EP0532901B1 - Methode und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von festen Brennstoffen, enthaltend schmelzbare nicht-brennbare Materien - Google Patents

Methode und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von festen Brennstoffen, enthaltend schmelzbare nicht-brennbare Materien Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0532901B1
EP0532901B1 EP92113622A EP92113622A EP0532901B1 EP 0532901 B1 EP0532901 B1 EP 0532901B1 EP 92113622 A EP92113622 A EP 92113622A EP 92113622 A EP92113622 A EP 92113622A EP 0532901 B1 EP0532901 B1 EP 0532901B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasification
silo
furnace
charging silo
zone
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EP92113622A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0532901A1 (de
Inventor
Gino Tomadini
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Sas Gino Tomadini & C
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Sas Gino Tomadini & C
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/80—Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a method to gasify solid fuels containing non-combustible meltable materials and concerns also a gasification plant which employs such method, as set forth in the respective main claims.
  • the invention concerns a method for the intensified gasification of solid fuels that is suitable to produce fuel gas with working systems which are less polluting for the exterior environment and provide a greater yield from the point of view of output.
  • the gasification method according to the invention enables solid fuels to be gasified which contain non-combustible meltable materials, such as glass and metals for instance, at the same time preventing the formation of lumps of such meltable materials which might cause blockage of the gasification plant itself.
  • the method concerns in particular, but not only, the gasification of solid urban wastes and, in general, the gasification of solid low-cost products such as wood wastes, wood chips, solid combustible wastes of an industrial origin, biomasses of an agricultural origin, tyres, peat, lignite, coal and other materials.
  • the state of the art covers a plurality of methods and apparatuses to produce gas from solid fuels. Among such methods can be listed applications in the fields of road transport, heating and lighting and the incineration and disposal of solid urban wastes.
  • dioxin may be present as a harmful substance produced by combustion.
  • US-A-4,175,929 discloses a process to gasify coal whereby in a step after the gasification all the polluting substances contained in the gas so produced are substantially eliminated.
  • the gas from the gasification plant is passed through scrubbing and condensation steps in which the gas is purified.
  • DE-A-3.523.765 discloses a method and device to gasify carbonous material, whereby the gas, distilled in a traditional manner by partial combustion of the solid fuel, is delivered to an oxidation zone free of solid materials and is burned there almost completely.
  • FR-A-7.830.787 concerns a method and device to produce gas from wood by using the combined principle of production of gas by a gasification plant and of water gas, by means of air, of water vapour and tar vapour.
  • WO-A-8.002.563 discloses a method for the complete gasification of carbonous material by means of forced pyrolysis, whereas WO-A-8.100.112 describes a process and plant to gasify solid fuels whereby the gasification is performed in three separate stages.
  • DE-A-3.327.203 discloses a method and apparatus to gasify solid wastes whereby the gas leaving the distillation zone as a distilled gas with water vapour is sent back to the melting zone to be burnt at least partly.
  • IT-A-83.352 discloses a method and device to gasify solid fuels whereby the gases of pyrolysis and the distillation products which form in the gasification step are taken up to be wholly or partly pre-combusted before being sent for complete combustion in the actual combustion zone.
  • EP-A-0433547 discloses a method and apparatus to gasify solid wastes by the simultaneous application of direct flame and inverted flame to the solid fuel.
  • EP-A-0055440 discloses the introduction of materials from above into a charging silo and a substantially vertical descent of the materials therefrom to a furnace; it also provides for the gases in the furnace to lap the charging silo before reaching their outlet.
  • US-A-4,306,506 discloses the introduction of materials from above into a charging silo and a substantially vertical descent of the materials therefrom to a furnace; it discloses also the recovery of the gases in the upper part of the silo and the injection of the gases at the base of the silo after they have been mixed with air drawn from the exterior.
  • US-A-4,309,195 discloses the introduction of materials from above into a charging silo and a substantially vertical descent of the materials therefrom to a furnace; it discloses also that the gases in the furnace, before reaching their outlet, lap the charging silo; it arranges also the recovery of the gases in the upper part of the silo and the injection of the gases at the base of the silo after they have been mixed with air drawn from the exterior.
  • the temperature near the inlets of air with oxidizing flame may reach 1500°-1600°C, whereas in the reducing flame zones far from the air inlets the temperature may go down to 500°-600°C.
  • the non-combustible meltable material passes from high temperature zones in which it melts to lower temperature zones in which it solidifies, thus forming lumps which cause jamming and the resulting blockage of the regular flow of the solid material to be gasified.
  • the method to gasify solid fuels according to the invention makes use of the recovery of heat contained in the combustible gases produced by the gasification plant so as to heat the solid fuels and to gasify the volatile parts of the same while these solid fuels are still held in the charging silo of the gasification plant.
  • the gasification method according to the invention gives precedence to the recovery of heat to be recycled in the process and to the reduction of non-productive absorption of heat during the process, so as to obtain not only a greater yield of energy but also a gas possessing greater calorific power per cu.metre.
  • the method of gasifying solid fuels according to the invention performs an action of evaporation and distillation of the volatile parts contained in the solid fuels while the latter are still in the charging silo of the gasification plant.
  • the gas thus produced is also better owing to the greater quantity it contains of unburnt or pyrolysed distillates or distillates subjected to cracking.
  • a part of the sensible heat contained in the hot gas produced by the gasification is removed advantageously by a liquid, such as oil, or water, or steam, which circulates in an appropriate circuit or Perkin's type tubes.
  • This liquid circulates advantageously in an interspace machined in the outer sidewall surrounding and delimiting the chamber for separation of the hot gases generated by gasification of the solid fuel and removes heat.
  • the liquid thus heated circulates in an endless circuit and has the task of heating the distillation gases which are recirculated in the mass of solid fuel held in the charging silo.
  • the heat thus removed from the gas produced by the gasification is employed to heat and dry beforehand the solid fuels held in the charging silo of the gasification plant and causes the evaporation of the volatile parts of those fuels and thus generates distilled gases which are recirculated intensely within the charging silo.
  • any excessive heat of the liquid being circulated can also be employed not only to pre-heat the combustion-supporting air but also to dry beforehand any solid fuel containing excessive humidity before that fuel enters the gasification plant.
  • Such excessive heat can also be employed for other uses such as heating the environment, heating other liquids, etc. or else can be dispersed to the exterior environment with the help of heat exchangers operating by air and/or a liquid.
  • the hot gas produced by the gasification is brought indirectly into contact with the solid fuel material.
  • the gas produced by the combustion is delivered into an interspace which surrounds fully the outer sidewall of the charging silo before being sent to usage means.
  • the gas produced is sent from this interspace to the usage means connected to the gasification plant.
  • the distilled gas thus obtained is conveyed and redistributed continuously in the mass of solid fuel contained in the charging silo by means of fans; this circulation of distilled gases may reach as much as 10-20 thousand cu.metres per hour per tonne per hour of solid gasified fuel.
  • the silo is equipped with a suitable fan, which recirculates continuously within the silo the gaseous fluid generated therein by means of ducts or interspaces.
  • the temperature of the solid fuel rises to a greater extent and more evenly than in the traditional methods and causes the volatile parts of the fuel to evaporate and distil and carbonizes or cokes the carbonous part of the fuel.
  • this part too of the gas coming from the distillation undergoes a pyrolysis or cracking action, the effects of which can be modulated by regulating the quantity of air immitted into the gasification plant.
  • the gasification plants have to be equipped with safety devices able to prevent the explosion of the plant itself when an explosive mixture of air and gas is formed within the plant itself.
  • the aspiration pipes of the combustion-supporting air in the apparatus employing the gasification method according to the invention are equipped with non-return valves which, besides preventing the exit of gas from the gasification plant, permit the mixture of gas and air to flare up without bringing the gasification plant under pressure or indeed causing it to explode.
  • the gasification plant according to the invention is suitable to gasify solid fuels containing non-combustible meltable materials such as glass or metals.
  • This purpose is achieved by creating within the gasification plant a zone having at all times a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the non-combustible meltable materials.
  • This higher temperature zone is advantageously inclined so as to collect these molten materials and take them in the molten state to the discharge outlet located in the lower part of the gasification plant.
  • the higher temperature can be maintained in the zone of the melting and sliding of these molten materials by means of the introduction of solid fuel possessing a greater calorific power.
  • the plant to gasify solid fuels containing meltable materials is not of an intensified type, and the internal recovery of heat and the prior gasification of the volatile parts of the solid fuel are independent from the melting of such materials.
  • the reference number 10 indicates generally a gasification plant employing the method according to this invention.
  • the gasification plant 10 consists substantially of a charging silo 11, a furnace 12 and a chamber 13 for separation of powders.
  • the gasification plant 10 shown in the figures is of a type with a quadrangular cross section, but the considerations cited in the following description are valid also for gasification plants 10 having a circular cross section or any other desired shape.
  • the solid fuel is fed from above to the charging silo 11 by means of a hopper 23 cooperating with a worm 24, both of which are positioned higher than the charging silo 11.
  • a star-shaped rotary valve 25 is fitted in this case to control the outlet of the hopper 23.
  • the gas produced by the gasification is collected in the powders separation chamber 13 positioned so as to surround the lower part of the furnace 12 of the gasification plant 10.
  • the powders separation chamber 13 is surrounded on its outside by an interspace 14, in which a cooling liquid, advantageously oil, circulates so as to cool the hot gas produced and to heat the solid fuel held in the charging silo 11.
  • a cooling liquid advantageously oil
  • the gas produced by the gasification and leaving the lower end zones 15 and 16 of the furnace 12 enters the powders separation chamber 13 and undergoes a first cooling by the oil circulating in the oil circulation interspace 14.
  • the partly cooled gas is conveyed through flues 46 into an interspace 17, which surrounds fully and delimits the charging silo 11 and serves for the circulation of the gas.
  • the gas is further cooled and releases heat through the inner sidewall of the gas circulation interspace 17 to the fuel material held in the charging silo 11.
  • the interspace 17 is equipped with an outlet duct 47 through which the gas produced is delivered to various usage means.
  • the charging silo 11 there are in the upper part of the charging silo 11 means 18 to recirculate the distilled gas, which consist, for instance, of a plurality of centrifugal fans that aspirate the evaporated and distilled gases contained in the upper portion of the charging silo 11 above the solid fuel: these fans 18 inject these gases downwards into the mass of solid fuel through ducts 19 which convey the distilled gases.
  • the distilled gas consist, for instance, of a plurality of centrifugal fans that aspirate the evaporated and distilled gases contained in the upper portion of the charging silo 11 above the solid fuel: these fans 18 inject these gases downwards into the mass of solid fuel through ducts 19 which convey the distilled gases.
  • the distilled gas conveyor ducts 19 may be included in various numbers and be arranged peripherally about the charging silo 11.
  • the charging silo 11 has a quadrangular cross section and the conveyor ducts 19 are four in number and are positioned in the corners of the charging silo 11.
  • the distilled gas conveyor ducts 19 include in their lower part a terminal segment 22 consisting of perforated sheet so as to provide more openings for passage of the distilled heating gases, which rise from below to the top of the charging silo 11, thus passing through the mass of solid fuel contained therein and being aspirated by the recirculation means 18.
  • the distilled gases recirculated within the combustible mass in the charging silo 11 have the purpose also of displacing the solid fuel fed to the furnace 12 and of preventing that fuel becoming aggregated together and of assisting gasification of the same.
  • the oil is circulated in appropriate radiant tubes 20 arranged at the upper inlet of the distilled gas conveyor ducts 19 and in the oil circulation interspace 21 of the same distilled gas conveyor ducts 19.
  • the outcome is an appreciable increase in the temperature of the solid fuel within the charging silo 11 so as to cause evaporation and distillation of the volatile parts, and this fact enables the carbonous part of the solid fuel to be carbonized or coked, thus increasing the overall yield of the successive gasification process carried out in a traditional manner.
  • a part of the distilled gas produced in the charging silo 11 is aspirated from the bottom portion 26 of the charging silo 11 and is conveyed in a conduit 27 to a pyrolysis zone 28 of the furnace 12.
  • this pyrolysis zone 28 of the furnace 12 is kept under a greater negative pressure, and the gas immitted therein undergoes an action of pyrolysis or cracking, which can be modulated by regulating as required the quantity of air to be introduced from the exterior.
  • valve 36 is opened to a greater extent to make possible a partial or full combustion of the part of the distilled gases re-immitted through the conduit 27 into the pyrolysis zone 28 of the furnace 12.
  • valve 36 is closed, with occurrence of cracking.
  • This regulation of the flow of combustion-supporting air can be automated by controlling the valve 36 regulating the combustion-supporting air by means of a thermal probe 38 which monitors the temperature of the gases entering the powders separation chamber 13.
  • the circuit of the cooling oil consists of a delivery tube 31, which conveys the oil from the interspace 14 surrounding the powders separation chamber 13 to an expansion vessel 32. Thence the oil, after being cooled by passing through the radiant tubes 20 and the oil circulation interspaces 21 of the distilled gases conveyor ducts 19, reaches a re-circulation pump 33 through a return pipe 34.
  • the regulation of the three-way valve 29 can be governed by a thermostat 35 fitted, in this case, to the oil circuit delivery tube 31.
  • a further recovery of energy can be achieved in a known manner by pre-heating the combustion-supporting air at the expense of the cooling oil circulating in the oil circulation interspace 14 or else by making use of the sensible heat of the produced gas leaving the gasification plant 10 through the gas discharge outlet 47 before that gas is sent to the usage means.
  • a known system 48 to collect and discharge ashes is included at the bottom of the gasification plant 10 according to the invention and consists, for instance, of a grill 49 subjected to intermittent vibration and suitable to retain the fuel and to allow the passage of the ashes to a discharge means positioned below, a worm 50 for instance.
  • Fig.4 shows a gasification plant 110 especially suitable for gasifying solid fuels containing non-combustible meltable materials.
  • This gasification plant 110 to gasify solid fuels containing non-combustible meltable materials consists substantially of a main charging silo 51, a possible secondary charging silo 52, a furnace 53 and a device 54 to collect, discharge and remove the molten material.
  • the main charging silo 51 to feed solid fuel material to be gasified is positioned vertically, whereas the underlying portion consisting of the furnace 53, which in this example has a five-sided section, comprises a channel 54 to collect molten material.
  • the channel 54 to collect molten material consists of two sidewalls 55a-55b of the furnace 53, which form between them an angle of about 60° on a horizontal plane; these sidewalls 55a-55b are kept at a high temperature to prevent solidification of the sliding molten material.
  • This collection channel 54 is sloped in relation to the vertical in such a way that it collects the molten material from the furnace 53 and enables that material to slide to a discharge outlet 59.
  • the secondary charging silo 52 is included.
  • the furnace 53 is fed by this secondary charging silo 52 as required with a charge of solid fuel having a higher calorific power.
  • the furnace 53 comprises upper 56 and lateral 57 inlets for air and also inlets 58 for hot gases produced by distillation of the volatile substances contained in the solid fuel, as indicated above in greater detail.
  • Fig.5 shows also flues 46 to covey the hot gases produced, in view of a further recovery of heat within the gasification plant 10.
  • the safety means (Fig.3) are provided by placing the aspiration intakes of the ducts 39 feeding the air above terminal outlets 40 of the ducts introducing the air, whether that air is heated or not.
  • a rotary non-return valve 41 which permits the entry of aspirated air during the working of the gasification plant 10 and prevents the entry of air and the exit of gas when the plant 10 is halted.
  • the rotary valve 41 shown in Fig.3 consists of a lid 45 hinged on a pivot 43, which is fitted to the upper part of the air aspiration duct 39.
  • the lid 45 resting by gravity on the intake of the air aspiration duct 39, prevents the entry of further air into the gasification plant 10.
  • the lid 45 in its closed position abuts against a peripherally arranged packing 42.
  • the lid 45 of the rotary valve 41 rests against two lateral sides 44, which too are hinged on the pivot 43.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Verfahren zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe, welche vorteilhafterweise feste Kommunalabfälle, Holzabfälle und Holzschnitzel, feste verbrennbare Industrieabfälle, Biomassen der Landwirtschaft, Reifen, Torf, Lignit, Kohle und analoge oder ähnliche Stoffe sind, wobei diese festen Brennstoffe einem oberen Abschnitt eines Beschickungssilos (11-51) einer Vergasungsanlage (10) zugeführt werden, von wo die Brennstoffe aus einem engeren unteren Abschnitt (26) des Silos direkt in einen vertikalen Ofen (12-53) geführt werden, in welchem die Vergasung erfolgt, und der vertikale Ofen (12) eine untere Endzone (15) besitzt, welche an eine obere Endzone (16) einer Pyrolysezone (28) angeschlossen und mit ihr verbunden ist, wobei letztere an ihrem unteren Ende ein System zum Sammeln und Ausgeben von Asche aufweist und die durch die Vergasung der festen Brennstoffe erzeugten und die Endzonen (15-16) des Ofens verlassenden heißen Gase durch eine Staubabscheidekammer (13) streichen, bevor sie durch einen den Beschickungssilo (11-51) umgebenden Zwischenraum (17) und durch einen Auslaßkanal (47) verlaufen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein Teil der freien Wärme der heißen Gase, welche durch die Vergasung der festen Brennstoffe erzeugt werden, einerseits an ein diathermisches Fluid abgegeben wird, das in einem Zirkulations- und Heizungszwischenraum (14) zirkuliert, welcher die Staubabscheidekammer (13) zumindest teilweise umgibt, und andererseits an die destillierten Gase, die durch Verdampfen der in den festen Brennstoffen in dem Beschickungssilo (11-51) enthaltenen flüchtigen Substanzen erzeugt werden, wobei das erwärmte diathermische Fluid sowohl zum Erwärmen des festen Brennstoffes innerhalb des Beschickungssilos (11-51) verwendet wird, was zur Erzeugung destillierter Gase führt, als auch zum Erwärmen der destillierten Gase, wobei die destillierten Gase zumindest teilweise in dem oberen Abschnitt des Beschickungssilos (11-51) wiederverwertet und von dem oberen Abschnitt des Beschickungssilos (11-51) zu dem unteren Abschnitt (26) des Beschickungssilos (11-51) intensiv rückgeführt werden, von wo zumindest ein Teil dieser rückgeführten destillierten Gase durch eine Leitung (27) zu einer Pyrolysezone (28) des Ofens (12-53) gesandt wird.
  2. Verfahren zum Vergasen nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem zumindest ein Teil der in dem Beschickungssilo (11-51) erzeugten und zu der Pyrolysezone (28) des Ofens (12-53) gesandten destillierten Gase mit einer von einem Thermostat (38) gesteuerten Menge von Außenluft gemischt wird.
  3. Verfahren zum Vergasen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welchem die von der unteren Endzone (15) des Ofens (12-53) und von der oberen Endzone (16) der Pyrolysezone (28) in die Staubabscheidekammer (13) gelangenden Gase die äußeren Wände der Kammer (13) und die inneren Wände des Zwischenraumes (14), in welchem das diathermische Fluid zirkuliert, überstreichen.
  4. Anlage zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe, welche vorteilhafterweise feste Kommunalabfälle, Holzabfälle und Holzschnitzel, feste verbrennbare Industrieabfälle, Biomassen der Landwirtschaft, Reifen, Torf, Lignit, Kohle und analoge oder ähnliche Stoffe sind, wobei die Vergasungsanlage (10-110) von oben nach unten einen Beschickungssilo (11-51) aufweist, der einen oberen und einen engeren unteren Abschnitt (26) besitzt, der direkt mit einem vertikalen Ofen (12-53) in Verbindung steht, der vertikale Ofen (12-53) eine untere Endzone (15) besitzt, welche an eine obere Endzone (16) einer Pyrolysezone (28) angeschlossen und mit ihr verbunden ist, welch letztere an ihrem unteren Ende ein System zum Sammeln und Ausgeben von Asche aufweist, die untere Endzone (15) des Ofens (12-53) und die obere Endzone (16) der Pyrolysezone (28) an eine Staubabscheidekammer (13) angeschlossen sind, welche mit einem Auslastkanal (47) und einem den Beschickungssilo (11-51) umgebenden Zwischenraum (17) verbunden ist, und die Anlage dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß sie aufweist:
    - Kanäle (19) zum Führen destillierter Gase, wobei die Kanäle (19) zumindest teilweise einen Zwischenraum (21) für ein diathermisches Heizfluid besitzen und die Kanäle (19) zum Führen destillierter Gase den oberen Abschnitt des Beschickungssilos (11-51) mit dem unteren Abschnitt (26) des Beschickungssilos (11-51) verbinden,
    - Kanäle (39) zum Zuführen von Luft im Zusammenwirken mit dem vertikalen Ofen (12-53),
    - einen Zwischenraum (14) für die Zirkulation und Erwärmung eines diathermischen Fluids, wobei dieser Zwischenraum (14) zumindest teilweise die Staubabscheidekammer (13) umgibt, und
    - eine Einlaß- und Förderleitung (27), welche den unteren Abschnitt (26) des Beschickungssilos (11-51) mit der Pyrolysezone (28) verbindet.
  5. Anlage zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe nach Anspruch 4, bei welcher die Kanäle (19), welche die destillierten Gase führen durch zumindest ein Gebläse (18) hoher Kapazität und Leistung unterstützt werden.
EP92113622A 1991-09-18 1992-08-10 Methode und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von festen Brennstoffen, enthaltend schmelzbare nicht-brennbare Materien Expired - Lifetime EP0532901B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUD910143A IT1252838B (it) 1991-09-18 1991-09-18 Procedimento potenziato di gassificazione per gassificatori di combustibili solidi e apparecchiatura adottante tale procedimento
ITUD910143 1991-09-18

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EP0532901A1 EP0532901A1 (de) 1993-03-24
EP0532901B1 true EP0532901B1 (de) 1995-09-20

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AT (1) ATE128175T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69204948T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0532901T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2079115T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1252838B (de)

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KR100659497B1 (ko) 2005-03-25 2006-12-20 한국에너지기술연구원 농임산폐기물의 유동층 열분해 및 가스화 장치와 그 방법

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DE4447357C2 (de) * 1994-12-20 1999-01-07 Umweltgemeinschaft Rundum Ev Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten von Altreifen durch eine chemisch-thermische Behandlung
IT1310872B1 (it) * 1999-07-06 2002-02-22 Tomadini Gino & C Gasogeno per la produzione di gas metano ed ossido di carbonio
ITTO20120856A1 (it) * 2012-10-02 2013-01-01 Giancarlo Baldi Gassificatore in continuo, in particolare per biomasse e rifiuti urbani e industriali.
DE102013017546A1 (de) * 2013-10-22 2015-04-23 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Anlage zur Vergasung von Einsatzmaterial
CZ26592U1 (cs) * 2013-12-18 2014-03-10 Tarpo Spol.S R.O. Zařízení pro vícestupňové zplyňování uhlíkatých paliv

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DE2436268A1 (de) * 1974-07-27 1976-02-12 Ernst Kirchgaessner Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen von treib- und/oder brenngasen aus minderwertigen brennstoffen
BE865649A (fr) * 1978-04-04 1978-10-04 Lambiotte & Cie Gazogene
US4306506A (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-22 Energy Recovery Research Group, Inc. Gasification apparatus
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100659497B1 (ko) 2005-03-25 2006-12-20 한국에너지기술연구원 농임산폐기물의 유동층 열분해 및 가스화 장치와 그 방법

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ITUD910143A1 (it) 1993-03-18
DK0532901T3 (da) 1995-11-13
ITUD910143A0 (it) 1991-09-18
ATE128175T1 (de) 1995-10-15
EP0532901A1 (de) 1993-03-24
DE69204948D1 (de) 1995-10-26
ES2079115T3 (es) 1996-01-01
IT1252838B (it) 1995-06-28
DE69204948T2 (de) 1996-04-25

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