated from fuel 12 and primary air, and which is partially burned in the pre-combustion chamber 24, must be selected so that the breakdown of the nitrogen compounds is well advanced.
  • a weak gas of very high temperature At the end of the pre-combustion chamber 24 there is in any case a weak gas of very high temperature. With this boiler configuration it is achieved that rapid mixing into the lean gas is achieved, so that it is possible to add a certain amount of air 27 to the lean gas without the nitrogen compounds increasing. The reason for this is that these nitrogen compounds have largely been broken down in the pre-combustion chamber 24, but that the state reached is higher than the thermodynamic equilibrium for the mixture of primary air (FIG. 2, item 26a) and secondary air 27 indicates.
  • the primary air 26 reaches the head of the pre-combustion chamber 24 from the air distributor and is distributed evenly over the circumference. In an annular gap 24b, the primary air 26 is led to the end of the pre-combustion chamber 24 on the boiler side and cools both the flame tube and the housing 24a. At the end of the boiler, the air 26 is deflected by 180 ° and then flows back through the flame tube 24c to the burner side.
  • the flame tube 24c itself consists of an outer cylinder in which profiles are welded along. A strong ribbing can be achieved by suitable choice of the profiles. This is especially necessary in the vicinity of the burner, where the highest heat loads occur.
  • the air 26 is heated to combustion air 26a as it flows through the flame tube 24c.
  • So-called double-cone burners 25a, 25b, 25c are used as burners.
  • the preheated fuel 12 is atomized with steam as the auxiliary medium in the head of the burners 25a, 25b, 25c.
  • the front of the combustion chamber in which the burners are installed is provided with a heat layer, not shown.
  • the nozzle at the end of the pre-combustion chamber 24 is water-cooled 35.
  • the water circuit is connected upstream or in parallel to the evaporator in the boiler 22.
  • the end of the pre-combustion chamber 24 is preferably characterized by a taper 36, so that any existing combustion openings in the evaporator of the boiler 22 do not have to be enlarged.
  • part of the primary air 26 is branched off and, after its flow has been accelerated as secondary air 27 in the form of individual jets, is introduced into the interior 24d of the pre-combustion chamber 24 via corresponding passage openings 34.
  • This admixture takes place in the area of the taper 36 of the pre-combustion chamber 24.
  • This admixture must be admixed as homogeneously and quickly as possible.
  • Supports 37 are provided in the area of the burners, which create the connection between housing 24a and flame tube 24c.
  • the burners 25a, 25b, 25c are distributed per preburning chamber on three levels arranged one above the other.
  • the system accordingly has 12 burners operated.
  • the configuration is particularly advantageous in the case of retrofit equipment, because the power of the power plant boiler 22 can be varied as required or adapted to the respective conditions without additional space requirements.
  • a larger number of burners can also be provided per pre-combustion chamber 24; the pre-combustion chamber 22 can also be operated only with one burner.
  • the air for primary air 26 and secondary air 27 can be provided together or separately (+ 1 degree of freedom).
  • the burner 25a-c according to FIG. 3 consists of two half hollow conical partial bodies 1, 2, which are radially offset from one another with respect to their longitudinal axis of symmetry.
  • the offset of the respective longitudinal axis of symmetry 1b, 2b to one another creates a tangential air inlet slot 19, 20 on both sides of the partial bodies 1, 2 in the opposite inflow arrangement (cf. FIGS. 4-6), through which the combustion air already mentioned in the previous figures 26a flows into the interior 14 of conical shape formed by the conical sub-bodies 1, 2.
  • the conical shape of the partial bodies 1, 2 shown in the flow direction has a certain fixed angle.
  • the partial bodies 1, 2 can have a progressive or degressive taper in the direction of flow. The latter two forms are not drawn recorded, since they are easily sensitive.
  • the two conical partial bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical starting part 1a, 2a, which, analogous to the partial bodies 1, 2, are offset from one another, so that the tangential air inlet slots are present throughout the entire length of the burner 25a-c.
  • These initial parts can also take on a different geometric shape, and sometimes they can also be omitted entirely.
  • this cylindrical starting part 1a, 2a there is a nozzle 3, through which a fuel 12, preferably oil or fuel mixture, is injected into the interior 14 of the burner 25a-c.
  • This fuel injection 4 coincides approximately with the narrowest cross section of the interior 14.
  • a further fuel supply 13, here preferably gas, is supplied via a line 8, 9 integrated into each of the partial bodies 1, 2, and is mixed with the combustion air 26a via a number of nozzles 17.
  • the mixing takes place in the region of the entry into the interior 14 instead, in order to achieve an optimal speed-related admixture 16.
  • Mixed operation with both fuels 12, 13 via the respective injection is of course possible.
  • the outlet opening of the burner 25a-c merges into a front wall 10, in which a number of bores 10a are provided, in order to inject a certain amount of dilution air or cooling air into the interior space 24d of the pre-combustion chamber 24 if required.
  • the liquid fuel 12 brought in through the nozzle 3 is injected into the interior 14 at an acute angle in such a way that the most conical spray pattern possible on the length of the burner 25a-c up to the burner outlet plane, which is only possible if the inner walls the partial body 1, 2 are not wetted by the fuel injector 4, which can be, for example, an air-assisted nozzle or pressure atomization.
  • the concentration of the injected liquid fuel or mixture 12 is continuously increased by the combustion air 26a flowing through the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 into the interior 14 of the burner 25a-c, which may also be a fuel / air mixture, and possibly below With the help of the other combustion air flow 15, continuously reduced.
  • the optimal homogeneous fuel concentration over the cross-section is achieved in the area of the vortexing, ie in the area of the backflow zone 6.
  • the ignition takes place at the top of the return flow zone 6. Only at this point can a stable flame front 7 arise.
  • the combustion air 26a, 15 is preheated, an accelerated, holistic evaporation of the fuel occurs before the point at the outlet of the burner 25a-c is reached at which the ignition of the mixture takes place.
  • the treatment of the combustion air streams 26a, 15 can be expanded by adding recirculated exhaust gas.
  • the guide plates 21a, 21b have a flow introduction function, whereby, depending on their length, they extend the respective end of the conical partial bodies 1, 2 in the direction of flow of the combustion air 26a.
  • the channeling of the combustion air 26a into the interior 14 of the burner 25a-c can be optimized by opening or closing the baffles 21a, 21b around a pivot point 23 placed in the area of the entry into the interior 14, in particular this is necessary if the original gap size the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 is changed.
  • the burner 25a-c can also be operated without baffles 21a, 21b, or other aids can be provided for this.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP92117799A 1991-11-21 1992-10-19 Procédé pour une combustion peu polluante dans une chaudère de centrale électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0543155B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3410/91A CH684959A5 (de) 1991-11-21 1991-11-21 Verfahren für eine schadstoffarme Verbrennung in einem Kraftwerkskessel.
CH3410/91 1991-11-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0543155A1 true EP0543155A1 (fr) 1993-05-26
EP0543155B1 EP0543155B1 (fr) 1997-04-16

Family

ID=4255386

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92117799A Expired - Lifetime EP0543155B1 (fr) 1991-11-21 1992-10-19 Procédé pour une combustion peu polluante dans une chaudère de centrale électrique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5303678A (fr)
EP (1) EP0543155B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05231611A (fr)
AT (1) ATE151854T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2081443A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH684959A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59208353D1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2062944C1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996030698A1 (fr) * 1995-03-24 1996-10-03 Abb Carbon Ab Procede concernant une centrale electrique clfp et dispositif de combustion additionnel de cette centrale

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014501378A (ja) 2010-12-23 2014-01-20 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド ボイラからのエミッションを低減するためのシステムおよび方法
DE102011054718B4 (de) * 2011-10-21 2014-02-13 Hitachi Power Europe Gmbh Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Spannungsverminderung in errichteten Rohrwänden eines Dampferzeugers

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2534841A1 (de) * 1974-12-11 1976-06-24 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Feuerungsverfahren und feuerungsanlage
GB2082314A (en) * 1980-08-14 1982-03-03 Rockwell International Corp Combustion method and apparatus
EP0073265A1 (fr) * 1981-08-31 1983-03-09 Phillips Petroleum Company Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible
EP0436113A1 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1991-07-10 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'une installation de combustion

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4044683A (en) * 1959-08-20 1977-08-30 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Heat generator
US4023923A (en) * 1975-03-18 1977-05-17 Kramer Jr Frederick A Burner for heating an airstream
JPH07117202B2 (ja) * 1987-01-14 1995-12-18 三菱重工業株式会社 予燃焼室付ボイラの燃焼方法および燃焼装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2534841A1 (de) * 1974-12-11 1976-06-24 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Feuerungsverfahren und feuerungsanlage
GB2082314A (en) * 1980-08-14 1982-03-03 Rockwell International Corp Combustion method and apparatus
EP0073265A1 (fr) * 1981-08-31 1983-03-09 Phillips Petroleum Company Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible
EP0436113A1 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1991-07-10 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'une installation de combustion

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 445 (M-767)(3292) 22. November 1988 & JP-A-63 176 907 ( MITSUBISHI ) 21. Juli 1988 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996030698A1 (fr) * 1995-03-24 1996-10-03 Abb Carbon Ab Procede concernant une centrale electrique clfp et dispositif de combustion additionnel de cette centrale

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH05231611A (ja) 1993-09-07
US5303678A (en) 1994-04-19
DE59208353D1 (de) 1997-05-22
RU2062944C1 (ru) 1996-06-27
CH684959A5 (de) 1995-02-15
EP0543155B1 (fr) 1997-04-16
CA2081443A1 (fr) 1993-05-22
ATE151854T1 (de) 1997-05-15

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