EP0528394A1 - Système d'emballage - Google Patents

Système d'emballage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0528394A1
EP0528394A1 EP92113981A EP92113981A EP0528394A1 EP 0528394 A1 EP0528394 A1 EP 0528394A1 EP 92113981 A EP92113981 A EP 92113981A EP 92113981 A EP92113981 A EP 92113981A EP 0528394 A1 EP0528394 A1 EP 0528394A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
manageability
ring
soft pack
packaging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92113981A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0528394B1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Haubenwallner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0528394A1 publication Critical patent/EP0528394A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0528394B1 publication Critical patent/EP0528394B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/04—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
    • B65D77/06—Liquids or semi-liquids or other materials or articles enclosed in flexible containers disposed within rigid containers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a packaging system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a packaging system referred to as an “eco-light pack” is already used for packaging detergents.
  • the detergent is filled into a thin-walled and therefore soft inner container made of plastic with a rectangular cross-section, which is provided with a screw cap.
  • the inner container is enclosed by a rectangular cardboard sleeve which is glued to the soft inner packaging and which forms the manageability part.
  • the rectangular box shape requires a relatively large packaging surface and thus the amount of packaging material.
  • the inner container still has to be made of a relatively thick film, and not so much because of its packaging function, i.e. to hold the contents, but to support the screw cap attached to the soft package when opening and closing.
  • the relatively thick packaging material of the inner container not only results in a corresponding weight, but rather the inner container can only be compressed to a limited extent in the empty state, i.e. it springs back so that there is a relatively large empty volume.
  • the cardboard must be torn open before the disposal and the glued inner container must be removed, with cardboard and adhesive residues remaining on the inner container, thereby sort recycling is practically impossible.
  • the separate disposal of cardboard and plastic inner containers involves complex logistics and the associated disadvantages. For example, the carton and plastic container have to be placed in different waste containers by the consumer, which is a further complication, with the result that the more convenient, less environmentally conscious part of the consumer will refrain from separate disposal.
  • bag-in-a-box packaging systems consist of a flexible, cuboid-shaped plastic container filled with a liquid, which is arranged in a supporting carton (cf. for example FR-PS 2 483 893, US Pat. No. 3 007 608, U.S. Patent 3,117,695 and EP 0 180 137 A2).
  • FR-PS 2 476 606 From FR-PS 2 476 606 a thermos or the like.
  • Double-walled bottle emerges, in which the inner bottle, which is in the outer container, protrudes with its neck through an opening in the outer container.
  • On the neck of the inner bottle which can be closed with a stopper put on a screw cap that interacts with a thread that is attached to the opening of the outer container.
  • the essentially cylindrical outer container consists of two parts, the are screwed together.
  • the inner bottle must be made of a solid material for support on the floor.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a packaging system in which essentially only packaging with a significantly reduced packaging weight and volume has to be disposed of.
  • the filling material is contained in a bag or the like.
  • Soft packaging i. H. in a packaging made of a light, flexible packaging material.
  • the packaging material can e.g. B. plastic, paper, cardboard, rubber or metal.
  • the packaging can be made by welding, blowing or spraying.
  • As a plastic practically every plastic used today for plastic bottles comes into question, e.g. B. polyethylene.
  • the filler can be liquid, pasty or powdery.
  • the packaging can be flexible, in particular a bag, because the package with the ring is held or fixed at its opening at the edge at the opening of the manageability part.
  • the bag only needs to summarize the contents and differentiate them from the environment, while the other functions of a packaging, in particular the placement thereof and the handling of the contents in the packaging Use according to the invention can be taken over by the handle bar part.
  • the bag is preferably made of plastics. It can then be particularly light and thin-walled. However, other packaging materials such as metal foils, rubber or cardboard are also possible. If plastic is used, the weight of the packaging can be reduced to 10 g or less, preferably 5 g or less, per liter of packaging capacity.
  • the packaging Since the packaging is flexible and thin-walled, it can be reduced to a correspondingly small volume when empty. This means that the empty bag collapses when it is removed from the manageability part and results in a substantially small empty volume compared to the known light packs.
  • the manageability part can also be made more expensive or more functional without significantly increasing the costs per cycle. For example, more or less complex metering devices, atomizers and the like, and similar devices can be provided on the manageability part.
  • the manageability part can be made more complex in terms of material due to its multiple uses. So it can consist not only of plastic, but also of more expensive materials such as glass, ceramic or metal.
  • the packaging is full and closed, it is largely dimensionally stable due to the contents, i.e. when fully filled, the package can be labeled, placed down and handled in any other way.
  • the shape stability of the filled state is guaranteed for solid and liquid contents by the shape of the packaging; for solid contents, the pack can also be shaped accordingly after filling.
  • the ring on the inner packing overlaps the edge of the opening provided on the manageability part.
  • the soft inner pack hangs with its entire weight on the ring or it stands up more or less easily, so that the ring only takes up part of the weight of the soft inner pack when the manageability part stands upright. Due to the standing area on the manageability part, the manageability part with the inner packing arranged therein can be parked steadily.
  • the ring at the opening of the inner packing preferably also serves as a sealing ring.
  • the opening of the manageability part can be formed by a neck or the like. If the closure is formed by a screw closure, the thread of the screw closure is preferably provided on the neck. The screw cap screwed onto this thread then presses the ring against the edge at the opening of the manageability part in the closed position and thus additionally seals the inner packing from the outside.
  • a bayonet lock can be provided, in which one part is formed by the neck on the manageability part and the other part by a cap which, in the closed position, presses the ring on the inner packing against the edge at the opening of the manageability part. It is also possible to use a stopper which has, for example, a ring-shaped extension at the top, with which the ring on the inner packing is pressed against the edge at the opening of the manageability part.
  • the ring can also be connected to the bag via a sleeve the sleeve having an outside diameter corresponding to the inside diameter of the neck to form an interference fit in the neck.
  • the fixation can also take place in another way, for example by means of a Velcro fastener or a (non-hardening) adhesive connection between the ring and / or the sleeve provided on the ring and the opening or neck of the manageability part.
  • a sleeve is preferably provided for fixing the inner pack, which can be pushed into the opening of the soft pack and then presses the soft pack against the manageability part in this area.
  • the fixing sleeve can be provided with an annular shoulder which, when the sleeve is pushed in, presses the ring at the opening of the soft pack against the edge at the opening of the handling part.
  • the ring is preferably integrally connected to the bag or the like.
  • Flexible soft container of the inner pack can be made in one piece. However, it can also be welded, glued or otherwise permanently connected to the bag or container.
  • the ring can consist of the same materials as the packaging of the inner pack, e.g. made of plastic, rubber, cardboard or metal. However, a plastic ring is preferred. If the opening or the neck of the manageability part has a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the inner pack, the ring must be designed to be flexible in order to be able to pass it through the opening or the neck when the ring and packaging of the inner pack are formed in one piece.
  • the inner package to be inserted into the manageability part is normally closed.
  • a stopper can be provided which is inserted into the ring, but the inner packing is preferably sealed at its opening.
  • a plate can be provided which is welded, glued or connected in some other way to the ring.
  • the tile can be made from one Plastic or metal foil or cardboard.
  • the ring can also be pressed together and then welded, glued or closed in some other way.
  • the closure of the inner pack must be such that the inner pack can be handled and transported without problems from the filling station to the user, that is to say until it is inserted into the manageability part.
  • the inner pack is preferably opened only after it has been introduced into the manageability part, that is to say that its ring engages over the edge of the opening of the manageability part.
  • the ring on the inner packaging are passed through the opening of the manageability part. This can be done by pulling the ring through the opening or the neck of the manageability part.
  • the soft or inner pack can have a pulling aid at its opening. This can be, for example, a tab that is attached to the ring.
  • the pull-in aid is preferably designed in such a way that it at the same time enables the sealed inner pack to be opened, in particular as a zipper.
  • the tab can also serve to tear open the tab and thus open the inner pack.
  • the pull-in aid can also be designed in a different way, for example as a thread, which in turn can also be used as a tear thread for opening the sealed opening of the inner pack.
  • the manageability part of the packaging system according to the invention can be designed in very different ways. All that is essential is the opening on the manageability part for holding the ring of the inner pack and a footprint of the manageability part, as well as a device for also being able to handle the manageability part comfortably, that is, a handle or the like.
  • the manageability part need not have a closed circumference, but can for example be open on the side, the base can be designed as a ring, etc.
  • the manageability part therefore only needs to enclose the soft inner packing to the extent necessary for its manageability.
  • the inner pack can be brought together with the manageability part from above, from below and from the side.
  • the manageability part preferably has the shape of a bottle, for example a plastic bottle with a handle, as is generally used today for a wide variety of liquid detergents in the household.
  • Such a bottle only needs to be changed slightly in order to be used as a manageability part in the packaging system according to the invention. This means that the bottle can only be modified so that the inner pack can be inserted into it.
  • the bottle can also be designed in a different way for opening and thus for inserting the inner pack, for example in two or more parts, for example by means of a two-part, longitudinally cut configuration, it being possible for the two parts to be able to be opened apart.
  • the inner pack has been inserted into the bottle-shaped manageability part, this is expediently closed so tightly that when the side walls of the bottle-shaped manageability part are compressed, pressure is exerted on the inner pack and the contents thereof can thus be pressed out.
  • the inner pack is of course made smaller than the bottle-shaped manageability part so that it can be inserted into the bottle-shaped manageability part.
  • the shape and size of the inner pack and bottle-shaped handling part are preferably largely matched to one another. That is, for a bottle-shaped manageability part with an oval cross section, an inner packing is preferably provided which has the same bottle shape and the same oval cross section.
  • the shape and size of the handling part and inner packing are preferably designed differently for the individual filling goods. That is, a manageability part, which is designed, in particular according to its labeling, for a specific product, and the inner pack are matched in shape and size so that an inner pack with another product does not fit into the manageability part. This ensures that only one inner pack with the appropriate contents fits into a certain manageability part. In this way, mix-ups can be avoided.
  • the bottle-shaped manageability part is preferably not cylindrical, for example oval or angular.
  • a soft or inner pack 1 is inserted into a manageability part 2.
  • the soft pack 1 is formed by a bag and is filled with filling material.
  • the manageability part 2 is bottle-shaped, ie it has a neck 3 at the top, a belly section 4 and a bottom section 5 at the bottom. On the belly section 4 there is a handle 6 attached. In the bottom section 5, an opening 7 is provided which extends over almost the entire width of the bottom, so that the edge 8 forms an annular standing surface of the handling part 2 around the opening 7 on the bottom.
  • the soft pack 1 is adapted to the shape and size of the manageability part 2, but is somewhat shorter than the manageability part 2. This means that the soft pack 1 in turn has a neck section 9, around the end of which a ring 10 extends.
  • the ring 10 is e.g. closed by a film, not shown in the drawing.
  • On the ring 10 is designed as a pulling aid 11 tab or the like. attached.
  • the ring 10 which is flexible, is pulled through the neck 3 of the manageability part 2, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the retraction aid 11 is attached to the side of the ring 10, so that the ring 10 is more easily deformed and can therefore be easily pulled through the neck 3 of the manageability part 2.
  • the ring 10 When the ring 10 has been pulled through the neck 3, it rests on the edge 12 which extends around the opening 13 of the neck 3 of the manageability part 2.
  • the pull-in aid 11 is removed, for example by tearing it off.
  • the aforementioned film on the ring 10 is torn off or torn open, as a result of which an opening 14 is formed on the soft packing 1. Since the pack 1 is shorter than the manageability part 2, it hangs with the ring 10 on the edge 12 of the neck 3 of the manageability part 2 when the manageability part 2 stands upright.
  • the soft pack can also be flush with the edge 8, but must not protrude beyond the edge 8 of the bottom section 5 of the manageability part 2, since the stability of the manageability part 2 would be lost.
  • the neck 3 of the manageability part 2 is provided with an external thread 15, onto which a screw cap 16 with an internal thread 17 can be screwed around the opening 14 of the Seal soft pack 1.
  • a screw cap 16 with an internal thread 17 can be screwed around the opening 14 of the Seal soft pack 1.
  • the screw cap 16 presses with its base 18 the ring 10 against the edge 12 at the opening 13 of the neck 3 of the manageability part 2, whereby the ring 10 also forms a seal.
  • the opening 7 in the bottom section 5 can be closed by a cover 19.
  • the interior of the manageability part 2 is thus closed to the outside. If the manageability part 2 is then pressed together in the region of the belly section 4, a pressure is exerted on the soft pack 1, by means of which the filling material in the soft pack 1 is pressed out.
  • the soft pack 2 is thus closed by a screw closure, which is composed of the external thread 15 on the neck 3 of the manageability part 2 and the screw cap 16.
  • no thread is provided on the neck 9 of the soft pack 1.
  • this reduces the manufacturing costs of the soft pack 1 and, on the other hand, the neck 9 of the soft pack 1 can be made as flexible as the rest of the bag. This means that the neck 9 is practically insignificant in terms of weight and volume when it is disposed of.
  • FIG. 5 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 essentially in that for fixing the ring 10, for. B. after opening the screw cap in the handling part 2 hanging soft pack 1, a sleeve 22 is provided which presses the soft pack 1 in the region of the neck 9 against the neck 3 of the manageability part 2.
  • the Fixing sleeve 22 has an annular extension 23 which, when sleeve 22 is pushed into neck 3 of soft pack 1, presses ring 10 against edge 12 of neck opening 13.
  • the ring 10 engages over the edge 12 of the neck 3 of the manageability part 2.
  • mutually cooperating projections and recesses can be provided, whereby a catch 24 is formed which forms the Ring 10 fixed.
  • This embodiment is particularly intended for soft packs that are suitable for insertion due to their inherent stability.
  • the pulling aid 11 can then be omitted.
  • the soft pack 1 is placed in a foldable handling part 2.
  • the manageability part 2 is divided lengthwise except for a hinge 25 on the belly section 4, including the external thread 15 and the bottom section 5. If the manageability part 2 is formed by a plastic injection-molded part, the hinge 21 can be formed by a film hinge.
  • the pack 1 After the pack 1 has been inserted into the manageability part 2, the latter is closed, as illustrated by the arrow 26 in FIG. 8. By a rest or the like, not shown in the drawing.
  • the handling part 2 with the soft packing 1 arranged therein is then held in the closed position, which is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, in the closure. 8 and 10 also show that the manageability part 2 and thus also the soft pack 1 are oval in cross section in the region of the abdominal and base sections 4 and 5.
  • the manageability part and soft packing can also be circular, rectangular or prismatic in cross-section or have another shape.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Container Filling Or Packaging Operations (AREA)
EP92113981A 1991-08-20 1992-08-17 Système d'emballage Expired - Lifetime EP0528394B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT163091 1991-08-20
AT1630/91 1991-08-20
CA002115514A CA2115514A1 (fr) 1991-08-20 1994-02-11 Systeme d'emballage
US08/200,231 US5429263A (en) 1991-08-20 1994-02-23 Package system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0528394A1 true EP0528394A1 (fr) 1993-02-24
EP0528394B1 EP0528394B1 (fr) 1995-11-22

Family

ID=27147724

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92113981A Expired - Lifetime EP0528394B1 (fr) 1991-08-20 1992-08-17 Système d'emballage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5429263A (fr)
EP (1) EP0528394B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE130571T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2115514A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59204412D1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001081196A1 (fr) * 2000-04-25 2001-11-01 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Receptacle comprenant un recipient interne pliable
US6536484B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2003-03-25 Shell Oil Company Container and a process for filling said container
US6598631B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2003-07-29 Shell Oil Company Device and process for product reconstitution
US6615880B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2003-09-09 Shell Oil Company Process and machine for product mixing
US6761318B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2004-07-13 Shell Oil Company Container and process for monitoring and recordal of product information
US7065940B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2006-06-27 Shell Oil Company Product delivery system

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US5524787A (en) * 1993-02-02 1996-06-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Lightweight, composite container
US5695090A (en) * 1995-05-22 1997-12-09 Burdick; Geoffrey C. Impact resistant insulating bottle container
US5627150A (en) * 1995-10-16 1997-05-06 Ecolab Inc. Paperboard container for solid block detergents
AUPO028596A0 (en) * 1996-06-06 1996-07-04 Blackmores Limited Product packaging system
WO1999005037A1 (fr) * 1997-07-23 1999-02-04 Amcad Holdings Limited Sac a bouche ouverte
FR2845068B1 (fr) * 2002-10-01 2004-10-29 Qualipac Sa Dispositif de distribution de fluide
US6737091B1 (en) * 2002-11-14 2004-05-18 Littell, Ii Corwin P. Disposable baby bottle device
US7165732B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2007-01-23 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Adapter assembly for a fluid supply assembly
US7380680B2 (en) * 2004-01-16 2008-06-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fluid supply assembly
US7665672B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2010-02-23 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Antistatic paint cup
US7086549B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2006-08-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fluid supply assembly
US7766250B2 (en) 2004-06-01 2010-08-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Antistatic paint cup
US7757972B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2010-07-20 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Conversion adapter for a fluid supply assembly
US7354074B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2008-04-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Adapter assembly for a fluid supply assembly
US7353964B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2008-04-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fluid supply assembly
WO2006079981A2 (fr) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Ensemble d'alimentation en fluide a guide de mesure
GB0524789D0 (en) 2005-12-05 2006-01-11 Myerscough Martin Container
US20090025883A1 (en) * 2007-07-12 2009-01-29 Arfaras Alexander K Essential nomenclature safety labeler (ENSL)
US20090285949A1 (en) * 2008-05-15 2009-11-19 Wendell Brown Expandable Food Container
KR20110069808A (ko) * 2008-09-12 2011-06-23 에코 로직 브랜드 인크 물질 보유용 컨테이너
WO2013036695A1 (fr) 2011-09-09 2013-03-14 Eco. Logic Brands Récipients pour contenir des matériaux
US8662330B2 (en) 2009-09-03 2014-03-04 Cap-N-Lock, Llc Lockable cap for medical prescription bottle
US8931652B2 (en) * 2009-09-03 2015-01-13 Cap N Lock Llc Lockable cap for a bottle
BR112012022592A2 (pt) 2010-03-10 2018-09-04 Ecologic Brands Inc recipiente de contenção de materiais
US8663419B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2014-03-04 Ecologic Manual container assembly and liner integration fixture for pulp-molded shell with polymer liner container systems
USD720227S1 (en) 2012-09-06 2014-12-30 Eco.Logic Brands Inc. Container for holding materials
EP3038936A4 (fr) 2013-10-02 2017-04-05 Eco.logic Brands Inc. Récipients pour matières particulaires
US9758989B1 (en) 2014-03-26 2017-09-12 Gatekeeper Innovation, Inc. Locking cap with push button reset
GB2524822B (en) * 2014-04-04 2016-09-14 3 Boys Ltd Container including outer shell and inner liner
US10717571B1 (en) 2018-03-06 2020-07-21 Gatekeeper Innovation, Inc. Clam shell cover cap and method of use
US11279535B1 (en) 2018-03-06 2022-03-22 Gatekeeper Innovation, Inc. Clam shell cover cap and method of use
CN114620351A (zh) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-14 台州市祥珑食品容器科技股份有限公司 可更换内袋的包装容器

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FR1287487A (fr) * 1961-01-31 1962-03-16 Emballage de liquide
FR2087296A5 (fr) * 1970-05-13 1971-12-31 Filleul Andre
NL7607982A (en) * 1976-07-19 1978-01-23 Leer Koninklijke Emballage Compressible plastics container with spray nozzle - has internal plastics bag resistant to contents
DE9010979U1 (de) * 1990-07-21 1990-10-31 Schmidt-Möbius, Hans, 2000 Hamburg Spender
US4984713A (en) * 1987-03-31 1991-01-15 Chambers Gary C Carbonated beverage dispenser

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Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1287487A (fr) * 1961-01-31 1962-03-16 Emballage de liquide
FR2087296A5 (fr) * 1970-05-13 1971-12-31 Filleul Andre
NL7607982A (en) * 1976-07-19 1978-01-23 Leer Koninklijke Emballage Compressible plastics container with spray nozzle - has internal plastics bag resistant to contents
US4984713A (en) * 1987-03-31 1991-01-15 Chambers Gary C Carbonated beverage dispenser
DE9010979U1 (de) * 1990-07-21 1990-10-31 Schmidt-Möbius, Hans, 2000 Hamburg Spender

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001081196A1 (fr) * 2000-04-25 2001-11-01 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Receptacle comprenant un recipient interne pliable
US6536484B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2003-03-25 Shell Oil Company Container and a process for filling said container
US6598631B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2003-07-29 Shell Oil Company Device and process for product reconstitution
US6615880B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2003-09-09 Shell Oil Company Process and machine for product mixing
US6761318B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2004-07-13 Shell Oil Company Container and process for monitoring and recordal of product information
US7065940B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2006-06-27 Shell Oil Company Product delivery system
US7066215B1 (en) 2000-04-25 2006-06-27 Shell Oil Company Method for product mixing
CN100453420C (zh) * 2000-04-25 2009-01-21 国际壳牌研究有限公司 用于再填充、运输和存储产品的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2115514A1 (fr) 1995-08-12
DE59204412D1 (de) 1996-01-04
EP0528394B1 (fr) 1995-11-22
ATE130571T1 (de) 1995-12-15
US5429263A (en) 1995-07-04

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