EP0520909B1 - Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit einem in der Position regelbaren Schneidkopf - Google Patents

Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit einem in der Position regelbaren Schneidkopf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0520909B1
EP0520909B1 EP92401821A EP92401821A EP0520909B1 EP 0520909 B1 EP0520909 B1 EP 0520909B1 EP 92401821 A EP92401821 A EP 92401821A EP 92401821 A EP92401821 A EP 92401821A EP 0520909 B1 EP0520909 B1 EP 0520909B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tunnel
boring machine
main nose
rings
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92401821A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0520909A1 (de
Inventor
Yves Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GTM Batiment et Travaux Publics SA
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GTM Batiment et Travaux Publics SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP0520909A1 publication Critical patent/EP0520909A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
    • E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tunneling machine, that is to say a machine for digging tunnels.
  • the tunnel boring machines comprise a disc-shaped cutting head mounted in rotation along an axis parallel to the axis of a cylindrical shield situated at the rear of the cutting head.
  • a hole is usually drilled with a diameter slightly larger than that of the outer skirt of the shield.
  • the cutting head has a diameter greater than that of the shield skirt.
  • the lower generator of the cutting head should not be located below the lower generator of the shield to prevent the machine from starting to descend gradually.
  • the cutting head in order for the machine to be able to fit into a curve, the cutting head must dig further into the ground in the direction in which the machine must turn. This condition implies that one can also shift the axis of the head in a horizontal plane.
  • the first known embodiment uses a peripheral tool mounted at the end of the rod of a cylinder arranged radially on the cutting head.
  • the constant or variable elongation of this jack makes it possible to adjust the diameter or the position of the overcut.
  • the cutting head is mounted on a ball joint which makes it possible to orient it towards the place where one wants to dig more.
  • Protecting the ball joint involves a protective seal that is exposed to materials that wear out quickly.
  • the orientation of the head requires control jacks and position sensors associated with a calculation unit. Such a system is complicated, fragile and unreliable.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known embodiments by proposing a simple and reliable system making it possible to adjust the position of the cutting head of a tunnel boring machine relative to the axis of the shield.
  • the invention thus relates to a tunnel boring machine comprising a cylindrical shield carrying a disc-shaped cutting head mounted in rotation along an axis parallel to that of the shield, the cutting head comprising on its face adjacent to the shield an annular part centered on the axis of the cutting head, the diameter of the latter being greater than that of the shield.
  • this tunnel boring machine is characterized in that between said annular part of the cutting head and a cylindrical internal surface of the end of the shield is interposed at least one ring whose internal profile is a circle centered on the axis of the cutting head and the outer profile forming eccentric is a circle whose center is offset from the axis of the cutting head.
  • the ring with an external profile forming an eccentric interposed between the annular part of the cutting head and the internal surface of the shield makes it possible to offset the axis of the cutting head relative to the axis of the shield.
  • the abovementioned offset can be such that the lower generator of the cutting head is located on the lower generator of the shield.
  • the latter performs an overcut of the ground towards the top of the tunnel, to reduce the friction of the tunnel boring machine with respect to the ground during its progression.
  • this ring constitutes a means of adjusting the offset between the two axes above, extremely reliable, unlike the jacks and ball joints used in known embodiments.
  • two rings fitted one inside the other are interposed between said annular part of the cutting head and the internal surface of the end of the shield, these two rings defining three circles, one of which first circle centered on the axis of the cutting head, a second circle common to the two rings whose center is offset from the center of the cutting head, and a third circle, in contact with the internal cylindrical surface of the end of the shield, the center of which is also offset from the centers of the first and second circles.
  • the two rings cooperate with means which make it possible to adjust by rotation their angular position relative to the cutting head and one with respect to the other.
  • these rings make it possible to adjust the position of the axis of the cutting head relative to that of the shield, to compensate for the wear of the cutting head and to achieve an overcut of the ground making it possible to register the tunnel borer in a curve.
  • the tunnel boring machine comprises a shield 1 having a cylindrical outer skirt 2 engaged in the cylindrical tunnel 3 during drilling.
  • the end of the shield has a sharp circular edge 4. Behind this edge 4, the shield 1 has an annular protuberance 5 projecting radially towards the axis XX ′ of the shield 1.
  • a covering consisting of concrete elements 6 has been placed inside the tunnel. Between the front edge of the covering 6 and the annular protuberance 5 extend cylinders 7 exerting an axial thrust which advances the shield 1 forward as the tunnel advances.
  • a cutting head 8 in the form of a disc and carrying at its periphery cutting tools 9 liable to wear out.
  • the rear face of the cutting head 8 comprises an annular part 10, centered on the axis of rotation YY ′ of the cutting head 8.
  • annular support 11 Around this annular part 10 is mounted an annular support 11. Between this support 11 and the annular part 10 is formed a circular rolling track 12 centered on the axis YY ′. Opposite this raceway 12 towards the axis YY ′, the annular part 10 comprises a toothed ring 13 on which are gears of the pinions 14 driven by motors 15 integral with the support 11.
  • a hub 16 is engaged in the cylindrical recess of the annular part 10.
  • the support 11 is integral with stops 17 by means of connecting members 18 which will be detailed later.
  • the stops 17 are fixed to the shield 1 and collect the torque and thrust forces.
  • two rings 19, 20 axially fitted one inside the other.
  • These two rings 19, 20 define (see FIG. 2) three circles, including a first circle C1 centered on the axis YY ′ of the cutting head 8 and in contact with the external surface of the support 11, a second circle C2 common to two rings 19, 20 whose center O is offset from the axis YY ′ of the cutting head 8, and a third circle C3 in contact with the cylindrical internal surface 5a of the end of the shield whose center O1 is also offset from the centers YY ′ and O of the first and second circles C1, C2.
  • the two rings 19, 20 cooperate with means which make it possible to adjust by rotation, their angular position relative to the cutting head 8 and one relative to the other.
  • the rings 19, 20 each comprise, at their edge opposite the cutting head 8, a flange 19a, 20a.
  • the end of the support 11 adjacent to the stops 17 comprises a flange 11a which partly covers the rear of the ring 19.
  • the latter itself comprises a flange 19a which partly covers the rear of the ring 20 which also has a flange 20a which partially covers the adjacent edge of the cylindrical surface 5a.
  • the two rings 19, 20 cooperate with means which allow their angular position relative to the cutting head 8 to be adjusted by rotation.
  • These means can be constituted by motors driving in rotation (see FIG. 2) toothed wheels 21, 23 meshed with crowns or toothed sectors 22, 24 integral with the rings 19, 20.
  • Figures 2, 3A and 3B show the position of the rings 19, 20 when the cutting tools 9 carried by the cutting head 8 are new and the TBM progresses in a straight line.
  • the centers O, O1 of the outer circles C2, C3 of the two rings 19, 20 are offset in the same direction downwards, so that the lower generators G1 and G2 of the cutting head 8 and the shield 1 are confused.
  • the cutting tools 9 carried by the latter wear out and cause a reduction in the diameter of the head and of the tunnel drilled by the latter.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show the case where the cutting tools 9 carried by the cutting head 8 are worn and the tunnel boring machine progresses in a straight line.
  • the center O1 of the outer circle C3 of the second ring 20 is shifted downward relative to the axis of rotation YY 'of the head 8 while the center O of the outer circle C2 of the first ring 19 is shifted up.
  • This position is obtained by rotating the first ring 19 in the second ring 20 at an angle of 180 °, which, due to its eccentricity makes pass its center O above the center YY ′ of the cutting head.
  • the first ring 19 thus acts as an eccentric to compensate for the wear of the cutting tools 9.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B corresponds to a position beyond which it is no longer possible to compensate for the wear of the cutting tools 9, that is to say to maintain the lower generators G1 and G2 in coincidence.
  • control of the rotation of the ring 19 to keep the lower generators G1 and G2 in coincidence could be controlled by the wear of the cutting tools which could itself be detected by means of suitable sensors.
  • the cutting head When you want to register the TBM in a curve, it is necessary that the cutting head performs an overcut in the ground in the direction of the curve, that is to say either to the right or to the left.
  • the extent of this overcut depends of course on the radius of the curve and the length of the shield. This overcut is made by shifting the axis of the cutting head 8 either to the right, for a curve to the right or to the left, for a curve to the left.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show the position of the rings 19 and 20 when the cutting tools 9 of the cutting head 8 are new and the tunnel boring machine is engaged in a curve.
  • the centers O and O1 of the outer circles C2, C3 of the two rings 19, 20 are offset in the same direction downward relative to the axis of rotation YY ′ of the head 8 and are situated on a straight line D forming a certain angle (a) with respect to a horizontal plane, this straight line being inclined towards the direction of the curve.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show the position of the rings 19, 20 when the cutting tools are worn and when it is desired to make an overcut to the right.
  • the centers 0, 01 of the outer circles C2, C3 of the two rings 19, 20 are offset in the same direction relative to the axis of rotation YY ′ of the head 8 and are located on a horizontal line D1 opposite to the direction of the curve.
  • the position shown in FIG. 6A is the extreme position beyond which it is no longer possible to compensate for the wear of the cutting tools. Between the positions shown in FIGS. 5A and 6A exist intermediate positions, obtained by rotation of the ring 20.
  • the axis YY ′ of the cutting head 8 can occupy various positions relative to the axis XX ′ of the shield 1, it is necessary to provide between the support 11 of the head 8 and the stops 17 integral with the shield 1, connecting members 18 allowing the head 8 to move between the various above positions, while absorbing the torque and thrust forces.
  • Such a connecting member 18 is shown in exploded perspective in FIG. 7. It comprises a part 25 integral with a stop 17 having on its face opposite the stop a rib 26 engaged in a complementary groove 27 formed in the opposite face an intermediate piece 28. The latter has on its opposite face a rib 29 making an angle of 90 ° by relative to the rib 26 of the part 25, engaged in a complementary groove 30 formed on the opposite face of a part 31, integral with the support 11.
  • This member takes up the principle of the Oldam keying.
  • seals will be arranged between the annular part 10 and the hub 16, in front of the raceway 12 and of the ring gear 13 to protect them against materials likely to penetrate the part between the cutting head 8 and the front edge 4 of the shield 1.
  • the device proposed in the present invention makes it possible, by means of jacks situated between the stops 17 and the supports 11, to permanently know the total thrust applied to the cutting head only by measuring their average pressure.
  • the two rings 19, 20 constitute eccentrics which make it possible both to compensate for the wear of the cutting head 8 and to make cuts in the ground to the right or to the left to register the tunnel boring machine in a curve.
  • these rings 19, 20 occupy a relatively small space in the front part of the tunnel boring machine and are easy to assemble and disassemble.
  • these rings 19, 20 do not increase the axial length of the tunnel boring machine, unlike known embodiments, in which the cutting head is mounted on a ball joint.
  • a single eccentric ring is sufficient, if one is satisfied with compensating for the wear of the cutting tools.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Tunnelbohrmaschine, bestehend aus einem Zylinderförmigen Schild (1), der einen scheibenförmigen Schneidkopf (8) trägt, welcher gemäß einer zu der des Schildes (1) parallel verlaufenden Achse (Y-Y') drehend montiert ist, wobei der Schneidkopf (8) auf seiner dem Schild benachbarten Seite einen Ringbereich (10) aufweist, der auf der Achse (Y-Y') des Schneidkopfes mittig angeordnet ist, wobei der Durchmesser des letzteren größer ist als der des Schildes (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem besagten Ringbereich (10) des Schneidkopfes (8) und einer zylinderförmigen Innenfläche (5a) des Endes des Schildes (1) mindestens ein Ring (19) eingeschoben ist, dessen Innenprofil ein auf der Achse (Y-Y') des Schneidkopfes mittig angeordneter Kreis (C₁) ist und dessen außermittiges Außenprofil ein Kreis (C₂) ist, dessen Zentrum (0) in bezug auf die Achse (Y-Y') des Schneidkopfes versetzt ist.
  2. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem besagten Ringbereich (10) des Schneidkopfes (8) und der Innenfläche (5a) des Endes des Schildes (1) zwei ineinandergreifende Ringe (19, 20) eingeschoben sind, wobei diese beiden Ringe drei Kreise beschreiben, nämlich einen ersten Kreis (C₁), der mittig auf der Achse (Y-Y') des Schneidkopfes (8) angeordnet ist, einen zweiten, für die beiden Ringe (19,20) gemeinsamen Kreis (C₂), dessen Zentrum (0) in bezug auf das Zentrum ((Y-Y') des Schneidkopfes versetzt ist und einen dritten, mit der zylindrischen Innenfläche (5a) des Endes des Schildes in Kontakt stehenden Kreis (C₃), dessen Zentrum (0₁) in bezug auf die Zentren des ersten und zweiten Kreises ebenfalls versetzt ist.
  3. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Ringe (19, 20) mit Mitteln Zusammenwirken, die durch Drehbewegung ihre Winkelstellung gegenüber dem Schneidkopf (8) sowie zueinander einstellen können.
  4. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Neuzustand der vom Schneidkopf (8) getragenen Schneidwerkzeuge (9) und bei gerader Vorwärtsbewegung der Tunnelbohrmaschine die Außenkreise (C₂, C₃) der beiden Ringe (19, 20) in der gleichen Richtung nach unten versetzt sind, so daß die unteren Mantellinien (G₁, G₂) des Schneidkopfes (8) und des Schildes (2) sich decken.
  5. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Gebrauchtzustand der von dem Schneidkopf (8) getragenen Schneidwerkzeuge (9) und bei gerader Vorwärtsbewegung der Tunnelbohrmaschine das Zentrum (0₁) des Außenkreises (C₃) des zweiten Ringes (20) in bezug auf die Rotationsachse (Y-Y') des Kopfes (8) nach unten versetzt ist, während das Zentrum (0) des Außenkreises (C₂) des ersten Ringes (19) nach oben versetzt ist.
  6. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Neuzustand der Schneidwerkzeuge des Schneidkopfes und wenn die Tunnelbohrmaschine eine Kurve fährt, die Zentren (0 und 0₁) der Außenkreise (C₂, C₃) der beiden Ringe (19, 20) in der gleichen Richtung in bezug auf die Drehachse (Y-Y') des Kopfes (8) nach unten versetzt sind und auf einer Gerade (D) liegen, die in bezug auf eine waagerechte Ebene einen bestimmten Winkel (a) bildet, wobei diese Gerade (D) in Richtung auf die Kurve geneigt ist.
  7. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Gebrauchtzustand der vom Schneidkopf (8) getragenen Schneidwerkzeuge (9) und wenn die Tunnelbohrmaschine eine Kurve fährt, die Zentren (0, 0₁) der Außenkreise (C₂, C₃) der beiden Ringe (19, 20) in der gleichen Richtung in bezug auf die Drehachse des Kopfes versetzt sind und auf einer waagerechten Geraden (D₁) liegen, die zur Richtung der Kurve entgegengesetzt verläuft.
  8. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem ersten Ring (19) und dem Ringbereich (10) des Schneidkopfes (8) ein ringförmiger Halter (11) eingeschoben ist, der sich gegen den Ringbereich des Schneidkopfes abstützt und gegen den sich Anschläge (17) abstützen, die mit dem Schild (1) fest verbunden sind.
  9. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ringe (19, 20) jeweils an ihrem dem Schneidkopf (8) abgewandten Rand einen Kragen (19a, 20a) aufweisen, wobei der Kragen (20a) des zweiten Ringes (20) gegen den hinteren Rand der zylindrischen Innenfläche (5a) des Schildendes anschlägt, der Kragen (19a) des ersten Ringes (19) gegen den hinteren Rand des zweiten Ringes (20) anschlägt, und der Halter (11) selbst auf seinem hinteren Rand einen Kragen (11a) aufweist, der sich gegen die Kragen (19a, 20a) der Ringe abstützt.
  10. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Anschläge (17) gegen den besagten Halter (11) über Organe (18) abstützen, die ein relatives Gleiten quer zur Achse (X-X') des Schildes (2) zwischen dem besagten Halter (11) und den besagten Anschlägen (17) unter gleichzeitiger Aufnahme des Drehmoments des Schneidkopfes (8) ermöglichen.
  11. Tunnelbohrmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Anschlägen (17) und dem Halter (11) Zylinder angeordnet und Mittel vorgesehen sind, um deren mittleren Druck zu messen und alle Komponenten des Maschinenschubs zu regeln.
EP92401821A 1991-06-28 1992-06-26 Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit einem in der Position regelbaren Schneidkopf Expired - Lifetime EP0520909B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9108051 1991-06-28
FR9108051A FR2678296B1 (fr) 1991-06-28 1991-06-28 Tunnelier comprenant une tete de coupe dont la position est reglable.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0520909A1 EP0520909A1 (de) 1992-12-30
EP0520909B1 true EP0520909B1 (de) 1995-12-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92401821A Expired - Lifetime EP0520909B1 (de) 1991-06-28 1992-06-26 Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit einem in der Position regelbaren Schneidkopf

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0520909B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE132228T1 (de)
DE (2) DE69207084T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2036997T1 (de)
FR (1) FR2678296B1 (de)
GR (1) GR930300048T1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4413235C2 (de) * 1994-04-15 1999-04-29 Voest Alpine Tunneltechnik Gmb Tunnelbohrmaschine bzw. Rohrvortriebsmaschine
GB9503160D0 (en) * 1995-02-17 1995-04-05 Rolls Royce Power Eng Boring machine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3667556A (en) * 1970-01-05 1972-06-06 John Keller Henderson Directional drilling apparatus
AT349517B (de) * 1975-02-03 1979-04-10 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Vortriebsmaschine fuer das auffahren von tunneln, stollen u.dgl.
DE2545041A1 (de) * 1975-10-08 1977-04-21 Peiner Masch Schrauben Vorrichtung zum lenken eines tunnelrohres
DE3545765A1 (de) * 1985-12-21 1987-06-25 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Vortriebseinrichtung mit einer in einem vortriebsschild gelagerten vollschnittmaschine
JP2519105B2 (ja) * 1989-07-28 1996-07-31 株式会社イセキ開発工機 シ―ルド型トンネル掘削機

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2678296B1 (fr) 1993-10-29
DE69207084D1 (de) 1996-02-08
GR930300048T1 (en) 1993-06-30
DE69207084T2 (de) 1996-09-19
FR2678296A1 (fr) 1992-12-31
EP0520909A1 (de) 1992-12-30
DE520909T1 (de) 1993-05-19
ES2036997T1 (es) 1993-06-16
ATE132228T1 (de) 1996-01-15

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