EP0536134A1 - Refroidisseur de gaz pour le transfert de chaleur par rayonnement. - Google Patents

Refroidisseur de gaz pour le transfert de chaleur par rayonnement.

Info

Publication number
EP0536134A1
EP0536134A1 EP91902187A EP91902187A EP0536134A1 EP 0536134 A1 EP0536134 A1 EP 0536134A1 EP 91902187 A EP91902187 A EP 91902187A EP 91902187 A EP91902187 A EP 91902187A EP 0536134 A1 EP0536134 A1 EP 0536134A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
gas
exchange element
section
vessel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91902187A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0536134B1 (fr
Inventor
Knud Erik Bendixen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Burmeister and Wain Energy AS
Original Assignee
Burmeister and Wain Energy AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Burmeister and Wain Energy AS filed Critical Burmeister and Wain Energy AS
Publication of EP0536134A1 publication Critical patent/EP0536134A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0536134B1 publication Critical patent/EP0536134B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
    • F22B1/1846—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations the hot gas being loaded with particles, e.g. waste heat boilers after a coal gasification plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0041—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having parts touching each other or tubes assembled in panel form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having bent portions or being assembled from bent tubes or being tubes having a toroidal configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas cooler for cooling a flow of gas, mainly by radiation, in particular for cooling gas directly downstream of a gasification reactor for the gasification of solids, said gas cooler comprising an oblong vertically positioned circular-cylindrical pressure vessel with an upper inlet for gas and ash and an outlet for cooled gas in the vicinity of top of the vessel, a lower discharge for slag and in the vessel a heat exchange element with heat exchange surfaces extending substantially throughout the length of the vessel and being composed of tubes for carrying water and steam under high pressure, said heat exchange element including a first hollow, vertical circular section open at the ends and which is coaxial with the pressure vessel, and a second similar section located within the first section coaxially therewith, thereby defining a first central gas passage through which the gas from the gas inlet is allowed to flow vertically downwards, and a second gas passage between the lower open ends of the second and the first section and in which the direction of the gas flow is reversed by 180°, and a third gas passage formed by the interspace between
  • the gas discharging from such a gas reactor may have a pressure of about 30 bar and a temperature of 1400°C or more, and the gas generally entrains liquid ash.
  • the gas is being cooled to about 200°C in several steps.
  • the initial cooling is effected by means of a radiation cooler of the above mentioned type.
  • gas coolers of this type it is aimed at cooling the entrained liquid ash so much that it solidifies before the gas leaves the cooler and, if possible, before the gas reaches the bottom of the vessel.
  • the gas passage has vertical walls, so that the slag does not deposit on said walls but is by gravity carried towards the bottom of the vessel where a water bath is generally arranged for cooling possible unsolidified ash particles.
  • a discharge device for batchwise removal of the slag while maintaining the pressure in the vessel.
  • step with the falling gas temperature a comparatively larger heat transfer area is required in order to cool the gas and the ash particles before reaching the bottom of the vessel and in prior art gas coolers this area is obtained by increasing the length of the heat exchange element and thus the length of the vessel until obtaining the necessary heat exchange area.
  • Such long vessels suffer from the drawback that they are expensive and difficult to build and transport in a horizontal position, partly due to the length proper of the vessel but also because stiffeners and supports intended to carry the heat exchange element when the vessel is vertical have no effect when the vessel is horizontal and it is therefore necessary to install supplementary stiffeners in order to carry the heat exchange element in the last mentioned position.
  • a gas cooler of the above mentioned type is known from US patent No. 4 493 291.
  • the gas cooler according to the invention differs from the prior art gas cooler in that it comprises a second heat exchange element centrally positioned in the lowermost portion of the first passage and a third heat exchanger element positioned in the uppermost portion of the third passage, that the second and the third heat exchanger elements are divided into separate, vertical, plane panels and that the tubes constituting the second heat exchanger element conx Jiue directly in the tubes constituting the third heat exchange element.
  • the liquid ash may be cooled so strongly that it solidifies prior to separation from the gas flow and the third heat exchanger element provides for obtaining a strong increase of the heat transfer area in the area of the cooler where the gas temperature is lowest and where the heat is par- tially transferred by convection.
  • Heat exchange surfaces that are smooth and impede the collection of slag particles and which further present a comparatively small resistance to the passage of gas are obtained by designing the third heat exchange element as separate, plane, vertical panels.
  • the two-phase flow of water and steam through the tubes may continue directly from one heat exchange element to the next one without being disturbed by flowing through conventional headers at the outlet from one heat exchange element and at the inlet for the following heat exchange element, respectively.
  • the two-phase flow is very sensitive to changes in resistance and direction in the piping system, since such changes easily cause a separation of the flow in its two phases, resulting in a substantially reduced heat transfer and when the separated phases are united in a header this may give rise to water hammering and cavitation in the pipe system.
  • the piping according to the invention further provides for reducing the flow resistance on the gas side as well as on the coolant side.
  • the tubes connecting the second heat exchange element with the third exchange element pass between the tubes in the second section and are firmly connected therewith.
  • the continuous tubes act in this way as suspensions for the second heat exchange element, thereby providing a supplementary stiffening.
  • a second embodiment is characterized in that the tubes forming the heat exchange surfaces extend mainly vertically and are preferably welded together to form membrane walls. These measures provide for obtaining heat exchange surfaces on which slag partides do not collect.
  • a further embodiment is characterized in that the first and/or the second section at the bottom is/are provided with inlet tubes which in the second gas passage constitute a screen for slag particles.
  • inlet tubes which in the second gas passage constitute a screen for slag particles.
  • the panels of the second heat exchange element may have a radially outer edge firmly connected with the heat exchange sur face of the second section and the panels of the third heat exchange element may each be firmly connected with heat exchange surfaces in the first and the second section. This provides for obtaining an advantageous mutual stiffening between the heat exchange surfaces that is effective in the vertical position as well as in the horizontal position of the vessel.
  • first section, the second section and the third heat exchange element may at the top be connected with a common discharge header for water and steam and the header may be supported in the top portion of the vessel and may itself carry the total weight of all three heat exchange elements.
  • the common discharge header may be suspended in the end plate or may for instance be supported by seats fastened by welding at the top of the shell.
  • Fig. 1 is a somewhat schematic, longitudinal section along line I-I in Fig. 2 of a radiation cooler according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a section along line II-II in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the upper portion of a second embodiment of the radiation cooler
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-section as in Fig. 3 of a third embodiment of the radiation cooler.
  • the radiation cooler illustrated in Fig. 1 consists of an oblong, circular-cylindrical pressure vessel 1 with a shell 2 and provided at the top and at the bottom with end plates 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the upper end plate 3 includes a pipe stub 5 to be connected with a conduit, not shown, for the supply of hot gas to the radiation cooler.
  • the end plate 3 has an internal, thermal insulation 6 to protect against the heat impact from the gas and the corrosive action from molten ash entrained with the gas.
  • a cooling coil 7 is inserted therein.
  • the shell accommodates a pipe stub 8 for the discharge of cooled gas from the radiation cooler.
  • the lowermost end plate 4 is provided with a pipe stub 9 to be connected with a device, not shown, for the removal of cooled slag from the bottom 4 of the vessel while keeping vessel 1 under pressure.
  • a first heat exchanger element having a first section 10 designed as a circular-cylindrical tube open at either end and whose tubular wall is a membrane wall with vertically extending tubes is accommodated within the vessel and coaxially therewith.
  • Section 10 is spaced apart from the shell 2 but is located close thereto.
  • a second section 11 of the heat exchange element is structured in the same manner as section 10 but has a smaller diameter and is accommodated within section 10 coaxially with the vessel.
  • Section 11 extends from the same level at the top of the vessel as section 10 but is somewhat shorter than section 10.
  • a first central gas passage 12 is provided which is defined by the inside face of section 11, a second gas passage 13 formed by the vessel space between the lowermost open ends of sections 10 and 11 and a third gas passage 14 constituted by the interspace between sections 10 and 11.
  • a second heat exchanger element 15 substantially structured as panels 15a of vertical membrane walls arranged in planes containing the vessel axis and the radial outer edges of which are secured to the membrane walls of section 11. The lowermost end of the heat exchange element 15 is located on a level flush with the lowermost open end of section 11.
  • the tubes constituting the membrane walls extend obliquely upwards and out through the membrane walls of section 11, following which they continue upwards through gas passage 14, forming there a third heat exchange element 16 terminating on a level below the gas outlet pipe stub 8.
  • the heat exchange element 16 is formed by several vertical panels 16a each of which is manufactured as a membrane wall with vertically extending tubes.
  • the first and the second heat exchange element 15 has at the bottom a inlet header for coolant.
  • the coolant passes directly from the heat exchange element 15 to the heat exchange element 16 without flowing at first through a discharge header and an inlet header for the heat exchange elements 15 and 16, respectively.
  • the heat exchange elements have a common discharge header 20 for coolant.
  • the discharge header 20 is by means of the outlet tubes suspended at the end plate 3, and the total weight of all of the heat exchange elements is thus carried by the discharge header.
  • the inlet header includes guides, not shown, limiting the radial movement of the heat exchange elements, but allowing the heat exchange elements to move freely in the longitudinal direction of the vessel under the influence of the prevailing temperature and pressure conditions.
  • the tubes continue from the membrane walls of the second heat exchange element 15 through the membrane walls of the second section 11. This is done by interlacing the tubes from the two heat exchange surfaces in a known manner. In the area of interlacing the tubes from the two heat exchange surfaces are further welded together, thereby ensuring a good support and stiffening of the upper end of the second heat exchange element 15 as well as of the lower end of the third heat exchange element 16.
  • the first heat exchanger is structured substantially as mentioned in the description of Fig. 1 but the third heat exchange element 16 is in this figure shown as panels of vertical membrane walls tangentially disposed in the third gas passage 14.
  • the vertically extending membrabne walls of the third heat exchange element 16 are firmly connected with the membrane walls of the first and second heat exchange elements. This offers an additional mutual stiffening of the first, the second and the third heat exchange element in the uppermost section of the vessel.
  • the radiation cooler according to the invention operates in the following manner. Hot gas from a gasification reactor flows through pipe stub 5 at a temperature in the range of 1400oC or more, and further down through the first central gas passage 12. In this first area a very strong heat transfer takes places mainly due to radiation. In the following part of the gas passage 12 the gas is further cooled upon sweeping down along the second heat exchanger element. The temperature of the gas and the entrained liquid ash is thereby lowered so much that at least the finer ash particles have completely solidified upon reaching the second gas passage 13. Due to the inertia and by gravity bigger molten ash particles continue directly down towards the bottom 4 of the vessel, a water bath being arranged there for cooling the ash particles.
  • the collected slag may be discharged through pipe stub 9 by means of a sluice arrangement while keeping the vessel under pressure. While the gas is flowing through the gas passage 13 the direction of the gas flow is being reversed by 180° and the gas now flows upwards in the gas passage 14 while being still cooled. The gas temperature will gradually fall so much that the heat transfer to the heat exchanger elements, in particular when the gas flows through the third heat exchange element, substantially takes place by convection. The gas leaves the cooler through pipe stub 8 at the top portion of the third heat exchange element.
  • mechanical vibration means may be positioned at the inlet header 23, because the side guides for the heat exchange elements here allow some movement of said elements, thereby allowing the vibration means to work with a particularly high efficiency.
  • the side guides for the heat exchange elements here allow some movement of said elements, thereby allowing the vibration means to work with a particularly high efficiency.
  • soot blowers for cleaning the vertical ducts between the vertical membrane walls of the fourth heat exchange element because the effect of the vibration means in this area will be lower due to the stiffer structure in the area.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Le refroidisseur de gaz à rayonnement décrit comprend un récipient sous pression disposé verticalement et de forme oblongue (1) comportant un élément d'échange thermique contenant deux sections (10, 11) qui forment un passage de gaz central (12) et un passage de gaz périphérique (14). Pour le refroidissement ultérieur des gaz et du laitier sont prévus un deuxième élément d'échange thermique central (15), placé dans la partie inférieure du passage de gaz central (12), et un troisième élément d'échange thermique (16) placé dans la partie supérieure du passage de gaz périphérique (13). Les tubes partant du deuxième élément d'échange thermique (15) se rejoignent directement dans les tubes formant le troisième élément d'échange thermique (16) et les deux éléments d'échange thermique sont divisés en panneaux à plan vertical (15a, 16a). Les tubes formant les surfaces d'échange thermique (10, 11, 15a, 16a) s'étendent verticalement et sont soudés ensemble pour former des parois à membranes. Les éléments d'échange thermique sont tenus par un collecteur de décharge commun (20) situé au sommet du récipient, ce qui permet d'éviter toute rigidification interne supplémentaire pendant le transport du récipient dans une position verticale et pendant son fonctionnement dans une position verticale, tout en facilitant également le démontage de tous les éléments d'échange thermique en une seule unité lors des travaux de remise en état.
EP91902187A 1990-01-05 1991-01-04 Refroidisseur de gaz pour le transfert de chaleur par rayonnement Expired - Lifetime EP0536134B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK2290A DK164245C (da) 1990-01-05 1990-01-05 Gaskoeler for varmeovergang ved straaling
DK22/90 1990-01-05
PCT/DK1991/000001 WO1991010106A1 (fr) 1990-01-05 1991-01-04 Refroidisseur de gaz pour le transfert de chaleur par rayonnement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0536134A1 true EP0536134A1 (fr) 1993-04-14
EP0536134B1 EP0536134B1 (fr) 1994-07-13

Family

ID=8088857

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91902187A Expired - Lifetime EP0536134B1 (fr) 1990-01-05 1991-01-04 Refroidisseur de gaz pour le transfert de chaleur par rayonnement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0536134B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69102878T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK164245C (fr)
ES (1) ES2057858T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991010106A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009042274A1 (fr) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-02 General Electric Company Dispositifs de refroidissement radiant et procédés d'assemblage de ceux-ci

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7587995B2 (en) * 2005-11-03 2009-09-15 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Radiant syngas cooler
US8684070B2 (en) * 2006-08-15 2014-04-01 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Compact radial platen arrangement for radiant syngas cooler
US8959769B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2015-02-24 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for heat recovery within a syngas cooler
US8240366B2 (en) * 2007-08-07 2012-08-14 General Electric Company Radiant coolers and methods for assembling same
US8191617B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2012-06-05 General Electric Company Syngas cooler and cooling tube for use in a syngas cooler
US20090130001A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 General Electric Company Methods for fabricating syngas cooler platens and syngas cooler platens
DE102009034867A1 (de) * 2009-07-27 2011-02-03 Uhde Gmbh Vergasungsreaktor
DE102009039749A1 (de) * 2009-09-02 2011-03-10 Uhde Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Synthesegas
US8769964B2 (en) * 2010-01-05 2014-07-08 General Electric Company System and method for cooling syngas produced from a gasifier
US9109171B2 (en) 2013-11-15 2015-08-18 General Electric Company System and method for gasification and cooling syngas

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DE2933514C2 (de) * 1979-08-18 1987-02-12 MAN Gutehoffnungshütte GmbH, 4200 Oberhausen Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von durch Kohlevergasung erzeugtem Synthesegas
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DE3208421A1 (de) * 1982-03-09 1983-09-15 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Ag, 4200 Oberhausen Vorrichtung zum kuehlen eines in einem vergaser erzeugten gases
NL187177C (nl) * 1982-07-12 1991-06-17 Stork Ketel & App Vertikale stralingsketel.
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DD227980A1 (de) * 1984-10-29 1985-10-02 Freiberg Brennstoffinst Apparat fuer die vergasung von kohlenstaub
DE3538515A1 (de) * 1985-10-30 1987-05-07 Babcock Werke Ag Vorrichtung zum kuehlen von heissen, staubbeladenen gasen
DE3737359A1 (de) * 1987-11-04 1989-05-18 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Abhitzekessel zur kuehlung von partialoxidationsrohgas
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009042274A1 (fr) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-02 General Electric Company Dispositifs de refroidissement radiant et procédés d'assemblage de ceux-ci

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1991010106A1 (fr) 1991-07-11
DE69102878D1 (de) 1994-08-18
DE69102878T2 (de) 1995-02-16
DK2290D0 (da) 1990-01-05
ES2057858T3 (es) 1994-10-16
EP0536134B1 (fr) 1994-07-13
DK164245B (da) 1992-05-25
DK164245C (da) 1992-10-26
DK2290A (da) 1991-07-06

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