Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G9/00—Developers
  • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
  • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
  • G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
  • G03G9/08782—Waxes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G9/00—Developers
  • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
  • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
  • G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
  • G03G9/09716—Inorganic compounds treated with organic compounds

Definitions

• Toner compositions with colored pigments are known.
• a colored developer comprised of a first toner comprised of certain resin particles, such as styrene butadiene, a first pigment such as copper phthalocyanine, a charge control additive, colloidal silica and metal salts of fatty acid as external surface additives, and a first carrier comprised of a steel core with, for example, a terpolymer overcoating; and a second developer comprised of a black toner, a second charge additive and a steel core carrier with certain polymeric overcoatings.
• resin particles such as styrene butadiene
• a first pigment such as copper phthalocyanine
• a charge control additive such as copper phthalocyanine
• colloidal silica and metal salts of fatty acid as external surface additives
• a first carrier comprised of a steel core with, for example, a terpolymer overcoating
• a second developer comprised of a black toner,
• Examples of colored toner pigments are illustrated in column 9, lines 10 to 26, and examples of charge additives for the toner are detailed in column 9, lines 27 to 43, of the aforementioned patent.
• For the black toner there can be selected the components as recited in columns 10 and 11, including charge additives such as distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, see column 11, lines 16 to 32. Additionally, the working Examples of this patent detail the preparation of a number of specific toners.
• a process for forming two-color images which comprises, for example, (1) charging an imaging member in an imaging apparatus; (2) creating on the member a latent image comprising areas of high, intermediate, and low potential; (3) developing the low areas of potential by conductive magnetic brush development with a developer comprising a colored first toner comprising a first resin present in an amount of from about 80 to about 98.8 percent by weight and selected from the group consisting of polyesters, styrene-butadiene polymers, styreneacrylate polymers, styrene-methacrylate polymers, and mixtures thereof; a first pigment present in an amount of from about 1 to about 15 percent by weight and selected from the group consisting of copper phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, azo pigments, rhodamine pigments, and mixtures thereof; a charge control agent present in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 5 percent by weight; colloidal silica surface external additives
• U.S. Patent 4,264,185 there is illustrated an apparatus for forming two-color images by forming a bipolar electrostatic image of a two-color original document on a photoconductive drum.
• a first developing unit applies a toner of a first color and polarity to the drum and a second developing unit applies a toner of a second color and polarity to the drum to form a two-color electrostatic image which is transferred and fixed to a copy sheet.
• a bias voltage of the first polarity is applied to the second developing unit to repel the toner of the first color and prevent degradation of the first color toner image.
• 4,308,821 wherein there is disclosed a method and apparatus for forming two-color images which employs two magnetic brushes
• 4,378,415 discloses a method of highlight color imaging which comprises providing a layered organic photoreceptor having a red sensitive layer and a short wavelength sensitive layer, subjecting the imaging member to negative charges, followed by subjecting the imaging member to positive charges, imagewise exposing the member, and developing with a colored developer composition comprising positively charged toner components, negatively charged toner components, and carrier particles
• 4,430,402 which discloses a two-component type dry developer for use in dichromatic electrophotography which comprises two kinds of developers, each of which is comprised of a toner and a carrier, and wherein dichromatic images can be formed by developing a positively and negatively electrified electrostatic latent image successively with toners different in polarity and color from each other
• 4,594,302 which discloses a developing process for two-colored electrophotography which comprises charging the surface of a photo
• This patent discloses a method of creating two-colored images by forming on an imaging surface a charge pattern including an area of first charge as a background area, a second area of greater voltage than the first area, and a third area of lesser voltage than the first area with the second and third areas functioning as image areas.
• the charge pattern is developed in a first step with positively charged toner particles of a first color and, in a subsequent development step, developed with negatively charged toner particles of a second color.
• charge patterns may be developed with a dry developer containing toners of two different colors in a single development step.
• a process for forming two-color images which comprises (1) charging an imaging member in an imaging apparatus; (2) creating on the member a latent image comprising areas of high, intermediate, and low potential; (3) developing the low areas of potential by, for example, conductive magnetic brush development with a developer comprising carrier particles, and a colored first toner comprised of resin particles, colored, other than black, pigment particles, and an aluminum complex charge enhancing additive; (4) subsequently developing the high areas of potential by conductive magnetic brush development with a developer comprising a second black developer comprised of carrier particles and a toner comprised of resin, black pigment, such as carbon black, and a charge enhancing additive; (5) transferring the developed two-color image to a suitable substrate; and (6) fixing the image thereto.
• the first developer comprises, for example, a first toner comprised of resin present in an effective amount of from, for example, about 70 to about 98 percent by weight, which resin can be selected from the group consisting of polyesters, styrene-butadiene polymers, styrene-acrylate polymers, styrene-methacrylate polymers, PLIOLITES®, crosslinked styrene acrylates, crosslinked styrene methacrylates, and the like, wherein the crosslinking component is, for example, divinyl benzene, and mixtures thereof; a first colored blue, especially PV FAST BLUETM pigment present in an effective amount of from, for example, about 1 to about 15 percent by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 3 weight percent; an aluminum complex charge enhancing additive; and a second developer comprised of a second toner comprised of resin present in an effective amount of from, for example, about 70 to about 98 percent by weight, which resin can be selected from the group consist
• Illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 5087538 is a process for forming two-color images which comprises (1) charging an imaging member in an imaging apparatus; (2) creating on the member a latent image comprising areas of high, intermediate, and low potential; (3) developing the low areas of potential by, for example, conductive magnetic brush development with a developer comprising carrier particles, and a colored first toner comprised of resin, a positively charging pigment, and a negatively charging pigment; (4) subsequently developing the high areas of potential by conductive magnetic brush development with a developer comprising a second developer comprised of carrier particles and a toner comprised of resin, black pigment, such as carbon black, and a charge enhancing additive; (5) transferring the developed two-color image to a suitable substrate; and (6) fixing the image thereto.
• a magneta toner for full color processes and wherein the toner may contain surface additives such as a mixture of certain colloidal silicas, such as AEROSIL#76®, tin oxide, and a polymeric hydroxy compound.
• surface additives such as a mixture of certain colloidal silicas, such as AEROSIL#76®, tin oxide, and a polymeric hydroxy compound.
• a developer composition including a toner and carrier particles, characterised in that said toner comprises resin, carbon black, magnetite, and a charge additive, and a surface additive mixture comprised of a polymeric hydroxy compound and a colloidal silica treated with a quaternary ammonium salt compound; and said carrier particles comprise a core with a polymer mixture coating thereover.
• the charge additive is a positive charge enhancing additive and said carrier particles comprise a ferrite core.
• the first polymer may be present in an amount of from about 25 percent by weight to about 45 percent by weight, and the second polymer is present in an amount of from about 25 percent by weight to about 55 percent by weight.
• the toner resin may comprise styrene polymers, such as, for example, selected from the group consisting of styrene methacrylates, styrene butadienes, and styrene acrylates.
• the toner resin comprises a polyester.
• the charge enhancing additive may comprise distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate.
• the semiconductive ferrite carrier core may comprise manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, iron and oxygen.
• the first polymer may be present in an amount of from about 40 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, and the second polymer is present in an amount of from about 60 percent by weight to about 40 percent by weight.
• ammonium compound is dimethyloctadecyl-3-trimethoxy (silyl)propyl ammonium chloride.
• the semiconductive ferrite core comprises of from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of copper, from about zero to about 50 weight percent of magnesium, from about 2 to 25 weight percent of zinc, from about zero to about 12 weight percent of nickel, from about zero to 3 weight percent of manganese, from about 22 to 35 weight percent of oxygen, and from about 40 to 60 weight percent of iron is selected.
• carbon black is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 0.4 weight percent
• the colloidal silica treated with a quarternary ammonium salt compound is present in an amount of from about 0.8 to about 0.22 weight percent.
• polymeric hydroxy compound is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 0.4 weight percent
• colloidal silica treated with a quarternary ammonium salt compound is present in an amount of from about 0.8 to about 0.22 weight percent.
• the ferrite carrier may have a volume median diameter of from about 40 to about 80 microns, and preferably from about 45 to about 60 microns.
• the resin comprises an emulsion polymerised styrene butadiene.
• One aspect of the present invention is a process for obtaining multicolor, including four-color images, one of which is black, which in an embodiment comprises charging and developing an imaging member four times and wherein a black toner is utilized for one of the images.
• the aforementioned black toner in one embodiment of the present invention has excellent admix characteristics, for example from about 15 to about 60 seconds as determined by a charge spectrograph, desirable triboelectric properties, for example from about a positive 10 to about 25 microcoulombs per gram as determined by the known Faraday Cage measurement process, acceptable and stable A t and the like.
• black toners comprised of toner resin particles, black pigment particles, magnetite particles, a charge enhancing additive, and surface additives, such as a mixture of a colloidal silica, AEROSIL #76®, and polymeric hydroxy surface additives, such as UNILINS®, reference U.S. Patent 4,883,736, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, and developers therein as illustrated herein.
• surface additives such as a mixture of a colloidal silica, AEROSIL #76®, and polymeric hydroxy surface additives, such as UNILINS®, reference U.S. Patent 4,883,736, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, and developers therein as illustrated herein.
• a developer with stable positive triboelectrical toner characteristics which enables the generation of high quality images subsequent to development, that is images with substantially no background deposits and substantially no smearing for a broad range of relative humidity conditions, that is for example from 20 to 80 percent relative humidity at an effective range of temperature zones ranging, for example, from about 50°F to about 120°F, and preferably from about 60 to about 90°F.
• An example of the aforementioned development process comprises a developer housing with a twin auger transport single magnetic brush design mounted in the approximate 6 o'clock orientation.
• the magnetic brush roll (developer roll) is about 30 millimeters in diameter, with a grooved surface for developer transport, and preferably operates at about 3.0 times the speed of the photoreceptor, or imaging member.
• the developer roll is spaced about 0.5 millimeter from the photoreceptor and is biased with a negative DC bias, for example from 200 to about 500 volts.
• a stationary magnet is situated internal to the rotating developer roll sleeve, and is comprised of a ferrite with a designed magnetic pole configuration to satisfy the requirements of controlling the developer transport and developability.
• the developer flow can be controlled by the location of a low permeability trimmer bar in the magnetic field at the point of trimming.
• the MOS is set at from about 25 to about 40 milligrams/cm2 and is sensitive to the trim gap, toner concentration (TC) and developer tribo.
• the twin augers in the developer housing sump transport the developer in opposite directions, first past the toner dispenser, then to the developer pick up region of the developer roll.
• the augers have slits built into them in order to facilitate the mixing of the fresh toner added to the developer.
• latent images are formed, such as four, and developed sequentially on the imaging member, first with the black toner of the present invention, magneta toner, cyan toner, and yellow. Also, one can develop black only, or black with one or more other colors.
• toners comprised of resin particles, carbon black pigments, such as REGAL 330®, known magnetites, a charge additive like distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, reference U.S. Patent 4,560,635, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, and as surface additives a mixture of UNILIN® and AEROSIL #76®, a colloidal silica treated with a quaternary ammonium compound, such as dimethyloctadecyl-3-trimethoxy(silyl)propyl ammonium chloride available from Tayca Inc.
• Patent 4,828,954 the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, can be selected for the toners and developers of the present invention.
• This patent discloses toners which contain an inorganic powder that has been subjected to the treatment with a compound having an onium salt structure, see the Abstract, and see columns 2 to 8, and the working Examples.
• developer compositions with excellent electrical characteristics comprised of the black toners illustrated herein and carrier particles preferably comprised of ferrites, especially copper zinc ferrites.
• carrier particles preferably comprised of ferrites, especially copper zinc ferrites.
• One preferred ferrite is described in copending patent application U.S. Serial No. 572,207.
• a semiconductive ferrite core with a coating thereover comprised of a mixture of first and second polymers that are not in close proximity thereto in the triboelectric series
• toner compositions comprised of resin particles, black pigment particles, magnetites, a charge enhancing additive component, and surface additives comprised of a mixture of certain treated colloidal silicas, and polymeric hydroxy compounds, such as UNILIN® components available from Petrolite Corporation.
• Developers can be prepared by admixing the aforementioned toners with carriers, such as ferrites, and the like, and preferably ferrite carriers, which carriers are coated with a polymer mixture, such as polymethyl methacrylate and KYNAR®, reference U.S. Patents 4,937,166 and 4,935,326.
• resin particles selected for the toners of the present invention include styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates, polyesters, crosslinked styrene methacrylates, styrene butadienes, especially those with a high, such as from about 80 to about 95 weight percent styrene content, like the commercially available Goodyear PLIOLITES®, PLIOTONES®, and the like.
• the resin is present in an effective amount of from, for example, about 70 to about 98 percent by weight.
• Specific toner resins include known styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates (58/32), linear, and branched polyesters, PLIOLITES®, PLIOTONES® available from Goodyear Chemical Company, styrene-butadiene polymers, particularly styrene-butadiene copolymers wherein the styrene portion is present in an amount of from about 83 to about 93 percent by weight, and preferably about 88 percent by weight, and the butadiene portion is present in an amount of from about 7 to about 17 percent by weight, and preferably about 12 percent by weight.
• styrene-n-butylmethacrylate polymers particularly those styrene-n-butylmethacrylate copolymers wherein the styrene segment is present in an amount of from about 50 to about 70 percent by weight, preferably about 58 percent by weight, and the n-butylmethacrylate segment is present in an amount of from about 30 to about 50 percent by weight, preferably about 42 percent by weight. Mixtures of these resins may also be selected.
• Preferred as the toner resin is an emulsion polymerized styrene butadiene, reference U.S. Patent 4,469,770, preferably present in an amount of about 87 to about 89 percent by weight..
• Black toner pigments are known and include carbon blacks like REGAL 330®, VULCAN®, furnace blacks, and the like.
• the black pigment is present in various effective amounts such as, for example, from about 1 to about 15, and preferably from about 2 to about 10 weight percent of the toner.
• These pigments are part of a mixture with known magnetites, such as MAPICO BLACK®, and the like.
• the mixture preferably contains in embodiments effective amounts of carbon black, such as from about 2 to about 10 weight percent, and magnetite, such as MAPICO BLACK®, preferably from about 2 to about 10, and more preferably from about 2 to about 7 weight percent.
• One preferred mixture is comprised of 5.5 percent by weight of toner of REGAL 330® carbon black and MAPICO BLACK®, 4.5 weight percent.
• Examples of charge enhancing additives which are present in the toner in various effective amounts, such as from about 0.5 to about 10, and preferably from about 1 to about 2 weight percent, include known additives such as distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, cetyl pyridinium halide, especially the chloride, bisulfides, and mixtures thereof in embodiments.
• Examples of specific charge additives include alkyl pyridinium halides, and preferably cetyl pyridinium chloride, reference U.S. Patent 4,298,672, organic sulfates and sulfonates, reference U.S.
• Patent 4,338,390 the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference; distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate (DDAMS), the preferred additive; 1.2 percent by weight of the toner as it enables excellent admix characteristic, reference U.S. Patent 4,560,635, and the like.
• DDAMS distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate
• the products obtained comprised of toner resin, pigment, and magnetite, and charge enhancing additive can be subjected to micronization and classification, which classification is primarily for the purpose of removing fines, and substantially very large particles to enable, for example, toner particles with an average volume diameter of from about 8 to about 15 microns, and preferably from about 8 to about 12 microns.
• the toners of the present invention in embodiments may be prepared by processes such as extrusion, which is a continuous process that comprises dry blending the resin, black pigment, magnetite, and charge control additive, placing them into an extruder, melting and mixing the mixture, extruding the material, and reducing the extruded material to pellet form.
• the developed images are then transferred to any suitable substrate, such as paper, transparency material, and the like. Transfer may be by any suitable means, such as by charging the back of the substrate with a corotron to a polarity opposite to the polarity of the toner.
• the transferred image is then permanently affixed to the substrate by any suitable means.
• fusing by application of heat and pressure is preferred. There results on a single substrate, such as paper, pictorial colors of black, green, blue, red, yellow, green, brown, and others.

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Citations (8)

• 1992
  • 1992-08-25 CA CA 2076847 patent/CA2076847C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-09-01 JP JP4233712A patent/JPH0769630B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-09-10 DE DE1992615806 patent/DE69215806T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-09-10 EP EP19920308236 patent/EP0532320B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (8)

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