EP0522446A2 - Procédé pour contrôler la direction d'un appareil de forage du sol et dispositif pour l'exécution de forages - Google Patents

Procédé pour contrôler la direction d'un appareil de forage du sol et dispositif pour l'exécution de forages Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0522446A2
EP0522446A2 EP92111212A EP92111212A EP0522446A2 EP 0522446 A2 EP0522446 A2 EP 0522446A2 EP 92111212 A EP92111212 A EP 92111212A EP 92111212 A EP92111212 A EP 92111212A EP 0522446 A2 EP0522446 A2 EP 0522446A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzles
head
earth
earth boring
jet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92111212A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0522446B1 (fr
EP0522446A3 (en
Inventor
Gustav Dr. Jenne
Dietmar Jenne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Terra AG fuer Tiefbautechnik
Original Assignee
Terra AG fuer Tiefbautechnik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Terra AG fuer Tiefbautechnik filed Critical Terra AG fuer Tiefbautechnik
Publication of EP0522446A2 publication Critical patent/EP0522446A2/fr
Publication of EP0522446A3 publication Critical patent/EP0522446A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0522446B1 publication Critical patent/EP0522446B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/065—Deflecting the direction of boreholes using oriented fluid jets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
    • E21B10/38—Percussion drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/07—Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
    • E21B4/145—Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/26—Drilling without earth removal, e.g. with self-propelled burrowing devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the direction of an earth drilling device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for producing earth bores, in particular for carrying out a method mentioned above.
  • this drill head For straight running, however, this drill head must be tapered, as is the case with the device described above rotated continuously.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is that the mechanism required to rotate the head does not withstand the harsh operating conditions for long. This would apply in particular to so-called ram boring machines, in which the dynamic hammer blows required to move the earth boring machine are so hard that the elements for guiding and rotating the head would be worn out in a short time.
  • an earth drill is known, in the drill head of which nozzles are formed for the discharge of a drilling fluid.
  • the liquid discharge through the nozzle can be controlled. Since the drill head must be rotated to penetrate the ground, it must be stopped to change the drilling direction. After the drill head has stopped, certain nozzles are used to sweep away the soil at the desired location. When the drill is put back into operation, it penetrates the flushed cavity and thus deviates from the previous drilling direction in the desired direction. A change of direction during the advance is not possible.
  • An earth drill according to US Pat. No. 3,746,108 also has the same disadvantage. It differs from the solution known from US Pat. No. 3,365,007 in that the jet nozzles are arranged asymmetrically on the drill head and cannot be controlled selectively. To be able to change the drilling direction, the drill head must be stopped again and aligned so that the nozzles point in the desired direction. After flushing out a lateral cavity, drilling operations can then be resumed.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned and an earth drill for its implementation, in which the direction of advance of the earth drill can be changed as desired without the head of the earth drill must be rotatable about its axis.
  • This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention in that only the nozzle or nozzles are acted upon by pressure fluid, the jet direction of which point at least approximately in the desired deflection direction of the earth drilling device.
  • the pressure of the pressure fluid at the nozzle or the nozzles, the jet direction of which points at least approximately in the desired deflection direction of the earth boring device is higher than the pressure of the pressure fluid at the other nozzles.
  • the directional control of the earth boring device is thus effected in that the pressure fluid for each nozzle is controlled individually with regard to pressure and / or quantity of the pressure fluid.
  • further jet nozzles are arranged in the tubular housing, which - viewed in the longitudinal direction of the earth boring device - are in alignment with at least one jet nozzle of the head and are each pressurized with hydraulic fluid in the same way as the jet nozzles in alignment with them Head. So the loosening of the soil by the pressure fluid for a change of direction takes place not only in the area of the head but also in the area of the housing. At the same time, the soil is loosened to a greater length, so that the earth drill can be deflected over a shorter tunneling section, i.e. curves with smaller radii can be achieved for the path of the earth drilling rig.
  • the earth drilling device can be driven through the nozzles during the discharge of the pressure fluid. This enables a high rate of advance to be achieved, particularly with ram boring machines.
  • the pressure of the pressure fluid at the nozzles pointing in the desired direction of deflection can vary between approximately 20 to 250 bar, depending on the type of floor.
  • a hydraulic fluid can be used which has thixotropic or lubricant properties.
  • An apparatus for producing earth bores in particular for carrying out a method of the type described above, comprises an earth boring device with a tubular housing and a head arranged coaxially to the same, and means for propelling the earth boring device, wherein at least three glands are arranged in the head of the earth boring device can be connected to a hydraulic fluid source, with means being provided according to the invention for individually controlling the hydraulic fluid supply to each nozzle with respect to pressure and / or quantity of hydraulic fluid.
  • the respective jet angle of the nozzle is adjustable.
  • the nozzles are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the earth drilling device.
  • the device is guaranteed to run straight, provided the soil is reasonably homogeneous.
  • the head of the earth drilling device can be designed in a conventional manner.
  • the head can be conical in shape and can have grooves distributed symmetrically with respect to the axis, in which the nozzles are arranged, over the conical surface.
  • the head can also be stepped and also have longitudinal grooves distributed symmetrically with respect to the axis, in which the nozzles are in turn arranged.
  • the stepped head has better smashing properties.
  • control valves for controlling the supply of hydraulic fluid to the individual nozzles can either be provided in the earth drilling machine itself or on the hydraulic fluid source.
  • the latter embodiment has the advantage that the control lines for controlling the valves are short and do not have to be pulled along with the earth drilling machine.
  • the earth drilling device can be pressed into the ground in a manner known per se via a rod engaging at its end remote from the head, wherein a vibration damper can be installed between the earth drilling device and the rod to protect it from damage from blows from the ramming device.
  • the head of the earth drilling machine can be in it is known to provide a transmitter which emits suitable position signals.
  • FIG. 1 generally 10 denotes an earth drilling device, with the help of which a tube 14 is to be produced in the soil 12, in which cables or hoses can then subsequently be laid.
  • the earth drilling device 10 which will be described in more detail later with reference to FIG. 3, is a ram drilling device which is driven through the soil 12 by the impacts of an impact piston which is axially movable in the cylindrical housing of the earth drilling device 10.
  • the percussion piston is driven by compressed air, which is supplied from a compressed air source 18 via a hollow rod 16.
  • the linkage 16 also serves to exert a further driving force on the earth drilling device 10.
  • the pits 22 and 24 shown in the drawing serve as a connection pit or start and entry pit for the earth drilling device 10 and the linkage 16.
  • nozzles are arranged on the head of the earth drilling apparatus, generally designated 28, through which liquid is directed in a specific direction at a pressure between 20 and 250 bar, which is also via the linkage 16 or is supplied via its own pressure lines, can be injected into the soil, as indicated in Figure 1 by arrows 30 on the head 28 of the earth drilling machine.
  • the pressure is loosened or washed away by the hydraulic fluid jet, so that it presents a lower resistance to the earth drilling device 10 in this area.
  • the earth boring machine 10 is deflected when it propels into the area of lower resistance.
  • the ram boring machine shown schematically in FIG. 3 in a section containing the axis comprises a housing, generally designated 32, with a cylindrical section 34 and a conical head 36. At its end remote from the head, the housing 32 is closed by a closing part 38, which extends into the cylindrical section 34 is screwed in.
  • a percussion piston 40 is guided axially displaceably in the housing 32.
  • the percussion piston 40 has a blind bore 42 into which a control tube 44 engages, which is screwed to the closure part 38 and via one of these penetrating bore 46 is connected to the rod 16 serving as a compressed air supply line.
  • the blind bore 42 is connected via radially directed channels 48 to an annular space 50, which is formed by a reduced-diameter section of the percussion piston 40 between the latter and the housing wall surrounding it.
  • This annular space 50 is connected via longitudinal grooves 52 in the front area of the percussion piston 40 to the interior of the housing 32 lying in front of the percussion piston 40.
  • the ram boring machine described so far and known per se works as follows: When compressed air is supplied via the linkage 16, the bore 46 and the control tube 44, the percussion piston 40 is accelerated forward (to the left in FIG. 3). Shortly before the percussion piston 40 with its end face 54 reaches the impact surface 56 on the head 36, the radial bores 48 come into connection with the front end of the control tube 44, so that compressed air through the radial bores 48, the annular space 50 and the longitudinal grooves 52 into the cavity can get in front of the percussion piston 40. The compressed air reaches the front end face 54 of the percussion piston at the moment of impact and pushes the percussion piston 40 back again. Before the percussion piston 40 would impact on the closure piece 38, the compressed air, as shown in FIG.
  • Nozzle openings 62 are formed on the head 36, each of which is connected to pressure fluid line 66 via channels 64 which run within the housing wall and the closure piece 38 and which are connected to the closure piece 38. Via channels 64 and lines 66, pressure fluid is supplied from a pressure fluid source 68, which is shown schematically in FIG. 1, which emerges from the nozzle openings 62 with a sharp jet.
  • the supply to the individual nozzles is controlled via control valves 70, which are indicated schematically in FIG. 3 and are arranged in the pressure fluid source 68 in the present example. With these control valves 70, the amount and / or the pressure of the pressure fluid supplied to the individual nozzle openings 62 can be individually adjusted in order to achieve the above-described directional control of the earth drilling device 10.
  • nozzle openings 71 are provided in the cylindrical section 34 of the housing 32.
  • the nozzles 71 are each — in relation to the longitudinal axis of the earth drilling device 10 — in alignment with the nozzles 62, as shown in FIG. 3. Through them, liquid can be pressed between the cylindrical section 34 and the surrounding earth, on the one hand to facilitate the sliding of the earth drilling device in the ground. On the other hand, by specifically controlling these lateral nozzles 71 together with the respective nozzle 62 on the head 36, the soil can be loosened over a longer distance, so that the change of direction is possible within a shorter distance.
  • FIGs 4 to 7 show two known heads of earth drilling equipment, on which jet nozzles are now arranged according to the invention.
  • the heads are shown individually, but can be made in one piece the cylindrical portion of the housing 32, as shown in Figure 3.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a conical displacement head with longitudinal grooves 72 in which jet nozzles 74 are arranged which, in contrast to the nozzle openings 62 in FIG. 3, direct the pressure fluid jet obliquely forward at a predetermined angle a (FIG. 6).
  • the grooves 72 and the nozzles 74 are distributed symmetrically around the axis of the head at equal angular distances.
  • Figure 7 shows a stepped head which has better shattering properties for use in hard and rocky soil.
  • This head also has longitudinal grooves 72, in which, as an example, two jet nozzles 74 are arranged one behind the other, the radiation angle of which can be selected to be the same or different, in order to increase the control options.
  • the nozzles can be connected in a longitudinal groove 72 to a common or else to separate hydraulic fluid lines.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 each show a nozzle body 74 which is designed in the form of a slotted screw which can be screwed into the respective nozzle opening 62 and through which a nozzle channel 75 runs.
  • the nozzle channel 75 is oriented axially, whereas in the embodiment according to FIG. 10 the nozzle channel forms an angle with the screw axis.
  • the jet angle of the nozzles can be adjusted by entering nozzle bodies with differently designed nozzle channels. In the case of an obliquely directed nozzle channel, the jet direction can also be changed by rotating the nozzle body.
  • FIG. 8 shows a vibration damper, generally designated 76, which is inserted between the closure part 38 and the linkage 16, in order to prevent its being damaged by the ram impacts of the ram boring machine.
  • the vibration damper comprises a cylindrical housing 78, which is screwed at one end into the closure part 38 and serves to guide a piston 80 connected to the linkage 16, with a damping spring 82 between the end surface of the housing 78 facing the closure part 38 and the piston 80 is arranged.
  • a ram boring machine has been described as a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment.
  • the control with the aid of nozzles arranged on the head of a ram boring machine and pressure fluid jets emerging through the nozzles can, however, also be used with a static earth boring machine, as is shown schematically in FIG.
  • This earth drilling machine is driven not by the ramming impacts of a percussion piston but by the feed pressure introduced via the linkage. Otherwise, however, the statements made regarding the ram boring machine described above also apply in the same way to such a static earth boring machine.
  • Both types of devices have the advantage over the previously known solutions that the control of the nozzles for the purpose of changing the direction can take place during the advance of the device.
  • a transmitter 84 shown schematically in FIG. 3, can be arranged in the head 36 of the earth drilling device, which enables a correct position determination of the earth drilling device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
EP92111212A 1991-07-05 1992-07-02 Procédé pour contrÔler la direction d'un appareil de forage du sol et dispositif pour l'exécution de forages Expired - Lifetime EP0522446B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4122350A DE4122350C2 (de) 1991-07-05 1991-07-05 Verfahren zur Richtungssteuerung eines Raunbohrgerätes sowie Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Erdbohrungen
DE4122350 1991-07-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0522446A2 true EP0522446A2 (fr) 1993-01-13
EP0522446A3 EP0522446A3 (en) 1993-03-24
EP0522446B1 EP0522446B1 (fr) 1996-10-02

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EP92111212A Expired - Lifetime EP0522446B1 (fr) 1991-07-05 1992-07-02 Procédé pour contrÔler la direction d'un appareil de forage du sol et dispositif pour l'exécution de forages

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US5288173A (fr)
EP (1) EP0522446B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4122350C2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2714108A1 (fr) * 1993-12-17 1995-06-23 Schlumberger Services Petrol Procédé et appareillage de forage directionnel.
EP0792995A1 (fr) * 1996-02-27 1997-09-03 Tracto-Technik Paul Schmidt Spezialmaschinen Procédé de guidage d'un dispositif de forage du sol

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPN703195A0 (en) * 1995-12-08 1996-01-04 Bhp Australia Coal Pty Ltd Fluid drilling system
US5634515A (en) * 1995-12-28 1997-06-03 Lambert; Kenneth W. Geothermal heat-pump system and installation of same
US5810101A (en) * 1996-09-11 1998-09-22 Engineering Crossing Systems, (Partnership) Horizontal drilling machine
AUPO515297A0 (en) * 1997-02-19 1997-04-11 Future Fibre Technologies Pty Ltd A method of providing in-situ chirped gratings in waveguides and waveguides made by that method
US20020043404A1 (en) * 1997-06-06 2002-04-18 Robert Trueman Erectable arm assembly for use in boreholes
DE19725628C1 (de) 1997-06-17 1999-03-04 Tracto Technik Bohrvorrichtung
WO2003033952A1 (fr) * 2001-10-15 2003-04-24 William Dee Cherrington Procede et appareil d'installation de tuyau
AUPR886401A0 (en) * 2001-11-14 2001-12-06 Cmte Development Limited Fluid drilling head
AU2002952176A0 (en) 2002-10-18 2002-10-31 Cmte Development Limited Drill head steering
US7484575B2 (en) * 2005-04-27 2009-02-03 Frank's Casing Crew & Rental Tools, Inc. Conductor pipe string deflector and method
WO2007063324A1 (fr) * 2005-12-03 2007-06-07 Frank's International, Inc. Procede et appareil d'installation de tube conducteur de deviation
DE102007045979B4 (de) * 2007-09-25 2010-09-16 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg Bohrvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Bohrung in das Erdreich
CN101586441B (zh) * 2009-07-01 2012-09-19 煤炭科学研究总院重庆研究院 高压水射流煤层钻扩孔系统和方法
US8196677B2 (en) 2009-08-04 2012-06-12 Pioneer One, Inc. Horizontal drilling system

Citations (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1091510A (fr) * 1953-08-28 1955-04-13 Reuther Tiefbau G M B H Tête de forage pour les forages horizontaux des installations d'extraction d'eau
US3365007A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-01-23 Wilson Supply Co Directional drilling tool and method
GB2126267A (en) * 1982-09-07 1984-03-21 Coal Ind Drilling methods and equipment
US4787465A (en) * 1986-04-18 1988-11-29 Ben Wade Oakes Dickinson Iii Et Al. Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method
US4850440A (en) * 1986-08-13 1989-07-25 Smet Nic H W Method and device for making a hole in the ground
US4858703A (en) * 1987-11-02 1989-08-22 Underground Technologies, Inc. Self-propelled subsoil penetrating tool system
US4930586A (en) * 1989-05-12 1990-06-05 Ben Wade Oakes Dickinson, III Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method
US4957173A (en) * 1989-06-14 1990-09-18 Underground Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for subsoil drilling
US4991667A (en) * 1989-11-17 1991-02-12 Ben Wade Oakes Dickinson, III Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method
US4993503A (en) * 1990-03-27 1991-02-19 Electric Power Research Institute Horizontal boring apparatus and method

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US3746108A (en) * 1971-02-25 1973-07-17 G Hall Focus nozzle directional bit
US4674579A (en) * 1985-03-07 1987-06-23 Flowmole Corporation Method and apparatus for installment of underground utilities
US4718118A (en) * 1986-02-24 1988-01-05 Rca Corporation Transparent laser drive current update for burst mode fiber optic communication system
US4790394A (en) * 1986-04-18 1988-12-13 Ben Wade Oakes Dickinson, III Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method
US4714118A (en) * 1986-05-22 1987-12-22 Flowmole Corporation Technique for steering and monitoring the orientation of a powered underground boring device
DE3911467A1 (de) * 1989-04-08 1990-10-11 Tracto Technik Selbstantreibbares rammbohrgeraet, insbesondere fuer die herstellung von rohrfoermigen erdbohrungen

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1091510A (fr) * 1953-08-28 1955-04-13 Reuther Tiefbau G M B H Tête de forage pour les forages horizontaux des installations d'extraction d'eau
US3365007A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-01-23 Wilson Supply Co Directional drilling tool and method
GB2126267A (en) * 1982-09-07 1984-03-21 Coal Ind Drilling methods and equipment
US4787465A (en) * 1986-04-18 1988-11-29 Ben Wade Oakes Dickinson Iii Et Al. Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method
US4850440A (en) * 1986-08-13 1989-07-25 Smet Nic H W Method and device for making a hole in the ground
US4858703A (en) * 1987-11-02 1989-08-22 Underground Technologies, Inc. Self-propelled subsoil penetrating tool system
US4930586A (en) * 1989-05-12 1990-06-05 Ben Wade Oakes Dickinson, III Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method
US4957173A (en) * 1989-06-14 1990-09-18 Underground Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for subsoil drilling
US4991667A (en) * 1989-11-17 1991-02-12 Ben Wade Oakes Dickinson, III Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method
US4993503A (en) * 1990-03-27 1991-02-19 Electric Power Research Institute Horizontal boring apparatus and method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2714108A1 (fr) * 1993-12-17 1995-06-23 Schlumberger Services Petrol Procédé et appareillage de forage directionnel.
EP0792995A1 (fr) * 1996-02-27 1997-09-03 Tracto-Technik Paul Schmidt Spezialmaschinen Procédé de guidage d'un dispositif de forage du sol

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4122350A1 (de) 1993-01-14
US5288173A (en) 1994-02-22
DE4122350C2 (de) 1996-11-21
EP0522446B1 (fr) 1996-10-02
EP0522446A3 (en) 1993-03-24

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