EP0523211B1 - Mechanical coupling for multiple path containers for viscous fluids - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for securing an unlockable coupling for multiple path containers for viscous fluids (e.g. lubricating oil) mechanically during the coupling procedure and hydraulically once coupled. The coupling consists of a section A (4) into which several valves (6, 8) on the multiple path container (5) are integrated and a section B (9) which is fitted in the dispensing system with several valves (11, 12).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a mechanical coupling, one coupling half A of which is arranged on a reusable container and the other coupling half B of which is part of a dispensing system for viscous fluids (e.g. lubricating oils) according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

It is known to design mechanical couplings for low-viscosity liquids and beverages (such as beer) on barrels as so-called KEG closures; Their viscous material properties are almost independent of the respective operating temperature and are therefore generally neglected. So far, solutions for highly viscous fluids, such as lubricating oils or fluid greases, e.g. motor and / or gear oils or fluid greases based on mineral oils or semi-synthetic, synthetic or native oils, the latter for example as rapeseed oil, and as base oils for fluid greases are unknown. In contrast to the liquids mentioned above, these fluids represent a different class of substances, with completely different physical and chemical properties, which in particular have considerable effects on their hydraulic capacity, which in turn depends on the operating temperature and - in the present case negligible - the operating pressure and their Expressed in the respective viscosity / temperature behavior ("viscosity index"). These viscous properties are assigned to every liquid and gaseous substance; they are undesirable per se for conveying processes with higher viscosities, but must be accepted in terms of material. Their temperature dependence for lubricants can only be influenced to a limited extent, for example by special additives for multi-grade and low-viscosity oils. According to their definition, viscosity is a substance quantity for the internal resistance of a flow, which is caused by a velocity gradient in a plane perpendicular to Flow direction (adhesion of the fluid to the wall of a pipe or full flow velocity in the middle of the pipe) arises and results in a shear stress in the transverse direction ("shear flow"). This internal resistance contains an internal friction, leads to internal warming and thus to a loss of energy ("dissipation"); technically it manifests itself in a pressure loss in the pipeline along the flow direction; this loss can be considerable, depending on the viscosity, among other things.

These physical relationships have to be taken into account especially with highly viscous fluids and are reflected in the design and arrangement of the components in a real hydraulic system (e.g. the flow cross-sections). The higher the viscosity during the conveying process (e.g. due to exposure to cold), the more important it is to consider this necessity in terms of its impact on the external and internal design, e.g. also from the point of view of operational and occupational safety, because of the required higher hydraulic pressures.

. Der erforderliche Arbeitsdruck ist u.a. von der Betriebsviskosität abhängig. So genügt, ein solches Mehrwegbehältnis unter den Druck einer fremden Druckquelle zu setzen, um einen Fördervorgang zu bewirken (z.B. Kohlensäureflasche bei der Bierabgabe). Wenn die Druckflasche leer ist ist die Abgabe null; zudem ist eine solche Einrichung schlecht automatisierbar und stellt ein gewisses Gefahrenpotential bei unsachgemäßem Umgang dar.The containers on which these couplings have so far been arranged are used for the transport, storage and removal of these low-viscosity liquids. The lengthwise and / or branching of such dispensing systems with which the containers are coupled and their dispensing quantities per unit of time are relatively small (for example beer dispensers). The required hydraulic power N, defined by the product working pressure p times the flow rate, is correspondingly low $\text{V (N = px V)}$

. The working pressure required depends, among other things, on the operating viscosity. It is therefore sufficient to put such a reusable container under the pressure of an external pressure source in order to effect a conveying process (eg carbon dioxide bottle when dispensing beer). If the pressure bottle is empty, the delivery is zero; is also a such equipment is difficult to automate and represents a certain potential hazard if used improperly.

For dispensing systems, even larger ones, for fluids with low viscosities, which generally are only slightly dependent on the temperature, the energy input is arranged behind the container and is usually automated (e.g. full hose system for calibrated fuel delivery). Due to the almost constant working pressure required for the delivery, pressure relief valves can be easily arranged on the pressure side as hydraulic safety devices; their opening pressure only has to be higher than the required working pressure. If the system is now exposed to external heat (e.g. due to solar radiation), the static pressure in the system increases and the pressure relief valve may open. This pressure-side proper function of such a pressure relief valve is not given for fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity; this hydraulic arrangement would result in a hydraulic short circuit, in which the fluid would not reach the delivery point, but would instead be returned to the container.

As a solution of this type, a coupling, known as a KEG fitting, for low-viscosity beer in a small dispensing system is recorded in the document DE-OS 1657209. The energy is introduced by pressurizing a barrel with carbon dioxide. On the barrel side, the coupling has only one check valve that can be unlocked during the coupling process. Outside the coupling, a "manually operated valve or tap of conventional design can be provided" in the discharge line or in the carbon dioxide inlet, if desired. - In the Druckschft DE-GM 8320134 an exchangeable air filter of a filling device for liquid containers is mentioned; how this should work when dispensing liquid remains open, since any check valves or the like. Not are provided. - In the publication DE-OS 3022672 a dispenser for low-viscosity liquid gas, a hydraulic safety device is claimed as a parallel expansion vessel on the pressure side in a full hose system. As a substitute there is also mentioned a safety valve whose opening pressure is higher than the working pressure; where and how this valve is hydraulically switched remains completely open. It is by no means a component of the vacuum side of the system, which, moreover, does not have a coupling, since it is usually a container in the form of a stationary collection tank (eg underground tank). - In the publication FR-OS 2527195 a dispensing device according to the full hose principle for low-viscosity fuels is detected with a safety valve which is hydraulically connected in parallel to the pump between its pressure and suction side; its opening pressure must be higher than the working pressure of the full hose system. In the cold effect on temperature-dependent viscous fluids, the hydraulic resistance in the full hose system can increase so much that the working pressure is higher than the opening pressure of the valve and it leads to a hydraulic short circuit. A coupling of the fluid container and the delivery system is not mentioned there.

The invention

• Der Leistungsteil des hydraulischen Systems ist hinter der Schnittstelle (Kupplung) des Mehrwegbehälters zu der/den Abgabestelle(n) angeordnet (z.B. automatisierbare elektrisch betriebene Zahnradpumpe entsprechender Leistung).
• Die hydraulische Schnittstelle (Kupplung) liegt im saugseitigen Ast des Abgabesystems, der ein Mehrwegbehältnis vorgeschaltet ist.
• Die Schnittstelle (Kupplung) ist in ihrer einen Hälfte Bestandteil des Mehrwegbehältnisses (KupplungshΣlfte A), in der anderen Bestandteil der zur Pumpe führenden Saugleitung (Kupplungshälfte B).
• Zur hydraulischen Absicherung wird saugseitig parallelgeschaltet in der Kupplungshälfte B ein statisches Rückentlastungsventil integriert; sein Öffnungsdruck ist wesentlich niedriger als der Arbeitsdruck des Systems und damit vollkommen unabhängig von diesem.
• Mit dem mechanischen Kupplungsvorgang wird (für) die Schnittstelle
  • * automatisch hydraulisch aktiviert,
  • * zusätzlich mechanisch gegen Lösen oder Fehlbedienung abgesichert,
  • * zusätzlich mechanisch eine geometrische Kennung eingeführt, die verhindert, daß nicht zur Kupplung vorgesehene Kupplungshälften A und B, gekuppelt werden.

Based on this state of the art, the following task for reusable containers can be considered for professional industrial delivery systems for viscous fluids, especially if their operating viscosities can be high to very high depending on the temperature (e.g. with gear oils under the influence of cold).

• The power section of the hydraulic system is located behind the interface (coupling) of the reusable container to the delivery point (s) (e.g. automatable, electrically operated gear pump of the appropriate power).
• The hydraulic interface (coupling) is in the suction side branch of the delivery system, which is preceded by a reusable container.
• One half of the interface (coupling) is part of the reusable container (coupling half A), the other part of the suction line leading to the pump (coupling half B).
• For hydraulic protection, a static back-relief valve is integrated in the coupling half B on the suction side; its opening pressure is significantly lower than the working pressure of the system and therefore completely independent of it.
• With the mechanical coupling process, the interface becomes (for)
  • * automatically activated hydraulically,
  • * additionally mechanically secured against loosening or incorrect operation,
  • * In addition, a geometrical identifier has been introduced mechanically, which prevents coupling halves A and B that are not intended for coupling from being coupled.

This task is solved with the features of the labeling part of claim 1.

The task is solved in a structural unit in the form of a mechanical fluid coupling, which consists of two coupling halves A and B; this coupling is arranged on the suction side in the complete fluid system on the reusable container; it is the interface of this container, which is interchangeable, and the stationary delivery system. The coupling half A is an integral part of the transportable and exchangeable reusable container; the coupling half B, on the other hand, is generally mounted once in the suction line of the delivery system. Through the coupling process, the check valve in coupling half A is opened mechanically through coupling half B. The 2nd check valve (suction valve) in the Coupling half B, on the other hand, is only opened and only during the respective dispensing process by the suction effect of the pump in the dispensing system, otherwise it is closed, in particular also when no reusable container is coupled; it prevents the suction line of the delivery system from running dry. Hydraulically connected in parallel to this valve in coupling half B is the back-relief valve on the suction side, which in the static state of the delivery system may reduce hydraulic pressures (e.g. in the event of expansion of the fluid due to heat effects) via coupling half A in the reusable container, which could lead to the bursting of a delivery line . For ventilation reasons of the reusable container, a ventilation and / or a moisture filter is integrated in the coupling half B, which in the coupled state is hydraulically / pneumatically connected to the reusable container via the coupling half A; it prevents dirt and / or moisture from entering the reusable container when it is in operation. In order to avoid the interruption of the operation of the delivery of fluids when the reusable container is empty, two reusable containers can be arranged hydraulically in parallel with two complete couplings on the suction side in front of the feed pump. this valve can be operated manually or also, electrically controlled, automatically electrically.

Brief description of the pictures

Figur 1 .

Zeigt den hydraulischen Wirkschaltplan der gesamten Fluidkupplung (Kupplung geschlossen; eine Abgabestelle; Absperrventil und Be- und Entlüftungsventil mechanisch gekuppelt).

Figur 2 .

Zeigt den hydraulischen Wirkschaltplan des gesamten Fluidsystems mit zwei parallel angeordneten Mehrwegbehältnissen, die alternativ geschaltet werden können (Kupplungen geschlossen; drei Abgabestellen, Absperrventil und Belüftungsventil sowie Überdruckventil getrennt).

Figur 3 .

Zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer vollständigen Fluidkupplung im Längsschnitt, bei der die mechanische und hydraulische Kupplung getrennt ausgebildet sind (Schaltstellung: Mechanisch gekuppelt, hydraulisch gesperrt).

Figur 4 .

Zeigt die Fluidkupplung gemäß Fig. 3 in der Vorder- und Seitenansicht.

Figur 5 .

Zeigt im Längsschnitt die Fluidkupplung im konstruktiven Grundaufbau wie Fig. 3, jedoch mit einer mechanischen Kupplung durch eine Gewindeverbindung (Schaltstellung im Zwischenposition: Mechanisch noch nicht vollständig gekuppelt, hydraulisch noch gesperrt).

Figur 6 .

Zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der vollständigen Kupplung wie Fig. 3 im Längsschnitt, jedoch mit einer mechanischen Kupplung durch Bajonettverschluß und gleichseitiger meπhanischer Sicherung mit einem Bolzen, τder radial betätigt wird. (Schaltstellung: Mechanisch gekuppelt, hydraulisch nicht gekuppelt).

Figur 7 .

Zeigt die Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 6 in einer Schnittebene quer zur Kupplungsachse in der Trennfuge beider Kupplungshälften A und B mit einer Bolzen, der durch einen radial beweglichen Knopf betätigt wird.

Figur 8 .

Zeigt die abgewickelte Bolzenführungsbahn.

Figur 9 .

Zeigt eine teilweise Schnittebene quer durch die Trennfuge beider Kupplungshälften A und B mit einem Bolzen, der durch einen radial beweglichen Knopf betätigt wird.

Figur 10

Zeigt die Kupplung als Bestandteil eines mobilen vollständigen Fluidsystems als bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines konkreten Abgabegeräts.

Some preferred forms of training are shown in the drawings as follows

Figure 1

Shows the hydraulic circuit diagram of the entire fluid coupling (coupling closed; one delivery point; shut-off valve and ventilation valve mechanically coupled).

Figure 2.

Shows the hydraulic circuit diagram of the entire fluid system with two in parallel arranged reusable containers that can be switched alternatively (clutches closed; three delivery points, shut-off valve and ventilation valve and pressure relief valve separately).

Figure 3.

Shows an embodiment of a complete fluid coupling in longitudinal section, in which the mechanical and hydraulic coupling are formed separately (switching position: mechanically coupled, hydraulically locked).

Figure 4.

3 shows the fluid coupling according to FIG. 3 in the front and side view.

Figure 5.

3 shows, in longitudinal section, the fluid coupling in the basic construction as shown in FIG. 3, but with a mechanical coupling by means of a threaded connection (switching position in the intermediate position: mechanically not yet fully coupled, hydraulically still locked).

Figure 6.

3 shows a preferred embodiment of the complete coupling as shown in FIG. 3 in longitudinal section, but with a mechanical coupling by means of a bayonet lock and equilateral mechanical securing with a bolt which is actuated radially. (Switch position: mechanically coupled, hydraulically not coupled).

Figure 7.

6 shows in a sectional plane transverse to the coupling axis in the parting line of both coupling halves A and B with a bolt which is actuated by a radially movable button.

Figure 8.

Shows the developed bolt guideway.

Figure 9.

Shows a partial cutting plane across the joint of both coupling halves A and B with a bolt that is actuated by a radially movable button.

Figure 10

Shows the coupling as part of a mobile complete fluid system as a preferred embodiment of a specific delivery device.

Implementation of the invention

In Figure 1, the hydraulic operating circuit of the complete fluid system (3) is shown in its simplest version with a tap (20) as a delivery point. It consists of a hydraulic conveyor (18) with a pump (21) and a drive motor (22); behind it is the pressure side (19) of the delivery system. In front of the conveyor (20) is the suction side (2) with the system suction line (10) and the coupling half B (9), the latter with the coupling half A (4), which is arranged on the container (5), the assembly of the coupling (1) forms. The coupling half A (4) forms the reusable container (24) with the container (5) and the integrated ventilation valve (8); the hydraulic connection from the lowest point of the container (5) to the coupling half A (4) represents the container suction line (7); The fluid (25) to be delivered is located in the container (5). The container (23) in the mechanically and hydraulically coupled state of the coupling unit (1) and the reusable container (24) in the generic sense represents the fully functional (23); it is in turn part of the suction side (2) of the fluid system (3). The coupling halves A (4) and eB (9) have the parting line (27). The coupling half A (4) has a ventilation valve (8) and a shut-off valve (6), which are automatically mechanically opened during the coupling process with the coupling half B (9) via the coupling device (17); during storage and transport of the Reusable container (24) they are closed. In the coupled state, both valves (6 and 8), which are provided by a mechanically rigid connection (78), which in turn are returned to their closed end position by a spring (79), are open; the ventilation valve (8) also serves as a ventilation valve. The manual mechanical coupling process of the coupling half B (9) to the coupling half A (4) is symbolized by the actuating device (16) with the coupling device (17). The coupling half B (9) contains a ventilation duct (13) which leads to the filter unit (48), which consists of the moisture (14) and the ventilation filter (15); An essential hydraulic component is the suction valve (11) and the parallel relief valve (12). When the pump (21) is in operation, the suction valve (11) opens, the fluid (25) is fed through the container suction line (7) and the system suction line ( 10) sucked in and dispensed via the pressure side (19) at the open tap (20). When the pump (21) is stopped, the suction valve (11) is closed; At the same time, a static overpressure due to thermal expansion of the fluid could build up due to external heat influence on the fluid system (3), which returns the expansion volume into the container (5) through the opening back relief valve (12) and this via the ventilation valve ( 8) and the ventilation duct (13) and filter unit (48) vented.

In Fig. 2 the hydraulic circuit diagram of an extended complete fluid system (3) with three taps (20) as delivery points and a 3/2-way valve (26) with the alternative hydraulic switchover option of two containers (23) is exemplary with analog components such as shown in Fig. 1 (see description Fig. 1), with one exception. It relates to the ventilation valve (8), which has only one function of ventilation, which, in contrast to FIG. 1, is not mechanically coupled to its shut-off valve (6) and one has a separate spring (79) and is opened during the coupling process. Hydraulically connected in parallel, but with the opposite direction of action, is the pressure relief valve (80), which only responds to an internal pressure and opens accordingly; it can be connected to the atmosphere in various relief ways, in the present case it is connected to the line of the relief valve. It is also conceivable for the reusable container (24) to be relieved of overpressure directly into the atmosphere, ie without via the coupling half B (9), which would also mean securing the barrel, for example during transport.

In Fig. 3 takes place in the parting line (27) of the coupling half A (4), as part of the reusable container (24) with the container (5), the fluid and the container suction line (7), and the coupling half B. (9), with the system suction line connection (28) the mechanical coupling; it is locked by a horizontal sliding seat (38). The subsequent hydraulic unlocking is carried out by vertically depressing the hand lever (29) against the force of the actuating spring (31) and then turning it for fixing in the recess (39). At the same time, the sliding body (32) with the sliding sleeve (33) is guided downward against the force of the actuating spring (31), presses on the coupling seal (34) and at the same time opens the suction channel (35) by externally running over the suction holes (36) of the containers -Suction line (7), which represents the opening of the shut-off valve (6), and opens the sealing seat (37) of the ventilation valve (8) and prevents the outer diameter of the container suction line (7) by the sealing effect of the inner diameter of the coupling seal (34) Short circuit of the hydraulic suction side with the pneumatic ventilation side of the coupling. The ventilation duct (13) leads to the combined moisture (14) and ventilation filter (15). Through the coupling seal (34), the sealing seat (37) and the Sealing spring (49) ensures that the reusable container (24) in all states of its transport and storage, as long as the fluid coupling (54) is activated by coupling the coupling halves A (4) and B (9), the leakage of Fluid (25) and / or the penetration of dirt or the like prevented. The hydraulic connection to the system suction line connection (28) is made from the suction channel (35) via the suction seat (39) and the suction spring (40) of the suction valve (11). The back relief valve (12) with the valve ball (42) and the relief spring (43) are integrated in the plate (41) of the suction valve (11). In order to prevent the exchange of reusable containers (24) for different fluids (25), for example motor oil with brake fluid, the diameter and the height of the coupling surface (59) are kept different; for identical fluids (25) these dimensions of a coupling half A (4) and B (9) are constant for a fluid coupling (54).

In Fig. 4, as external views of Fig. 3, the reusable container (24) goes to the parting line (27) of both coupling halves A (4) and B (9). The mechanical coupling takes place with the sliding seat (38). By pressing it down and locking it in the recess (30), the hand lever (29) switches the clutch to ready for operation. During the pumping process of the pump, the fluid (25) is sucked out of the container (5) into the system suction line connection (28) and from there via the container suction line (7) and the two coupling halves A (4) and B (9) into the fluid system (3).

5, the hand lever (29) is used exclusively for screwing the coupling half B (9) onto the coupling half A (4) by means of a screw thread (44). Due to the axial movement when screwing on, the coupling is mechanically connected and at the same time semi-automatically hydraulically unlocked.

6 shows the two coupling halves A (4), which is integrated on the container (5), and B (9), which has an exit to the system (64). A bayonet lock (45) is used by depressing the coupling half B (9), against the force of the actuating spring (31) of the coupling half A (4) and its subsequent turning, for mechanical coupling and simultaneous semi-automatic unlocking; both coupling halves A (4) and B (9) have a common parting line (27); the further hydraulic function can be found in the description of FIG. 3. In the area of the joint (70) of both coupling halves A (4) and B (9) there is a ring (60) which belongs to coupling half A (4); this has at least one recess (61) on its outer diameter. At least one bolt (62) sits in the overlapping housing part (65) of the coupling half B (9) and engages in the corresponding recess (61) in the properly coupled state. The pin (62) is guided via a pin (66) to the outer diameter of the housing part (65), where at least one actuating button (67) is seated; The end position of the bolt (62) is ensured in the locked state by means of a spring (68). The actuating button (67) also serves as a handle for introducing a torque during the coupling process; a corresponding second handle button (69) serves the same purpose; if necessary, it can be designed as a second actuation button (contrary to the illustration according to FIG. 1, the ring (60) can alternatively also be arranged below the parting line (70); accordingly, the overlapping housing part (65) has to be designed accordingly.

In Fig. 7 the radial actuation of the bolt (62) with its engagement in the recess (61) takes place exclusively by a radial movement (77) of the actuation button (67) against the force of the spring (68); these are integrated in the coupling half B (9). The two recesses (61), of which only one is active in the upper area of the sectional drawing, are active Part of the coupling half A (4). The bolt (62) is guided during the rotation of the bayonet lock along the bolt guide path (63) which is formed on the partial circumference according to FIG. 8.

In Fig. 8 the developed bolt guide track (63) is shown in a side view, on which the bolt (62) is positively guided during the coupling process until it reaches its end position in the corresponding recess (61), shown in the simplest geometric circular shape , has reached. The guideway (63) is not continuous here, but has an intermediate point (76), which in particular in the case of incorrect coupling in the end position inevitably results in a stable intermediate layer which prevents the coupling from being opened accidentally; the intermediate layer also serves to relieve the container in a controlled manner if a pneumatic overpressure should build up in it; in addition, the intermediate position in manual coupling results in a positive note for those who are coupling, in the sense of increasing the safety for the coupling process. Opposed to the swivel sleeve is a sleeve (71) which has only an operating, but no security and / or identification function. Nevertheless, there is an identical recess (61) in the coupling half A (4), which ensures that, with each coupling operation with the arrangement of only one bolt (62), the bolt has the correct recess (61), at least in its end position. finds.

9, the radial actuation of the bolt (62) with its engagement in the recess (61) takes place by a pivoting movement (72) of the pivoting sleeve (73) about the pivot point (74). The pivoting movement (72) represents an additional manual operation which additionally secures the coupling process. During the turning process of the coupling half B (9), the tip (75) of the disengaged bolt (62) on the bolt guide track (63) of the coupling half A (4) until it has reached its end position and the bolt (62) engages in the recess (61), the pivot sleeve (73) simultaneously in its radial end position is returned.

10 shows the fluid coupling (54), consisting of the coupling half A (4) and the coupling half B (9) with the container (5) as part of a mobile fluid system (3) for a delivery point; the reusable container (24) in turn consists of the coupling half A (4) and the container (5). All parts of the fluid system (3) are integrated in or on the housing (50); Wheels (51) in particular make the system movable, the energy supply is provided by an electrical connector (52) and a cable (53). A tap (55) with a hose (56) serves as a dispensing element, a quantity display (57) and a quantity preselection (58) complete the external appearance of the system, which is shown as an example for self-service operation in the present illustration.

Reference numerals

1

Unit (clutch)

2nd

Suction side

3rd

Fluid system

4th

Coupling A half A

5

container

6

Shut-off valve

7

Container suction line

8th

Ventilation valve

9

Coupling half B

10th

System suction line

11

Suction valve

12th

Back relief valve

13

Ventilation duct

14

Moisture filter

15

Ventilation filter

16

Actuator

17th

Coupling device

18th

Conveyor device, hydraulic

19th

Printed page

20th

Tap

21

pump

22

Drive motor

23

Container (coupled)

24th

Reusable container

25th

Fluid

26

3/2-way valve

27

Parting line

28

System suction line connection

29

Hand lever

30th

Recess

31

Confirmation pen

32

Sliding body

33

Sliding sleeve

34

Clutch seal

35

Suction channel

36

Suction hole

37

Sealing seat

38

Sliding seat

39

Suction seat

40

Suction spring

41

Plate

42

Valve ball

43

Relief spring

44

Screw thread

45

Bayonet lock

46

Outgoing line

47

Flow channel

48

Filter unit

49

Sealing spring

50

casing

51

wheel

52

Plug, electrical

53

electric wire

54

Fluid coupling

55

Tooth valve

56

tube

57

Quantity display

58

Quantity preselection

59

Coupling surface

60

ring

61

Recess

62

bolt

63

Pin guideway

64

System output

65

Housing part

66

pen

67

Control button

68

feather

69

Handle knob

70

Parting line

71

Sleeve

72

Swivel motion

73

Swivel sleeve

74

Focal point

75

top

76

Intermediate point

77

Radial motion

78

connection

79

Opening spring

80

Pressure relief valve

Claims (15)

1. Unlockable mechanical coupling for reusable containers and delivery systems for fluids, with two shut-off valves arranged one behind the other, an air filter, a mechanical operation and/or a mechanical coupling,
   characterised in that at least one structural unit (1), arranged on the suction side (2) of a system for fluids (3) whose viscosity is average to high and can be heavily dependent on temperature, consists of

   - a coupling half A (4) on the container (5) with a locking valve (6) and a container suction pipe (7) as well as connected mechanically parallel and hydraulically upstream - a ventilation/air-bleed valve (8) and optionally - connected hydraulically parallel with the valve (8) - an excess pressure valve (80) and

   - a coupling half B (9) in the system suction pipe (10), a suction valve (11), as well as connected hydraulically parallel, a return pressure reducing valve (12), both connected hydraulically downstream of a ventilation duct for the ventilation/air-bleed valve (8) which in turn has upstream a moisture filter (14) and/or a ventilation filter (15), and a mechanical operating device (16);

   as well as both coupling halves A (4) and B (9) are provided with a mechanical coupling device (17).
2. Fluid coupling according to claim 1
   characterised in that the return pressure reducing valve (12) is mounted with an inner through-flow duct (47) on the suction valve (11).
3. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 1 and 2
   characterised in that the return pressure relaxing valve (12) is mounted coaxially with the suction valve (11).
4. Fluid coupling according to claims 1 to 3
   characterised in that the shut-off valve (6) and the ventilation valve (8) have in the coupling half A (4), arranged hydraulically-pneumatically in succession, a mechanical connection (78) and an opening spring (79) which, suitably connected to the coupling half B (9) form one structural unit (1).
5. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 1 to 4
   characterised in that the shut-off valve (6) and the ventilation valve (8), hydraulically-pneumatically in succession, the ventilation valve (8) and the excess pressure valve (80), hydraulically-pneumatically parallel, are each mounted in the coupling half A (4), each have an opening spring (79) which, suitably connected with the coupling half B (9) form one structural unit (1).
6. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 1 to 5
   characterised in that the coupling device (17) is fitted with a screw thread (44), bayonet lock (45), sliding body (32) or sliding sleeve (33).
7. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 1 to 6
   characterized in that the operating device (16) consists of a handle lever (29).
8. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 1 to 7
   characterized in that the moisture filter (14) and ventilation filter (15) are designed as one filter unit (48).
9. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 1 to 8
   characterized in that the coupling half A (4) is hydraulically coupled with the container (5) as an interchangeable reusable container (24) in any way with the coupling half B (9) to form a fixedly installed fluid system (3) (stationary fluid system ).
10. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 1 to 8
    characterised in that the coupling half A (4) is hydraulically connected with the container (5) as an interchangeable reusable container (24) in any way with the coupling half B (9) as a crossing inside a movable fluid system (3) which is stored in a housing (50) and is mounted movable on wheels, rollers (51) or the like and has an electric plug (52) (mobile fluid system).
11. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 1 to 10
    characterised in that the coupling surface (59) for different fluids (25) is designed differently regarding height and diameter to avoid mix-ups but constant for the coupling halves A (4) and B (9) of one fluid coupling (54).
12. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 1 to 11
    characterised in that the geometric shapes of a recess (61) of the coupling half A (4) and of a bolt (62) of the coupling half B (9) are identical.
13. Fluid coupling according to claim 12
    characterised in that the geometric shape of the recess (61) and of the bolt (62) is a circle, polygon, rectangle, hexagon, ellipse or the like.
14. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 12 to 13
    characterised in that the bolt (62) is fixedly connected with the operating button (67) or a sleeve (71).
15. Fluid coupling according to one of claims 12 to 14
    characterised in that the bolt (62) is connected for mutual swivel movement with a swivel sleeve (73).

Images