EP0537090A1 - Electric circuit breaker with insertion of extra-turns in the magnetic trip mechanism winding - Google Patents

Electric circuit breaker with insertion of extra-turns in the magnetic trip mechanism winding Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0537090A1
EP0537090A1 EP92420350A EP92420350A EP0537090A1 EP 0537090 A1 EP0537090 A1 EP 0537090A1 EP 92420350 A EP92420350 A EP 92420350A EP 92420350 A EP92420350 A EP 92420350A EP 0537090 A1 EP0537090 A1 EP 0537090A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
contacts
circuit breaker
current
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92420350A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0537090B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Menier
Jean-Yves Amblard
Eric Domejean
Jean-Louis Armenio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric SE
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Schneider Electric SE
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Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA, Schneider Electric SE filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0537090A1 publication Critical patent/EP0537090A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0537090B1 publication Critical patent/EP0537090B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2418—Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electrodynamic current limiting mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2409—Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electromagnetic current limiting mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2463—Electromagnetic mechanisms with plunger type armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2481—Electromagnetic mechanisms characterised by the coil design
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/28—Electromagnetic mechanisms with windings acting in conjunction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/38—Electromagnetic mechanisms wherein the magnet coil also acts as arc blow-out device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H01H9/465—Shunt circuit closed by transferring the arc onto an auxiliary electrode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low voltage electric circuit breaker having a pair of contacts, one of which is movable, a contact pressure spring urging the movable contact in the closed position, a mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of the circuit breaker. actuated by a lever, and an electromagnetic trip device comprising a coil electrically connected in series with the contacts and a movable armature actuated when the current flowing through the coil exceeds a predetermined threshold and arranged to on the one hand trigger said mechanism and thus cause the opening of the circuit breaker, and secondly to act by percussion on the crew of the movable contact and move the latter quickly in the open position.
  • a known electrical circuit breaker of the kind mentioned uses the force generated by the electromagnetic trip device during a short-circuit current to accelerate the opening of the contacts.
  • a rapid opening of the contacts is essential for cutting the current and the use of a striker actuated by the electromagnetic trip device whose impact force on the movable contact adds or replaces the opening force of the spring of the mechanism. opening, allows a significantly higher contact separation speed to be obtained.
  • the present invention aims to allow the realization of a circuit breaker with accelerated opening of the contacts and increased breaking capacity.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that said coil is subdivided into a first and a second part connected in series, by a connection point connected to one of said contacts, so that the current passing through the contacts closed traverses only the first part of the coil, the number of turns of this first part is low enough to avoid excessive heating when it is traversed by the nominal current, and that the second part of the coil is connected to an electrode arranged in the arc displacement zone, drawn during the separation of the contacts, so as to capture the arc and to switch the current in the first and in the second part of the coil to increase the displacement force of the mobile armature and / or the percussion force of the mobile contact.
  • the nominal current flowing through the circuit breaker flows through the first part of the coil, the number of turns of which is determined in the usual way to generate an actuating force of the tripping mechanism when the current exceeds a given threshold.
  • the second part of the coil is switched on by adding a sufficiently small number of additional turns of the coil to allow switching.
  • the current flows through the first and the second part of the coil by exerting an increased displacement force of the movable armature which can inter alia be used to increase the percussion force of the movable contact.
  • the heating of the coil is of course increased, but the duration of excitation of the two parts of the coil is extremely short since it disappears as soon as the circuit is cut by the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker contacts are arranged to be subjected to a electrodynamic repulsion force capable of causing the separation of the contacts against the force exerted by the contact pressure spring, when the current exceeds a given threshold generally greater than the tripping threshold.
  • the contacts can thus separate quickly and anticipate the opening action transmitted by the opening mechanism.
  • the insertion of additional turns, in this case the insertion of the second part of the coil takes place only after the switching of the arc on the electrode, and this switching is advantageously accelerated by shaping the electrode by relative to the path of movement of the movable contact to quickly capture the arc.
  • the electrode extends near the end of the contact arm, substantially parallel to the initial path of the latter, when the contacts are separated, so that the spacing between the end of the arm contact and the electrode quickly becomes smaller than the spacing of the separate contacts, causing the arc to switch on the electrode.
  • the two parts of the coil are preferably arranged coaxially and they can be constituted by a single coil having an intermediate tap constituting the connection point between the two parts of the coil.
  • This connection point is electrically connected to one of the contacts, preferably to the fixed contact, while the electrode is connected to the end of the second part, opposite to said connection point.
  • the end of the first part of the coil, opposite the connection point is connected to one of the end terminals of the circuit breaker.
  • the movable frame is advantageously a sliding core inside the coil which, on the one hand acts on the triggering mechanism, and on the other hand cooperates with the movable assembly or directly with the movable contact arm, by percussion to accelerate the movement of the movable contact during a short circuit.
  • the insertion of turns according to the invention can of course be used in a circuit breaker without a striker and in which the increase in the magnetic field generated by the coil is used for other purposes, for example at rapidity actuation of the trigger mechanism or a magnetic blow of the arc.
  • the electrodynamic repulsion of the contacts advantageously results from a loop path of the current flowing through these contacts, and the separation of the contacts under the effect of these repulsion forces occurs preferably before the action of the tripping mechanism.
  • the invention is described below as being applied to a miniature circuit breaker with molded case, but it is clear that it is applicable to other types of circuit breakers.
  • a molded insulating housing (10) of standard profile contains, a pair of contacts, one of which (11) is movable and the other (12) of which is fixed, a breaking chamber with deionization plates (13 ), an electromagnetic trip device (14), a bimetallic strip (15) and an actuation mechanism (31) of the movable contact.
  • the actuation mechanism (31) which is not shown in detail, can be of the type described in the aforementioned French patent 2,605,454, arranged to be controlled manually by a lever (32) or automatically by the bimetallic strip (15) or the electromagnetic release (14).
  • the movable contact (11) is carried by a contact arm (16) pivotally mounted on a fixed axis (17) and a tension spring (18) attacks the contact arm (16) to urge the movable contact (11) in support of the fixed contact (12).
  • the electromagnetic trip device comprises a coil in two parts (19,20) electrically connected in series by a connection point (21).
  • the two parts (19,20) are constituted by the same coil having an intermediate tap constituted by the connection point (21), but it is clear that these two parts could be separate or be arranged a different way, including overlapping.
  • the circuit breaker has two terminals schematically represented by input and output areas (24,25), the area (24) being connected to the base of the bimetallic strip (15) whose opposite end is connected by a braid (26 ) to the arm of the movable contact (16).
  • the fixed contact (12) is electrically connected to the connection point (21) of the two parts (19,20) of the coil, the opposite end of the first part (19) of the coil being connected to the opposite pad (25 ).
  • the current enters through the range (24), travels through the bimetallic strip (15), the braid (26), the closed contacts (11,12), the first part of the coil (19) to exit through the opposite range (25).
  • Such an arrangement is well known to specialists and there is no need to describe it in more detail.
  • the end (26), opposite the connection point (21), of the second part (20) of the coil is electrically connected to an electrode (27) which extends near the contacts (11 , 12) with a first part (28) substantially parallel to the fixed contact (12), a second part (29) disposed at a short distance from the end of the contact arm (16) and extending parallel to the displacement path of this end of the movable contact arm (16) and extending by a third part (30) bent in the direction of the breaking chamber (13).
  • the switching of the arc on the electrode (27) thus causes the insertion of the second part (20) of the coil and an increase in the number of turns of the latter, increasing the intensity of the magnetic field and therefore the force of displacement of the sliding core (22).
  • the contacts (11,12) are arranged to impose a loop path of the current which generates electrodynamic repulsive forces tending to move the movable contact (11) in the opening direction against the force of the tension spring ( 18).
  • the mechanism 31 is arranged to allow such separation of the contacts (11,12).
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention operates as follows: In the closed position of the circuit breaker, shown in FIG. 1, the current passing through the closed contacts (11,12) flows only through the first part (19) of the coil of the electromagnetic trip device (14). The heating produced by the nominal current passing through the first part (19) of the coil is low, the number of turns of this first part being nevertheless sufficient to cause tripping of the circuit breaker during a short circuit, as described thereafter.
  • the circuit breaker can be opened manually by actuation of the handle (32) which controls the mechanism (31).
  • the deflection of the bimetallic strip (15) acts by a path not shown on the mechanism (31) to cause the opening by displacement of the movable contact arm (16).
  • the nominal current or the overload current are insufficient to generate an electrodynamic repulsion of the contacts (11, 12), or to excite the electromagnetic trip device (14).
  • the short-circuit current flowing through the first part (19) of the coil is sufficient to actuate the movable core (22) which transmits to the mechanism ( 31) a trigger order.
  • the movable core (22) also strikes the contact arm (16) to move or accelerate the movement of this contact arm (16) towards the open position of the circuit breaker.
  • the short-circuit current flowing through the contacts (11,12) generates an electrodynamic repulsion force on these contacts which moves the contact arm (16) and causes the contacts (11,12) to separate.
  • the arc drawn between the separate contacts (11,12) quickly switches to the electrode (27) by switching on the second part (20) of the electromagnetic trip coil (14).
  • the increase in the intensity of the magnetic field can be used for other purposes than the displacement of the striker core (22), in particular to exert a magnetic blowing on the arc, and that it would not go beyond the scope of the invention using a first part (19) of a coil having no turn, the displacement of the movable core (22) being in this case generated during the excitation of the second part (20) of the coil.

Abstract

The coil of the magnetic trip mechanism (14) of a low-voltage circuit breaker is subdivided into two parts which are connected in such a way that, under normal operation, the nominal current traverses only one (19) of these parts. Upon a short-circuit producing an electrodynamic repulsion of the contacts, the second part (20) of the coil is brought into circuit by switching the arc to an electrode (27) positioned near the contacts. The insertion of extra turns increases the force of displacement of the plunger of the electromagnetic trip mechanism and its force of impact on the moving contact arm in order to accelerate the displacement of the latter towards its open position. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur électrique basse tension ayant une paire de contacts dont l'un est mobile, un ressort de pression de contact sollicitant le contact mobile en position de fermeture, un mécanisme de commande d'ouverture et de fermeture du disjoncteur actionné par une manette, et un déclencheur électromagnétique comprenant une bobine connectée électriquement en série des contacts et une armature mobile actionnée lorsque le courant parcourant la bobine dépasse un seuil prédéterminé et agencée pour d'une part déclencher ledit mécanisme et provoquer ainsi l'ouverture du disjoncteur, et d'autre part pour agir par percussion sur l'équipage du contact mobile et déplacer ce dernier rapidement en position d'ouverture.The invention relates to a low voltage electric circuit breaker having a pair of contacts, one of which is movable, a contact pressure spring urging the movable contact in the closed position, a mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of the circuit breaker. actuated by a lever, and an electromagnetic trip device comprising a coil electrically connected in series with the contacts and a movable armature actuated when the current flowing through the coil exceeds a predetermined threshold and arranged to on the one hand trigger said mechanism and thus cause the opening of the circuit breaker, and secondly to act by percussion on the crew of the movable contact and move the latter quickly in the open position.

Un disjoncteur électrique connu du genre mentionné (brevet français 2.605.454) fait usage de la force engendrée par le déclencheur électromagnétique lors d'un courant de court-circuit pour accélérer l'ouverture des contacts. Une ouverture rapide des contacts est essentielle pour la coupure du courant et l'utilisation d'un percuteur actionné par le déclencheur électromagnétique dont la force de percussion sur le contact mobile s'ajoute ou remplace la force d'ouverture du ressort du mécanisme d'ouverture, permet d'obtenir une vitesse de séparation de contact nettement plus grande. Il est possible d'augmenter cette force de percussion en utilisant une bobine de déclencheur électromagnétique ayant un nombre de spires élevées. Cette bobine est parcourue en permanence par le courant et une augmentation du nombre de spires s'accompagne d'une augmentation de l'échauffement qui devient rapidement prohibitif. En particulier dans les appareils de gros calibres, le nombre de spires de la bobine est limité et l'action du percuteur est en conséquence elle-même limitée.A known electrical circuit breaker of the kind mentioned (French patent 2,605,454) uses the force generated by the electromagnetic trip device during a short-circuit current to accelerate the opening of the contacts. A rapid opening of the contacts is essential for cutting the current and the use of a striker actuated by the electromagnetic trip device whose impact force on the movable contact adds or replaces the opening force of the spring of the mechanism. opening, allows a significantly higher contact separation speed to be obtained. It is possible to increase this percussion force by using an electromagnetic trigger coil having a high number of turns. This coil is continuously traversed by the current and an increase in the number of turns is accompanied by an increase in heating which quickly becomes prohibitive. In particular in large-caliber devices, the number of turns of the coil is limited and the action of the striker is consequently itself limited.

La présente invention a pour but de permettre la réalisation d'un disjoncteur à ouverture accélérée des contacts et à pouvoir de coupure accru.The present invention aims to allow the realization of a circuit breaker with accelerated opening of the contacts and increased breaking capacity.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que ladite bobine est subdivisée en une première et une deuxième partie connectées en série, par un point de connexion relié à l'un desdits contacts, de façon à ce que le courant passant par les contacts fermés parcourt uniquement la première partie de la bobine, que le nombre de spires de cette première partie est suffisamment faible pour éviter un échauffement excessif lorsqu'elle est parcourue par le courant nominal, et que la deuxième partie de la bobine est connectée à une électrode disposée dans la zone de déplacement de l'arc, tiré lors de la séparation des contacts, de façon à capter l'arc et à commuter le courant dans la première et dans la deuxième partie de la bobine pour accroître la force de déplacement de l'armature mobile et/ou la force de percussion du contact mobile.The circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that said coil is subdivided into a first and a second part connected in series, by a connection point connected to one of said contacts, so that the current passing through the contacts closed traverses only the first part of the coil, the number of turns of this first part is low enough to avoid excessive heating when it is traversed by the nominal current, and that the second part of the coil is connected to an electrode arranged in the arc displacement zone, drawn during the separation of the contacts, so as to capture the arc and to switch the current in the first and in the second part of the coil to increase the displacement force of the mobile armature and / or the percussion force of the mobile contact.

En fonctionnement normal, le courant nominal traversant le disjoncteur parcourt la première partie de la bobine,dont le nombre de spires est déterminé de la manière usuelle pour engendrer une force d'actionnement du mécanisme de déclenchement lorsque le courant dépasse un seuil donné. Dès la séparation des contacts et la commutation de l'arc tiré entre les contacts séparés, sur l'électrode, la deuxième partie de la bobine est mise en circuit en rajoutant un nombre suffisamment faible de spires supplémentaires de la bobine pour permettre la commutation. Le courant parcourt la première et la deuxième partie de la bobine en exerçant une force accrue de déplacement de l'armature mobile qui peut entre autres être utilisée pour accroître la force de percussion du contact mobile. L'échauffement de la bobine est bien entendu augmenté mais la durée d'excitation des deux parties de la bobine est extrêmement courte puisqu'elle disparait dès la coupure du courant par le disjoncteur.In normal operation, the nominal current flowing through the circuit breaker flows through the first part of the coil, the number of turns of which is determined in the usual way to generate an actuating force of the tripping mechanism when the current exceeds a given threshold. Upon separation of the contacts and switching of the arc drawn between the separate contacts, on the electrode, the second part of the coil is switched on by adding a sufficiently small number of additional turns of the coil to allow switching. The current flows through the first and the second part of the coil by exerting an increased displacement force of the movable armature which can inter alia be used to increase the percussion force of the movable contact. The heating of the coil is of course increased, but the duration of excitation of the two parts of the coil is extremely short since it disappears as soon as the circuit is cut by the circuit breaker.

Les contacts du disjoncteur sont agencés pour être soumis à une force électrodynamique de répulsion susceptible de provoquer la séparation des contacts à l'encontre de la force exercée par le ressort de pression de contact, lorsque le courant dépasse un seuil donné généralement supérieur au seuil de déclenchement. Les contacts peuvent ainsi se séparer rapidement et devancer l'action d'ouverture transmise par le mécanisme d'ouverture. L'insertion de spires additionnelles, en l'occurrence l'insertion de la deuxième partie de la bobine n'intervient qu'après la commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode, et cette commutation est avantageusement accélérée en conformant l'électrode par rapport à la trajectoire de déplacement du contact mobile pour capter rapidement l'arc. A cet effet, l'électrode s'étend à proximité de l'extrémité du bras de contact, sensiblement parallèlement à la trajectoire initiale de ce dernier, lors de la séparation des contacts, de façon que l'écartement entre l'extrémité du bras de contact et l'électrode devient rapidement inférieur à l'espacement des contacts séparés, ce qui provoque la commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode. Les deux parties de la bobine sont de préférence disposées coaxialement et elles peuvent être constituées par une bobine unique ayant une prise intermédiaire constituant le point de connexion entre les deux parties de la bobine. Ce point de connexion est relié électriquement à l'un des contacts, de préférence au contact fixe, tandis que l'électrode est reliée à l'extrémité de la deuxième partie, opposée audit point de connexion. L'extrémité de la première partie de la bobine, opposée au point de connexion, est reliée à l'une des bornes d'extrémité du disjoncteur. L'armature mobile est avantageusement un noyau coulissant à l'intérieur de la bobine qui, d'une part agit sur le mécanisme de déclenchement, et d'autre part coopère avec l'équipage mobile ou directement avec le bras de contact mobile, par percussion pour accélérer le déplacement du contact mobile lors d'un court-circuit. L'insertion de spires selon l'invention peut bien entendu être utilisée dans un disjoncteur démuni d'un percuteur et dans lequel l'augmentation du champ magnétique engendré par la bobine est utilisée à d'autres fins, par exemple à la rapidité d'actionnement du mécanisme de déclenchement ou à un soufflage magnétique de l'arc. La répulsion électrodynamique des contacts résulte avantageusement d'une trajectoire en boucle du courant parcourant ces contacts, et la séparation des contacts sous l'effet de ces forces de répulsion intervient de préférence avant l'action du mécanisme de déclenchement.The circuit breaker contacts are arranged to be subjected to a electrodynamic repulsion force capable of causing the separation of the contacts against the force exerted by the contact pressure spring, when the current exceeds a given threshold generally greater than the tripping threshold. The contacts can thus separate quickly and anticipate the opening action transmitted by the opening mechanism. The insertion of additional turns, in this case the insertion of the second part of the coil takes place only after the switching of the arc on the electrode, and this switching is advantageously accelerated by shaping the electrode by relative to the path of movement of the movable contact to quickly capture the arc. For this purpose, the electrode extends near the end of the contact arm, substantially parallel to the initial path of the latter, when the contacts are separated, so that the spacing between the end of the arm contact and the electrode quickly becomes smaller than the spacing of the separate contacts, causing the arc to switch on the electrode. The two parts of the coil are preferably arranged coaxially and they can be constituted by a single coil having an intermediate tap constituting the connection point between the two parts of the coil. This connection point is electrically connected to one of the contacts, preferably to the fixed contact, while the electrode is connected to the end of the second part, opposite to said connection point. The end of the first part of the coil, opposite the connection point, is connected to one of the end terminals of the circuit breaker. The movable frame is advantageously a sliding core inside the coil which, on the one hand acts on the triggering mechanism, and on the other hand cooperates with the movable assembly or directly with the movable contact arm, by percussion to accelerate the movement of the movable contact during a short circuit. The insertion of turns according to the invention can of course be used in a circuit breaker without a striker and in which the increase in the magnetic field generated by the coil is used for other purposes, for example at rapidity actuation of the trigger mechanism or a magnetic blow of the arc. The electrodynamic repulsion of the contacts advantageously results from a loop path of the current flowing through these contacts, and the separation of the contacts under the effect of these repulsion forces occurs preferably before the action of the tripping mechanism.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre, d'un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention,donné à titre d'exemple non limitaitf, et représenté aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation, la face avant étant supposée enlevée d'un disjoncteur selon l'invention, représenté en position de fermeture;
  • La figure 2 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1, montrant le disjoncteur en cours d'ouverture.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows, of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, and represented in the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view, the front face being assumed removed from a circuit breaker according to the invention, shown in the closed position;
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, showing the circuit breaker being opened.

L'invention est décrite par la suite comme étant appliquée à un disjoncteur miniature à boîtier moulé, mais il est clair qu'elle est applicable à d'autres types de disjoncteurs.The invention is described below as being applied to a miniature circuit breaker with molded case, but it is clear that it is applicable to other types of circuit breakers.

Sur les figures, un boîtier moulé isolant (10) de profil standard contient, une paire de contacts dont l'un (11) est mobile et dont l'autre (12) est fixe, une chambre de coupure à tôles de désionisation (13), un déclencheur électromagnétique (14), une bilame (15) et un mécanisme d'actionnement (31) du contact mobile. Le mécanisme d'actionnement (31) qui n'est pas représenté en détail, peut être du type décrit dans le brevet français précité 2.605.454, agencé pour être commandé manuellement par une manette (32) ou automatiquement par la bilame (15) ou le déclencheur électromagnétique (14). Le contact mobile (11) est porté par un bras de contact (16) monté à pivotement sur un axe fixe (17) et un ressort de traction (18) attaque le bras de contact(16) pour solliciter le contact mobile (11) en appui du contact fixe (12).In the figures, a molded insulating housing (10) of standard profile contains, a pair of contacts, one of which (11) is movable and the other (12) of which is fixed, a breaking chamber with deionization plates (13 ), an electromagnetic trip device (14), a bimetallic strip (15) and an actuation mechanism (31) of the movable contact. The actuation mechanism (31) which is not shown in detail, can be of the type described in the aforementioned French patent 2,605,454, arranged to be controlled manually by a lever (32) or automatically by the bimetallic strip (15) or the electromagnetic release (14). The movable contact (11) is carried by a contact arm (16) pivotally mounted on a fixed axis (17) and a tension spring (18) attacks the contact arm (16) to urge the movable contact (11) in support of the fixed contact (12).

Le déclencheur électromagnétique comporte une bobine en deux parties (19,20) connectées électriquement en série par un point de connexion (21). Dans l'exemple représenté, les deux parties (19,20) sont constituées par une même bobine ayant une prise intermédiaire constituée par le point de connexion (21), mais il est clair que ces deux parties pourraient être distinctes ou être disposées d'une manière différente,notamment superposées. A l'intérieur de la bobine (19,20), est monté à coulissement une armature mobile constituée par un noyau coulissant (22) dont l'extrémité porte un percuteur (23) venant percuter le bras de contact mobile (16) lors d'une excitation de la bobine (19,20) pour déplacer ce contact mobile vers la position d'ouverture. Le disjoncteur comporte deux bornes schématiquement représentées par des plages d'entrées et de sorties (24,25), la plage (24) étant reliée à la base de la bilame (15) dont l'extrémité opposée est reliée par une tresse (26) au bras du contact mobile (16). Le contact fixe(12)est relié électriquement au point de connexion (21) des deux parties (19,20) de la bobine, l'extrémité opposée de la première partie (19) de la bobine étant reliée à la plage opposée (25). A un instant donné, le courant entre par la plage (24), parcourt la bilame (15), la tresse (26), les contacts fermés (11,12), la première partie de la bobine (19) pour sortir par la plage opposée (25). Une telle disposition est bien connue des spécialistes et il est inutile de la décrire plus en détails.The electromagnetic trip device comprises a coil in two parts (19,20) electrically connected in series by a connection point (21). In the example shown, the two parts (19,20) are constituted by the same coil having an intermediate tap constituted by the connection point (21), but it is clear that these two parts could be separate or be arranged a different way, including overlapping. Inside the coil (19,20), is slidably mounted a movable frame constituted by a sliding core (22) whose end carries a striker (23) striking the movable contact arm (16) during 'an excitation of the coil (19,20) to move this movable contact to the open position. The circuit breaker has two terminals schematically represented by input and output areas (24,25), the area (24) being connected to the base of the bimetallic strip (15) whose opposite end is connected by a braid (26 ) to the arm of the movable contact (16). The fixed contact (12) is electrically connected to the connection point (21) of the two parts (19,20) of the coil, the opposite end of the first part (19) of the coil being connected to the opposite pad (25 ). At a given instant, the current enters through the range (24), travels through the bimetallic strip (15), the braid (26), the closed contacts (11,12), the first part of the coil (19) to exit through the opposite range (25). Such an arrangement is well known to specialists and there is no need to describe it in more detail.

Selon la présente invention, l'extrémité (26), opposée au point de connexion (21), de la deuxième partie (20) de la bobine est reliée électriquement à une électrode (27) qui s'étend à proximité des contacts (11,12) avec une première partie (28) sensiblement parallèle au contact fixe (12), une deuxième partie (29) disposée à faible distance de l'extrémité du bras de contact (16) et s'étendant parallèlement à la trajectoire de déplacement de cette extrémité du bras de contact mobile (16) et se prolongeant par une troisième partie (30) recourbée en direction de la chambre de coupure (13).According to the present invention, the end (26), opposite the connection point (21), of the second part (20) of the coil is electrically connected to an electrode (27) which extends near the contacts (11 , 12) with a first part (28) substantially parallel to the fixed contact (12), a second part (29) disposed at a short distance from the end of the contact arm (16) and extending parallel to the displacement path of this end of the movable contact arm (16) and extending by a third part (30) bent in the direction of the breaking chamber (13).

Il est facile de voir que l'écartement entre le bras de contact mobile (16) et la deuxième partie (29) de l'électrode (27) reste constant et faible pendant la phase initiale d'ouverture des contacts (11,12) et que cet écartement devient rapidement inférieur à la distance de séparation des contacts (11,12) en provoquant une commutation de l'arc, tiré lors de la séparation des contacts (11,12), sur l'électrode (27). Dès cette commutation de l'arc, représenté sur la figure 2, le courant parcourt la plage (24), la bilame (15), la tresse (26), le contact mobile (11), l'électrode (27), la deuxième partie (20) et la première partie (19) de la bobine pour sortir par la plage opposée (25), de la manière représentée par des flèches sur la figure 2. La commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode (27) provoque ainsi l'insertion de la deuxième partie (20) de la bobine et un accroissement du nombre de spires de cette dernière, en augmentant l'intensité du champ magnétique et de ce fait, la force de déplacement du noyau coulissant (22). Les contacts (11,12) sont agencés pour imposer une trajectoire en boucle du courant qui engendre des forces électrodynamiques de répulsion tendant à déplacer le contact mobile (11) en direction d'ouverture à l'encontre de la force du ressort de traction(18). Le mécanisme 31 est agencé pour autoriser une telle séparation des contacts (11,12).It is easy to see that the distance between the movable contact arm (16) and the second part (29) of the electrode (27) remains constant and small during the initial phase of opening the contacts (11,12) and that this spacing quickly becomes less than the separation distance of the contacts (11,12) by causing a switching of the arc, drawn during the separation of the contacts (11,12), on the electrode (27). As soon as this arc switching, shown in FIG. 2, the current flows through the range (24), the bimetallic strip (15), the braid (26), the movable contact (11), the electrode (27), the second part (20) and the first part (19) of the coil to exit through the opposite area (25), as shown by arrows in FIG. 2. The switching of the arc on the electrode (27) thus causes the insertion of the second part (20) of the coil and an increase in the number of turns of the latter, increasing the intensity of the magnetic field and therefore the force of displacement of the sliding core (22). The contacts (11,12) are arranged to impose a loop path of the current which generates electrodynamic repulsive forces tending to move the movable contact (11) in the opening direction against the force of the tension spring ( 18). The mechanism 31 is arranged to allow such separation of the contacts (11,12).

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention fonctionne de la manière suivante:
   En position fermée du disjoncteur, représentée à la figure 1, le courant traversant les contacts fermés (11,12) parcourt uniquement la première partie (19) de la bobine du déclencheur électromagnétique (14). L'échauffement produit par le courant nominal traversant la première partie (19) de la bobine est faible, le nombre de spires de cette première partie étant néanmoins suffisant pour provoquer le déclenchement du disjoncteur lors d'un court-circuit, de la manière décrite par la suite. Le disjoncteur peut être ouvert manuellement par actionnement de la manette (32) qui pilote le mécanisme (31).The circuit breaker according to the invention operates as follows:
In the closed position of the circuit breaker, shown in FIG. 1, the current passing through the closed contacts (11,12) flows only through the first part (19) of the coil of the electromagnetic trip device (14). The heating produced by the nominal current passing through the first part (19) of the coil is low, the number of turns of this first part being nevertheless sufficient to cause tripping of the circuit breaker during a short circuit, as described thereafter. The circuit breaker can be opened manually by actuation of the handle (32) which controls the mechanism (31).

Lors d'une surcharge, la déflexion de la bilame (15) agit par une voie non représentée sur le mécanisme (31) pour provoquer l'ouverture par déplacement du bras de contact mobile (16). Le courant nominal ou le courant de surcharge sont insuffisants pour engendrer une répulsion électrodynamique des contacts(11, 12), ou pour exciter le déclencheur électromagnétique (14).During an overload, the deflection of the bimetallic strip (15) acts by a path not shown on the mechanism (31) to cause the opening by displacement of the movable contact arm (16). The nominal current or the overload current are insufficient to generate an electrodynamic repulsion of the contacts (11, 12), or to excite the electromagnetic trip device (14).

Lors d'un courant de court-circuit d'une intensité supérieure à un seuil prédéterminé, le courant de court-circuit parcourant la première partie (19) de la bobine est suffisant pour actionner le noyau mobile (22) qui transmet au mécanisme (31) un ordre de déclenchement. Lors de son déplacement, le noyau mobile (22) vient également percuter le bras de contact (16) pour déplacer ou accélérer le déplacement de ce bras de contact (16) vers la position d'ouverture du disjoncteur. Le courant de court-circuit parcourant les contacts (11,12), engendre une force de répulsion électrodynamique de ces contacts qui déplace le bras de contact (16) et provoque une séparation des contacts (11,12). L'arc tiré entre les contacts séparés (11,12) commute rapidement sur l'électrode (27) en mettant en circuit la deuxième partie (20) de la bobine du déclencheur électromagnétique (14). L'insertion de spires additionnelles accroit le champ magnétique engendré par le courant traversant la bobine et la force de déplacement du noyau mobile (22). La force de percussion accrue provoque le déplacement rapide du contact mobile favorisant la coupure du courant. Il est clair que la séparation des contacts (11,12) par répulsion électrodynamique est plus rapide que le fonctionnement du mécanisme (31) lors d'un court-circuit, et que l'insertion de la deuxième partie (20) de la bobine par commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode (27) intervient avant le déplacement du contact mobile par le mécanisme (31). L'action du mécanisme (31) confirme ou achève l'ouverture des contacts (11,12) provoquée initialement par les forces électrodynamiques de répulsion et la percussion du noyau mobile (22) sur le bras de contact (16). La rapidité de coupure du courant limite le temps d'excitation des parties (19,20) de la bobine et de ce fait, l'échauffement de celle-ci. Cette rapidité de coupure est particulièrement intéressante dans les disjoncteurs assurant une sélectivité de coupure.During a short-circuit current of an intensity greater than a predetermined threshold, the short-circuit current flowing through the first part (19) of the coil is sufficient to actuate the movable core (22) which transmits to the mechanism ( 31) a trigger order. During its movement, the movable core (22) also strikes the contact arm (16) to move or accelerate the movement of this contact arm (16) towards the open position of the circuit breaker. The short-circuit current flowing through the contacts (11,12) generates an electrodynamic repulsion force on these contacts which moves the contact arm (16) and causes the contacts (11,12) to separate. The arc drawn between the separate contacts (11,12) quickly switches to the electrode (27) by switching on the second part (20) of the electromagnetic trip coil (14). The insertion of additional turns increases the magnetic field generated by the current passing through the coil and the displacement force of the movable core (22). The increased impact force causes the movable contact to move rapidly, thereby cutting off the current. It is clear that the separation of the contacts (11,12) by electrodynamic repulsion is faster than the operation of the mechanism (31) during a short circuit, and that the insertion of the second part (20) of the coil by switching the arc on the electrode (27) occurs before the movement of the movable contact by the mechanism (31). The action of the mechanism (31) confirms or completes the opening of the contacts (11,12) caused initially by the electrodynamic forces of repulsion and the percussion of the mobile core (22) on the contact arm (16). The speed of breaking the current limits the time of excitation of the parts (19,20) of the coil and therefore the heating thereof. This speed is particularly advantageous in circuit breakers ensuring cut selectivity.

Il est à noter que l'accroissement de l'intensité du champ magnétique, dû à l'insertion de spires additionnelles, peut être utilisé à d'autres fins que le déplacement du noyau percuteur (22), notamment pour exercer un soufflage magnétique sur l'arc, et que l'on ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention en utilisant une première partie (19) de bobine n'ayant aucune spire, le déplacement du noyau mobile (22) étant dans ce cas engendré lors de l'excitation de la deuxième partie (20) de la bobine.It should be noted that the increase in the intensity of the magnetic field, due to the insertion of additional turns, can be used for other purposes than the displacement of the striker core (22), in particular to exert a magnetic blowing on the arc, and that it would not go beyond the scope of the invention using a first part (19) of a coil having no turn, the displacement of the movable core (22) being in this case generated during the excitation of the second part (20) of the coil.

L'invention est bien entendu nullement limitée au mode de mise en oeuvre plus particulièrement décrit.The invention is of course in no way limited to the embodiment more particularly described.

Claims (7)

Disjoncteur électrique basse tension ayant une paire de contacts (11,12) dont l'un (11) est mobile, un ressort (18) de pression de contact sollicitant le contact mobile (11) en position de fermeture, un mécanisme (31) de commande d'ouverture et de fermeture du disjoncteur actionné par une manette (32), et un déclencheur électromagnétique (14) comprenant une bobine (19,20) connectée électriquement en série des contacts (11,12) et une armature mobile (22) actionnée lorsque le courant parcourant la bobine dépasse un seuil prédéterminé et agencée pour d'une part déclencher ledit mécanisme (31) et provoquer ainsi l'ouverture du disjoncteur, et d'autre part pour agir par percussion sur l'équipage du contact mobile (11) et déplacer ce dernier rapidement en position d'ouverture, caractérisé en ce que ladite bobine est subdivisée en une première (19) et une deuxième (20) partie connectées en série, par un point de connexion (21) relié à l'un desdits contacts (11,12), de façon à ce que le courant passant par les contacts fermés parcourt uniquement la première partie (19) de la bobine, que le nombre de spires de cette première partie (19) est suffisamment faible pour éviter un échauffement excessif lorsqu'elle est parcourue par le courant nominal, et que la deuxième partie (20) de la bobine est connectée à une électrode (27) disposée dans la zone de déplacement de l'arc, tiré lors de la séparation des contacts (11,12), de façon à capter l'arc et à commuter le courant dans la première (19) et dans la deuxième (20) partie de la bobine pour accroître la force de déplacement de l'armature mobile (22) et/ou la force de percussion du contact mobile (11).Low voltage electric circuit breaker having a pair of contacts (11,12) one of which (11) is movable, a contact pressure spring (18) urging the movable contact (11) in the closed position, a mechanism (31) for opening and closing control of the circuit breaker actuated by a handle (32), and an electromagnetic trip device (14) comprising a coil (19,20) electrically connected in series with the contacts (11,12) and a movable armature (22 ) actuated when the current flowing through the coil exceeds a predetermined threshold and arranged to firstly trigger said mechanism (31) and thus cause the opening of the circuit breaker, and secondly to act by percussion on the moving contact assembly (11) and move the latter quickly to the open position, characterized in that said coil is subdivided into a first (19) and a second (20) part connected in series, by a connection point (21) connected to the 'one of said contacts (11,12), so that the current passing through the closed contacts flows only through the first part (19) of the coil, that the number of turns of this first part (19) is low enough to avoid excessive heating when it is traversed by the nominal current, and that the second part (20) of the coil is connected to an electrode (27) arranged in the zone of displacement of the arc, drawn during the separation of the contacts (11,12), so as to sensing the arc and switching the current in the first (19) and in the second (20) part of the coil to increase the displacement force of the movable armature (22) and / or the percussion force of the movable contact (11). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de spires de ladite première (19) partie de la bobine est suffisant pour provoquer le déclenchement du mécanisme (31) lorsque le courant dépasse ledit seuil prédéterminé.Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of turns of said first (19) part of the coil is sufficient to trigger the mechanism (31) when the current exceeds said predetermined threshold. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit point de connexion (21) de la bobine est relié au contact fixe (12), que l'extrémité opposée au point de connexion (21) de la deuxième partie (20) de la bobine, est connectée à ladite électrode (27) et que l'extrémité de la première partie (19) de la bobine, opposée audit point de connexion (21) est relié à une borne (25) du disjoncteur, de telle manière que la commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode engendre le passage du courant dans les deux parties de la bobine.Circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said connection point (21) of the coil is connected to the fixed contact (12), that the opposite end to the connection point (21) of the second part (20) of the coil, is connected to said electrode (27) and that the end of the first part (19) of the coil, opposite to said connection point (21) is connected to a terminal (25) of the circuit breaker, so that the switching of the arc on the electrode causes current to flow through the two parts of the coil. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1,2 ou 3, dans lequel le contact mobile (11) est disposé à l'extrémité d'un bras de contact (16), caractérisé en ce que ladite électrode (27) s'étend à proximité de ladite extrémité du bras (16), sensiblement parallèlement à la trajectoire initiale de déplacement de cette extrémité lors de l'ouverture pour réaliser une commutation rapide de l'arc sur l'électrode (27) et la mise en circuit de la première (19) et de la deuxième (20) partie de la bobine.A circuit breaker according to claim 1,2 or 3, in which the movable contact (11) is arranged at the end of a contact arm (16), characterized in that said electrode (27) extends in proximity to said end of the arm (16), substantially parallel to the initial path of movement of this end during opening to achieve rapid switching of the arc on the electrode (27) and the switching on of the first (19) and the second (20) part of the coil. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1,2,3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite armature mobile comprend un noyau (22) coulissant à l'intérieur de ladite bobine et que ledit noyau est solidaire d'un percuteur (23) venant frapper le contact mobile (11).Circuit breaker according to claim 1,2,3 or 4, characterized in that said movable armature comprises a core (22) sliding inside said coil and that said core is integral with a striker (23) striking the contact mobile (11). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1,2,3,4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits contacts (11,12) définissent une trajectoire en boucle du courant engendrant des forces de répulsion électrodynamiques qui déplacent le contact mobile (11) en direction de séparation à l'encontre du ressort (18) de pression de contact lorsque le courant parcourant les contacts dépasse un seuil donné.Circuit breaker according to claim 1,2,3,4 or 5, characterized in that said contacts (11,12) define a loop path of the current generating electrodynamic repulsion forces which move the movable contact (11) in the direction of separation against the contact pressure spring (18) when the current flowing through the contacts exceeds a given threshold. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la séparation des contacts (11,12) intervient avant le déclenchement du mécanisme d'ouverture (31) des contacts.Circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that the separation of the contacts (11,12) occurs before the opening mechanism (31) of the contacts is triggered.
EP19920420350 1991-10-10 1992-10-05 Electric circuit breaker with insertion of extra-turns in the magnetic trip mechanism winding Expired - Lifetime EP0537090B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9112602A FR2682533B1 (en) 1991-10-10 1991-10-10 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH INSERTION OF MAGNETIC TRIGGER SPIERS.
FR9112602 1991-10-10

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EP0537090A1 true EP0537090A1 (en) 1993-04-14
EP0537090B1 EP0537090B1 (en) 1995-12-13

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DE (1) DE69206749T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2083131T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2682533B1 (en)

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EP1111750A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-27 Schneider Electric Industries SA Protective device for electrical faults
DE10126852A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-12 Siemens Ag Switching device with electromagnetic trigger has movable contact part that interacts with magnetic element whose magnetic field interacts with triggering coil magnetic field
CN1298003C (en) * 2004-05-25 2007-01-31 Tcl国际电工(无锡)有限公司 Small circuit breaker
CN101178994B (en) * 2006-11-10 2011-06-15 河村电器产业株式会社 Circuit breaker
CN102163523A (en) * 2011-03-16 2011-08-24 温州市新蓝天电器有限公司 Tripping and shunting mechanism of circuit breaker
CN104681369A (en) * 2015-02-10 2015-06-03 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 Electronic leakage protection switch tripping device
CN104781902A (en) * 2012-12-03 2015-07-15 施耐德电器工业公司 Actuator with a thermomagnetic shunt, especially for triggering a circuit breaker

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CN101656180B (en) * 2008-08-18 2012-08-22 湖北盛佳电器设备有限公司 Electromagnetic short circuit protection breaker
EP3279919A1 (en) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-07 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Two-segment magnetic trip mechanism and backup protector comprising such a mechanism
CN107680888A (en) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-09 施耐德电器工业公司 Two-part magnetic tripping mechanism and the back-up protection device including the mechanism

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EP0027404A1 (en) * 1979-10-16 1981-04-22 Merlin Gerin Miniature electric circuit breaker in moulded case
FR2605454A1 (en) * 1986-10-20 1988-04-22 Merlin Gerin Control mechanism for a miniature electric circuit breaker with automatic reset
EP0335774A1 (en) * 1988-03-30 1989-10-04 Hager Electro S.A. Tripping magnet for a circuit breaker

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DE402105C (en) * 1923-03-16 1924-09-16 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges Electromagnetic overcurrent switch
EP0027404A1 (en) * 1979-10-16 1981-04-22 Merlin Gerin Miniature electric circuit breaker in moulded case
FR2605454A1 (en) * 1986-10-20 1988-04-22 Merlin Gerin Control mechanism for a miniature electric circuit breaker with automatic reset
EP0335774A1 (en) * 1988-03-30 1989-10-04 Hager Electro S.A. Tripping magnet for a circuit breaker

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1111750A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-27 Schneider Electric Industries SA Protective device for electrical faults
FR2803086A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-29 Schneider Electric Ind Sa ELECTRIC FAULT PROTECTION DEVICE
CN1322648C (en) * 1999-12-22 2007-06-20 施耐德电器工业公司 Protector for electric faults
DE10126852A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-12 Siemens Ag Switching device with electromagnetic trigger has movable contact part that interacts with magnetic element whose magnetic field interacts with triggering coil magnetic field
DE10126852B4 (en) * 2001-06-01 2005-02-03 Siemens Ag Switching device with an electromagnetic tripping device
CN1298003C (en) * 2004-05-25 2007-01-31 Tcl国际电工(无锡)有限公司 Small circuit breaker
CN101178994B (en) * 2006-11-10 2011-06-15 河村电器产业株式会社 Circuit breaker
CN102163523A (en) * 2011-03-16 2011-08-24 温州市新蓝天电器有限公司 Tripping and shunting mechanism of circuit breaker
CN102163523B (en) * 2011-03-16 2013-04-03 温州市新蓝天电器有限公司 Tripping and shunting mechanism of circuit breaker
CN104781902A (en) * 2012-12-03 2015-07-15 施耐德电器工业公司 Actuator with a thermomagnetic shunt, especially for triggering a circuit breaker
CN104681369A (en) * 2015-02-10 2015-06-03 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 Electronic leakage protection switch tripping device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0537090B1 (en) 1995-12-13
DE69206749T2 (en) 1996-07-04
FR2682533B1 (en) 1993-11-26
ES2083131T3 (en) 1996-04-01
DE69206749D1 (en) 1996-01-25
FR2682533A1 (en) 1993-04-16

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