EP0529506A1 - Paper-machine felt and method of making the same - Google Patents

Paper-machine felt and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0529506A1
EP0529506A1 EP92114173A EP92114173A EP0529506A1 EP 0529506 A1 EP0529506 A1 EP 0529506A1 EP 92114173 A EP92114173 A EP 92114173A EP 92114173 A EP92114173 A EP 92114173A EP 0529506 A1 EP0529506 A1 EP 0529506A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
polyamide
fibers
paper machine
crimped fibers
crimped
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EP92114173A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0529506B1 (en
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Jürgen Dr. rer. nat.; Dipl. Chem. Spindler
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Inventa AG fuer Forschung und Patentverwertung
Uhde Inventa Fischer AG
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EMS Inventa AG
Inventa AG fuer Forschung und Patentverwertung
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/08—Felts
    • D21F7/083—Multi-layer felts

Definitions

  • the invention relates in particular to improved paper machine felts which contain at least one nonwoven needled onto a textile fabric, which consists wholly or partly of 3-dimensionally crimped synthetic fibers, as well as a method for producing the same and the use of such nonwovens for paper machine felts.
  • Such felts have improved abrasion resistance and enable the production of paper with a smooth surface.
  • Paper machine felts are usually made from a base fabric by needling crimped fibers into nonwovens. Such paper machine felts are used in the press zone of paper machines to dewater the paper web. For this purpose, they must be passed through an arrangement of press rollers together with the paper pulp. Felt and paper are exposed to very high mechanical, but also chemical and possibly thermal loads. The fibers, in particular, are very strongly deformed by the high speeds and press pressures in a short cycle.
  • such fibers can be additionally protected against thermal and chemical damage with stabilizers.
  • the abrasion resistance one of the most important properties of the fibers used for paper machine felts, can be determined relatively easily on single fibers by the so-called wire scrub test.
  • the conditioned fibers are loaded with a pre-tension of 0.44 cN / dtex (0.5 g / den) and hung over a precisely defined wire at a prescribed angle.
  • the fibers are then reciprocated a certain distance along the fiber axis so that they are rubbed against the wire.
  • the number of abrasion movements on the wire (wire abrasion tours "DST") is given, which are necessary until the fiber breaks.
  • Paper felts used in practice today are mainly made from polyamide 6 or polyamide 6.6 fibers.
  • other types of fibers are also described in the literature for this purpose.
  • DE-OS 17 61 531 describes paper machine felts which, by using nonwovens made from mixtures of walkable or shrinkable yarns and fibers with different fiber thickness, (denier) crimp and polymer properties, have a particularly compacted surface.
  • the fibers used according to the current state of the art for paper machine felts are crimped in two dimensions industrially using the stuffer box process. These hard mechanical buckling stress, however, leads to damage to the fiber structure, which manifests itself in significantly deteriorated mechanical properties, in particular the abrasion resistance compared to the uncrimped but unusable fibers.
  • the object on which the present invention is based arises from the still inadequate service life of paper machine felts in industrial use due to the still inadequate abrasion resistance. Furthermore, a method for producing such felts is to be specified.
  • paper machine felts made of 3-dimensionally crimped synthetic fibers according to the characterizing features of claim 1 or a method for producing the paper machine felts according to the characterizing features of claim 10 and the use of the nonwovens are proposed.
  • the 3-dimensional crimped synthetic fibers have a far better abrasion resistance than two-dimensional crimped fibers made from the same starting material.
  • the crimp is necessary for the processing of the fibers into nonwovens and gives the felt an advantageous volume for water transport.
  • the paper machine felts according to the invention are produced in whole or in part by needling 3-dimensionally crimped synthetic fibers according to the method according to the invention in a manner known per se.
  • the invention is not limited to fibers of a certain polymer type or a certain polymer combination, but it can advantageously influence the fiber properties of each type of polymer that is to be used for paper machine clothing.
  • 3-dimensional crimped synthetic fibers made of polyamides are preferred.
  • PA 6, PA 11, PA 12, PA 4.6, PA 6.6, PA 6.10, PA 6.12, PA 10, T, PA 12, T, PA 12.12 or copolyamides made of aliphatic monomers with 4 to 12 C- Atoms and / or aromatic monomers with 6 to 12 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
  • Preferred monomers for such copolyamides are caprolactam, laurolactam, terephthalic acid and linear ⁇ , ⁇ -diamines with 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the 3-dimensionally crimped synthetic fibers according to the invention can be used excellently for the production of needled non-woven fabrics which can be used as paper machine felts, since these have a significantly improved abrasion resistance compared to the prior art.
  • Air jet textured fibers were made with a suitable spinning device using dried PA 6 granules which were rolled with 0.7% Irganox 1098.
  • the granules were melted in an extruder and then spun.
  • the spinneret had 48 holes with a diameter of 0.6 mm.
  • the total throughput was 154 g / min. at a spinning speed of 600 m / min. After leaving the spinneret, the bundle of threads was cooled by blowing with air, then prepared and then wound up.
  • the spinning material was drawn on an Air Jet texturing machine J 0/10 from Rieter, textured and then wound up at speeds of 1670 m / min.
  • the filaments were then unwound, fixed without tension at 165 ° C. and cut.
  • the fibers have an abrasion resistance that is at least 100% higher (DST values) as stuffer box crimped fibers made from a corresponding polymer.
  • a fleece with a basis weight of 500 g / m 2 was produced from the fibers, which was needled onto a base fabric.
  • Such test felts showed an at least 30% longer lifespan compared to corresponding felts which were produced with fibers crimped in the stuffer box (comparative example 1) when they were subjected to a test based on the conditions in the paper machine.
  • Fibers were produced and processed analogously to Example 1, but the fibers were spun drawn. These fibers also have very good abrasion resistance (DST values). The lifespan of the felts was approximately 30% longer than that of the fibers crimped in the stuffer box described in Comparative Example 1.
  • Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, fibers were made from PA 12 and processed into felt. The abrasion resistance and the felt life were significantly better than with the corresponding stuffer box crimped comparison fibers (comparative example 2).
  • the total throughput was 550 g / min. at a spinning speed of 770 m / min.
  • the bundle of threads was cooled by blowing with air, then prepared and then placed in cans with a reel.
  • the spinning material was drawn, finished, dried and cut using a conventional stretching line at godet temperatures of 60 to 65 ° C.
  • the properties of the fibers are listed in Table 1.
  • the fibers have at least 100% higher abrasion resistance (DST values) than crimped fibers made from a corresponding polymer.
  • a fleece with a basis weight of 500 g / m 2 was produced from the fibers, which was needled onto a base fabric.
  • Such test felts showed an at least 30% longer lifespan compared to corresponding felts (comparative example 1) which were produced with fibers crimped in the stuffer box when they were subjected to a test based on the conditions in the paper machine.
  • fibers were made from PA 12 granules of different viscosity (eta rel 2.0 and 2.2 measured in m-cresol, 25 ° C., 0.5 g / 100 ml) and processed into felts. These fibers also have very good abrasion resistance (DST values). The lifespan of the felts was 25% longer than that of the Comparative fibers described under 2.
  • fibers were made from PA 6 granules (eta rel. 3.4) and PA 66 granules (eta rel. 3.4) and processed into felts.
  • Table 1 clearly shows that 3-dimensional crimped synthetic fibers are significantly more abrasion-resistant compared to corresponding two-dimensional crimped fibers.
  • PA 6.6 only has about 60 to 70% of the abrasion resistance of PA 6.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to papermachine felts of improved wear resistance, which contain a nonwoven needle-punched onto a textile 2-dimensional structure and consisting wholly or partially of 3-dimensionally crimped synthetic fibres.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft den in den Patentansprüchen angegebenen Gegenstand.The invention relates to the subject matter specified in the claims.

Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere verbesserte Papiermaschinenfilze, die wenigstens ein auf ein textiles Flächengebilde aufgenadeltes Vlies enthalten, das ganz oder teilweise aus 3-dimensional gekräuselten synthetischen Fasern besteht sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben und die Verwendung solcher Vliese für Papiermaschinenfilze.The invention relates in particular to improved paper machine felts which contain at least one nonwoven needled onto a textile fabric, which consists wholly or partly of 3-dimensionally crimped synthetic fibers, as well as a method for producing the same and the use of such nonwovens for paper machine felts.

Derartige Filze besitzen eine verbesserte Abriebbeständigkeit und ermöglichen die Herstellung von Papier mit glatter Oberfläche.Such felts have improved abrasion resistance and enable the production of paper with a smooth surface.

Papiermaschinenfilze werden normalerweise aus einem Grundgewebe durch Aufnadeln von gekräuselten Fasern zu Vliesen hergestellt. Solche Papiermaschinenfilze werden in der Presszone von Papiermaschinen eingesetzt, um die Papierbahn zu entwässern. Sie müssen dazu gemeinsam mit der Papiermasse durch eine Anordnung von Presswalzen geführt werden. Dabei werden Filz und Papier sehr hohen mechanischen, aber auch chemischen und gegebenenfalls thermischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Insbesondere die Fasern werden durch die hohen Geschwindigkeiten und Pressedrucke in kurzer Taktfolge sehr stark verformt.Paper machine felts are usually made from a base fabric by needling crimped fibers into nonwovens. Such paper machine felts are used in the press zone of paper machines to dewater the paper web. For this purpose, they must be passed through an arrangement of press rollers together with the paper pulp. Felt and paper are exposed to very high mechanical, but also chemical and possibly thermal loads. The fibers, in particular, are very strongly deformed by the high speeds and press pressures in a short cycle.

Nach dem Stand der Technik können derartige Fasern mit Stabilisatoren zusätzlich gegen thermische und chemische Schädigungen geschützt werden.According to the prior art, such fibers can be additionally protected against thermal and chemical damage with stabilizers.

Zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenqualität des Papiers ist es Stand der Technik, die oberste Deckschicht des Filzes aus möglichst feintitrigen Fasern herzustellen. Diesem Wunsch steht aber die geringe Abriebbeständigkeit von feintitrigen Fasern entgegen.In order to improve the surface quality of the paper, it is state of the art to produce the top cover layer of the felt from fibers that are as fine as possible. This desire is countered by the low abrasion resistance of fine-titer fibers.

Die Abriebbeständigkeit, eine der wichtigsten Eigenschaften der Fasern, die für Papiermaschinenfilze eingesetzt werden, kann an Einzelfasern verhältnismässig leicht durch den sogenannten Drahtscheuertest ermittelt werden.The abrasion resistance, one of the most important properties of the fibers used for paper machine felts, can be determined relatively easily on single fibers by the so-called wire scrub test.

In diesem Test werden die klimatisierten Fasern mit einem Vorspanngewicht von 0.44 cN/dtex (0.5 g/den) belastet und in einem vorgeschriebenen Winkel über einen genau definierten Draht gehängt.In this test, the conditioned fibers are loaded with a pre-tension of 0.44 cN / dtex (0.5 g / den) and hung over a precisely defined wire at a prescribed angle.

Die Fasern werden dann eine bestimmte Strecke entlang der Faserachse hin und her bewegt, so dass sie an dem Draht gescheuert werden. Als Mass für die Abriebbeständigkeit wird die Zahl der Scheuerbewegung am Draht (Drahtscheuertouren "DST") angegeben, die notwendig sind, bis die Faser bricht.The fibers are then reciprocated a certain distance along the fiber axis so that they are rubbed against the wire. As a measure of the abrasion resistance, the number of abrasion movements on the wire (wire abrasion tours "DST") is given, which are necessary until the fiber breaks.

Für diese Prüfung nach Grünewald, K.H., Lenzinger Berichte 26 (1968) S 90-109 werden mindestens 44 Einzelwerte zur Mittelwertbildung verwendet.For this test according to Grünewald, KH, Lenzinger reports 26 (1968) S 90-109 at least 44 individual values are used for averaging.

In der Praxis verwendete Papierfilze werden heute hauptsächlich aus Polyamid 6- oder Polyamid 6.6-Fasern hergestellt. In der Literatur werden aber auch andere Fasertypen für diesen Einsatzzweck beschrieben. So beansprucht EP-A 0 287 297 Fasern aus Polyamid 12 und EP-A 372 769 Fasern aus Polyamid 11 in analoger Weise.Paper felts used in practice today are mainly made from polyamide 6 or polyamide 6.6 fibers. However, other types of fibers are also described in the literature for this purpose. For example, EP-A 0 287 297 fibers made of polyamide 12 and EP-A 372 769 fibers made of polyamide 11 claimed in an analogous manner.

Die DE-OS 17 61 531 beschreibt Papiermaschinenfilze, die durch Verwendung von Vliesen aus Mischungen walk- oder schrumpffähiger Garne und Fasern mit unterschiedlicher Faserdicke, (denier) Kräuselung und Polymerbeschaffenheit eine besonders verdichtete Oberfläche aufweisen.DE-OS 17 61 531 describes paper machine felts which, by using nonwovens made from mixtures of walkable or shrinkable yarns and fibers with different fiber thickness, (denier) crimp and polymer properties, have a particularly compacted surface.

Die nach dem derzeitigen Stand der Technik für Papiermaschinenfilze eingesetzten Fasern werden industriell nach dem Stauchkammerverfahren zweidimensional gekräuselt. Diese harte mechanische Knickbeanspruchung führt jedoch zur Schädigung der Faserstruktur, welche sich in deutlich verschlechterten mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere der Abriebbeständigkeit gegenüber den ungekräuselten, aber so unbrauchbaren Fasern äussert.The fibers used according to the current state of the art for paper machine felts are crimped in two dimensions industrially using the stuffer box process. These hard mechanical buckling stress, however, leads to damage to the fiber structure, which manifests itself in significantly deteriorated mechanical properties, in particular the abrasion resistance compared to the uncrimped but unusable fibers.

Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass das Molekulargewicht der Faserpolymere bei der Stauchkräuselung an den Knickstellen infolge mechanischer Schädigung herabgesetzt wird.Investigations have shown that the molecular weight of the fiber polymers is reduced in the crimping at the kinks due to mechanical damage.

Die der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe stellt sich aus der noch immer ungenügenden Standzeit der Papiermaschinenfilze im industriellen Einsatz infolge der noch immer ungenügenden Abriebbeständigkeit. Weiterhin soll ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Filze angegeben werden.The object on which the present invention is based arises from the still inadequate service life of paper machine felts in industrial use due to the still inadequate abrasion resistance. Furthermore, a method for producing such felts is to be specified.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe werden Papiermaschinenfilze aus Faservliesen aus 3-dimensional gekräuselten synthetischen Fasern gemäss den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Papiermaschinenfilze gemäss kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 sowie die Verwendung der Faservliese vorgeschlagen.To solve this problem, paper machine felts made of 3-dimensionally crimped synthetic fibers according to the characterizing features of claim 1 or a method for producing the paper machine felts according to the characterizing features of claim 10 and the use of the nonwovens are proposed.

Die Unteransprüche bilden die Erfindung weiter aus.The subclaims further develop the invention.

Vor allem in der Filamentherstellung sind einige Verfahren bekannt, mit denen eine 3-dimensionale Kräuselung erzeugt werden kann. Diese Methoden sind aber prinzipiell auch zur Stapelfaserherstellung geeignet.Especially in filament production, some processes are known with which a 3-dimensional crimp can be generated. In principle, however, these methods are also suitable for the production of staple fibers.

Beispielhaft seien hier folgende Methoden erwähnt:

  • 1. Herstellung von Bikomponentenfasern mit nicht konzentrischer Verteilung der Komponenten - z.B. Seite an Seite. Auf Grund der unterschiedlichen physikalischen Eigenschaften (Ausdehnungskoeffizienten, Schrumpfverhalten, Wasseraufnahme) der beiden Komponenten wird den Fasern eine 3-dimensionale Kräuselung aufgezwungen. Die Herstellung derartiger Fasern ist schon lange Zeit Stand der Technik (z.B. Koch, P.A.; Chemiefasern/Textilind. (1979), 431 - 438).
    Vorteilhaft ist, wenn die beiden Polymerkomponenten in ihrem chemischen Aufbau möglichst ähnlich und damit miteinander verträglich sind, da sonst die Gefahr des Spleissens besteht. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung verschiedener Viskositäten ein und desselben Polymers oder die Verwendung des gleichen Polymers für beide Komponenten, wobei eine Komponente durch Additive modifiziert ist.
  • 2. Asymmetrische Abkühlung von Fäden beim Schmelzspinnen. Dies kann durch eine Flüssigkeit, einen scharfen Luftstrom oder auch feste gekühlte Teile erreicht werden, die einseitig mit den heissen Fäden in Kontakt kommen.
    Durch die asymmetrische Abkühlung wird die Struktur des Polymers beeinflusst. Dies führt dazu, dass die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Polymers innerhalb eines Filaments, ähnlich wie bei Bikomponentenfasern, verschieden sind.
  • 3. Air Jet oder Steam Jet Texturierung.
    Nach H. Schellenberg; 3. Reutlinger Texturier-Kolloquium (1984) lässt sich die Erzeugung der Kräuselung beim Air (Steam) Jet Verfahren folgendermassen beschreiben:
    Das Garn tritt nach dem Verstrecken mit einer Temperatur nahe dem Erweichungspunkt in die Texturierdüse ein. Dort wird es durch einen unter Druck stehenden Heissgasstrahl zusätzlich aufgeheizt und in den Stauteil gefördert. In diesem baut sich der vorhandene Druck durch Entlastungsöffnungen mehr oder weniger schlagartig ab, so dass der Fibrillenverband geöffnet und zu einem Pfropfen angestaut wird. Da sich der Druck jedoch nicht vollkommen aubbauen kann, wird der Pfropfen nach und nach durch den Stauteil ausgestossen. Die Intensität des Staus und der Pfropfenförderung sind durch die Art der Druckentlastung steuerbar.
The following methods are mentioned here as examples:
  • 1. Production of bicomponent fibers with a non-concentric distribution of the components - for example side by side. Due to the different physical properties (expansion coefficient, shrinking behavior, Water absorption) of the two components, a 3-dimensional crimp is forced on the fibers. The production of such fibers has long been state of the art (eg Koch, PA; Chemiefaser / Textilind. (1979), 431-438).
    It is advantageous if the chemical structure of the two polymer components is as similar as possible and therefore compatible with one another, since otherwise there is a risk of splicing. It is particularly preferred to use different viscosities of one and the same polymer or to use the same polymer for both components, one component being modified by additives.
  • 2. Asymmetrical cooling of threads during melt spinning. This can be achieved by a liquid, a sharp air flow or solid cooled parts that come into contact with the hot threads on one side.
    The structure of the polymer is influenced by the asymmetrical cooling. As a result, the physical properties of the polymer within a filament are different, similar to bicomponent fibers.
  • 3. Air Jet or Steam Jet texturing.
    After H. Schellenberg; 3rd Reutlinger Texturing Colloquium (1984) describes the generation of the crimp in the Air (Steam) jet process as follows:
    After drawing at a temperature near the softening point, the yarn enters the texturing nozzle. There it is additionally heated by a pressurized hot gas jet and fed into the storage section. In this the existing pressure builds up more or less through relief openings abruptly, so that the fibril bandage is opened and pent-up. However, since the pressure cannot build up completely, the plug is gradually ejected through the storage part. The intensity of the congestion and the plug delivery can be controlled by the type of pressure relief.

Ueberraschenderweise zeigte sich, dass die 3-dimensional gekräuselten synthetischen Fasern eine bei weitem bessere Abriebbeständigkeit besitzen, als zweidimensional gekräuselte Fasern aus dem gleichen Ausgangsmaterial. Die Kräuselung ist für die Verarbeitung der Fasern zu Vliesen notwendig und gibt dem Filz ein für den Wassertransport vorteilhaftes Volumen.Surprisingly, it was found that the 3-dimensional crimped synthetic fibers have a far better abrasion resistance than two-dimensional crimped fibers made from the same starting material. The crimp is necessary for the processing of the fibers into nonwovens and gives the felt an advantageous volume for water transport.

Die Vorteile von Papiermaschinenfilzen, die ganz oder teilweise aus 3-dimensional gekräuselten synthetischen Fasern hergestellt wurden, liegen in der längeren Lebensdauer und der Möglichkeit feinere Fasertiter als bei herkömmlichen verwendeten zweidimensional, Stauchkammergekräuselten Fasern einzusetzen. Damit können bevorzugt auch Fasertiter unter 10 dtex und besonders bevorzugt solche von 4,5 bis 6,5 dtex eingesetzt werden.The advantages of paper machine felts, which were made entirely or partially from 3-dimensional crimped synthetic fibers, are the longer service life and the possibility of using finer fiber titers than with conventionally used two-dimensional, compression chamber-crimped fibers. This means that fiber titers below 10 dtex and particularly preferably from 4.5 to 6.5 dtex can also be used.

Die erfindungsgemässen Papiermaschinenfilze werden ganz oder teilweise durch Aufnadeln von 3-dimensional gekräuselten synthetischen Fasern gemäss dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren in an sich bekannter Weise hergestellt.The paper machine felts according to the invention are produced in whole or in part by needling 3-dimensionally crimped synthetic fibers according to the method according to the invention in a manner known per se.

Prinzipiell ist die Erfindung nicht auf Fasern eines bestimmten Polymertyps oder einer bestimmten Polymerkombination beschränkt, sondern sie kann vorteilhaft die Fasereigenschaften jedes Polymertyps beeinflussen, der für Papiermaschinenbespannungen eingesetzt werden soll.In principle, the invention is not limited to fibers of a certain polymer type or a certain polymer combination, but it can advantageously influence the fiber properties of each type of polymer that is to be used for paper machine clothing.

Bevorzugt sind 3-dimensional gekräuselte synthetische Fasern aus Polyamiden. Dabei sind PA 6, PA 11, PA 12, PA 4.6, PA 6.6, PA 6,10, PA 6,12, PA 10,T, PA 12,T, PA 12.12 oder Copolyamide aus aliphatischen Monomeren mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen und/oder aromatischen Monomeren mit 6 bis 12 C-Atomen besonders bevorzugt. Bevorzugte Monomere für solche Copolyamide sind Caprolactam, Laurinlactam, Terephtalsäure und lineare α, Ω-Diamine mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen.3-dimensional crimped synthetic fibers made of polyamides are preferred. PA 6, PA 11, PA 12, PA 4.6, PA 6.6, PA 6.10, PA 6.12, PA 10, T, PA 12, T, PA 12.12 or copolyamides made of aliphatic monomers with 4 to 12 C- Atoms and / or aromatic monomers with 6 to 12 carbon atoms are particularly preferred. Preferred monomers for such copolyamides are caprolactam, laurolactam, terephthalic acid and linear α, Ω-diamines with 4 to 12 carbon atoms.

Die erfindungsgemässen 3-dimensional gekräuselten synthetischen Fasern können hervorragend zur Herstellung von genadelten Faservliesen verwendet werden, die als Papiermaschinenfilze einsetzbar sind, da diese eine im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik deutlich verbesserte Abriebbeständigkeit aufweisen.The 3-dimensionally crimped synthetic fibers according to the invention can be used excellently for the production of needled non-woven fabrics which can be used as paper machine felts, since these have a significantly improved abrasion resistance compared to the prior art.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Air jet texturierte Fasern wurden mit einer geeigneten Spinnvorrichtung unter Verwendung von getrocknetem PA 6 Granulat hergestellt, das mit 0.7% Irganox 1098 angerollt wurde. Das Granulat hatte eine relative Viskosität (gemessen in 96%iger Schwefelsäure (23°C), 1 g/100ml) eta rel. = 3.65.
Das Granulat wurde in einem Extruder aufgeschmolzen und anschliessend versponnen.
Die Spinndüse hatte 48 Loch mit 0,6 mm Durchmesser. Der Gesamtdurchsatz betrug 154 g/min. bei einer Spinngeschwindigkeit von 600 m/min.. Das Fadenbündel wurde nach dem Verlassen der Spinndüse durch Anblasen mit Luft abgekühlt, anschliessend präpariert und dann aufgespult.Air jet textured fibers were made with a suitable spinning device using dried PA 6 granules which were rolled with 0.7% Irganox 1098. The granules had a relative viscosity (measured in 96% sulfuric acid (23 ° C), 1 g / 100ml) eta rel. = 3.65.
The granules were melted in an extruder and then spun.
The spinneret had 48 holes with a diameter of 0.6 mm. The total throughput was 154 g / min. at a spinning speed of 600 m / min. After leaving the spinneret, the bundle of threads was cooled by blowing with air, then prepared and then wound up.

Das Spinngut wurde an einer Air Jet Texturiermaschine J 0/10 der Firma Rieter verstreckt, texturiert und dann mit Geschwindigkeiten von 1670 m/min aufgewickelt.
Anschliessend wurden die Filamente abgespult, spannungslos bei 165°C fixiert und geschnitten.
Die Fasern besitzen eine mindestens um 100% höhere Abriebbeständigkeit (DST Werte) als stauchkammergekräuselte Fasern aus einem entsprechenden Polymer.The spinning material was drawn on an Air Jet texturing machine J 0/10 from Rieter, textured and then wound up at speeds of 1670 m / min.
The filaments were then unwound, fixed without tension at 165 ° C. and cut.
The fibers have an abrasion resistance that is at least 100% higher (DST values) as stuffer box crimped fibers made from a corresponding polymer.

Aus den Fasern wurde ein Vlies mit einem Flächengewicht von 500 g/m² hergestellt, welches auf ein Grundgewebe aufgenadelt wurde. Derartige Testfilze zeigten eine mindestens 30% höhere Lebensdauer verglichen mit entsprechenden Filzen, die mit stauchkammergekräuselten Fasern (Vergleichsbeispiel 1) hergestellt wurden, wenn sie einem den Verhältnissen in der Papiermaschine nachempfundenen Test unterzogen wurden.A fleece with a basis weight of 500 g / m 2 was produced from the fibers, which was needled onto a base fabric. Such test felts showed an at least 30% longer lifespan compared to corresponding felts which were produced with fibers crimped in the stuffer box (comparative example 1) when they were subjected to a test based on the conditions in the paper machine.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Analog Beispiel 1 wurden Fasern hergestellt und zu Filzen verarbeitet, jedoch wurden die Fasern spinngestreckt. Diese Fasern besitzen ebenfalls sehr gute Abriebbeständigkeiten (DST Werte).
Die Lebensdauer der Filze war ca. 30% höher als bei den in Vergleichsbeispiel 1 beschriebenen Stauchkammergekräuselten Fasern.Fibers were produced and processed analogously to Example 1, but the fibers were spun drawn. These fibers also have very good abrasion resistance (DST values).
The lifespan of the felts was approximately 30% longer than that of the fibers crimped in the stuffer box described in Comparative Example 1.

Beispiel 3:Example 3:

Analog Beispiel 1 wurden Fasern aus PA 12 hergestellt und zu Filzen verarbeitet. Die Abriebbeständigkeit und die Filzlebensdauer waren wesentlich besser als bei den entsprechenden stauchkammergekräuselten Vergleichsfasern (Vergleichsbeispiel 2).Analogously to Example 1, fibers were made from PA 12 and processed into felt. The abrasion resistance and the felt life were significantly better than with the corresponding stuffer box crimped comparison fibers (comparative example 2).

Beispiel 4:Example 4:

Analog Beispiel 1 wurden Fasern aus PA 6,6 (eta rel. Granulat 3.4) hergestellt und geprüft.Analogously to Example 1, fibers made of PA 6.6 (eta rel. Granulate 3.4) were produced and tested.

Beispiel 5:Example 5:

Bikomponentenfasern wurden mit einer geeigneten Spinnvorrichtung unter Verwendung von getrocknetem PA 6 Granulat hergestellt, das mit 0,7% Irganox 1098 angerollt wurde. Die Granulate unterschieden sich in der relativen Viskosität (gemessen in 96%iger Schwefelsäure (23°C), 1 g/ml). Granulat A: eta rel. = 3.4 und Granulat B: eta rel. = 3.65. Die Granulate wurden in zwei verschiedenen Extrudern aufgeschmolzen und anschliessend mit einem Spinnpaket versponnen, in dem die beiden Schmelzeströme erst kurz vor dem Verlassen der Spinndüse so vereinigt wurden, dass eine Seite an Seite Anordnung der beiden Komponenten resultiert. Die Spinndüse hatte 200 Loch mit 0,4 mm Durchmesser. Der Gesamtdurchsatz betrug 550 g/min. bei einer Spinngeschwindigkeit von 770 m/min. Das Fadenbündel wurde nach dem Verlassen der Spinndüse durch Anblasen mit Luft abgekühlt, anschliessend präpariert und dann mit einer Haspel in Kannen abgelegt.
Das Spinngut wurde mit einer Streckstrasse üblicher Bauweise bei Galettentemperaturen von 60 bis 65°C verstreckt, aviviert, getrocknet und geschnitten. Die Eigenschaften der Fasern sind in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt.
Die Fasern besitzen eine mindestens um 100% höhere Abriebbeständigkeit (DST Werte) als stauchkammergekräuselte Fasern aus einem entsprechenden Polymer.Bicomponent fibers were made with a suitable spinning device using dried PA 6 granules, which were rolled with 0.7% Irganox 1098. The granules differed in their relative viscosity (measured in 96% sulfuric acid (23 ° C), 1 g / ml). Granules A: eta rel. = 3.4 and granulate B: eta rel. = 3.65. The granules were melted in two different extruders and then spun with a spin pack in which the two melt streams were only combined shortly before leaving the spinneret in such a way that the two components were arranged side by side. The spinneret had 200 holes with a diameter of 0.4 mm. The total throughput was 550 g / min. at a spinning speed of 770 m / min. After leaving the spinneret, the bundle of threads was cooled by blowing with air, then prepared and then placed in cans with a reel.
The spinning material was drawn, finished, dried and cut using a conventional stretching line at godet temperatures of 60 to 65 ° C. The properties of the fibers are listed in Table 1.
The fibers have at least 100% higher abrasion resistance (DST values) than crimped fibers made from a corresponding polymer.

Aus den Fasern wurde ein Vlies mit einem Flächengewicht von 500 g/m² hergestellt, welches auf ein Grundgewebe aufgenadelt wurde. Derartige Testfilze zeigten eine mindestens 30% höhere Lebensdauer verglichen mit entsprechenden Filzen (Vergleichsbeispiel 1), die mit stauchkammergekräuselten Fasern hergestellt wurden, wenn sie einem dem Verhältnissen in der Papiermaschine nachempfundenen Test unterzogen wurden.A fleece with a basis weight of 500 g / m 2 was produced from the fibers, which was needled onto a base fabric. Such test felts showed an at least 30% longer lifespan compared to corresponding felts (comparative example 1) which were produced with fibers crimped in the stuffer box when they were subjected to a test based on the conditions in the paper machine.

Beispiel 6:Example 6:

Analog Beispiel 5 wurden Fasern aus PA 12 Granulat unterschiedlicher Viskosität (eta rel 2.0 und 2.2 gemessen in m-Kresol, 25°C, 0.5 g/100 ml) hergestellt und zu Filzen verarbeitet. Diese Fasern besitzen ebenfalls sehr gute Abriebbeständigkeiten (DST Werte).
Die Lebensdauer der Filze war um 25% höher als bei den unter 2. beschriebenen Vergleichsfasern.Analogously to Example 5, fibers were made from PA 12 granules of different viscosity (eta rel 2.0 and 2.2 measured in m-cresol, 25 ° C., 0.5 g / 100 ml) and processed into felts. These fibers also have very good abrasion resistance (DST values).
The lifespan of the felts was 25% longer than that of the Comparative fibers described under 2.

Beispiel 7:Example 7:

Analog Beispiel 1 wurden Fasern aus PA 6 und Copolyamid auf Basis von Caprolactam/Laurinlactam hergestellt und zu Filzen verarbeitet.Analogously to Example 1, fibers made of PA 6 and copolyamide based on caprolactam / laurolactam were produced and processed into felts.

Beispiel 8:Example 8:

Analog Beispiel 1 wurden Fasern aus PA 6-Granulat (eta rel. 3.4) und PA 66-Granulat (eta rel. 3.4) hergestellt und zu Filzen verarbeitet.Analogously to Example 1, fibers were made from PA 6 granules (eta rel. 3.4) and PA 66 granules (eta rel. 3.4) and processed into felts.

Vergleichsbeispiel 1:Comparative Example 1:

Stauchkammergekräuselte Polyamid 6 Fasern wurden als Vergleichsvariante geprüft. Die Testergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 dargestellt.Stuffer box crimped polyamide 6 fibers were tested as a comparison variant. The test results are shown in Table 1.

Vergleichsbeispiel 2:Comparative Example 2:

Stauchkammergekräuselte Polyamid 12 Fasern wurden als Vergleichsvariante geprüft.Stuffer box crimped polyamide 12 fibers were tested as a comparison variant.

Die an den Fasern der Beispiele gemessenen Kenndaten sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengestellt.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 The characteristic data measured on the fibers of the examples are summarized in Table 1.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Tabelle 1 zeigt deutlich, dass 3-dimensional gekräuselte synthetische Fasern verglichen mit entsprechenden zweidimensional gekräuselten Fasern wesentlich abriebbeständiger sind.Table 1 clearly shows that 3-dimensional crimped synthetic fibers are significantly more abrasion-resistant compared to corresponding two-dimensional crimped fibers.

Zu Beispiel 4 sei darauf hingewiesen, dass aus dem technischen Merkblatt "Grilon" für Papiermaschinen bekannt ist, dass PA 6.6 nur etwa 60 bis 70 % der Abriebbeständigkeit von PA 6 hat.For example 4, it should be pointed out that it is known from the technical data sheet "Grilon" for paper machines that PA 6.6 only has about 60 to 70% of the abrasion resistance of PA 6.

Claims (21)

Papiermaschinenfilze aus - einem Grundgewebe und - wenigstens einer Schicht aus Faservlies aus thermoplastischen schmelzgesponnenen Polymer-Fasern, die auf das Grundgewebe aufgenadelt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Faservlies ganz oder teilweise aus 3-dimensional gekräuselten Fasern besteht.Paper machine felts - a base fabric and at least one layer of non-woven fabric made of thermoplastic melt-spun polymer fibers, which is needled onto the base fabric, characterized in that the nonwoven fabric consists entirely or partially of 3-dimensional crimped fibers. Papiermaschinenfilz gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3-dimensional gekräuselten Fasern Bikomponentenfasern sind.Paper machine felt according to claim 1, characterized in that the 3-dimensionally crimped fibers are bicomponent fibers. Papiermaschinenfilz gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3-dimensional gekräuselten Fasern asymmetrisch abgekühlte Polymerfasern sind.Paper machine felt according to claim 1, characterized in that the 3-dimensionally crimped fibers are asymmetrically cooled polymer fibers. Papiermaschinenfi1zX gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3-dimensional gekräuselten Fasern nach dem Air Jet Verfahren gekräuselt sind.Papiermaschinenfi1zX according to claim 1, characterized in that the 3-dimensional crimped fibers are crimped by the air jet method. Papiermaschinenfilz gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3-dimensional gekräuselten Fasern nach dem Steam Jet Verfahren gekräuselt sind.Paper machine felt according to claim 1, characterized in that the 3-dimensional crimped fibers are crimped by the steam jet process. Papiermaschinenfilz gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3-dimensional gekräuselten Fasern aus mindestens einer Polyamidkomponente bestehen.Paper machine felt according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the 3-dimensionally crimped fibers consist of at least one polyamide component. Papiermaschinenfilz gemäss den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3 dimensional gekräuselten Fasern aus mindestens zwei Polyamidkomponenten mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften bestehen.Paper machine felt according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the 3 dimensionally crimped fibers consist of at least two polyamide components with different properties. Papiermaschinenfilz gemäss Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polyamidkomponente ein Polyamid, ausgelesen aus der Gruppe Polyamid 6, Polyamid 11, Polyamid 12, Polyamid 4,6, Polyamid 6,6, Polyamid 6,10, Polyamid 6,12, Polyamid 10,T, Polyamid 12,T, Polyamid 12,12 und Copolyamid aus aliphatischen Monomeren mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen und/oder aromatischen Monomeren mit 6 bis 12 C-Atomen ist.Paper machine felt according to claim 6, characterized in that the polyamide component is a polyamide, selected from the group polyamide 6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 4.6, polyamide 6.6, polyamide 6.10, polyamide 6.12, polyamide 10, T, polyamide 12, T, polyamide 12, 12 and copolyamide from aliphatic monomers with 4 to 12 C atoms and / or aromatic monomers with 6 to 12 C atoms. Papiermaschinenfilz gemäss Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Polyamidkomponenten ein Polyamid, ausgelesen aus der Gruppe Polyamid 6, Polyamid 11, Polyamid 12, Polyamid 4,6, Polyamid 6,6, Polyamid 6,10, Polyamid 6,12, Polyamid 10,T, Polyamid 12,T, Polyamid 12,12 und Copolyamid aus aliphatischen Monomeren mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen und/oder aromatischen Monomeren mit 6 bis 12 C-Atomen ist.Paper machine felt according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one of the polyamide components is a polyamide, selected from the group polyamide 6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 4.6, polyamide 6.6, polyamide 6.10, polyamide 6.12, polyamide 10, T, polyamide 12, T, polyamide 12, 12 and copolyamide from aliphatic monomers with 4 to 12 C atoms and / or aromatic monomers with 6 to 12 C atoms. Papiermaschinenfilz gemäss den Ansprüchen 8 und 9, wobei das Copolyamid aus Monomeren ausgelesen aus der Gruppe Caprolactam, Laurinlactam, Terephthalsäure und lineare α, Ω-Diamine mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen aufgebaut ist.Paper machine felt according to claims 8 and 9, wherein the copolyamide is selected from monomers selected from the group caprolactam, laurolactam, terephthalic acid and linear α, Ω-diamines having 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines genadelten Papiermaschinenfilzes in an sich bekannter Weise aus einem Grundgewebe und wenigstens einer Schicht eines Faservlieses aus thermoplastischen schmelzgesponnenen Polymer-Fasern, die auf das Grundgewebe aufgenadelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Filze ganz oder teilweise durch Aufnadeln von 3-dimensional gekräuselten Fasern herstellt.Process for producing a needled paper machine felt in a manner known per se from a base fabric and at least one layer of a nonwoven fabric made of thermoplastic melt-spun polymer fibers, which is needled onto the base fabric, characterized in that the felts are wholly or partly by needling in 3-dimensionally produces crimped fibers. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichent, dass man als 3-dimensional gekräuselte Fasern Bikomponentenfasern einsetzt.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that bicomponent fibers are used as 3-dimensional crimped fibers. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als 3-dimensional gekräuselte Fasern asymmetrisch abgekühlte Polymer-Fasern einsetzt.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that asymmetrically cooled polymer fibers are used as 3-dimensional crimped fibers. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als 3-dimensional gekräuselte Fasern nach dem Air Jet Verfahren gekräuselte Fasern einsetzt.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that crimped fibers are used as 3-dimensional crimped fibers according to the Air Jet method. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als 3-dimensional gekräuselte Fasern nach dem Steam Jet Verfahren gekräuselte Fasern einsetzt.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that crimped fibers are used as 3-dimensional crimped fibers according to the steam jet process. Verfahren gemass den Ansprüchen 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3-dimensional gekräuselten Fasern aus einer Polyamidkomponente bestehen.Method according to claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the 3-dimensionally crimped fibers consist of a polyamide component. Verfahren gemäss den Ansprüchen 10 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3-dimensional gekräuselten Fasern aus mehreren Polyamidkomponenten mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften bestehen.A method according to claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the 3-dimensionally crimped fibers consist of several polyamide components with different properties. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polyamidkomponente ein Polyamid, ausgelesen aus der Gruppe Polyamid 6, Polyamid 11, Polyamid 12, Polyamid 4,6, Polyamid 6,6, Polyamid 6,10, Polyamid 6,12, Polyamid 10,T, Polyamid 12,T, Polyamid 12,12 und Copolyamid aus aliphatischen Monomeren mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen und/oder aromatischen Monomeren mit 6 bis 12 C-Atomen ist.A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the polyamide component is a polyamide, selected from the group polyamide 6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 4.6, polyamide 6.6, polyamide 6.10, polyamide 6.12, polyamide 10, T, polyamide 12, T, polyamide 12, 12 and copolyamide from aliphatic monomers with 4 to 12 C atoms and / or aromatic monomers with 6 to 12 C atoms. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Polyamidkomponente ein Polyamid, ausgelesen aus der Gruppe Polyamid 6, Polyamid 11, Polyamid 12, Polyamid 4,6, Polyamid 6,6, Polyamid 6,10, Polyamid 6,12, Polyamid 10,T, Polyamid 12,T, Polyamid 12,12 und Copolyamid aus aliphatischen Monomeren mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen und/oder aromatischen Monomeren mit 6 bis 12 C-Atomen ist.A method according to claim 17, characterized in that at least one of the polyamide component is a polyamide, selected from the group polyamide 6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 4.6, polyamide 6.6, polyamide 6.10, polyamide 6.12, polyamide 10, T, polyamide 12, T, polyamide 12, 12 and copolyamide from aliphatic monomers with 4 to 12 carbon atoms and / or aromatic Monomers with 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Verfahren gemäss den Ansprüchen 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Copolyamid aus Monomeren ausgelesen aus der Gruppe Caprolactam, Laurinlactam, Terephthalsäure und lineare α, Ω-Diamine mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen aufgebaut ist.Process according to claims 18 or 19, characterized in that the copolyamide is composed of monomers selected from the group caprolactam, laurolactam, terephthalic acid and linear α, Ω-diamines having 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Verwendung von Faservliesen die zumindest teilweise aus thermoplastischen schmelzgesponnenen 3-dimensional gekräuselten Polymerfasern aus der Gruppe der Bikomponentenfasern asymmetrisch abgekühlte Fasern Air-jetgekräuselte Fasern und Steam-jet-gekräuselte Fasern bestehen, zur Herstellung von Papiermaschinenfilzen.Use of non-woven fabrics which at least partially consist of thermoplastic melt-spun 3-dimensionally crimped polymer fibers from the group of bicomponent fibers, asymmetrically cooled fibers, air-jet-crimped fibers and steam-jet-crimped fibers, for the production of paper machine felts.
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WO1995028519A1 (en) * 1994-04-15 1995-10-26 Scapa Group Plc Papermachine clothing
EP0741204A2 (en) 1995-05-04 1996-11-06 Huyck Licensco, Inc. Papermakers' press fabric
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EP1004691A1 (en) * 1998-11-26 2000-05-31 EMS-Chemie AG Core-sheath bicomponent fibres for papermaking clothing
EP0683828B2 (en) † 1992-02-11 2001-09-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making polyamide fiber useful as staple for papermaking machine felt
AT410682B (en) * 1999-09-01 2003-06-25 Huyck Austria Compacting felt, used for machines which process and finish textile materials giving them non-shrink character, comprises woven base supporting needle-bonded non-woven layer
US7674732B2 (en) * 2004-06-25 2010-03-09 Ichikawa Co., Ltd. Felt for papermaking

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EP0683828B2 (en) † 1992-02-11 2001-09-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making polyamide fiber useful as staple for papermaking machine felt
WO1995016810A1 (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-06-22 Ems-Inventa Ag Paper-machine felt
US5783501A (en) * 1993-12-16 1998-07-21 Ems-Inventa Ag Paper machine felts
WO1995028519A1 (en) * 1994-04-15 1995-10-26 Scapa Group Plc Papermachine clothing
EP0741204A2 (en) 1995-05-04 1996-11-06 Huyck Licensco, Inc. Papermakers' press fabric
WO1998019077A1 (en) 1996-10-26 1998-05-07 Scapa Group Plc Expandable pintle wires
US6212739B1 (en) 1996-10-26 2001-04-10 Robert L. Crook Expandable pintle wires
EP1004691A1 (en) * 1998-11-26 2000-05-31 EMS-Chemie AG Core-sheath bicomponent fibres for papermaking clothing
AT410682B (en) * 1999-09-01 2003-06-25 Huyck Austria Compacting felt, used for machines which process and finish textile materials giving them non-shrink character, comprises woven base supporting needle-bonded non-woven layer
US7674732B2 (en) * 2004-06-25 2010-03-09 Ichikawa Co., Ltd. Felt for papermaking

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