EP0540624B1 - Sound and vibration damping device based on tyres - Google Patents
Sound and vibration damping device based on tyres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0540624B1 EP0540624B1 EP91913886A EP91913886A EP0540624B1 EP 0540624 B1 EP0540624 B1 EP 0540624B1 EP 91913886 A EP91913886 A EP 91913886A EP 91913886 A EP91913886 A EP 91913886A EP 0540624 B1 EP0540624 B1 EP 0540624B1
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- tires
- sound
- vibration
- damping device
- openings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
- E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
- E01F8/0047—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement with open cavities, e.g. for covering sunken roads
- E01F8/0064—Perforated plate or mesh, e.g. as wall facing
- E01F8/007—Perforated plate or mesh, e.g. as wall facing with damping material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sound and vibration damping device using absorbent elements arranged in at least one non-combustible box, so as to delimit elementary deaf chambers, said box comprising a so-called "front" wall provided with openings intended to be in look from a source of noise.
- a device of this type is known from FR 2 612 217.
- the absorbent elements consist of a fibrous mat and the boxes are prefabricated boxes made of concrete reinforced with glass fibers or made of resin concrete.
- the present invention aims to provide a sound and vibration damping device of the aforementioned type overcoming the drawbacks set out above, while improving the acoustic damping capacities.
- the present invention relates to a sound and vibration damping device which is characterized in that said elements are unitary structures made up of tires, parts of tires or equivalent elements in terms of shape and absorbent nature of the material, in that said unitary structures are clamped against one another and / or one on the other between walls of said box and in that the shape of said unitary structures is adapted according to their orientation in said box, create a focusing or diverging effect of the acoustic waves.
- the aesthetic appearance is fixed by the box walls which can be decorated or arranged at will according to aesthetic wishes.
- the elementary deaf rooms constituted by the unitary structures, cause an effect of trapping acoustic waves by the shape of said structures.
- the holes or gills can advantageously be replaced or supplemented by flaps made up of articulated or fixed blades replacing, or completing, said front wall provided with openings.
- the evacuation of rainwater or washing of the half-tires is done by gravity.
- One of the particularities of an assembly thus constituted is to provide a damper function for mechanical vibrations and to attenuate the noise level generated by the passage of vehicles, cars, trucks, trains, etc., but also for environmental protection near noisy areas (factories).
- the side walls 3, the cover 4 and the bottom 5 of the box C1 can be separated from any other non-combustible or non-metallic parts, ensuring the rigidity of the assembly, by flexible joints.
- the front panel 6, on the noise source side is perforated with holes 7, shutters or gills of suitable shapes, to promote the penetration of sound waves inside the device. It can also be made of expanded metal.
- the panels and walls constituting the fire box can be flat, wavy, ribbed or of suitable shapes to increase the rigidity of the assembly.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are views similar to the previous ones, but this time the box C2 has a rear panel 2 'joined to the side walls 3' by oblique intermediate walls 16, so that the box C2 has, in cross section, a trapezoidal part.
- Axial or inclined flaps 8 and separation plates 9 of absorbent material have been judiciously arranged, the first 8 on the front face of the box C2, the second 9 between the half-tires 1, so that the reflected waves, focused by the form tires, meet absorption surfaces as large as possible.
- the panel where the flaps 8 are fixed can replace or supplement the perforated panel 6 of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the flaps 8 and the plates 9 can be replaced by an absorbent cellular structure, or any equivalent.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 represent half-tires 1, drilled or not, porous or not, according to another mode of installation, put in place in the fire protection boxes C1 with their tread 19 on the front face side of the box, and their open section 20 on the rear panel side, to create a diverging reflection of the acoustic waves.
- Half tires porous or pierced with orifices 10 make it possible to channel, inside the tire, part of the sounds, the other part being reflected with diverging effect.
- Figures 7 and 8 show an installation mode corresponding substantially to a redoubling of that of Figures 1 and 2: two columns of half-tires 1 'and 1' 'are juxtaposed and separated by a porous or absorbent wall 11, maintained on the side walls 3 '' of the fire protection box C3, the half-tires 1 'being preferably porous or drilled, so that the acoustic waves coming into contact with them are trapped in the deaf chamber 13, by transmission or reflection, the unabsorbed part of the waves being reflected with focusing effect.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show a method of installation corresponding substantially to a repetition of that of FIGS. 5 and 6, repetition similar to that of FIGS. 7 and 8.
- Figures 11 and 12 represent a hybrid installation mode between that of Figures 9 and 10 and that of Figures 11 and 12: instead of being oriented in the same way, the half-tires 1 'and 1' 'are oriented in the opposite direction.
- Figures 13 and 14 show the assembly of whole tires 18 in a vertical stack between the rear 2 and front panels 6.
- the tires 18 are in contact with each other by their tread 19 and one of their lateral face 21 is in look at the noise source.
- the central parts of the tires can receive absorbent, planar, concave 15 or convex 15 'flanges, or of any other shape favoring the penetration of sounds towards the interior of the tires, with divergence or focusing effect given by the shape of the flanges.
- a porous or absorbent wall 17 being placed against the rear panel 2 in order to ensure the transmission and absorption effect between the tires.
- Figure 15 shows a similar installation mode to the previous one, but with two columns of whole tires 18 'and 18''juxtaposed, the flanges 15 being preferably drilled in order to allow the passage of sounds up to the absorbent wall 11, the volume behind this wall which contains the second column of 18 '' tires, playing the effect of a 13 'deaf chamber.
- the fire-resistant cabinets or boxes, thus formed, juxtaposed with each other, constitute an anti-noise wall which can be built vertically or inclined.
- One of the methods of installing noise barriers, at the edge of roads, motorways and railways may consist, for example, of fixing juxtaposed fire-resistant boxes, integral with one another, on a flat or profiled cross member, placed at least 2/3 of the height, laterally, on the rear panel 2, of the caissons, and fixed to posts anchored in the ground, this cross-member being able to be reinforced by a strut.
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'amortissement phonique et vibratoire utilisant des éléments absorbants disposés dans au moins un caisson incombustible, de manière à délimiter des chambres sourdes élémentaires, ledit caisson comportant une paroi dite "frontale" munie d'ouvertures destinées à être en regard d'une source de bruit.The present invention relates to a sound and vibration damping device using absorbent elements arranged in at least one non-combustible box, so as to delimit elementary deaf chambers, said box comprising a so-called "front" wall provided with openings intended to be in look from a source of noise.
Un dispositif de ce type est connu d'après FR 2 612 217. Dans le dispositif connu, les éléments absorbants sont constitués par un matelas fibreux et les caissons sont des caissons préfabriqués en béton renforcé par des fibres de verre ou en béton de résine.A device of this type is known from
La présente invention a pour but de réaliser un dispositif d'amortisseur phonique et vibratoire qui utilise, non pas des matelas fibreux fabriqués spécialement à cet effet, mais des produits de récupération, à savoir des pneus usagés.The present invention aims to achieve a sound and vibration damper device which uses, not fibrous mattresses specially made for this purpose, but recovery products, namely used tires.
Actuellement, les pneus usagés et stockés sont détruits par combustion active (feu), ou par combustion lente (acide) entraînant une pollution atmosphérique ou terrestre intense nécessitant, dans certains cas, l'évacuation des populations dans un rayon plus ou moins important du lieu de destruction. Le dépôt des pneus usagés dans les décharges est en cours d'interdiction.Currently, used and stored tires are destroyed by active combustion (fire), or by slow combustion (acid) resulting in intense atmospheric or terrestrial pollution requiring, in some cases, the evacuation of populations within a more or less important radius of the place. of destruction. The deposit of used tires in landfills is being prohibited.
Les tentatives d'utilisation de pneus usagés, pour la construction de murs antibruit, consistent essentiellement à les empiler les uns sur les autres, ou à les juxtaposer les uns aux autres, pour en faire des colonnes placées horizontalement ou verticalement, et jointes les unes aux autres, sans serrage (voir par exemple DE-U-77 34600).Attempts to use used tires, for the construction of noise barriers, essentially consist of stacking them on top of each other, or of juxtaposing them together, to make them columns placed horizontally or vertically, and joined together to others, without tightening (see for example DE-U-77 34600).
Les conceptions actuelles de murs antibruit à base de pneus usagés présentent deux inconvénients majeurs.Current noise barrier designs based on used tires have two major drawbacks.
D'une part, l'effet d'amortissement phonique est assez limité dans la mesure où ces murs ne permettent pas d'assurer une étanchéité acoustique, notamment du fait qu'ils laissent subsister, entre les pneus, des espaces libres constituant des chemins acoustiques.On the one hand, the sound damping effect is quite limited insofar as these walls do not make it possible to ensure an acoustic seal, in particular because that they leave free spaces between the tires constituting acoustic paths.
D'autre part, en cas de combustion accidentelle ou volontaire déclenchée par exemple par un accident à un endroit du mur de pneus, cette combustion se propage de manière incontrôlable à l'ensemble du mur, représentant un danger considérable pour l'environnement et les populations.On the other hand, in the event of accidental or deliberate combustion triggered, for example, by an accident at a location on the tire wall, this combustion spreads uncontrollably over the entire wall, representing a considerable danger for the environment and populations.
En outre, de tels murs ont un aspect inesthétique entraînant un effet dissuasif pour leur installation.In addition, such walls have an unsightly appearance resulting in a deterrent effect for their installation.
La présente invention vise à proposer un dispositif d'amortissement phonique et vibratoire du type précité palliant les inconvénients exposés ci-dessus, tout en améliorant les capacités d'amortissement acoustique.The present invention aims to provide a sound and vibration damping device of the aforementioned type overcoming the drawbacks set out above, while improving the acoustic damping capacities.
Selon sa caractéristique principale, la présente invention concerne un dispositif d'amortissement phonique et vibratoire qui est caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments sont des structures unitaires constituées de pneus, de parties de pneus ou d'éléments équivalents sur le plan de la forme et du caractère absorbant du matériau, en ce que lesdites structures unitaires sont serrées les unes contre les autres et/ou les unes sur les autres entre des parois dudit caisson et en ce que la forme desdites structures unitaires est adaptée selon leur orientation dans ledit caisson, à créer un effet de focalisation ou de divergence des ondes acoustiques.According to its main characteristic, the present invention relates to a sound and vibration damping device which is characterized in that said elements are unitary structures made up of tires, parts of tires or equivalent elements in terms of shape and absorbent nature of the material, in that said unitary structures are clamped against one another and / or one on the other between walls of said box and in that the shape of said unitary structures is adapted according to their orientation in said box, create a focusing or diverging effect of the acoustic waves.
Au moyen d'un tel dispositif, on parvient tout d'abord à éliminer tous les risques de propagation d'une combustion à l'ensemble d'un mur antibruit. En effet, un tel mur selon l'invention étant constitué, comme on le verra par la suite, d'une succession de caissons en disposition verticale et/ou horizontale, un début de combustion des structures unitaires dans un caisson sera contenu dans ce caisson sans possibilité de se propager aux caissons voisins.By means of such a device, we first succeed in eliminating all the risks of propagation of combustion to the whole of a noise barrier. Indeed, such a wall according to the invention being constituted, as will be seen hereinafter, of a succession of boxes in vertical and / or horizontal arrangement, a start of combustion of the unitary structures in a box will be contained in this box without the possibility of spreading to neighboring caissons.
De plus, les structures n'étant pas visibles de l'extérieur, l'aspect esthétique est fixé par les parois de caisson qui peuvent être décorées ou aménagées à volonté en fonction des souhaits esthétiques.In addition, the structures not being visible from the outside, the aesthetic appearance is fixed by the box walls which can be decorated or arranged at will according to aesthetic wishes.
En outre, le fait de prévoir une disposition des structures unitaires de manière à constituer des chambres sourdes élémentaires permet d'assurer une meilleure étanchéité acoustique par rapport aux dispositifs existants. Cette étanchéité acoustique est encore accrue par la coopération des structures unitaires avec les parois du caisson.In addition, the fact of providing a provision of unitary structures so as to constitute elementary deaf chambers makes it possible to ensure better acoustic sealing compared to existing devices. This acoustic seal is further increased by the cooperation of the unitary structures with the walls of the box.
Le serrage des structures unitaires les unes contre les autres, ou les unes sur les autres, supprime, avec les parois du caisson, les chemins acoustiques qui, dans les réalisations classiques, traversent le dispositif.The tightening of the unitary structures one against the other, or one on the other, eliminates, with the walls of the box, the acoustic paths which, in conventional embodiments, pass through the device.
Les chambres sourdes élémentaires, constituées par les structures unitaires, provoquent un effet de piègeage des ondes acoustiques de par la forme desdites structures.The elementary deaf rooms, constituted by the unitary structures, cause an effect of trapping acoustic waves by the shape of said structures.
Dans la suite de la description et dans les revendications, pour ne pas alourdir inutilement la rédaction, les expressions "pneus" et "demi-pneus" désigneront aussi bien de réels pneus et demi-pneus que des structures unitaires équivalentes sur le plan de la forme et du matériau.In the following description and in the claims, in order not to make the wording unnecessarily burdensome, the expressions "tires" and "half-tires" will designate both real tires and half-tires as well as unitary structures equivalent in terms of shape and material.
Selon des modes de réalisation particulièrement avantageux du dispositif selon l'invention :
- lesdites parties de pneus sont constituées de demi-pneus obtenus par une découpe diamétrale de pneus,
- lesdits demi-pneus sont disposés de sorte à présenter leur section ouverte en regard de ladite paroi frontale munie d'ouvertures de manière à créer un effet de focalisation des ondes acoustiques,
- inversement, lesdits demi-pneus sont disposés de sorte à présenter leur bande de roulement en regard de ladite paroi frontale munie d'ouvertures de manière à créer un effet de divergence des ondes acoustiques.
- said parts of tires consist of half-tires obtained by a diametrical cutting of tires,
- said half-tires are arranged so as to have their open section opposite said front wall provided with openings so as to create a focusing effect of the acoustic waves,
- conversely, said half-tires are arranged so as to present their tread opposite said front wall provided with openings so as to create a diverging effect of the acoustic waves.
Dans ce dernier cas, lesdits demi-pneus présentent des perforations sur leur bande de roulement en regard de la source de bruit.In the latter case, said half-tires have perforations on their tread opposite the noise source.
Selon une autre forme de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention pour l'emploi de pneus entiers :
- lesdits pneus sont disposés en contact les uns des autres par leur bande de roulement, une de leurs faces latérales étant en regard de la source de bruit ; le dispositif comporte alors avantageusement des flasques absorbants perforés placés dans les trous de jante desdits pneus de sorte à favoriser la pénétration et le piègeage des sons à l'intérieur des pneus qui constituent les chambres sourdes élémentaires, lesdits flasques provoquant, selon leur forme, un effet de divergence ou un effet de focalisation des ondes acoustiques.
- said tires are arranged in contact with each other by their tread, one of their lateral faces being opposite the source of noise; the device then advantageously comprises perforated absorbent flanges placed in the rim holes of said tires so as to promote the penetration and the trapping of sounds inside the tires which constitute the elementary deaf chambers, said flanges causing, according to their shape, a divergence effect or a focusing effect of the acoustic waves.
Avantageusement, ladite paroi frontale munie d'ouvertures est constituée d'une plaque perforée de trous.Advantageously, said front wall provided with openings consists of a plate perforated with holes.
On peut prévoir également, afin d'organiser la pénétration des ondes acoustiques, de ménager des ouïes remplaçant au moins partiellement lesdits trous.It is also possible, in order to organize the penetration of the acoustic waves, to provide replacement gills at least partially said holes.
Les trous ou ouïes peuvent avantageusement être remplacés ou complétés par des volets constitués de lames articulées ou fixes se substituant à, ou complétant, ladite paroi frontale munie d'ouvertures.The holes or gills can advantageously be replaced or supplemented by flaps made up of articulated or fixed blades replacing, or completing, said front wall provided with openings.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses du dispositif selon l'invention :
- ledit caisson est constitué de deux faces latérales, d'un fond, d'un panneau arrière ou extérieur, d'un couvercle et de ladite paroi frontale présentant des ouvertures, cette dernière étant placée en regard de la source de bruit ;
- le dispositif comporte une première série de pneus ou parties de pneus en contact avec ladite paroi frontale munie d'ouvertures et une seconde série de pneus ou parties de pneus, les deux séries de pneus ou parties de pneus étant séparées par une paroi, de préférence absorbante, qui définit, entre elle-même et le panneau arrière, une chambre sourde ;
- lesdits demi-pneus sont empilés les uns sur les autres en contact par leurs faces latérales ;
- ledit dispositif comporte des plaques de séparation entre deux demi-pneus voisins ;
- lesdites plaques de séparation sont à structure alvéolaire absorbante ;
- ladite paroi frontale munie d'ouvertures est à structure alvéolaire absorbante ;
- les éléments constitutifs dudit caisson sont profilés pour en accroître la rigidité ;
- les parois et panneaux dudit caisson et/ou l'intérieur des pneus ou parties de pneus sont revêtus d'un matériau absorbant.
- said box consists of two lateral faces, a bottom, a rear or external panel, a cover and said front wall having openings, the latter being placed opposite the noise source;
- the device comprises a first series of tires or parts of tires in contact with said front wall provided with openings and a second series of tires or parts of tires, the two series of tires or parts of tires being separated by a wall, preferably absorbent, which defines, between itself and the rear panel, a deaf chamber;
- said half-tires are stacked on top of each other in contact by their lateral faces;
- said device comprises separation plates between two neighboring half-tires;
- said separation plates are of absorbent cellular structure;
- said front wall provided with openings is of absorbent cellular structure;
- the components of said box are profiled to increase its rigidity;
- the walls and panels of said box and / or the interior of the tires or parts of tires are coated with an absorbent material.
Selon l'invention donc, les pneus ou parties de pneus, usagés ou non, percés ou non, poreux ou non, sont serrés et entassés les uns sur les autres, ou juxtaposés les uns contre les autres, à l'intérieur d'une armoire ou caisson métallique ou en tout autre matériau incombustible ou ignifugé, assurant par sa conception cellulaire, un coupe-feu efficace, dont l'un des côtés en regard de la source de bruits est percé d'orifices, chacun de ces pneus ou parties de pneus formant ainsi une chambre sourde élémentaire, et créant, selon leur disposition, des effets de focalisation, de divergence, de réfraction ou diffraction des ondes acoustiques réfléchies, incidentes.According to the invention therefore, the tires or parts of tires, used or not, drilled or not, porous or not, are clamped and piled up on each other, or juxtaposed against each other, inside a metal cabinet or box or any other noncombustible or fireproof material, ensuring by its cellular design, an effective fire stop, one of the sides facing the source of noise is pierced with orifices, each of these tires or parts of tires thus forming an elementary deaf chamber, and creating, according to their arrangement, effects of focusing, divergence, refraction or diffraction of the reflected, incident acoustic waves.
La présente invention permet donc de réaliser des murs antibruit à base de pneus qui répondent parfaitement à des objectifs de sécurité contre la propagation d'une combustion des pneus et qui constituent une excellente étanchéité acoustique, le choix de la forme de réalisation adoptée pouvant être fixée par le niveau sonore du site à isoler.The present invention therefore makes it possible to produce noise-reduction walls based on tires which perfectly meet safety objectives against the spread of tire combustion and which constitute an excellent acoustic seal, the choice of the adopted embodiment being able to be fixed. by the noise level of the site to be isolated.
Des essais ont montré que le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'obtenir un facteur local d'absorption moyen de 0,8 pour des fréquences comprises entre 100 et 700 Hz qui constituent des fréquences usuelles sur les routes, auto-routes et voies ferrées, alors que le facteur local d'absorption moyen pour les mêmes fréquences avec un matériau dit "très absorbant" est de l'ordre de 0,4.Tests have shown that the device according to the invention makes it possible to obtain an average local absorption factor of 0.8 for frequencies between 100 and 700 Hz which constitute the usual frequencies on roads, motorways and railways. , while the local average absorption factor for the same frequencies with a so-called "very absorbent" material is of the order of 0.4.
On décrira maintenant plus en détail des formes de réalisation particulières de l'invention qui en feront mieux comprendre les caractéristiques et les avantages, étant entendu que ces formes de réalisation sont choisies à titre d'exemples et qu'elles ne sont pas limitatives.We will now describe in more detail particular embodiments of the invention which will make it better understand the characteristics and the advantages, it being understood that these embodiments are chosen by way of examples and that they are not limiting.
Leur description est illustrée par les dessins annexés, dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue de face d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention, la paroi frontale munie d'ouvertures étant partiellement omise ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 montre une variante de réalisation du dispositif représenté à la figure 1 ;
- la figure 4 est une coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 3 .
- la figure 5 est une vue de face d'un deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, avec omission de la paroi frontale ;
- la figure 6 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne VI-VI de la figure 5 ;
- les figures 7
et 8 représentent respectivement de face et en coupe, selon la ligne VIII-VIII de la figure 7, un troisième mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention ; - les figures 9 et 11 montrent en vue de face, paroi frontale omise, des variantes de réalisation du dispositif représenté à la figure 7 et les figures 10 et 12 sont des coupes prises respectivement selon les lignes X-X et XII-XII des figures 9 et 11 ;
- les figures 13 et 14 représentent respectivement en coupe et en vue de face, avec omission de la paroi frontale, un quatrième mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention utilisant des pneus entiers ; et
- la figure 15 montre en coupe une variante de réalisation du dispositif représenté aux figures 13 et 14.
- Figure 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention, the front wall provided with openings being partially omitted;
- Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the device shown in Figure 1;
- FIG. 4 is a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3.
- Figure 5 is a front view of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, with omission of the front wall;
- Figure 6 is a sectional view along line VI-VI of Figure 5;
- Figures 7 and 8 show respectively from the front and in section, along the line VIII-VIII of Figure 7, a third embodiment of the device according to the invention;
- Figures 9 and 11 show in front view, front wall omitted, alternative embodiments of the device shown in Figure 7 and Figures 10 and 12 are sections taken respectively along lines XX and XII-XII of Figures 9 and 11 ;
- Figures 13 and 14 show respectively in section and in front view, with omission of the front wall, a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention using whole tires; and
- FIG. 15 shows in section an alternative embodiment of the device shown in FIGS. 13 and 14.
Dans les figures, les mêmes références sont utilisées pour désigner les mêmes pièces. Les mêmes références, mais complétées du signe "prime" ou "seconde", désignent des pièces similaires.In the figures, the same references are used to designate the same parts. The same references, but supplemented by the sign "prime" or "second", designate similar parts.
Les figures 1 et 2 représentent un caisson C1 dans lequel des demi-pneus 1 ou des parties de pneus sont serrés et empilés les uns sur les autres pour assurer une étanchéité parfaite avec le panneau arrière 2, non percé, et les parois latérales 3 du caisson C1. La bande de roulement 19 des demi-pneus 1 est tournée vers le panneau arrière 2 et les demi-pneus sont en contact les uns avec les autres par leurs faces latérales 21. Le panneau arrière 2 et les parois latérales 3 peuvent être, comme l'intérieur des pneus, tapissés d'un matériau absorbant, chaque partie de pneu constituant une chambre sourde élémentaire. Le serrage des parties de pneus les unes contre les autres, ou les unes sur les autres, constitue un volume antibruit où la réflexion des ondes acoustiques est focalisée par la forme du pneu, chaque pneu créant un effet de focalisation indépendant ou laminaire.Figures 1 and 2 show a box C1 in which half-
L'évacuation des eaux de pluie ou de lavage des demi-pneus se fait par gravité.The evacuation of rainwater or washing of the half-tires is done by gravity.
L'une des particularités d'un ensemble ainsi constitué est d'assurer une fonction d'amortisseur aux vibrations mécaniques et d'atténuer le niveau sonore engendré par le passage des véhicules, voitures, camions, trains, etc..., mais aussi pour la protection de l'environnement à proximité de zone bruyante (usines).One of the particularities of an assembly thus constituted is to provide a damper function for mechanical vibrations and to attenuate the noise level generated by the passage of vehicles, cars, trucks, trains, etc., but also for environmental protection near noisy areas (factories).
Il est évident que les parois latérales 3, le couvercle 4 et le fond 5 du caisson C1 peuvent être désolidarisés de toutes autres pièces métalliques ou non, incombustibles, assurant la rigidité de l'ensemble, par des joints souples. Le panneau frontal 6, côté source de bruit, est perforé de trous 7, volets ou ouïes de formes adéquates, pour favoriser la pénétration des ondes sonores à l'intérieur du dispositif. Il peut également être en métal déployé. Les panneaux et parois constituant le caisson coupe-feu peuvent être plats, ondulés, nervurés ou de formes appropriées pour accroître la rigidité de l'ensemble.It is obvious that the
Les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues analogues aux précédentes mais, cette fois, le caisson C2 présente un panneau arrière 2' réunis aux parois latérales 3' par des parois intermédiaires obliques 16, de sorte que le caisson C2 a, en coupe transversale, une partie trapézoïdale. Des volets axiaux ou inclinés 8 et des plaques de séparation 9 en matériau absorbant ont été judicieusement disposés, les premiers 8 sur la face frontale du caisson C2, les secondes 9 entre les demi-pneus 1, afin que les ondes réfléchies, focalisées par la forme des pneus, rencontrent des surfaces d'absorption aussi grandes que possible. Il est évident que le panneau où sont fixés les volets 8 peut remplacer ou compléter le panneau perforé 6 des figures 1 et 2. Les volets 8 et les plaques 9 peuvent être remplacés par une structure alvéolaire absorbante, ou tout équivalent.FIGS. 3 and 4 are views similar to the previous ones, but this time the box C2 has a rear panel 2 'joined to the side walls 3' by oblique
Les figures 5 et 6 représentent des demi-pneus 1 percés ou non, poreux ou non, selon un autre mode d'installation, mis en place dans les caissons coupe-feu C1 avec leur bande de roulement 19 côté face frontale du caisson, et leur section ouverte 20 côté panneau arrière, pour créer une réflexion divergente des ondes acoustiques. Les demi-pneus poreux ou percés d'orifices 10 permettent de canaliser, à l'intérieur du pneu, une partie des sons, l'autre partie étant réfléchie avec effet de divergence.FIGS. 5 and 6 represent half-
Les figures 7 et 8 représentent un mode d'installation correspondant sensiblement à un redoublement de celui des figures 1 et 2 : deux colonnes de demi-pneus 1' et 1'' sont juxtaposées et séparées par une paroi 11 poreuse ou absorbante, maintenue sur les parois latérales 3'' du caisson coupe-feu C3, les demi-pneus 1' étant de préférence poreux ou percés, afin que les ondes acoustiques venant en contact avec eux soient piégées dans la chambre sourde 13, par transmission ou réflexion, la partie non absorbée des ondes étant réfléchie avec effet de focalisation.Figures 7 and 8 show an installation mode corresponding substantially to a redoubling of that of Figures 1 and 2: two columns of half-tires 1 'and 1' 'are juxtaposed and separated by a porous or
Les figures 9 et 10 présentent un mode d'installation correspondant sensiblement à un redoublement de celui des figures 5 et 6, redoublement analogue à celui des figures 7 et 8.FIGS. 9 and 10 show a method of installation corresponding substantially to a repetition of that of FIGS. 5 and 6, repetition similar to that of FIGS. 7 and 8.
Les figures 11 et 12 représentent un mode d'installation hybride entre celui des figures 9 et 10 et celui des figures 11 et 12 : au lieu d'être orientés de la même façon, les demi-pneus 1' et 1'' sont orientés en sens contraire.Figures 11 and 12 represent a hybrid installation mode between that of Figures 9 and 10 and that of Figures 11 and 12: instead of being oriented in the same way, the half-tires 1 'and 1' 'are oriented in the opposite direction.
Les figures 13 et 14 présentent le montage de pneus entiers 18 en pile verticale entre les panneaux arrière 2 et frontal 6. Les pneus 18 sont en contact les uns avec les autres par leur bande de roulement 19 et une de leur face latérale 21 est en regard de la source de bruit. Les parties centrales des pneus peuvent recevoir des flasques absorbants, plans, concaves 15 ou convexes 15', ou de toutes autres formes favorisant la pénétration des sons vers l'intérieur des pneus, avec effet de divergence ou de focalisation donné par la forme des flasques, une paroi poreuse ou absorbante 17 étant placée contre le panneau arrière 2 afin d'assurer l'effet de transmission et d'absorption entre les pneus.Figures 13 and 14 show the assembly of
L'évacuation des eaux de pluie ou de lavage est assurée par les orifices 12 pratiqués dans les bandes de roulement.The evacuation of rainwater or washing water is provided by the
La figure 15 présente un mode d'installation analogue au précédent, mais avec deux colonnes de pneus entiers 18' et 18'' juxtaposées, les flasques 15 étant de préférence percés afin de permettre le passage des sons jusqu'à la paroi absorbante 11, le volume derrière cette paroi qui renferme la deuxième colonne de pneus 18'', jouant l'effet de chambre sourde 13'.Figure 15 shows a similar installation mode to the previous one, but with two columns of whole tires 18 'and 18''juxtaposed, the
Il est évident que les possibilités de superpositions ou de juxtapositions des pneus ou parties de pneus, ou de toute autre structure unitaire absorbante de forme semblable, à l'intérieur d'une armoire ou d'un caisson coupe-feu, comme élément de chambre sourde, avec effet de focalisation ou de divergence des ondes acoustiques, ne sont pas limitées à celles décrites ci-dessus et que les autres dispositions faisant appel aux mêmes éléments qui n'en seraient que la suite ou la conséquence rentrent dans le cadre du présent brevet.It is obvious that the possibilities of superimposing or juxtaposing the tires or parts of tires, or any other absorbent unitary structure of similar shape, inside a cabinet or a fire-resistant box, as a chamber element deaf, with effect of focusing or divergence of the acoustic waves, are not limited to those described above and that the other provisions calling upon the same elements which would be only the continuation or the consequence fall within the framework of the present patent.
Les armoires ou caissons coupe-feu, ainsi constitués, juxtaposés les uns aux autres, constituent un mur antibruit qui peut être construit verticalement ou incliné.The fire-resistant cabinets or boxes, thus formed, juxtaposed with each other, constitute an anti-noise wall which can be built vertically or inclined.
Un des modes d'installation des murs antibruit, en bordure des routes, autoroutes et voies ferrées, peut consister, par exemple, en la fixation des caissons coupe-feu juxtaposés, solidaires les uns des autres, sur une traverse plate ou profilée, placée au minimum aux 2/3 de la hauteur, latéralement, sur le panneau arrière 2, des caissons, et fixée à des poteaux ancrés dans le sol, cette traverse pouvant être renforcée par une jambe de force.One of the methods of installing noise barriers, at the edge of roads, motorways and railways, may consist, for example, of fixing juxtaposed fire-resistant boxes, integral with one another, on a flat or profiled cross member, placed at least 2/3 of the height, laterally, on the
Claims (17)
- Sound- and vibration-damping device using absorbant elements disposed in at least one incombustible casing (C1-C3), so as to delimit elementary anechoic chambers (13, 13'), said casing including a so-called "front" wall element (6) provided with openings (7) intended to face a noise source, characterized in that said elements are unitary structures (1, 1', 1''; 18, 18', 18'') consisting of tires, parts of tires or of elements equivalent in terms of the shape and absorbant nature of the material, in that said unitary structures (1, 1', 1''; 18, 18', 18'') are held tightly against one another and/or one on top of another between wall elements (2-6; 2', 3', 16, 4-6) of said casing (C1-C3) and in that the shape of said unitary structures is adapted, depending on their orientation in said casing, in order to create an acoustic-wave focusing or diverging effect.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to Claim 1, characterized in that said unitary structures (1, 1', 1'') consist of half-tires obtained by cutting tires diametrally.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to Claim 2, characterized in that said half-tires (1, 1', 1'') are disposed so as to have their open section (20) facing said front wall element (6) provided with openings (7) so as to create an acoustic-wave focusing effect.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to Claim 2, characterized in that said half-tires (1, 1', 1'') are disposed so as to have their tread (19) facing said front wall element (6) provided with openings (7) so as to create an acoustic-wave diverging effect.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to Claim 4, characterized in that said half-tires (1) have perforations (10) on their tread (19).
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to Claim 1, characterized in that said unitary structures are whole tires (18, 18', 18'') disposed in contact with one another by their tread (19), one of their lateral faces (21) facing the noise source.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to Claim 6, characterized in that it includes perforated absorbant wheel-disks (15, 15') placed in the rim holes of said tires (18, 18') so as to promote the penetration and the trapping of the sounds inside the tires which constitute the elementary anechoic chambers, said wheel-disks (15, 15') causing, depending on their shape, an acoustic-wave diverging effect or an acoustic-wave focusing effect.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said front wall element (6) provided with openings includes shutters (8) consisting of articulated or fixed strips suitable for organizing the penetration of the acoustic waves.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said casing (C1-C3) consists of two lateral wall elements (3; 3', 16), a bottom (5), a rear panel (2, 2'), a cover (4) and said front wall element (6) having openings (7), the latter being placed facing the noise source.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it includes a first series of tires (18') or parts of tires (1') in contact with said front wall element (6) provided with openings and a second series of tires (18'') or parts of tires (1''), the two series of tires or parts of tires being separated by a wall element (11) which defines between itself and the rear panel (2) an anechoic chamber (13').
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to any one of Claims 2 to 5, 8, 9, characterized in that said half-tires (1, 1', 1'') are stacked one on top of another with their lateral faces (21) in contact.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to Claim 11, characterized in that it includes separation plates (9) between two adjacent half-tires (1).
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to Claim 12, characterized in that said separation plates (9) have an absorbant alveolate structure.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said front wall element (6) provided with openings has an absorbant alveolate structure.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to any one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the constituent elements (2-6; 2', 3', 16, 4-6) of said casing (C1-C3) are profiled in order to increase the rigidity thereof.
- Sound- and vibration-damping device according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the wall elements and panels (2-6; 2', 3', 16, 4-6) of said casing (C1-C3) and/or the interior of the tires (18, 18', 18'') or parts of tires (1, 1', 1'') are coated with an absorbant material (17).
- Noise-protection wall, characterized in that it is constituted by the vertical and/or horizontal juxtaposition of sound- and vibration-damping devices according to any one of Claims 1 to 16.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9009417A FR2665198B1 (en) | 1990-07-24 | 1990-07-24 | REUSE OF USED TIRES AS A HEARING CHAMBER FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOUND ABSORBING PANELS. |
FR9009417 | 1990-07-24 | ||
PCT/FR1991/000604 WO1992001837A1 (en) | 1990-07-24 | 1991-07-23 | Sound and vibration damping device based on tyres |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0540624A1 EP0540624A1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
EP0540624B1 true EP0540624B1 (en) | 1994-11-30 |
Family
ID=9399030
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91913886A Expired - Lifetime EP0540624B1 (en) | 1990-07-24 | 1991-07-23 | Sound and vibration damping device based on tyres |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5359819A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0540624B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH05508893A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE114758T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2087835A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69105509T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2066457T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2665198B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992001837A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1007239A3 (en) * | 1993-07-07 | 1995-05-02 | Jose Piot | Recycling used tyres |
US5575121A (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 1996-11-19 | Lajaunie; Philippe | Sound barrier wall construction using tire sections |
IT1287815B1 (en) * | 1996-07-09 | 1998-08-19 | Pescale Spa | MIXTURES TO DAMPEN VIBRATIONS AND SOUNDS SOLID IN THE GROUND AND IN BUILDINGS |
KR100414983B1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2004-01-16 | (주)종합건축사사무소그룹예성 | Assembly apparatus building frame |
FR2946670B1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2012-12-21 | Arts | ANTI-NOISE WALL ELEMENT COMPRISING TIRES |
US11560751B2 (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2023-01-24 | Catalyst Acoustics Group, Inc. | Sound damping door |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7734600U1 (en) * | 1978-04-13 | Stiehler, Christoph, 2000 Hamburg | Soundproof wall element with supports | |
US3951384A (en) * | 1975-03-20 | 1976-04-20 | Hildreth Jr Robert E | Impact absorbing device |
AT369461B (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1983-01-10 | Mayreder Kraus & Co Ing | SOUND ABSORBING WALL OR CEILING |
DE3308651A1 (en) * | 1983-03-11 | 1984-09-13 | Bauer, Gotthart, 7022 Leinfelden-Echterdingen | Network consisting of tyre-shaped bodies |
DE3665746D1 (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1989-10-26 | Marion Lederbauer | Noise-absorbing greenary-carrying structure |
FR2612217A1 (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1988-09-16 | Rousset Michel | Noise-reducing screens made of prefabricated elements |
-
1990
- 1990-07-24 FR FR9009417A patent/FR2665198B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-07-23 EP EP91913886A patent/EP0540624B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-23 CA CA002087835A patent/CA2087835A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-07-23 DE DE69105509T patent/DE69105509T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-23 WO PCT/FR1991/000604 patent/WO1992001837A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-07-23 JP JP91512794A patent/JPH05508893A/en active Pending
- 1991-07-23 ES ES91913886T patent/ES2066457T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-23 AT AT91913886T patent/ATE114758T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-23 US US07/960,366 patent/US5359819A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2665198A1 (en) | 1992-01-31 |
JPH05508893A (en) | 1993-12-09 |
ATE114758T1 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
ES2066457T3 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
US5359819A (en) | 1994-11-01 |
FR2665198B1 (en) | 1992-11-06 |
DE69105509T2 (en) | 1995-07-13 |
DE69105509D1 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
EP0540624A1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
CA2087835A1 (en) | 1992-01-25 |
WO1992001837A1 (en) | 1992-02-06 |
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