Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/16—Details
  • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
  • B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
  • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/16—Details
  • B02C18/24—Drives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/16—Details
  • B02C2018/164—Prevention of jamming and/or overload

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing materials such as organic waste, very bulky waste like refrigerators, tyres, furniture, tree stumps, demolition timber or the like, said apparatus includes reducing means consisting of knives which are arranged evenly along and around two substantially parallel and horisontal shafts which are driven by a motor being able to drive the shafts in opposite directions, said material is supplied to the knives through an inlet disposed above the knives.
• reducing means consisting of knives which are arranged evenly along and around two substantially parallel and horisontal shafts which are driven by a motor being able to drive the shafts in opposite directions, said material is supplied to the knives through an inlet disposed above the knives.
• the knives will perform a reduction in the form of a cutting through and a carrying along of the materials which are placed on the frame of the apparatus in a feed funnel. Due to the po ⁇ sitioning of the knives the material is carried along evenly without the risk that a large amount of material from time to time is introdu- ced between the rotating knives and the fixed knives. This even carry ⁇ ing and the consequently even reduction of the material may be ensured by positioning the knives about the two shafts in a random manner or helically. When, at the upperside of the frame, the cutting blades are moved towards each other they will carry along the material which is reduced.when the edges of the cutting blades co-operate with the fixed knives.
• the knives will contribute to en ⁇ sure that the material is fed, and a suitable embodiment of the knives makes it possible to adjust the quantity of the material fed relative to the capacity of the activating means and the loading which the kni- ves may tolerate.
• the activating means of the apparatus are arranged in such a way that at intervals they may rotate the shafts individually in a direction opposite the rotating direction of the cutting movement of the knife.
• This forwarded and backwarded individual rotation of the shafts is established according to a prede ⁇ termined sequence which is determined with due regard to the material to be .reduced. Such rotation may also be initiated due to a metering of the load on the knives.
• forwarded and backwarded rotation refers to the rotation in the direction of the cutting movement of the knives respectively their rotation in the opposite direction.
• a particular advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that each knife is situated in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation for the shafts and comprises two successively arranged and substantially U-shaped blades, that the radially outer and front parts of the two blades, as seen in the rotation direction, of the cutting movement of the knives, are constructed as substantially tagentially orientated wedges, that the distance between the axis of rotation and the wedge of the front blade is shorter than the distance between the the axis of rotation and the wedge of the trailing blade and that the radially outer contour of the traling blade corresponds substantially to a segment of a spiral-shaped line about the axis of rotation.
• each of the two U-shaped knives is capable of carrying and reducing the amount of material which is determined by the opening of the U-shaped cutting blade. As the front part of the cutting blade is also wedge-shaped, an initial splitting of the material will be performed before the cutting movement of the knives starts.
• the different radial positionings of the two wedges of the cutting blades make it possible to perform a more efficient reduction of the material for each rotation of the shaft, than would be possible with one blade having a wedge-shaped point positioned substantially in the same manner as the wedge-shaped point of the trailing blade.
• the efficiency of the knives is increased as a cleaning and redistribution of the material are performed when the shaft is rotated backwards.
• the redistribution of the material inside the apparatus is performed in a very efficient manner as the outer contour of the trailing blade is spiral-shaped and optionally ribbed. This shape ensures that the ma ⁇ terial will not "roll” as would be the case if the outer contour was smooth and circular about the axis of rotation.
• Fig. 1 shows a plane view of an apparatus according to the inven ⁇ tion
• Fig. 2 is a side view of a knife which forms part of an apparatus- according to Fig. 1
• Fig. 3 is a sectional view through the knife shown in. Fig. 2 along tire plane III-III,
• Fig. 4 is a cross section through the knife shown in Fig. 2 along the plane IV-IV,
• Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the activating means of the appa- ratus
• Fig. 6 is a view illustrating three possible activating sequences for the shafts of the apparatus.
• Fig. 1 illustrates a plane view of an apparatus according to the in- vention as seen from above.
• the apparatus 1 comprises two parallel and horizontal shafts 2.
• the shafts 2 are provided with knives 3.
• the kni ⁇ ves 3 are mounted on_the the shafts 2 by means of clamping flanges 4 so that each knife 3 runs in a plane perpendicular to the axis of ro- ' tation 5.
• the knives 3 which will be subject to more detailed explana- tion below, co-operates with lower knives 6 which are fixedly mounted on transversing beams 7 which constitute a part of the frame 1 of the apparatus.
• the knives 6 are located between the two shafts so that a reduction of the material is performed by the rotating knives 3 rotat ⁇ ing from the top side past the fixed knives 6. The reduction of the material is thus performed in the area between the two shafts 2 -and at the upper side of the fixed knives 6.
• the rotating knives 3 are arranged helically .along each of the two shafts 2. As the shafts rotate in opposite direction thereby leading the knives 3 towards each other at the upper side of the fixed knives 6 the material is drawn into the space and into the reduction zone. This material feeding takes place in a moderate pace due to the helical position of the knives 3. This ensures an even distribution of the load on the apparatus, and thus there are no requirements for a high effect to handle momentarily large overloads.
• each knife 3 comprises two successively arranged sub ⁇ stantially U-shaped knive blades 8.
• the radially outer and front parts 9 of the two blades, as seen in the direction of rotation 10.of the knife's 3 cutting movement, are arranged with substantially tangen- tially orientated wedges 12. This wedge-shape facilitates ' the pene ⁇ tration of the knives and the initial reduction of .the material.
• Fur ⁇ thermore, each of the two blades 8 has an edge* 11, which runs along the inside of the U-shaped blade.
• each of the two blades 8 contributes to the reduction of the material and simultaneously an even distribution of the loading is achieved as the reduction process takes place in two separate operations each being performed by each of the two blades 8. Together with the helical- posi ⁇ tioning of the knives 3, this will contribute to the minimization of the effect required in order to operate the apparatus.
• the radially outer contour 13 of the trailing blade follows a spiral- shaped line about the axis of rotation 5 with the radially outermost part arranged at the wedge.
• the risk of squeezing the material against the outer contour 13 is hereby minimized.
• the blade 15 which is also provided with a wedge-shaped point 17, will be able to reduce the material located inside the frame of the apparatus 1 but in the area outside the two shafts 2.
• the outer contour 13 may be ribbed or smooth. If ribbed, a better con- tact with the material is achieved and thus a better redistribution.
• Each knife is mounted on a shaft 2 as a stopper 18 is brought into contact with a flange 4 and is attached thereto by means of bolts 19
• Fig. 5 shows that via a suitable gear 20 each of the two shafts 2 is activated by separate activation means in the form of hydraulic motors 21 with adjustable speeds of rotation.
• the hydraulic motors 21 are fed by means of adjustable pumps 22 which via gears 23 are activated by an engine 24.
• the engine 24 may be a diesel-powered engine or one or se ⁇ veral electrical motors.
• a pressure switch 26 In the circuit leading the hydraulic oil from a container 25 to the hydraulic motors 21, a pressure switch 26 has been inserted in front of each of the motors 21.
• a pressure switch 26 has been inserted in front of each of the motors 21.
• the speed of rotation is regulated in two steps of speed, however, the regulation may also be continous.
• the predetermined sequence is chosen in accordance with the material to be reduced.
• the motor also drives a pump 27 for the secondary functions of the apparatus which are not explained in detail as it is not necessary in order to understand the present in ⁇ vention.
• Fig. 6 illustrates three examples of sequences for each of the two shafts 2.
• the lowermost parts of the graphs illustrate the rotation of the shafts in the direction 10 for the cutting movement of the knives while the uppermost parts of the graph illustrate the rotation in the opposite direction.
• the time lag tl and t2 is 5 seconds and 20 seconds, respec ⁇ tively.
• the time lags t3 and t4 are 5 seconds and 40 seconds, respectively.
• the time lag t5 and t6 are 5 seconds and 40 seconds, respectively.
• the material is fed at the top of the apparatus shown, in fig. 1 which is suitable for reducing waste as e.g. refrigerators, tyres, organic waste, furniture or the like.
• waste e.g. refrigerators, tyres, organic waste, furniture or the like.
• the two shafts 2 rotate according to a predet . ermind sequence.
• an operator to take over the steering of the rotation of the shafts if abnormal conditions occur during the reduction.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
• Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
• Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=8096929

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (1)

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Family Cites Families (8)

• 1990
  • 1990-03-21 DK DK073490A patent/DK169378B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1991
  • 1991-03-20 JP JP3506763A patent/JPH0783841B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-03-20 WO PCT/DK1991/000088 patent/WO1991014501A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1991-03-20 AU AU75831/91A patent/AU7583191A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-03-20 EP EP91906904A patent/EP0521081B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-03-20 AT AT91906904T patent/ATE111773T1/de active
  • 1991-03-20 DE DE69104194T patent/DE69104194T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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