EP0515669B2 - Plattenwärmetauscher - Google Patents

Plattenwärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0515669B2
EP0515669B2 EP92903209A EP92903209A EP0515669B2 EP 0515669 B2 EP0515669 B2 EP 0515669B2 EP 92903209 A EP92903209 A EP 92903209A EP 92903209 A EP92903209 A EP 92903209A EP 0515669 B2 EP0515669 B2 EP 0515669B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stack
vessel
plate
exchanger
collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92903209A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0515669B1 (de
EP0515669A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Jullien
Yves Couillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alfa Laval Packinox SAS
Original Assignee
Packinox SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Packinox SA filed Critical Packinox SA
Publication of EP0515669A1 publication Critical patent/EP0515669A1/de
Publication of EP0515669B1 publication Critical patent/EP0515669B1/de
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Publication of EP0515669B2 publication Critical patent/EP0515669B2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0006—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the plate-like or laminated conduits being enclosed within a pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/0075—Supports for plates or plate assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the design plate type heat exchangers. These generally differ from exchangers tubular by the fact that fluids in situation heat exchange flow longitudinally from on either side of plates arranged contiguously parallel to each other.
  • heat exchangers this type have a bundle of flat plates parallels which consist of thin sheets most often stainless steel, with corrugations by which they are in contact with each other others and by which they organize traffic fluids longitudinally from one end to the other of the exchanger (generally against the current one on the other), creating turbulence favorable to heat exchanges that take place between fluids at across each plate.
  • the plates are welded together via tabs or frames forming spacers which maintain the spacing between two plates successive.
  • the stack of plates is framed by two relatively thick sheets, which carry the weight of the beam on a support.
  • the invention offers a corresponding plate heat exchanger to a new way of mounting the beam in its enclosure which responds better than the exchangers with plates previous to the different needs of practice, particularly in terms of manufacturing convenience, in costs and operational safety.
  • It relates to a plate type exchanger comprising a bundle of heat exchange plates between fluids flowing between them which is arranged inside a resistance enclosure in pressure as defined in claim 1.
  • the beam is now suspended according to the invention at the upper collector of the exchanger which considerably limits the thickness of the sheets framing the beam in to the extent that they no longer have to resume efforts to suspension of the assembly. This also avoids the appearance of forces tending to separate these sheets in the lower part of the beam.
  • connection box is made of thicker sheets than plates constituting the beam for use with the suspension of it.
  • the external and internal conduits each in au minus two tubular sections welded end to end for the first embodiment or through an expansion bellows for the second form preferred embodiment, an adjoining external section the enclosure being made of the same material that this and an internal section adjoining the beam being made of the same material as this.
  • the internal section of the external conduit is preferably constituted, for at least part of its length, by two semi-cylindrical walls which are welded together on generators opposite the manufacture of the exchanger, after butting of the internal duct.
  • the circuits supply and extraction manifolds fluids can be achieved in any way by themselves classic.
  • the exchanger according to the invention also comprises means for centering the heat exchange bundle by with respect to a cylindrical shell limiting the outer enclosure, which are also sized to be able to support beam out of operation in position longitudinal horizontal.
  • the present invention has advantages sensitive in the manufacture of plate heat exchangers and in the safety of their operation.
  • the exchanger of the invention basically has a beam 1 of rectangular 2 heat exchange plates between two fluids which cross the beam longitudinally, and an external enclosure 3, resistant to pressure fluids, which encloses the beam.
  • the exchanger is intended to operate in the longitudinal position vertical, the inlets and outlets of fluids being at the two longitudinally opposite ends of the exchanger, at the top and bottom of the enclosure outside.
  • it is expected that it can be easily transported in a horizontal position.
  • a first of these fluids is the charge; consisting of napthta, and of hydrogen it represents the relatively fluid cold which must be preheated by the effluent in the exchanger.
  • the second is formed by the effluent, relatively hot. It also happens that the charge of naphtha reaches the exchanger under pressure higher than the effluent; that's why it penetrates, in the lower part of the exchanger, directly in enclosure 3, which it fills, before crossing the beam.
  • the enclosure, or grille 3 is essentially limited by a cylindrical shell 10, enveloping on the entire length of the bundle 1, and by two caps semi-spherical 4 and 5 which partially close the shell high and low of the exchanger. Given the dimensions individual plates 2 and their number, the parallelepiped beam 1 is contained axially in the grille 3.
  • the collector circuits, supply and extraction guide the two fluids between the beam and the outside of the enclosure cross the grille 3 as will be described later.
  • the figures further show a tube 8 which comprises the lower cap 5 to introduce into the enclosure a recycling gas, and a manhole 9 closed by a plate 40, which is used to enter the enclosure for mounting the internal elements of the exchanger and its maintenance.
  • the realization of the heat exchange bundle itself conforms to that which has been described in FR-A- 2 638 226, which will be referred to in particularly with regard to the production of the plates 2, as well as that of the orifices for the inputs and outlets of fluids at the ends of the beam.
  • the plates 2 appear by their edge in Figure 2, on a scale that does not allow see how they rest on each other by undulations which simultaneously have the role to provide passages between plates guiding the fluids to the beam inlet or outlet manifolds.
  • These plates are made with their corrugations by explosion forming of thin sheets in stainless metal. They are stacked together to form the bundle, with the interposition of tabs metal welded on their edges as spacers closing the passages between plates on two opposite longitudinal faces 12 and 13 of bundle 1.
  • the beam On its two other longitudinal faces, the beam is framed by two thick sheets 6 and 7, usually stainless steel, so as to constitute a mechanical support structure for the stack of plates.
  • the thin sheets making up the plates 2 for example have a thickness of the order 1 mm.
  • the thick sheets 6 and 7 have a thickness of 3 to 5 mm whereas in the prior art a thickness of 10 mm was necessary because these plates had to take up all mechanical efforts and support the whole vertical beam in the radiator shell.
  • the exchanger described does not has no truly supportive parts analog which is sufficiently strong and welded both to sheets 6 and 7 and to the ferrule 10 to connect them in a rigid structure resistant to the conditions of operation.
  • spacers such as those shown in 18 and 19, constituted for example in the form of perforated or star grid, which are used to support the beam 1 in radiator shell 10, no longer when it is upright and in operation, but only when it is horizontal for transporting the complete exchanger. In functioning, these spacers simply play the role of centering members, retaining the beam in the axis of the enclosure 3.
  • the beam is carried suspended from enclosure 3 at the top of the exchanger, by fluid collecting circuits. All the exchanger is supported by a not shown sode on which the enclosure 3 rests by brackets 16 and 17, welded to it at the level of the circular weld connecting the lower cap 5 to the shell 10 so waterproof.
  • the charge constituting the fluid at high pressure penetrates directly into the bottom of the exchanger in enclosure 3 by tubing 11. It fills this enclosure and it is taken up by the passages between plates at the bottom of the beam.
  • a first collector comprising a first connection box 21, of semi-cylindrical annular shape, connected to an external conduit 22 which passes axially the upper grille cap 4 in a leaktight manner and leads to the outside of the exchanger by a side connection 14 biased, fitted at the end a flange suitable for its connection to piping no longer part of the exchanger.
  • the conduit 22, the nozzle 14 and the box 21 form together what we consider here as constituting an external collector supply circuit the naphtha charge exchanger.
  • connection box semi-cylindrical lower 24 to an axial duct 35 which completes an effluent collection collector circuit crossing the lower grille cap 5.
  • a second upper connection box analog 23 is welded to the harness at its end upper to supply the beam in effluent from an axial internal duct 26 which guides the effluent through the upper cap 4 by constituting an internal collector circuit.
  • conduit 3 of effluent extraction collector circuit located in part heat exchanger, is interrupted by a thermal expansion compensator, constituted here by a metal bellows 25.
  • a thermal expansion compensator constituted here by a metal bellows 25.
  • it is similar to those of conventional plate heat exchangers suspended across the beam itself, except that the nominal properties of the bellows are calculated differently.
  • the internal effluent collector circuit with the second connection box upper 23 and the internal duct 26 is disposed axially inside the external collector circuit load supply, at the level of the first upper connection box 21 and external conduit axial 22.
  • a rigid assembly is thus formed beam 1 to speaker 3 by sound upper end, the effluent collection circuit, or internal circuit, being rigidly linked to the collecting circuit of the load, or external circuit, which is itself rigidly linked to enclosure 3. Rigid connections including these are carried out in practice by welding, which simultaneously seal the fluids.
  • connection boxes and the sections of the external conduit 22 and internal conduit 26 which are located inside enclosure 3, under the upper cap 4, are advantageously made of steel stainless like the elements of the beam itself.
  • the thickness of their walls can be relatively low, for example 25 mm for the collector internal and 4 to 6 mm for the external collector.
  • the conduits also have sections 27 and 28, called external, respectively butt welded to the corresponding internal sections, which are internal at enclosure 3. It's at these sections 27 and 28 that the cap 4 is crossed, with waterproof welding.
  • Their walls are thicker and they are made for example of steel chrome like the walls of the enclosure.
  • the section 28 of the internal collector crosses a closing cover 29 the external collector beyond the tap 14 and it ends on the outside with a coupling flange 31.
  • the internal collector with its associated connection box which ensures mechanically supporting the beam to the cover 29 closing the external collector.
  • the walls of the section from the internal external collector to enclosure 3 in this case has a significantly smaller thickness than that of the walls of the internal collector.
  • the internal section of conduit 22 is made up over part of its length, between the lines transverse 32 and 33, by two connecting pieces semi-cylindrical which are welded on site for close the corresponding circuit.
  • the welding area between two sections of different metallic materials, on the conduits of the internal collector circuits and external, can have its position calculated precisely in each particular application, following the operating conditions envisaged. In all the cases we will notice that the differences in temperatures to which the walls are subjected circuits are weaker than in the montages of the prior art.
  • conduit the elements collector circuits which have been designated above by the term of conduit are realized essentially in the form of cylindrical tubes, in particular at the crossing of enclosure 3, at which they are sealed.
  • the suspension means illustrated in the figure 4 have on the two flat faces 15 and 20 constituting each one end of the half cylinder that forms the first external connection box 21, a connecting plate 30 having approximately the half-disc shape to adapt to curvature of the shell 10.
  • Attaching the connecting plates 30 to the plates support 36 is carried out by means of one or more assemblies bolt / nut 41 passing through the latter.
  • provision can be made to facilitate the beam centering, that the crossing of the plates of connection 30 by the fixing means takes place at through an oblong hole 42 for adjusting the position on the support plates 36.
  • the oblong holes 42 of the two connecting plates 30 can be in directions perpendicular to each other to allow adjustment in both directions.
  • conduits 22 and 26 respectively ensuring the guiding the first fluid from the connection box external 21 towards the outside of enclosure 3 and of the second fluid from outside the enclosure 3 to the internal connection box 23, are no longer coaxial.
  • conduits 22 and 26 which are located inside enclosure 3, under the upper cap 4 and which are connected to the connection boxes respectively 21 and 23 are respectively connected to sections 27 and 28, called external at which the cap 4 is crossed by metal bellows 38 and 39 constituting compensators thermal expansion.
  • the sections 27 and 28 each end with a coupling flange 31.
  • the lower part of the exchanger is not modified compared to the first embodiment.
  • the exchanger is supported by a base on which the enclosure 3 rests by brackets not shown and the beam is supported when the exchanger is in horizontal position for transport by not shown spacers.
  • the efforts support beam 1 are reported to the enclosure 3 via the connection boxes which are preferably welded by their edges constituting the longitudinal edges of the semi-cylinders on the edges of the plates 2 constituting bundle 1.
  • each plate 2 can be individually linked to the longitudinal edges of the box internal connection 23 which are perpendicular to the plane in which the stacking is carried out.
  • connection boxes 21 and 23 are rigidly linked together by their ends longitudinal by the fact that the planar faces are common to the two connection boxes 21 and 23, or if they are specific to each of them, they are welded one on the other, we take the efforts suspension by the two collectors to postpone them on the connection plates.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Plattenwärmetauscher, der ein Bündel (1) Wãrmetauscherplatten (2) zwischen Fluids, die zwischen diesen zirkulieren, das im Inneren eines druckbeständigen Mantels (3) angeordnet ist, und Aufnahmemittel für das Bündel (1) an dem Mantel auf der Höhe von mindestens einem ersten Sammelkreislauf umfaßt, der einen ersten Anschlußbehälter (21, 23) am oberen Ende von Bündel (1) umfaßt und ein erstes der Fluids zwischen dem Ende und dem Außenbereich des Mantels (3) führt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aufnahmemittel mindestens zwei Stützplatten (36) umfassen, die ungefähr die Form einer Halbscheibe haben, wobei jede über ihren Kreisabschnitt an die Innenseite einer Hülse (10) geschweißt ist, die den Mantel (3) um das Bündel (1) herum begrenzt und jeweils mindestens eine starre Anschlußplatte (30) von ähnlicher Form aufnimmt, die mit ihrem geraden Abschnitt auf eine ebene Fläche (15, 20) geschweißt ist, die ein Ende des Halbzylinders bildet, der den ersten Anschlußbehälter (21) bildet, wobei der erste Sammelkreislauf einen äußeren Sammelkreislauf bildet.
  2. Plattenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zweiter Anschlußbehälter (23) am oberen Ende von Bündel (1) unterhalb der Form eines zweiten genau halbzylindrischen Behälters vorgesehen ist, der axial in dem ersten Behälter montiert ist.
  3. Plattenwärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Anschlußplatte (30) ein längliches Loch (42) aufweist, das zum Durchgang von Befestigungsmittel (41) an der Stützplatte (36) vorgesehen ist, auf der sie ruht, und das die Einstellung der Zentrierung von Bündel (1) ermöglicht, wobei die Befestigungsmittel (41) vorzugsweise aus einer Kombination von Schraubenmutter/Bolzen gebildet sind, die durch das längliche Loch (42) und ein rundes Loch führen, das in der Stützplatte (36) vorhanden ist.
  4. Plattenwärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zweiter Sammelkreislauf einen inneren Sammelkreislauf (23, 26) bildet, der axial im Inneren des ersten Sammelkreislaufs montiert ist, der einen äußeren Sammelkreislauf (21, 26) für das erste Fluid bildet.
  5. Plattenwärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sammelkreisläufe jeweils eine Rohrleitung (22, 26) umfassen, die die Leitung des Fluids sicherstellen, wenn sie zu einem Durchlaß einer oberen Kuppel (4) führen, die den Mantel (3) abschließt, wobei jede Rohrleitung (22, 26) mittels eines Metallbalgs (38, 39), der einen Dehnungsausgleich bildet, an einem Anschlußbehälter (21, 23) befestigt ist.
  6. Plattenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sammelkreisläufe jeweils eine äußere Rohrleitung (22) und eine innere Rohrleitung (26) umfassen, die durch miteinander koaxiale Rohre gebildet werden und das Leiten der Fluids zu den Durchlaß einer oberen Kuppel (4) sicherstellen, die den Mantel (3) abschließt.
  7. Plattenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohrleitungen (22, 26) jeweils aus mindestens zwei rohrförmigen Teilstücken gebildet sind, die Ende an Ende verschweißt sind, wobei ein inneres Teilstück am Mantel aus dem gleichen Material geschaffen ist wie das Bündel, und ein äußeres Teilstück (27, 28), das den Mantel (3) durchquert, aus dem gleichen Material wie dieser geschaffen ist.
  8. Plattenwärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sammelleitungen (21, 22, 23, 26) jeweils zur Aufnahme von einem ersten Fluid zum Extrahieren des Tauschers mit relativ erhöhtem Druck, wobei der Mantel (3) an seinem Einlaß (11) gefüllt wird, in den Tauscher und einem zweiten Fluid wit relativ niedrigem Druck vorgesehen sind.
  9. Plattenwärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sammelleitungen (21, 22, 23, 26) jeweils zur Aufnahme von einem ersten Fluid mit einer relativ niedrigen Temperatur in den Wärmetauscher und einem zweiten Fluid mit relativ erhöhter Temperatur vorgesehen sind.
  10. Plattenwärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Zentriermittel (18, 19) für das Wärmetauscherbündel (1) in Bezug auf eine zylindrische Hülse (10) aufweist, die den Mantel nach außen begrenzt, die außerdem so bemessen sind, daß sie das Bündel (1) neben der Funktion der Positionierung in Längs- und Querrichtung stützen können.
EP92903209A 1990-12-21 1991-12-20 Plattenwärmetauscher Expired - Lifetime EP0515669B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9016060 1990-12-21
FR9016060A FR2670877B1 (fr) 1990-12-21 1990-12-21 Echangeur a plaques dispose a l'interieur d'une enceinte de resistance en pression.
PCT/FR1991/001046 WO1992011500A1 (fr) 1990-12-21 1991-12-20 Echangeur a plaques

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0515669A1 EP0515669A1 (de) 1992-12-02
EP0515669B1 EP0515669B1 (de) 1994-10-12
EP0515669B2 true EP0515669B2 (de) 1998-10-14

Family

ID=9403501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92903209A Expired - Lifetime EP0515669B2 (de) 1990-12-21 1991-12-20 Plattenwärmetauscher

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5333681A (de)
EP (1) EP0515669B2 (de)
JP (1) JPH05507348A (de)
AT (1) ATE112846T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69104607T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2670877B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1992011500A1 (de)

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US6106789A (en) * 1993-12-30 2000-08-22 Phillips Petroleum Company Alkylation reactor with internal acid cooling zones
FR2731784B1 (fr) * 1995-03-17 1997-05-30 Packinox Sa Echangeur thermique a plaques
FR2732759B1 (fr) * 1995-04-04 1997-07-04 Packinox Sa Echangeur de chaleur a plaques pour fluide sous pression et utilisation
FR2751402B1 (fr) * 1996-07-19 1998-10-09 Packinox Sa Installation d'echange thermique entre au moins trois fluides
US6194609B1 (en) 1997-06-30 2001-02-27 Bp Amoco Corporation Crystallization in a plate heat exchanger
FR2772468B1 (fr) * 1997-12-17 2000-03-03 Packinox Sa Echangeur thermique a plaques
FR2830205B1 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2003-12-12 Inst Francais Du Petrole Enceinte reactionnelle comprenant une enveloppe contenant au moins un module relie par des moyens souples a l'enveloppe et contenant des moyens d'echange de chaleur
US6892797B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2005-05-17 Honeywell International, Inc. Heat exchanger with biased and expandable core support structure
FR2869979B1 (fr) * 2004-05-06 2006-08-04 Packinox Sa Echangeur thermique a plaques
US6899169B1 (en) * 2004-07-02 2005-05-31 Richard D. Cox Plastic heat exchanger
JP2008286437A (ja) 2007-05-15 2008-11-27 Toshiba Corp 熱交換器
CN102645115B (zh) * 2012-05-14 2014-03-19 兰州兰石换热设备有限责任公司 板壳式换热器
JP2020523546A (ja) * 2017-06-11 2020-08-06 リヴニ，ツヴィ 分割されたマニホールド管を有するプレートおよびシェル熱交換システム
WO2019147168A2 (ru) * 2018-01-23 2019-08-01 Олег Викторович БАРЗИНСКИЙ Пластинчатый теплообменник для гидрогенизационных установок вторичной переработки нефти
RU2670996C1 (ru) * 2018-01-24 2018-10-29 Олег Викторович Барзинский Пластинчатый теплообменник для гидрогенизационных установок вторичной переработки нефти
RU2669989C1 (ru) * 2018-01-23 2018-10-17 Олег Викторович Барзинский Пластинчатый теплообменник для гидрогенизационных установок вторичной переработки нефти
CN111551066A (zh) * 2020-04-24 2020-08-18 上海石化机械制造有限公司 一种热交换器
FR3126034A1 (fr) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-10 Airbus (S.A.S.) Echangeur thermique limitant les risques de contamination entre deux fluides et aéronef comprenant au moins un tel échangeur thermique

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FR911373A (fr) * 1945-06-11 1946-07-05 Appareil pour l'échange de chaleur entre des liquides
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JPS58173394A (ja) * 1982-04-02 1983-10-12 Hitachi Ltd 熱交換器
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DE3375045D1 (en) * 1983-12-15 1988-02-04 Dow Chemical Co Flat plate heat exchange apparatus
JPS62206380A (ja) * 1986-03-05 1987-09-10 Hitachi Ltd 積層熱交換器
DE3615877A1 (de) * 1986-05-10 1987-11-12 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Waermetauscher fuer unter erhoehtem druck stehende gase
FR2647198B1 (fr) * 1989-05-22 1991-07-19 Packinox Sa Echangeur thermique a conduits a plaques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69104607T3 (de) 1999-05-06
EP0515669B1 (de) 1994-10-12
ATE112846T1 (de) 1994-10-15
EP0515669A1 (de) 1992-12-02
DE69104607D1 (de) 1994-11-17
JPH05507348A (ja) 1993-10-21
FR2670877A1 (fr) 1992-06-26
US5333681A (en) 1994-08-02
WO1992011500A1 (fr) 1992-07-09
FR2670877B1 (fr) 1996-09-13
DE69104607T2 (de) 1995-02-16

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