EP0537864A2 - Appareil à affichage couleur - Google Patents

Appareil à affichage couleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0537864A2
EP0537864A2 EP19920203321 EP92203321A EP0537864A2 EP 0537864 A2 EP0537864 A2 EP 0537864A2 EP 19920203321 EP19920203321 EP 19920203321 EP 92203321 A EP92203321 A EP 92203321A EP 0537864 A2 EP0537864 A2 EP 0537864A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
film
thin
layer
display apparatus
luminous layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19920203321
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0537864A3 (en
Inventor
Takashi Nire
Takehito c/o Int. Property Division Watanabe
Satoshi c/o Int. Property Division Tanda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Komatsu Ltd
Original Assignee
Komatsu Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Komatsu Ltd filed Critical Komatsu Ltd
Publication of EP0537864A2 publication Critical patent/EP0537864A2/fr
Publication of EP0537864A3 publication Critical patent/EP0537864A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
    • H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
    • H05B33/145—Arrangements of the electroluminescent material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
    • H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers

Definitions

  • a thin full-color display apparatus used in a conventional pocket-size television set includes shutter means 100 in the form of a matrix of liquid crystal cells 6, a light source 101 disposed behind the shutter means, and filter means 102 disposed before the shutter means and including a repeat of a red transparent filter R, a green transparent filter G and a blue transparent filter B arranged in order in correspondence to the liquid crystal cells.
  • shutter means 100 in the form of a matrix of liquid crystal cells 6, a light source 101 disposed behind the shutter means, and filter means 102 disposed before the shutter means and including a repeat of a red transparent filter R, a green transparent filter G and a blue transparent filter B arranged in order in correspondence to the liquid crystal cells.
  • the thin-film EL elements each includes a thin transparent luminous layer which has no granularity. Therefore, external incident light and light emitted within the luminous layers are not scattered, so that they cause no halation or oozing, the display is clear and provides high contrast. Therefore, they are highlighted as being used for a display or illumination unit.
  • the basic structure of a thin-film EL element includes a double dielectric structure which in turn includes, on a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode layer of tin oxide (SnO2), etc., a first dielectric layer of tantalum pentaoxide, etc., a thin luminous layer of zinc sulfide (ZnS), etc., and containing manganese (Mn), etc., a second dielectric layer of tantalum pentaoxide, etc., and a rear electrode layer of aluminum (A1), etc., laminated in order.
  • a transparent electrode layer of tin oxide (SnO2), etc. a first dielectric layer of tantalum pentaoxide, etc., a thin luminous layer of zinc sulfide (ZnS), etc., and containing manganese (Mn), etc.
  • ZnS zinc sulfide
  • Mn manganese
  • A1 aluminum
  • the process of luminescence is as follows. If a voltage is applied across the transparent electrode and the rear electrode, the electrons trapped at the interface level are pulled out and accelerated by an electric field induced within the luminous layer so that they have energy enough to strike orbital electrons in Mn (the luminescent center) to thereby excite same.
  • a thin-film EL element having such structure is all transparent except for its rear electrode. Thus external incident light is reflected by the rear electrode and the reflection interferes with the light from the luminous layer so that it does not provide a satisfactory contrast ratio and thus only display devices having low display quality would be provided.
  • JP-U-61-57497 discloses the pre-characterising features of claim 1.
  • a colour display apparatus comprising an EL element section, including a plurality of arranged cells, each cell including a thin-film EL element formed so as to emit white light; and a colour filter section including a plurality of predetermined colour filters corresponding to the cells and disposed on the surface of the EL element section, respective voltages applied to the thin-film EL elements being controlled in accordance with image information for colour display, characterised in that the luminous layer of each cell in the EL element section consists of a single white light emitting luminous layer.
  • a method of making a thin-film EL element comprising, on a baseplate, a transparent electrode, a first dielectric layer, a luminous layer, a second dielectric layer and a rear electrode laminated in order, characterized in that: the step of forming the luminous layer comprises the step of: forming a thin zinc sulphide film; and implanting nitrogen ions in the zinc sulphide film by ion implantation.
  • a color display apparatus includes an EL panel which in turn includes an array of thin-film EL elements which in turn includes a single white light emitting layer, and a color filter.
  • the apparatus includes a matrix of cells, each including an EL element, disposed on a glass baseplate and a color filter unit arranged on the side of luminous faces of the EL elements, the color filter unit including a repeat of a red, a green and a blue transparent filter disposed in order, each filter corresponding to a respective cell.
  • a voltage applied to each cell in accordance with image information, light having a desired luminance and chromaticity is emitted through the corresponding filter.
  • the EL elements which emit, for example, white light containing three primary colors are used as a light source and there is light quantity adjusting means without using any liquid crystal, contrast and the angle of visual field are increased. Furthermore, no backlight is needed and thus the apparatus can be made thin.
  • the luminous layer may be formed by forming a thin-film of zinc sulfide and implanting nitrogen ions in the thin-film.
  • the second dielectric layer is formed in a reactive chamber by sputtering, using as a target tantalum pentaoxide (Ta2O5) and feeding a mixed gas of argon (Ar) + oxygen (O2), it is gradually changed from a black tantalum oxide (TaO x where x ⁇ 2.5) film to a transparent tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) film by gradually increasing the partial pressure of oxygen.
  • a target tantalum pentaoxide Ta2O5
  • a mixed gas of argon (Ar) + oxygen (O2) it is gradually changed from a black tantalum oxide (TaO x where x ⁇ 2.5) film to a transparent tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) film by gradually increasing the partial pressure of oxygen.
  • the EL element section 1 includes, on a glass substrate 3, a transparent electrode 4 of indium tin oxide (ITO) disposed so as to form a like number of first stripe lines l1, whill n at predetermined intervals, a first dielectric layer 5 of tantalum pentaoxide (Ta2O5), a luminous layer 6 having a single layer structure comprising a strontium sulphide (SrS) layer containing cerium (Ce) and europium (Eu) as an activator and potassium (K) as a coactivator, a second dielectric layer 7 of tantalum pentaoxide, and a rear electrode 8 in the form of an aluminium (A1) layer comprising a plurality of second stripe lines V1,...., V n disposed orthogonal to the first stripe lines l1,....,l n such that by applying a voltage corresponding to image information across any particular one of the stripe lines of the transparent electrode 4 and any particular one of the stripe lines of the rear electrode 8, the
  • Fig. 2(a) The principle of luminescence is as shown in Fig. 2(a) and thus rays of light having respective wavelengths are emitted.
  • Fig. 2(b) shows the emission spectrum of the rays of light emitted from this luminous layer.
  • One of the intersections constitutes a cell here.
  • the contrast characteristic of this color display apparatus is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the contrast ratio is about 1 : 100 for less than 1000 1x so that the characteristic is extremely satisfactory and greatly improved compared to the conventional one with a ratio of 1 : 10.
  • Fig. 4 shows a visual angle-dependent luminance characteristic.
  • the characteristic of color display apparatus according to the present invention is shown by the solid line, which exhibits that the luminance does not lower up to more than 60 degrees. It is understood that the inventive apparatus is of high visual angle compared to the conventional apparatus whose characteristic is shown by a broken line.
  • the respective cells are formed integrally, the luminous layer as well as the respective layers may be provided separately for each cell. This applies to the electrodes.
  • the luminous layer is not limited to a strontium sulphide (SrS) layer containing cerium (Ce), europium (Eu)and potassium (K).
  • SrS strontium sulphide
  • K europium
  • K europium
  • BaSe BaSe
  • ZnS ZnCdS
  • ZnF2 SrTiO3
  • BaTiO3 BaTiO3
  • a dyeable polymer layer directly coated on the glass baseplate may be used as in the particular example.
  • color filters formed separately may be attached, namely, a different color filter structure may be used as needed.
  • a protective film or the like may be provided as needed.
  • the thin-film EL element includes a single luminous layer which can emit white light.
  • a luminous layer 11 of thin-film EL elements having a double dielectric structure is composed of a 5000 ⁇ -thick thin-film layer of zinc sulphide containing nitrogen.
  • a transparent electrode 13 in the form of of a tin oxide (SnO2) layer, etc.
  • a first dielectric layer 14 a luminous layer 11 of zinc sulphide containing nitrogen as mentioned above
  • a second dielectric layer 15 a rear electrode 16 in the form of a thin aluminum (A1) film.
  • a process is employed in which a zinc sulphide layer is formed by sputtering and nitrogen is then implanted in the zinc sulphide layer by ion implantation.
  • the emission spectrum of the luminescence obtained by applying an alternating electric field across the thin-film EL element has a wide range of luminescent wavelengths covering three primary colors as shown in Fig. 7.
  • true white light is provided and a full-color display panel can be fabricated.
  • the present invention is not limited to this process.
  • a process for forming the luminous layer by sputtering or CVD in an atmosphere of nitrogen may be used. Namely, it may be selected as needed.
  • the thin-film EL element has a double dielectric layer structure which includes on a transparent glass baseplate 21 a transparent electrode 22 in the form of a tin oxide layer (SnO2), etc., a first dielectric layer 23, a luminous layer 24 of ZnS: Mn, a second black dielectric layer 25 of tantalum oxide (TaO x where x ⁇ 2.5) and a rear electrode 26 in the form of a thin aluminum (A1) film laminated in order.
  • a transparent glass baseplate 21 a transparent electrode 22 in the form of a tin oxide layer (SnO2), etc.
  • a first dielectric layer 23 a luminous layer 24 of ZnS: Mn
  • TaO x tantalum oxide
  • the second dielectric layer has the relationship between wavelength and transmittance as shown in Fig. 9, which shows that the transmittance is less than 10 % in a visual light area.
  • a curve b in Fig. 10 shows the relationship between luminance (cd/m2) and contrast ratio of a conventional thin-film EL element using tantalum pentaoxide (Ta2O5) as a material constituting the second dielectric layer.
  • the conventional thin-film EL element requires a luminance of 200 cd/m2 while the inventive element only requires 20 cd/m2, which illustrates that the contrast is greatly improved.
  • the black tantalum oxide film can be easily obtained by only changing partial conditions of a process for forming a transparent tantalum pentaoxide layer used conventionally - for example, by lowering only the partial pressure of oxygen under the same conditions as those in the sputtering process. Thus, manufacturing work is performed efficiently.
  • the materials constituting the luminous layer, transparent electrode and rear electrode are not limited to those of the particular example, and other materials are effective, of course.
  • Fig. 12 shows the results of measurement of the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen at the film formation and transmittance of the formed TaO x film when the partial pressure of argon (Ar) was 5 x 10 ⁇ 3 (Torr).
  • the axis of abscissae represents the partial pressure of oxygen x 10 ⁇ 5 (Torr) and the axis of ordinates the transmittance (%)).
  • the proportion in composition of oxygen or nitrogen in insulating oxides or nitrides is reduced stoichiometrically, so that the manufacturing process is not substantially changed and a black insulating film can be very easily provided.
  • the EL element includes on a transparent glass baseplate 31 a transparent electrode 32 in the form of a tin oxide (SnO2) layer, etc., a first dielectric layer 33 of yttrium oxide (Y2O3), a luminous layer 34 of zinc sulphide (ZnS): manganese (Mn), a second dielectric layer 35, the proportion in composition of which continuously changes from black to transparent, and a rear electrode 36 in the form of an aluminum layer, laminated in order.
  • a transparent electrode 32 in the form of a tin oxide (SnO2) layer, etc.
  • a first dielectric layer 33 of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) a luminous layer 34 of zinc sulphide (ZnS): manganese (Mn)
  • ZnS zinc sulphide
  • Mn zinc sulphide
  • second dielectric layer 35 the proportion in composition of which continuously changes from black to transparent
  • a rear electrode 36 in the form of an aluminum layer, laminated in order.
  • the second dielectric layer has a proportion in composition continuously changing stoichiometrically from a black tantalum oxide film (TaO x where x ⁇ 2.5) 3000 ⁇ thick to a transparent tantalum pentaoxide (Ta2O5) film and has a thickness of 5000 ⁇ in total.
  • ⁇ 600 nm
  • ⁇ cm the relationship between oxygen content and resistivity
  • a curve a in Fig. 15 shows the luminance-voltage characteristic of the thin-film EL element thus formed.
  • curves b and c in Fig. 15 show the luminance-voltage characteristics of a thin-film EL element having the same structure as example 4 except for the second dielectric layer which consists of a single (black) tantalum oxide (TaO x where x ⁇ 2.5) film 5000 ⁇ thick and another thin-film EL element having the same structure as example 4 except for the second dielectric layer having a two-layered structure which consists of a black tantalum oxide (TaO x where x ⁇ 2.5) film 4000 ⁇ thick and a transparent tantalum pentaoxide film (Ta2O5) 1000 ⁇ thick.
  • Curves a and b are substantially equal in contrast and the curve c is somewhat lower.
  • the axis of ordinates represents luminance and the axis of abscissa applied voltage). It will be understood that the voltages which the elements can withstand for a long time (dielectric strength) are 165 V for a , 125 V for b and 150 V for c and that the thin-film EL element of the inventive example in which the second dielectric layer is continuously changed has a greatly improved dielectric strength.
  • the thin-film EL element according to the inventive examples exhibits high contrast and high breakdown voltage.
  • inventive thin-film EL elements may be used as a light source for writing signals into, reading signals out of and erasing signals in a recording medium for illuminating purposes in addition to the display apparatus applications.
  • a photosensor 37 may be provided.
  • the voltage applied to the thin-film EL element is controlled in accordance with a signal from the photosensor to change the luminance to thereby maintain the contrast constant and improve the display effect.
  • control of the applied voltage is easy if it is provided so as to change the applied voltage stepwise to thereby maintain the contrast within a predetermined range (a - b) when the signal from the photosensor exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the thin-film EL element is emitting light at a certain luminance of A.
  • the luminance is changed stepwise as shown by A, B, C, D. If the environmental illumination or the detection output from the photosensor 7 becomes 1000 1x, the applied voltage is increased such that the luminance becomes B; if the illumination further increases to about 5000 1x, the luminance changes to C and so on. In this way, the contrast can be maintained within a substantially constant range without being influenced by the environmental illuminations.
  • the applied voltage may be changed continuously in accordance with the detection output from the photosensor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
EP19920203321 1986-07-03 1987-07-03 Color display apparatus Withdrawn EP0537864A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP156896/86 1986-07-03
JP15689686 1986-07-03

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87904321.4 Division 1987-07-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0537864A2 true EP0537864A2 (fr) 1993-04-21
EP0537864A3 EP0537864A3 (en) 1993-11-24

Family

ID=15637760

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87904321A Expired - Lifetime EP0313656B1 (fr) 1986-07-03 1987-07-03 Dispositif d'affichage en couleurs
EP19920203321 Withdrawn EP0537864A3 (en) 1986-07-03 1987-07-03 Color display apparatus

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87904321A Expired - Lifetime EP0313656B1 (fr) 1986-07-03 1987-07-03 Dispositif d'affichage en couleurs

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0313656B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2531686B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR950014429B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3750038T2 (fr)
FI (1) FI890007A (fr)
WO (1) WO1988000382A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1079668A2 (fr) * 1999-08-20 2001-02-28 TDK Corporation Dispositif d'affichage electroluminescent

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5126620A (en) * 1988-12-19 1992-06-30 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Display element
FR2643488B1 (fr) * 1989-02-21 1994-04-29 France Etat Ecran plat d'affichage polychrome electroluminescent a effet memoire
DE3942699A1 (de) * 1989-12-21 1991-06-27 Akad Wissenschaften Ddr Elektrolumineszenz-flachdisplay und verfahren zur herstellung derartiger flachdisplays
GB2282701B (en) * 1990-09-01 1995-07-12 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Electro-luminescence indicating panel and method for manufacture thereof
JP2004012571A (ja) * 2002-06-04 2004-01-15 Toyota Industries Corp 表示装置
JP2004045769A (ja) * 2002-07-11 2004-02-12 Toyota Industries Corp 表示装置
JP4740582B2 (ja) * 2004-03-19 2011-08-03 富士フイルム株式会社 電界発光装置
GB0500268D0 (en) * 2005-01-07 2005-02-16 Pelikon Ltd Electroluminescent displays
US8766531B1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-07-01 Universal Display Corporation Wearable display

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6157497U (fr) 1984-09-21 1986-04-17

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3496410A (en) * 1967-11-13 1970-02-17 Sanders Associates Inc Electroluminescent display device producing a graphical display in a selected color
JPS56107289A (en) * 1980-01-30 1981-08-26 Sharp Kk Thin film light emitting element
JPS5956391A (ja) * 1982-09-27 1984-03-31 株式会社東芝 Ｅｌデイスプレイ装置
JPS6074384A (ja) * 1983-09-30 1985-04-26 松下電器産業株式会社 薄膜発光素子
JPS60134277A (ja) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-17 沖電気工業株式会社 Ｅｌパネルの製造方法
JPS60232697A (ja) * 1984-04-30 1985-11-19 ホ−ヤ株式会社 薄膜ｅｌ素子
JPS61220292A (ja) * 1985-03-26 1986-09-30 ホ−ヤ株式会社 薄膜ｅｌ素子とその製造方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6157497U (fr) 1984-09-21 1986-04-17

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
YOSHIHIRO HAMAKAWA ET AL.: "The Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan Technical Research Report", CPM, 1982, pages 82 - 10

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1079668A2 (fr) * 1999-08-20 2001-02-28 TDK Corporation Dispositif d'affichage electroluminescent
EP1079668A3 (fr) * 1999-08-20 2002-01-09 TDK Corporation Dispositif d'affichage electroluminescent

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI890007A0 (fi) 1989-01-02
KR880701933A (ko) 1988-11-07
EP0313656A1 (fr) 1989-05-03
JPS63152897A (ja) 1988-06-25
DE3750038T2 (de) 1994-11-17
EP0313656A4 (fr) 1989-10-25
FI890007A (fi) 1989-01-02
JP2531686B2 (ja) 1996-09-04
WO1988000382A1 (fr) 1988-01-14
EP0313656B1 (fr) 1994-06-08
EP0537864A3 (en) 1993-11-24
DE3750038D1 (de) 1994-07-14
KR950014429B1 (ko) 1995-11-27

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