EP0520593B1 - Multipole electrical switchgear - Google Patents

Multipole electrical switchgear Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0520593B1
EP0520593B1 EP92250148A EP92250148A EP0520593B1 EP 0520593 B1 EP0520593 B1 EP 0520593B1 EP 92250148 A EP92250148 A EP 92250148A EP 92250148 A EP92250148 A EP 92250148A EP 0520593 B1 EP0520593 B1 EP 0520593B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mounting rail
pole
pole columns
free ends
columns
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP92250148A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0520593A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Meinherz
Michael Punger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6868912&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0520593(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0520593A1 publication Critical patent/EP0520593A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0520593B1 publication Critical patent/EP0520593B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/022Details particular to three-phase circuit breakers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-pole electrical circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a circuit breaker is known for example from DE-A-20 17 836. None is said there about the technical design of the mounting rail for the required rigidity.
  • a support frame for high-voltage switches which consists of several bent sheet metal profiles, which are connected by means of screw connections to form a support profile and are reinforced by additional stiffening plates.
  • U-shaped rail made of sheet metal which has a longitudinal joint for magnetic insulation and is reinforced by another sheet and possibly concrete.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a multi-pole electrical circuit breaker to equip a mounting rail that is simple and economical to manufacture and on which the pole columns can be easily and securely attached.
  • the pole columns should also be easily accessible in the area of the mounting rail.
  • the mounting rail can be manufactured quickly, easily and precisely from a flat sheet metal on a known folding device.
  • the openings for screw fastenings and for the pole columns can be made in the sheet before folding, for example by punching or plasma cutting.
  • the manufacture of the mounting rail is very cost-effective due to the simple folding process.
  • Support bearings for the pole columns can advantageously be arranged on the side of the support rail facing the support insulators.
  • the pole columns even if they are mounted on the mounting rail, are easily accessible from above and below for installation purposes. Due to the open profile shape of the mounting rail, the area of the pole columns below the mounting rail is easily accessible.
  • connection of the part passing through the mounting rail the pole columns with the free ends of the legs of the mounting rail can be realized by screwing or a welded connection. It can prove to be advantageous to connect the part of the pole column to the free ends of the legs of the mounting rail by means of stable metallic webs or sheets. The connection becomes particularly stable when the free ends of the legs of the mounting rail are screwed directly to the pole column.
  • the mounting rail 1 has two free legs 2, 3 which, after the sheet metal has been bent, protrude at right angles from the side 4 of the mounting rail 1 facing the support insulators and point with their free ends 5, 6 to the side facing away from the support insulators 13.
  • the free ends 5, 6 are bent inwards again by folding.
  • the support rail 1 thus forms a channel for receiving those parts of the pole columns 7 which protrude through openings 8, 9, 10 on the side 4 of the support rail 1 facing the support insulators 13.
  • the free, bent ends 5, 6 of the legs 2, 3 of the mounting rail 1 are connected to the pole columns 7 via plates 11, 12. This results in greater rigidity of the mounting rail 1 against twisting and bending.
  • the pole columns 7 are fastened to the side 4 of the mounting rail 1 facing the support insulators 13 by screws.
  • the holes for the screws are already in the sheet metal of the mounting rail 1 before they are folded and are introduced either by punching, plasma cutting, milling or drilling, as are the openings for the pole columns 7.
  • the free ends 5, 6 of the legs 2, 3 of the mounting rail 1 can be of such a length that they can be connected directly and without connecting plates 11, 12 to the pole columns 7 via screw connections. This facilitates the assembly of the switchgear.
  • the typical sheet thickness for the mounting rail 1 is approximately 6 to 8 mm.

Landscapes

  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Installation Of Bus-Bars (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Patch Boards (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

The production and assembly of a multi-pole high-voltage switching apparatus is simplified in that the supporting rail (1) for the pole columns (7) is produced from an integral metal sheet by bending over. The openings for the pole columns on the top of the supporting rail are incorporated before the bending over. (The supporting rail is a bent-over sheet-metal profile). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen mehrpoligen elektrischen Leistungsschalter gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a multi-pole electrical circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein solcher Leistungsschalter ist beispielsweise aus der DE-A-20 17 836 bekannt. Über die technische Ausführung der Tragschiene für die erforderliche Steifheit ist dort nichts gesagt.Such a circuit breaker is known for example from DE-A-20 17 836. Nothing is said there about the technical design of the mounting rail for the required rigidity.

Aus der DE-OS-29 13 379 ist es bekannt, eine rohrförmige Tragschiene für ein mehrpoliges Schaltgerät zu verwenden. Eine solche rohrförmige Tragschiene ist einerseits im Bereich ihres Innenraumes schwer zugänglich, andererseits sind die Polsäulen nur durch zusätzlichen Aufwand zuverlässig und tragfähig mit der rohrförmigen Tragschiene zu verbinden.From DE-OS-29 13 379 it is known to use a tubular mounting rail for a multi-pole switching device. Such a tubular mounting rail is difficult to access on the one hand in the area of its interior, on the other hand, the pole columns can only be connected to the tubular mounting rail reliably and in a load-bearing manner by additional effort.

Aus der DE-U 90 170 55 ist ein Traggestell für Hochspannungsschalter bekannt, das aus mehreren gebogenen Blechprofilen besteht, die mittels Schraubverbindungen zu einem Tragprofil verbunden und durch zusätzliche Versteifungsbleche verstärkt sind.From DE-U 90 170 55 a support frame for high-voltage switches is known, which consists of several bent sheet metal profiles, which are connected by means of screw connections to form a support profile and are reinforced by additional stiffening plates.

Aus der DE-C-68 20 30 ist eine U-förmige Schiene aus Blech bekannt, die eine Längsfuge zur magnetischen Isolation aufweist und durch ein weiteres Blech und gegebenenfalls Beton verstärkt ist.From DE-C-68 20 30 a U-shaped rail made of sheet metal is known, which has a longitudinal joint for magnetic insulation and is reinforced by another sheet and possibly concrete.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen mehrpoligen elektrischen Leistungsschalter mit einer Tragschiene auszustatten, die einfach und wirtschaftlich herstellbar ist und auf der die Polsäulen einfach und sicher befestigt werden können. Die Polsäulen sollen außerdem im Bereich der Tragschiene gut zugänglich sein.In contrast, the present invention seeks to provide a multi-pole electrical circuit breaker to equip a mounting rail that is simple and economical to manufacture and on which the pole columns can be easily and securely attached. The pole columns should also be easily accessible in the area of the mounting rail.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.

Die Tragschiene ist aus einem ebenen Blech auf einer bekannten Abkantvorrichtung schnell, einfach und präzise herzustellen. Die Öffnungen für Schraubenbefestigungen und für die Polsäulen können vor dem Abkanten in das Blech eingebracht werden, beispielsweise durch Stanzen oder Plasmaschneiden.The mounting rail can be manufactured quickly, easily and precisely from a flat sheet metal on a known folding device. The openings for screw fastenings and for the pole columns can be made in the sheet before folding, for example by punching or plasma cutting.

Es ist keine Montage der einzelnen Tragschienen mehr notwendig. Außerdem wird die Tragschiene durch das Fehlen von Verstärkungen für die Befestigungen sehr leicht.It is no longer necessary to assemble the individual mounting rails. In addition, the lack of reinforcements for the fastenings makes the mounting rail very light.

Die Herstellung der Tragschiene wird durch den einfachen Arbeitsgang des Abkantens sehr kostengünstig.The manufacture of the mounting rail is very cost-effective due to the simple folding process.

An der den Stützisolatoren zugewandten Seite der Tragschiene können vorteilhaft Traglager für die Polsäulen angeordnet sein.Support bearings for the pole columns can advantageously be arranged on the side of the support rail facing the support insulators.

Die Polsäulen sind, auch wenn sie auf die Tragschiene montiert sind, von oben und unten her für Montagezwecke leicht zugänglich. Durch die offene Profilform der Tragschiene ist auch der Bereich der Polsäulen unterhalb der Tragschiene leicht zugänglich.The pole columns, even if they are mounted on the mounting rail, are easily accessible from above and below for installation purposes. Due to the open profile shape of the mounting rail, the area of the pole columns below the mounting rail is easily accessible.

Die Verbindung des die Tragschiene durchsetzenden Teils der Polsäulen mit den freien Enden der Schenkel der Tragschiene kann durch Verschrauben oder eine Schweißverbindung realisiert sein. Es kann sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, den Teil der Polsäule über stabile metallische Stege oder Bleche mit den freien Enden der Schenkel der Tragschiene zu verbinden. Besonders stabil wird die Verbindung bei einer direkten Verschraubung der freien Enden der Schenkel der Tragschiene mit der Polsäule.The connection of the part passing through the mounting rail the pole columns with the free ends of the legs of the mounting rail can be realized by screwing or a welded connection. It can prove to be advantageous to connect the part of the pole column to the free ends of the legs of the mounting rail by means of stable metallic webs or sheets. The connection becomes particularly stable when the free ends of the legs of the mounting rail are screwed directly to the pole column.

Im folgenden sei die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in einer Zeichnung gezeigt und anschließend beschrieben.

Figur 1
zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Schaltgerät mit einer Tragschiene im Querschnitt,
Figur 2
eine Tragschiene in perspektivischer Ansicht.
In the following, the invention is shown on the basis of an exemplary embodiment in a drawing and then described.
Figure 1
shows a switching device according to the invention with a mounting rail in cross section,
Figure 2
a mounting rail in a perspective view.

Die Tragschiene 1 weist zwei freie Schenkel 2, 3 auf, die nach dem Abkanten des Bleches von der den Stützisolatoren zugewandten Seite 4 der Tragschiene 1 rechtwinklig abstehen und mit ihren freien Enden 5, 6 nach der den Stützisolatoren 13 abgewandten Seite weisen. Die freien Enden 5, 6 sind, abermals durch Abkanten, nach innen umgebogen.The mounting rail 1 has two free legs 2, 3 which, after the sheet metal has been bent, protrude at right angles from the side 4 of the mounting rail 1 facing the support insulators and point with their free ends 5, 6 to the side facing away from the support insulators 13. The free ends 5, 6 are bent inwards again by folding.

Die Tragschiene 1 bildet somit einen Kanal zur Aufnahme derjenigen Teile der Polsäulen 7, die durch Öffnungen 8, 9, 10 an der den Stützisolatoren 13 zugewandten Seite 4 der Tragschiene 1 hindurchragen. Die freien, umgebogenen Enden 5, 6 der Schenkel 2, 3 der Tragschiene 1 sind über Bleche 11, 12 mit den Polsäulen 7 verbunden. Dadurch wird eine größere Steifigkeit der Tragschiene 1 gegen Verwindung und Verbiegung erreicht.The support rail 1 thus forms a channel for receiving those parts of the pole columns 7 which protrude through openings 8, 9, 10 on the side 4 of the support rail 1 facing the support insulators 13. The free, bent ends 5, 6 of the legs 2, 3 of the mounting rail 1 are connected to the pole columns 7 via plates 11, 12. This results in greater rigidity of the mounting rail 1 against twisting and bending.

Die Polsäulen 7 sind an der den Stützisolatoren 13 zugewandten Seite 4 der Tragschiene 1 durch Schrauben befestigt. Die Löcher für die Schrauben sind in dem Blech der Tragschiene 1 schon vor dem Abkanten vorhanden und werden entweder durch Stanzen, Plasmaschneiden, Fräsen oder Bohren eingebracht, ebenso wie die Öffnungen für die Polsäulen 7.The pole columns 7 are fastened to the side 4 of the mounting rail 1 facing the support insulators 13 by screws. The holes for the screws are already in the sheet metal of the mounting rail 1 before they are folded and are introduced either by punching, plasma cutting, milling or drilling, as are the openings for the pole columns 7.

Die freien Enden 5, 6 der Schenkel 2, 3 der Tragschiene 1 können für sich so lang ausgebildet sein, daß sie direkt und ohne Verbindungsbleche 11, 12 über Schraubverbindungen mit den Polsäulen 7 verbunden werden können. das erleichtert die Montage des Schaltgerätes.The free ends 5, 6 of the legs 2, 3 of the mounting rail 1 can be of such a length that they can be connected directly and without connecting plates 11, 12 to the pole columns 7 via screw connections. this facilitates the assembly of the switchgear.

Die typische Blechdicke für die Tragschiene 1 beträgt etwa 6 bis 8 mm. Es sind in den Schenkeln 2, 3 der Tragschiene 1 Eingriffsöffnungen 15, 16,17 vorgesehen, durch die die Polsäulen 7 von außen im Bereich der Tragschiene leicht zugänglich sind.The typical sheet thickness for the mounting rail 1 is approximately 6 to 8 mm. There are engagement openings 15, 16, 17 in the legs 2, 3 of the mounting rail 1, through which the pole columns 7 are easily accessible from the outside in the area of the mounting rail.

Claims (2)

  1. Multipole electric circuit-breaker having a substantially U-shaped mounting rail for a plurality of pole columns having post insulators, in which circuit-breaker the free ends (5, 6) of the limbs (2, 3) of the U-shaped mounting rail (1) point towards the side which faces away from the post insulators (13), characterised in that the mounting rail (1) consists of a one-piece sheet which has been folded many times, with the free ends (5, 6) of the limbs (2, 3) of the U-shaped mounting rail (1) being folded inwards, in that there are provided on the side of the mounting rail (1) that faces towards the post insulators (13) openings (8, 9, 10) for receiving portions of the pole columns (7), and in that in each case a portion of the pole column (7) that penetrates the mounting rail (1) is connected, on the side of the mounting rail (1) that faces away from the post insulator (13), to the free ends (5, 6) of the limbs (2, 3) of said mounting rail.
  2. Multipole electric circuit-breaker according to claim 1, characterised in that mounting bearings (14) for the pole columns (7) are arranged on the side of the mounting rail (1) that faces the post insulators (13).
EP92250148A 1991-06-28 1992-06-12 Multipole electrical switchgear Revoked EP0520593B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9108176U 1991-06-28
DE9108176U DE9108176U1 (en) 1991-06-28 1991-06-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0520593A1 EP0520593A1 (en) 1992-12-30
EP0520593B1 true EP0520593B1 (en) 1997-03-19

Family

ID=6868912

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92250148A Revoked EP0520593B1 (en) 1991-06-28 1992-06-12 Multipole electrical switchgear

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0520593B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE150582T1 (en)
DE (2) DE9108176U1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007033704B4 (en) * 2007-07-17 2009-04-30 Siemens Ag Arrangement with a switch-disconnector and a grounding switch
DE102017216487A1 (en) * 2017-09-18 2019-03-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Basic carrier for a circuit breaker

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE682030C (en) * 1937-02-28 1939-10-06 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Chassis for switch
GB1259354A (en) * 1969-04-14 1972-01-05
DE2009759C3 (en) * 1970-03-03 1979-01-04 Ruhrtal-Elektrizitaetsgesellschaft Hartig & Co, 4300 Essen Disconnector
DE7909647U1 (en) * 1979-03-30 1983-06-30 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Multipole electrical switching device with a mounting body protruding into the interior of a tubular base frame
DE2949127A1 (en) * 1979-12-06 1981-06-25 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt SF (DOWN ARROW) 6 (DOWN ARROW) - HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH AUTOPNEUMATIC SWITCHING PRINCIPLE
US4752859A (en) * 1985-04-10 1988-06-21 S&C Electric Company Arrangement for providing various circuit protection device configurations
DE9017055U1 (en) * 1990-12-18 1991-03-07 Abb Patent Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim, De

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0520593A1 (en) 1992-12-30
DE59208218D1 (en) 1997-04-24
ATE150582T1 (en) 1997-04-15
DE9108176U1 (en) 1992-11-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2915215B1 (en) Series module arrangement with an energy bus system
DE69710245T2 (en) Electrical terminal and method
EP1921722B1 (en) Switching cabinet for an electrical installation distribution system
EP0010251B1 (en) Device for the internal mounting of installation equipment
EP0171463A1 (en) Housing for an electric module
EP1994614B1 (en) Frame construction for a switchgear cabinet, switchgear cabinet and construction kit for the switchgear cabinet
EP0898779B1 (en) Circuit breaker for low tension with connecting bars
EP0520593B1 (en) Multipole electrical switchgear
EP0466043B1 (en) Distribution installation with at least two rows of electrical apparatus of a narrow type
EP0442591A2 (en) Multifield switchgear with a bus bar arrangement
EP1927172A1 (en) Busbar system for electrical switchgear
DE1261217B (en) Busbar
DE2360260C2 (en) Contact protection for busbars in electrical distribution systems and the like
DE3633854A1 (en) SCREW TERMINAL
EP4030561A1 (en) Connecting terminal for connecting an insulated conductor
EP1619766B1 (en) Busbar system for a low voltage switch cabinet
WO1997025732A1 (en) Open-air high-voltage circuit breaker
EP1154535B1 (en) Busbar system for electrical power transmission in magnetic low leakage implementation
EP1573876B1 (en) Busbar assembly
DE2409692A1 (en) SWITCHGEAR WITH A CELL-LIKE CONSTRUCTION
WO2003052893A2 (en) Bushing
DE19930813A1 (en) Circuit breakers with connecting rails for different nominal currents
DE2901214C2 (en) Control cabinet, especially for an electrical low-voltage switchgear
EP0304513B1 (en) Low-voltage lighting system
EP1653579B1 (en) Profiled rail for constructing a frame, particulary for an electrical cabinet

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19930122

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940210

APAB Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPE

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 150582

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19970415

Kind code of ref document: T

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59208218

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19970424

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19970521

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19970602

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19970609

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19970612

Year of fee payment: 6

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19970619

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19970619

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19970626

Year of fee payment: 6

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG

ET Fr: translation filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19970620

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19970820

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19970912

Year of fee payment: 6

PLBQ Unpublished change to opponent data

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OPPO

PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

PLBF Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: ABB PATENT GMBH

Effective date: 19971210

NLR1 Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo

Opponent name: ABB PATENT GMBH

PLBF Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO

RDAH Patent revoked

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REVO

PLBF Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO

RDAG Patent revoked

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009271

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT REVOKED

27W Patent revoked

Effective date: 19980809

GBPR Gb: patent revoked under art. 102 of the ep convention designating the uk as contracting state

Free format text: 980809

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

NLR2 Nl: decision of opposition
APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO