EP0531778B1 - Gazéificateur à équicourant - Google Patents

Gazéificateur à équicourant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0531778B1
EP0531778B1 EP92114292A EP92114292A EP0531778B1 EP 0531778 B1 EP0531778 B1 EP 0531778B1 EP 92114292 A EP92114292 A EP 92114292A EP 92114292 A EP92114292 A EP 92114292A EP 0531778 B1 EP0531778 B1 EP 0531778B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasifier
screw
combustion chamber
tube
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92114292A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0531778A1 (fr
Inventor
Léon Jaccard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PORETTI- GAGGINI SA
Original Assignee
PORETTI- GAGGINI SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PORETTI- GAGGINI SA filed Critical PORETTI- GAGGINI SA
Publication of EP0531778A1 publication Critical patent/EP0531778A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0531778B1 publication Critical patent/EP0531778B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a direct current gasifier as described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention accordingly finds specific application in the field of DC gasifiers, i.e. those that produce a gas free from tar condensation and are therefore generally suitable for use in explosion engines.
  • carburettors are known for the use they found in World War II, when the vehicles' explosion engines were used instead of petrol.
  • a similar carburetor is shown, for example, in FR-A-25 26 036, where a carburetor for agricultural tractors is described which mainly consists of a V-shaped double chamber.
  • the upper chamber consists of a cylindrical container, the diameter of which continuously decreases in the lower part: it is therefore conical wedging downwards.
  • the second chamber After the narrowest point of this chamber, in which there are radial openings through which the primary air is supplied, the second chamber begins in the interior of the chamber, which is delimited by a circular, conically spreading wall. The whole thing thus forms a double funnel through which the material to be gasified passes through from top to bottom through its own weight.
  • the second chamber is closed at the bottom by a grate, which serves the purpose of retaining the coal particles which are not completely burned in the annular combustion zone.
  • This type of direct current gasifier is hereinafter referred to as "descending” because it is characterized in that the fuel gas formed by the gasification in the combustion chamber, corresponding to the narrowest point of the two connecting chambers, moves from top to bottom in the same direction of material transport.
  • This type of gasifier therefore has a major disadvantage, i.e. it requires a separation grate below the second chamber: this grate allows the smallest unburned particles of ash and coal to be separated - i.e. not yet completely converted to gas - which are piling up.
  • This disadvantage was not important when using DC gasifiers for driving explosion engines during the war, when many vehicles were equipped with such devices for lack of gasoline.
  • the carburettor was not operated continuously in this application so that it was possible to clean the grate or collecting chamber from the ash accumulated under the grate at the end of the day or after the short period of operation and thus to restore the ideal working conditions of the carburetor .
  • the disadvantage of the material accumulation above the grate thus prevents the descending direct current gasifier from being operated continuously, with an operating period of from during continuous operation several days or weeks without intermediate maintenance.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose a direct current gasifier without the disadvantages of the above mentioned direct current gasifier according to the preamble of claim 1 and in particular a gasifier which does not require a lower grate, in which the problem of material bridging is also eliminated.
  • the ashes can be removed through this grate, as will be described in detail.
  • the very fine ash which always forms when wood is burned, is aerodynamically entrained by the gases which are in direct current remove from the carburetor with the material fed by the screw.
  • it is usually necessary to filter the gases for example using a cyclone filter, so that they are freed from the fine ash, especially where the gasification gas is intended for explosion engines, ie for the purpose for which the DC gasifier, thanks the gas purity to be achieved is provided.
  • the inside of the pipe is conical towards the bottom and has a larger diameter in accordance with its starting point at the furnace: thanks to this provision, the combustion material inside the pipe flows more easily downwards and thus avoids any risk of clogging of the material feed.
  • the taper of the tube has been chosen between 30 'and 4 °, which allows better operating conditions combined with acceptable construction use.
  • the combustion chamber is made at least in its conical section from refractory material.
  • the purpose of this arrangement is to achieve optimal thermal insulation of the warmest point of the carburetor in order to avoid heat loss to the greatest extent.
  • Another preferred embodiment according to claim 5 provides an angle of inclination of the screw forming the screw and, when measured on the outer tube diameter of 120 mm, is between 10 ° and 25 °.
  • the angle set between these limits guarantees ideal operating conditions for the carburetor - safety during material transport, reduced friction on the screw, moderate speed of rotation of the screw, etc.
  • the claim 6 relates to a preferred embodiment of the gasifier according to the invention and proposes a design of the firing zone, which guarantees an excellent supply of the main air to the combustion zone.
  • Claim 7 relates to a preferred embodiment of the gasifier according to the invention and relates specifically to a feed system of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber of the carburetor is designated by 1.
  • This chamber 1 is in its upper part a mainly cylindrical shape and surrounded by a cylindrical wall 2, which in the example shown consists of sheet metal.
  • the lower part 3 of the chamber 1 narrows conically downward and forms the combustion 4 of the carburetor there. This zone, where the combustion or oxidation of the carbon takes place according to laws regulating these processes, will be described in detail later.
  • the truncated cone wall which laterally delimits the conical part 3 of the combustion chamber, can be made of sheet iron.
  • the wall 5 consists of refractory material. This solution is particularly advantageous because excellent thermal insulation from the outside is achieved in the warmest zone of the chamber, where the heat losses that one wants to avoid would be greatest.
  • the DC gasifier of the present invention is characterized by two essential aspects, namely:
  • the combustion chamber 1 has at most one grate 9 with very small holes 10 in comparison to the size of the unburned wood chips.
  • This grate 9 only serves to remove the remaining fine ash and is not necessary where the combustion gas air is sucked in by the carburetor. In any case, it is a grate through which no main air from the combustion chamber is allowed to pass, i.e. the grate has no function with regard to the actual gasification process and can therefore be omitted.
  • the first characteristic of the carburetor according to the invention is that it has a combustion chamber 1, which is mainly closed at the bottom, or at most has a grate 9 provided with holes 10, which has only the one purpose where it is necessary to remove finely burned ashes.
  • a screw 11 is attached, the outer dimensions of which adapt to the conical shape of the chamber and which in its inner axial part consists of a central tube 12 through which the material to be gasified is fed from above, as will be described later on Firing 4, is better explained.
  • the worm 11 or the inner tube 12 is open in the upper part and is rotated during the carburetor operation by a drive shaft 13 (FIG. 2) which is connected to the tube 12, a large part of the inner surface of the tube remaining open .
  • the shaft 13 is supported in the upper part of the carburetor by a holder 14, which. is attached to the lid 15, which closes the filling silo 16, and it is driven by a geared motor 17 at a very low speed.
  • the details of the geared motor 17 and the shaft connection 13 with the tube 12 are clear to any person skilled in the art, which is why no further detailed explanations are necessary.
  • the direction of rotation of the screw 11 and the direction of the slope are such that the combustion material flowing out of the lower opening 18 of the tube 12, which went through the firing zone 4, was not completely converted into combustion gas and ash, i.e. partially unburned material, grasped by the foot 19 below the screw 11 and pushed up onto the inclined surface of the screw 11.
  • the partially burned material is mixed with fresh material which has not yet burned and more or less partially fills the filling silo 16.
  • the inventive carburetor also has the following construction elements, which are not essential characteristics of the same, but which, as preferred solutions, guarantee automatic functioning of the system.
  • the perforated sheet 6 is connected by a thin ring-shaped channel 21 to a further channel 22, also ring-shaped, which, as can be seen on the right-hand side of FIG. 1, is connected to a discharge line for the gases.
  • the gases generated in the gasification are fed to the intended consumption element (burner, explosion engine) (not shown).
  • the filling silo 16 (FIG. 2), located above the combustion chamber, is preferably closed at the top by a hermetic lock 24, through which the fresh combustion material is fed as soon as a sensor 25 placed in the filling silo 16 indicates that the material level is below a certain minimum value has dropped.
  • the tube 12 is conically narrowed downwards and has the larger diameter at its lower end 26 in the vicinity of the furnace 4.
  • This taper is preferably between 30 'and 4 °.
  • the pitch angle is that of the screw forming screw important.
  • This angle is measured at the inner point of the screw 11, i.e. in accordance with the outer tube diameter of 120 mm, preferably between 10 and 25 °.
  • the slope of the screw 11 is important for the selection of an appropriate rotational speed of the screw 11 itself. This pitch angle is seen in relation to the other dimensions of the carburetor, which is why it is determined in the present description as a function of the tube diameter 12, which was 120 mm in the example shown.
  • the firing zone 4 consists of a central zone 27 with circular holes, closed at the top by a aforementioned cover 7 and an annular shape zone 28 which surrounds the central zone 27.
  • the ring-shaped zone 28 there is at most one grate with very small holes 10.
  • the grate (s) are not absolutely necessary for realizing the present invention. As already said, they can prove to be superfluous where the ash is so fine as a result of the complete combustion of the fuel that it is continuously removed from the gas that forms. If, on the other hand, the ash formed is large-grained (which can depend on many factors and is unnecessary to explain here) and thus tends to be deposited on the bottom of the ring-shaped zone 28 surrounding the furnace 4, it is useful to provide one or more grids 9 in the ring-shaped zone 28.
  • This one or more grids must be provided with very small holes (of the order of 0.5-2mm in diameter) so that only the ash can fall into the lower part of the carburetor and be removed.
  • the grate will cover the entire surface of the ring-shaped zone 28, ie the concept of a single grate 9 also includes the case where the grate consists of a perforated ring-shaped zone over the entire surface.
  • An automatic removal system for the ashes can be attached under the grate 9 and, in FIG. 1, shown only as an example, can consist of one or more fall silos 29, on the bottom or the bottoms of which the ashes are removed by means of an ejection screw 30.
  • the latter is operated by a continuous or alternative motor 31. It is clear that in the case of a grate 9 in a complete ring shape, as explained above, the lower fall silo 29 also has the ring channel shape.
  • the combustion material wood chips or small pieces of wood
  • the level sensor 25 controls the level sensor 25. It therefore always fills the lower part of the filling silo 16 up to the minimum height of the sensor 25.
  • the lock 24 is in turn always made of material by a suitable feed hopper 32 and a conveyor belt 33 here. not shown.
  • the combustion material then passes continuously in the vicinity of the shaft 13 into the zone of the upper tube opening 20 of the screw 11 and enters the tube.
  • the fresh material coming from above mixes, before it reaches the opening 20, with the material that has already been partially burned and fed upwards by the screw 11 on the outside of the tube 12, where the mixture of this material by slow rotation of the Screw 11 transported upwards with the fresh material by the presence of a deviation plate 34 in the upper one Batch of screw 11, which pushes the "rising" material inwards thanks to its suitable shape.
  • the amount of combustion material transported from the rotating screw 11 upwards with prior conversion to charcoal in the reduction zone, or reduction in the combustion volume due to the combustion operation and conversion to gas after the previously described gasification process depends on various functional parameters of the gasifier, such as of the main amount of air supplied to the holes 8, the speed of rotation of the screw 11, the dimensions of the elements, etc. These parameters are improved from time to time, also taking into account the material characteristics of the wood to be burned. This regulatory work is accessible to every specialist and is therefore no longer described in detail here.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Gazéificateur à équicourant, avec une chambre de combustion, cylindrique dans la partie supérieure et allant en rétrécissant de façon conique vers le bas, en direction du foyer (4), la chambre de combustion étant fermée de façon complètement hermétique, à l'exception de la sortie des gaz de combustion et étant alimentée en coupure de bois, par le haut à travers un sas étanche,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la chambre de combustion (1) présente en partie la plus inférieure une grille (9), dont les trous sont très petits en comparaison de la taille des copeaux de bois brûlés et qui servent à l'élimination du reste de cendre fine.
    - à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion (1) est montée une vis de transport (11) dont les dimensions extérieures sont adaptées à la forme conique de la chambre et qui est constituée dans sa partie axiale interne d'un tube central (12) à travers lequel le matériau à gazéifier est alimenté par le haut en direction du foyer (4), la vis (11) qui tourne pendant le fonctionnement du gazéificateur transportant le matériau depuis le bas, c'est-à-dire depuis le point de combustion, vers le haut, où le tube (12) est pourvu d'une ouverture supérieure (20) à travers laquelle le matériau neuf à gazéifier ainsi que le matériau ayant déjà passé par le point de combustion (4) et ayant été transporté vers le haut par la vis (11) entrent dans le tube.
  2. Gazéificateur à équicourant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'intérieur du tube va en rétrécissant de façon conique vers le bas et présente le grand diamètre à son point inférieur (20), à proximité du foyer (4).
  3. Gazéificateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la conicité du tube est comprise entre 30 minutes et 4°.
  4. Gazéificateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de combustion (1) est constituée d'un matériau réfractaire, au moins dans sa partie conique (3).
  5. Gazéificateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'angle du pas de l'hélice constituant la vis (11), sur le diamètre extérieur du tube (12) qui est de 120 mm, est compris entre 10 et 25°.
  6. Gazéificateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la zone de combustion (4) est constituée d'une zone centrale (27) circulaire, qui présente sur la circonférence des trous destinés à l'amenée d'air primaire, et d'une partie annulaire entourant la zone centrale (27) et présentant à la partie la plus haute une grille (9) pourvue de très petits trous (10),
  7. Gazéificateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au-dessus de la chambre de combustion (1) est monté un silo de remplissage (16) fermé en partie haute par un sas hermétique (24), au moyen duquel le matériau de combustion neuf est alimenté et en aval duquel un capteur (25) monté dans le silo de remplissage (16) indique que le niveau du matériau est descendu au-dessous d'une valeur minimale déterminée,
EP92114292A 1991-08-23 1992-08-21 Gazéificateur à équicourant Expired - Lifetime EP0531778B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2481/91A CH683102A5 (it) 1991-08-23 1991-08-23 Gasogeno a equicorrente.
CH2481/91 1991-08-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0531778A1 EP0531778A1 (fr) 1993-03-17
EP0531778B1 true EP0531778B1 (fr) 1996-05-15

Family

ID=4234774

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92114292A Expired - Lifetime EP0531778B1 (fr) 1991-08-23 1992-08-21 Gazéificateur à équicourant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0531778B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE138089T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH683102A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59206287D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4417082C1 (de) * 1994-05-17 1995-10-26 Franz Josef Meurer Reaktor zum thermischen Vergasen von festem Brennstoff
DE19755700C2 (de) * 1997-12-16 2000-04-20 Winfried Brunner Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Brenngasen aus organischen Feststoffen und Reaktor zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102008043131B4 (de) * 2008-10-23 2012-09-20 Burkhardt Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum thermochemischen Vergasen fester Brennstoffe
JP6200324B2 (ja) 2010-03-15 2017-09-20 レイン・ウォーター，エルエルシー 炭素含有供給材料をガス化ガスに処理するための方法及び装置
SE2251168A1 (en) * 2022-10-07 2024-04-08 Teknikcentrum I Gnosjoe Ab A method and gasifier for generating synthesis gas

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4268275A (en) * 1979-03-07 1981-05-19 Pyrenco, Inc. Apparatus for converting organic material into fuel
US4348211A (en) * 1981-02-06 1982-09-07 Zimmerman Edwin H Gas generating system
DE3732867A1 (de) * 1987-09-25 1989-04-06 Michel Kim Herwig Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen von generatorgas und aktivierter kohle aus festen brennstoffen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE138089T1 (de) 1996-06-15
DE59206287D1 (de) 1996-06-20
EP0531778A1 (fr) 1993-03-17
CH683102A5 (it) 1994-01-14

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