EP0507308B1 - Plant for making reinforced panels for roofs and walls - Google Patents

Abstract

Plant for manufacturing wall, double-wall and ceiling panels, which are provided with transverse and longitudinal iron reinforcement bars and lattice girders or the like, as prefabricated concrete parts which are assembled at the point of use into a wall or ceiling of a building or the like and are possibly filled up with site-mixed concrete, closing in the lattice girder regions or the like projecting above the panel surface, to form the finished wall or ceiling, with a number of pallets, each of which serves to receive one or more panels to be manufactured, even with different dimensioning, outline form and/or cutouts, and which are guided movably in a circulation path which, seen in the direction of movement, comprises a series of manufacturing stations (21 - 32), at least the station (24) for positioning the longitudinal reinforcement bars being assigned an alignment and cutting machine (33) and/or the station (25) for positioning the lattice girders being assigned a lattice girder machine (35), from which the longitudinal reinforcement bars, which are matched to the pallet (39) in each case moved into the reinforcement station for the positioning of the lattice girders or to the panels to be constructed thereon, are, in a suitably centrally controlled manner, cut to length and delivered and set down in a distributed manner, in such a manner that, with a view to continuous and thus economical mode of operation even in the event of the occurrence of faults, there is arranged between the alignment and cutting machine or its output and the reinforcement station for the longitudinal reinforcement and/or between the lattice girder machine and the station for the positioning of the lattice girders a storage device (37 or 38), in which a number of longitudinal reinforcement bars (47) can be received in a stocked up manner in dimensioning and spatial distribution adapted to one or more panels and can be supplied in a centrally controlled manner to the associated reinforcement station or to the station for the positioning of the lattice girders.

Description

The invention relates to the manufacture of wall and ceiling elements which are provided with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement and with lattice girders or the like. The lattice girders protrude above the finished plate, they extend in the case of a double wall element between the two finished plates forming this, which can be any type of iron reinforcement which runs transversely to the plate surface. The lattice girders are anchored with in-situ concrete to be filled in later. This happens when filling the space between the two panels of double wall elements and in the case of weak-walled (approximately between 4 and 10 cm thick) concrete ceiling panels and, as an exception, in so-called full assembly ceilings, which have final ceiling thickness, for exceptional cases such as industrial buildings or the like also add additional in-situ concrete beyond their usual thickness of approx. 20 cm for structural reasons. In the latter case, such full assembly ceilings can be provided with brackets that protrude upwards out of the concrete and serve the bond with the in-situ concrete layer to be applied. All these Panel-shaped wall, double-wall, thin-walled ceiling and full assembly ceiling elements manufactured as precast concrete elements are addressed here. To this extent, the typical previous manufacturing features are described below using relatively weak-walled plate-shaped ceiling elements:

It is known to manufacture weak-walled ceiling panels on pallets which are dimensioned to be long enough to accommodate one or some ceilings, currently in practice between approximately 8 m and 18 m. The pallets are moved in cycles, preferably along a first line over several stations, then offset and moved back in the opposite direction, with concreting taking place in the last station. The concrete pallet is transferred to a drying station, for example in the form of a paternoster. After sufficient hardening, the pallet comes out of the drying station and is cleared, ie the finished plate is stacked on a storage place. The pallet is then cleaned and fed to a first station, in which plotting or measurement is carried out, ie the shape of the plate is predetermined from the floor plan with all the recesses and special dimensions. In this station, transverse racks can also be installed, which are racks that divide the individual panels on a pallet in the longitudinal direction. A further subdivision in the longitudinal direction, ie parallel to the longitudinal direction of the pallet, can be carried out in a further station, in which recesses and the like are also provided with appropriate formwork or free blocks; Furthermore, built-in parts such as sockets and other installation devices can be used.

In a next station, reinforcing bars extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the pallet are used, which are provided with spacers, so that these bars do not appear on the lower surface, but are encompassed by the concrete on all sides. However, not all transverse reinforcing bars are used here, but gaps are left, for example three bars are successively used and one space is left free, this missing bar will be used later, as will be explained later. These cross bars can be inserted by means of automatic machines, which is known per se. Such an automatic insertion of the crossbars takes place with the aid of a machine or an automatic machine, which inserts the bars one after the other, which is why the pallet must be advanced accordingly. Of course, you can also move the inserting machine along the pallet. The longitudinal reinforcement bars are then introduced, possibly after the pallet has been moved transversely into the parallel row, which is now returned to the drying station. The arrangement is different, the width may be determined by the drying station, which does not have to be a paternoster. In addition, the existing local conditions must be taken into account.

After inserting the longitudinal reinforcement, the lattice girders are inserted in another station. In yet another station, the missing transverse reinforcements are inserted in such a way that they reach through the bars between the lower and upper chord or above the lower chord, so that they are also within the concrete mass after concreting. With these last inserted cross reinforcement bars, the mounting of the bars within the concrete slab is to be improved. After the crossbars are inserted, the reinforcement is finished, so that the final check of the correct position of the reinforcement can also be carried out here. Concreting is carried out in a subsequent station, specifically by means of a concrete distributor, ie by means of a device which moves over the slab and applies the required amount of concrete in accordance with the plotted pattern. After that, the concrete is shaken in the usual way Way to condense. The plate thus finished is transferred to the drying station so that the cycle closes.

Increasingly, efforts are being made to have all of this work carried out by machines as far as possible. This leads to relatively complicated systems and cannot always function reliably, particularly with regard to the control. Of course, the aim is to keep the duration of a pallet's circulation as short as possible, i.e. to coordinate the length of stay in the individual stations. This is not entirely successful, but should be the goal of optimization or against an economic background. Any error in the control or in the gripping and depositing process of the reinforcing bars, for example, both in the electrical system and in the mechanical system, lead to unpleasant time interruptions, which jeopardizes the profitability of the system. Plotting is usually trouble-free and so-called creation, i.e. the insertion of recesses, sound reinforcements and other objects, which is done by hand, runs smoothly. To do this, you have to know that the ceilings are made to suit a specific building, so that automation is hardly worthwhile here.

As already mentioned, the transverse reinforcements initially applied are introduced in the prior art by means of automatic machines. A first source of error can be present here, although this insertion work is still relatively simple.

The laying of the longitudinal reinforcements is naturally more difficult, so that there are correspondingly higher error rates. The same applies to an automatic support of the lattice girder. The subsequent insertion of the still missing transverse reinforcements has been carried out by hand so far and is therefore trouble-free.

Due to the circumstances outlined above, it is particularly in the area the application of the longitudinal reinforcement and the lattice girder the greatest risk of malfunction and thus the likelihood of deceleration. It should also be noted that the reinforcement bars are removed from the coil, first aligned and then cut to length. This is not a very big problem with the cross reinforcement bars since they are relatively weak and short. In the case of longitudinal reinforcement bars, on the other hand, there are already sources of interference during alignment and cutting, which in turn lead to corresponding interruptions in an automatic production process. It can be assumed that, according to the prior art, the cut longitudinal reinforcement bars are gripped and put down by the inserting machine without any intermediate storage.

Such a manufacturing system for double wall panels is known for example from DE-C-3838711.

The invention has for its object to be able to operate an automatic production system of the type in question more continuously and thus more economically even when errors occur.

This object is achieved in that between the straightening and cutting machine and the second reinforcement station, in which the longitudinal reinforcing bars are applied, in principle also possible between the delivery of the first part of the transverse reinforcing bars and the first reinforcing station for the application of the majority of the transverse reinforcing bars. and / or a storage device is arranged between the lattice girder machine and the station for applying the lattice girders, in which a number of longitudinal reinforcing bars or lattice girders in a dimensioning and spatial distribution for several adapted to one or more plates - if appropriate to that of the entire range -Plates or pallets can be accommodated in advance and fed to the respectively associated pallet in a centrally controlled manner, so that the correspondence between the longitudinal reinforcement or the lattice girder assembly and the pallets or plates to be equipped therewith is ensured.

For this purpose, the storage device can have a number of consecutive storage locations for accommodating the longitudinal reinforcing bars or lattice girders, and associated ones to be delivered Have pallets, the design of the storage spaces and their loading and unloading and possibly movement path includes a variety of constructive options. In a preferred embodiment, templates are provided in the context of such a storage device, which are guided in a type of circulation which, depending on the degree of filling of the memory serving as a buffer, can be of different lengths or comprises the passage of a different number of template receiving locations. On the basis of such a preferred embodiment working with templates, the mode of operation of the system equipped according to the invention is explained in more detail below for the longitudinal reinforcement step:

In the context of such a storage device, a number of templates are made available on which the respective reinforcements or lattice girders are placed, in the pattern that ultimately corresponds to the inserted reinforcement. This can be done in particular by driving the template to be filled under the straightening and cutting machine and by inserting the required number of longitudinal reinforcing bars into certain grooves or other recesses in the template. For example, if only one longitudinal rod is to be inserted, then after this one rod is thrown off, the template is advanced by one division; then, under certain circumstances, two bars are inserted, etc. If it is necessary to form a longitudinal reinforcement bar in two due to gaps, interruptions and the like, this can be done with a gripping tool that accordingly moves the two bar parts apart or brings them into the correct position. With the help of this gripping tool, the undivided rods are then transferred. However, the template can also be designed to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the rod, so that a rod section is first inserted in this direction of displacement before the interruption - recess - and then the rod section adjoining the recess is added by a corresponding method, so that the rod sections in the after Cutting the resulting longitudinal position in the exit area of the straightening and cutting machine in Can remain unmoved in the longitudinal direction. If you plan to make the template movable beneath the exit of the straightening and cutting machine transversely to the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal reinforcing bars, then the overall distribution of the reinforcing bars over the template can be made by such a movability, if necessary without the aid of a gripping tool.

The alignment and cutting machine is included in the overall control, the separation takes place according to the plotter instructions. The pallets run in a forced circulation, so that their sequence is unchangeable. This gives the requirement which template with the associated equipment on longitudinal reinforcing bars must be fed to the pallet that has arrived in the reinforcement station for the purpose of the longitudinal reinforcing bars. There is a certain number of processing stations between the plotter station and the reinforcement loading station, here dealt with the longitudinal reinforcement station, so that one can carry out the synchronization between the pallet and the associated templates from the central control. Since several plates can be specified, the arrangement of the longitudinal reinforcement for all plates arranged on this pallet for a single template may be too large for long pallets. The longitudinal reinforcement can be provided for one or possibly two floor slabs on a single template. This fact must be taken into account in the number of templates and, of course, in the order in which they are supplied. Both the plotter and the reinforcement pattern of the template are controlled by a central control unit, which specifies the sequence and the respective type of ceiling slab to be manufactured. If the pallets are short, the entire longitudinal reinforcement pattern for a pallet can be handled with one template, for long pallets this problem is solved by using two templates for one slab assignment.

It is already known to prepare such longitudinal reinforcements in the required pattern outside the pallet and then to apply them to the pallet in one step. This is done, for example, with the help a magnet or mechanical grippers. Use of this type of reinforcement for an entire pallet space is also used here. According to the invention, however, the individual templates are completed in advance; That is, before the associated pallet enters the longitudinal reinforcement station, the template or the associated templates are prepared in the appropriate order. For this purpose, the storage device is provided, which contains the templates prepared with the longitudinal reinforcing bars of different types.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the storage device works in this connection as follows: Below a straightening and cutting machine, a template is passed in an approximately horizontal direction and equipped with pre-cut longitudinal reinforcement bars such that the longitudinal reinforcement bars stored in grooves or the like of the template match the reinforcement pattern of one or more corresponds to the plates to be manufactured on a pallet. The template thus completed is placed in a first hoist, which moves the templates in height relative to a lowering frame until the next free space above the already occupied template positions is reached. Then the template is pushed into this free space by whatever means. The lowering frame is also a kind of hoist that moves down one pallet space step by step, in the rhythm in which the templates for loading the respective pallet are removed. If the template and the pallet space to be loaded match, then the template is moved out of the lowering frame and arranged over the pallet space to be loaded. The longitudinal reinforcement bars are then placed in their entirety and maintaining their distribution pattern on the associated pallet space as follows: After moving the loaded template over the pallet space to be equipped, the longitudinal reinforcing bars are retained by the lifting device while maintaining the arrangement on the template lifted. The lifting device can be designed as a magnetic gripper, which can be designed as a permanent magnet or electromagnet. Training as a mechanical gripper in the manner of pliers or the like can also be used. After you have lifted off the longitudinal reinforcement bars, the template that has thus been emptied is moved back into the lowering frame and the lifting device is moved towards the pallet, whereupon the longitudinal reinforcement bars are placed thereon. In the case of the design of the lifting device as a permanent magnet, this is done with the help of a stripping tool, otherwise by switching off the current when training as an electromagnet or opening the pincer-shaped gripping tools with mechanical training, so that the individual or parallel bundles of rods arranged in the pallet the specified pattern on the associated pallet space.

The lowering frame has a corresponding row of template spaces above and below the transfer location, so that a prefabricated or pre-equipped number of templates is kept in readiness in the manner of a buffer, whereby interruptions in the process or disturbances that affect the circulation of the pallets are appropriately intercepted can be. However, a malfunction can also occur in the area of the straightening and cutting machine, so that a number of receiving locations for empty templates is also provided below the transfer location. With the help of a second lifting mechanism, which is preferably arranged below the first lifting mechanism, the empty stencils are again moved into a standby position, from which they are fed to the straightening and cutting machine for a new assembly.

If you imagine a trouble-free course, a direct transport of the template last used by the straightening and cutting machine would be possible through the hoist frame to the take-over place of the lowering frame and from there via the pallet to be loaded. Then, however, the buffer's error collection option is exhausted. It will therefore always be ensured that there are stored stencils in the appropriate order with regard to the reinforcement pattern within the sinking structure, for any kind of interruption due to an error to be able to catch accordingly. This is done in such a way that the work cycle of the straightening and deflecting machine advances by a corresponding number of pallet conveying steps. Otherwise, the working speeds of the rotating pallets and the straightening machine are coordinated.

If the stored templates have all been used up, for example due to a fault in the straightening and deflecting device, the empty templates must be able to be picked up. This is done in the form of a number of corresponding template locations below the transfer point in the lowering frame and in a corresponding feed stack below the straightening and deflecting machine, so that the overall height in the transfer area can be kept correspondingly low. This means that the memory for the blank templates is divided into two.

What has been described here in the context of the longitudinal reinforcement can also be provided for the lattice girder in a corresponding application in the corresponding application. In principle, a corresponding arrangement would also be conceivable for the task of the transverse movement bars. It depends on what you still want to do by hand or what should be done by machine. In this respect, manual work can be classified as reliable in terms of time, while errors in the control or mechanics in the automated area lead to the malfunctions described above, which are to be absorbed in time by the buffer arrangement, so that overall a continuous workflow is given; continuously, of course, only to the extent that the delivery cycles of the finished plates remain approximately the same, the clock sequences of course being able to change if more or less complicated plates n are to be produced. However, this is not a work cycle that is specified by the system, but by the respective order. It should also be noted that the plates - possibly with the exception of the fitting plates - are produced in the order in which they are assembled to the ceiling at the client's construction site. In this form, panels are delivered to the construction site by truck and laid there in the appropriate order without having to carry out another intermediate sorting process must make.

Figur 1

eine prinzipskizzenhafte Draufsicht auf ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 2

eine prinzipielle Schnittausicht nach der Linie II-II in Figur 1;

Figur 3

eine prinzipskizzenhafte Draufsicht auf ein weiteres Ausführugsbeispiel.

Preferred embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims, in particular in connection with the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing, to which particular reference is made and the following description of which explains the invention in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1

a schematic outline plan view of a first embodiment;

Figure 2

a basic sectional view along the line II-II in Figure 1;

Figure 3

a schematic outline plan view of a further exemplary embodiment.

Figure 1 shows a top view in block diagram form of the circulation of pallets through different stations. The correspondingly cleaned and prepared pallet - 39 in FIG. 2 - on which the ceiling panels (not shown) are to be produced are recorded in the plotter station 21 with regard to the outline shape of the ceiling panels to be produced on them - usually several on a correspondingly long pallet. The ceiling panels can already be separated or limited here by transverse racks and possibly also longitudinal racks. The pallet is longitudinally moved from the plotter station 21 into the lay-up station 22, in which recesses and the like are delimited by applying formwork bodies etc. Lateral and / or longitudinal racks can also only be installed in this station; this is based on the aim of designing the various work steps in the individual stations at the same time as possible in order to achieve fast and thus economical production.

While some jobs are very easy to automate or difficult to automate due to the very different floor slab layouts, there are operations that slow down due to heavier or annoying handling and are possibly more accessible due to the previous automatic production of the further automatic handling. After moving the pallet to the first reinforcement station 23 for the application of the cross reinforcement can be applied by hand or by machine. The cross reinforcement bars are relatively thin and easy to align, which is why manual handling is still easy to carry out.

The pallet then arrives in the second reinforcement station 24 for the application of the longitudinal reinforcement, which happens automatically after the reinforcement bars have been aligned and cut to length, as will be explained later. After passing through a conversion station, the pallet arrives in the station 25 for the application of the lattice girders, which also happens automatically after the lattice elements have been produced automatically. The pallet is then transferred to a station 26, in which transverse reinforcing bars are also inserted once. It should be noted that only a part of the entire transverse reinforcing bars is inserted in the first reinforcement station 23, while the rest, which is inserted in the station 26, overlaps the lower chords of the lattice girders, so that later when the transport vehicles attack the upper chords of the lattice girders whose lower chords are better anchored in the concrete mass of the prefabricated part.

The pallet is then transferred to a control station 27, in which the correct position of the individual parts, in particular the reinforcing bars and the lattice girder, is checked, whereupon the pallet is transferred to the concreting station 28 and compacted there by targeted concrete application in a uniform thickness of the concrete layer and by shaking is completed that it can be transferred to a drying chamber 30. The design of the drying chamber can be made differently, so you can ensure a uniform dwell time at a constant temperature averaged over the period with the help of a paternoster rack, in which the fresh plate is guided up and down through the chamber, if necessary depending on the height in several up - and movements. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the pallets with the freshly concreted ceiling panels are lifted from the concreting station 23 with the aid of a crane (not shown) and placed on stacks arranged one behind the other in the crane conveying direction, for example ten pallets per stack on top of each other. The dwell time of the lower pallets in each case will be longer than that of the pallets lying at the top in the stack, the latter, however, being exposed to a higher temperature, so that curing takes place more quickly. From the various stacks, the bottom pallet is removed from the stack 31, which is assigned to the exit of the drying chamber 30, as the best hardened one, for which purpose the pallets lying above this stack are lifted with the aid of a separate tool. With the help of the crane, the stack 31 is always supplied with the already largely pre-tied pallets of the other stacks.

The bottom pallet of the stack 31 is transferred to a lifting station 32, in which the now sufficiently hardened individual ceiling tiles are lifted off the pallet and fed to a storage location. After cleaning and, if necessary, further processing of the pallet thus freed up, it is transferred to the plotter station for the production of further ceiling panels, so that the pallet circulation is closed.

In the present example, the longitudinal reinforcement bars that are fed to the pallet in the second reinforcement station 24 and the lattice girders that are applied to the pallet in the station 25 are each prefabricated with the aid of machines. In the case of the longitudinal reinforcement bars, this is a straightening and cutting machine 33, to which the longitudinal reinforcement bars of different designs are drawn off from corresponding coils 34. The lattice girder machine 35 is fed with the different irons, which are used to form the lattice girders, drawn off from coils 36.

The entire system is centrally controlled, so that the respective dimensioning of the longitudinal reinforcement and the lattice girder on the ceiling panels of a pallet is coordinated taking into account the cyclical implementation by the various stations in such a way that the longitudinal reinforcement and lattice girder are then fed to the respective associated pallet when these arrives in the corresponding stations 24 and 25 is.

As explained at the beginning, the manually operated machining processes cause little disruption due to the simpler handling, etc., while such errors occur more frequently in the area of the automatically loaded stations, both because of machine and control-related faults. Such faults lead to interruption of the operation of the entire system, so that the total production time is directly affected by the time required to eliminate the error that has occurred. Such errors occur both in the area of the pallet stations and in the area of the aforementioned machines for the provision of the longitudinal reinforcing bars and the lattice girders.

In order to prevent the entire system from coming to a standstill when an error occurs and to collect times for eliminating errors, there is a storage device 37 between the straightening and cutting machine 33 and the second reinforcement station 24 and between the lattice girder machine 35 and the station 25 for applying the A storage device 38 is provided in the lattice girder. These storage devices form buffers which hold a series of prefabricated longitudinal reinforcements or lattice girder arrangements ready. If the associated straightening and cutting or lattice girder machine 33 or 35 fails because of a fault, i.e. if the provision of longitudinal reinforcements and lattice girder arrangements is interrupted, the pallet circulation can still continue while removing the already adapted longitudinal reinforcements and lattice girder arrangements held in the memory. During this time the fault in the area of the machines etc. can be remedied.
If, on the other hand, an error arises in the area of the pallets which affects the pallet circulation, the machines 33 and 35 can continue to carry out the preprogrammed manufacture of the longitudinal reinforcements and lattice girder arrangement for upcoming pallets and store them in memory. In this way, the influence of error times on the entire production time is reduced The storage devices 37 and 38 are basically of the same design and are explained with reference to FIG. 2 for the storage device 37 according to the section of the line II-II in FIG. 1.

The sectional view according to FIG. 2 shows on the right the second reinforcement station 24, in which a pallet 39 is located, and on the left the straightening and cutting machine 33 for the production of the longitudinal reinforcing bars - in each case according to the diameter and length in adaptation to the specific one, to a specific one Number of cycles provided in the station 24 pallet ceiling plate arrangement. The associated storage device 37 comprises a frame 40, in which two hoists 41 and 42 are guided so as to be adjustable in height; the associated drives and controls are not shown. Between the frame 40 and the station 24, a lowering frame 43 is arranged, which is equipped with a large number of receiving spaces 45 for templates 46 and which has an actuator, with the aid of which the total height of the receiving spaces can be adjusted step by step. The places of the lowering frame carry out the lowering movement for the stencils 46 which have been received and are returned to their starting position, the order remaining unchanged. Below the straightening and cutting machine 33, a lifting frame 44 is provided, the receiving places of which empty templates feed the machine 33. The emptied template has positioning configurations 50, these can be longitudinal furrows that receive the reinforcing bars, both in the case of bar sections in alignment - for example a recess in the ceiling plate on both sides - and / or in the direct parallel position to increase the static strength. The spatial arrangement of the positioning formations corresponds to the distribution pattern for the longitudinal reinforcing bars, which they will later assume on the pallet in the area of the associated ceiling tile. The empty pallet 46, which is lifted directly under the machine 33, is pushed under the machine 33 transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bars to be applied and thus reaches the area of the upper lifting mechanism 41 provide the required reinforcing bars. The done the filled template is moved by the lifting mechanism 41 to the next available receiving space, seen from below, whereupon the filled template is moved into this receiving location - the receiving point 11 in the exemplary embodiment. The sequence of delivery of the longitudinal reinforcement to the second reinforcement station 24 and the pallet 39 located there, or the ceiling slab to be produced on this, must thus be ensured by the control of the plotter. When a pallet 39 arrives in the reinforcement station 24, a transfer device 48 is used to transfer the longitudinal reinforcement to this pallet 39 as the first to be supplied by the filled template 46 located at the receiving point 1 being extended laterally out of the sinker 43 and above the pallet 39 the right place. Thereupon, with a lifting device 49 of the transfer device 48 - here a magnetic gripper - the longitudinal reinforcement is lifted while maintaining the arrangement adopted on the template, whereupon the template thus emptied is moved back into the lowering frame. The lifting device 49 then placed the longitudinal reinforcement bars in an unchanged distribution at the corresponding location on the pallet with vertical movement. The location or area of the ceiling slab or ceiling slabs to be provided with this longitudinal reinforcement can be selected by moving the pallet 39 and / or a corresponding horizontal displacement of the lifting device 49 and / or the template previously supplied with this reinforcement.

The number of storage locations or receiving locations provided for the transfer of filled templates 46 by the lifting mechanism 41 above the transfer location within the lowering frame 43 - here numbered from 1 to 18, corresponds to the total number of storage locations or receiving locations available for receiving empty templates , which in the present case are not least divided into two groups 1 to 9 to reduce the overall height, namely the first half arranged in the lowering frame below the transfer station and the second half provided in a lifting frame below the machine 33. The recording places of the lowering frame and the lifting frame can be guided all the way around in cycles. The transfer of the emptied templates 46 from the area of the storage locations below the transfer location in the lowering frame 43 to the next available storage location in the lifting frame 44 below the machine 33, seen below, takes place with the aid of the lower lifting mechanism 42, which depends on the degree of filling of the lifting frame 44 , that is, with the smallest possible lifting movement, the transfer of the empty templates from the lowering frame 43 to the lifting frame 44.

It is readily understandable that if the circulation of the pallets 39 is delayed and, as a result, fewer or stopped withdrawals of filled stencils from the lowering frame seen over time, the stencil can still be filled and prepared by the machine 33 and delivered by the lifting mechanism 41 until the storage locations are fully occupied above the transfer point. Over this period, the stored, empty templates are called up accordingly and thus reduced. If, on the other hand, an error occurs in the area of the straightening and cutting machine 33, the filling of the templates or the transport to the lowering frame, then the pallets can be supplied with the appropriately filled pallets until a filled template is no longer available. In this case, all templates are in the emptied state below the transfer point in the lowering frame and in the lifting frame. The filling time of the memory on the one hand and the retrieval time on the other hand are thus available for eliminating the error in the area of the pallets on the one hand and in the area of creating or providing the longitudinal reinforcement on the other. This reduces the overall impact of these possible errors on manufacturing time. The capacity of the memory, ie the number of storage locations provided, determines the time for troubleshooting, which is available without the entire system being shut down.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 is suitable e.g. for the production of full assembly ceilings and should in particular clarify that the automated insertion of at least the longitudinal reinforcement via a storage device can be easily retrofitted even in existing systems. The processing stations are provided with the same reference numbers in a comparable manner as in the example according to FIG. 1, so that full reference can be made to the manufacturing process described there. To this extent, the guiding of the pallets is designed in such a way that they branch off from the conventional row arrangement in the area of a location 24 provided for the longitudinal reinforcement and are reintegrated into the latter after the automatic reinforcement has taken place. For this purpose, the respective pallet is shifted approximately perpendicular to the row direction - position 24 '-, at the next work cycle in the correspondingly outside of the row direction and parallel to it in the longitudinal reinforcement receiving space 24' 'and after applying the longitudinal reinforcement by lateral displacement movement in the row orientation transferred back. This does not disturb the work cycle; the devices for providing, storing and depositing the longitudinal reinforcement bars correspond to those according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Claims (11)

1. A plant for producing plate-like wall, double-wall and ceiling elements, provided with transverse and longitudinal reinforcing iron bars and lattice girders or the like, as prefabricated concrete components which are assembled at the site of installation to form a wall or ceiling of a building or the like and, if required, are filled with concrete at the site, embedding the lattice girder regions or the like which project beyond the plate surface, to complete the finished wall or ceiling, said plant comprising a number of pallets (39), each of which serves to receive one or more plates to be produced, even if they are of different dimensions, contours and/or have recesses, and which pallets may be guided so as to be movable, more particularly in steps, through a number of successive stations, along a circuit which has, preferably, two longitudinal sections extending at least in part in parallel, said stations comprising, when viewed in the direction of travel, a plotter station (21) for determining the shape of the plates, a feed station (2) for applying the moulds or the like, a first reinforcing station (23) for applying a part of the transverse reinforcing bars, a second reinforcing station (24) for applying the longitudinal reinforcing bars, a station (25) for applying the lattice grids and, if necessary, for subsequently applying the remaining transverse reinforcing bars onto the bottom girders of the lattice grids which may also be carried out in a separate station (26), optionally a control station (27), a concreting station (28), a drying chamber (30) and a removal station (32) where the plates are lifted from the pallets and from where the empty pallets (39) reach the plotter station (21) again, thereby closing the pallet cycle, characterised in that a straightening and cutting machine (33) is associated with at least the second reinforcing station (24) for applying the longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) and/or a lattice grid machine (35) is associated with the station (26) for applying the lattice grids, by means of which machines the pallet (39), moved into the second reinforcing station (24) or the station (25) for applying the lattice grids, and the longitudinal reinforcing rods (47), which are adapted to the plates to be prepared on said pallet, are delivered and deposited so as to be correspondingly cut to length and distributed, through a central control, such that a storage device (37 or 38) is arranged between the straightening and cutting machine (33) or the end thereof delivering the longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) which are straightened and cut to the correspondingly required length and, if necessary, separated in the longitudinal direction and displaced in order to take account of recesses or the like, and the second reinforcing station (24) and/or between the lattice grid machine (35) and the station (26) for applying the lattice grids, in which storage device a number of longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) of a dimension and spatial distribution adapted to one plate or several thereof and, if required, to those of the entire pallet may be received so as to be held in stock and supplied, by means of a central control, to the second reinforcing station (24) or the station (25) for applying the lattice grids, while ensuring the conformity between the longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) and the pallets (39) or plates and keeping a number of templates (46) in rotation in the storage device (37 or 38) so that, starting from the delivery end of the straightening and cutting machine (33) or the lattice grid machine (35), the longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) or the lattice grids are inserted by machine between the positioning recesses (50) of the respectively associated template (46), in the configuration in which the longitudinal reinforcing bars must be deposited on the associated pallet (39).
2. A plant according to claim 1, characterised in that the templates (46) are transported, in a clock cycle, via a number of storage points (1 to 18) to a transfer device (48), in which the longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) or lattice grids are removed by machine from the template (46), while maintaining their configuration, and are deposited onto the associated pallet (39), while the emptied template (46) is returned, in a clock cycle, to the straightening and cutting machine (33) or the lattice grid machine (35), via the remaining points (2 groups, each 1 to 9) of the circular path, so that the templates (46) are filled with the longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) or lattice grids for the pallets (39) which normally only arrive in the second reinforcing station (24) or the station (25) for applying the lattice grids after a number of feed cycles, thereby forming a buffer in respect of fault-related operational interruptions within the region of the pallets (39) and the straightening and cutting machine or lattice grid machine (35).
3. A plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a number of storage points (twice 1 to 9) for the circulation of the emptied templates (46), which corresponds to the number of storage points (1 to 18) of the circulation branch for the filled templates (46) between the straightening and cutting machine (33) or the lattice grid machine (35) and the transfer device (48), is sub-divided into two groups, one of which is arranged as a follow-up of the transfer device (48) and the other of which is arranged as a forward run of the straightening and cutting machine (33) or the lattice grid machine (35).
4. A plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the storage device (37 or 38) comprises a frame (40) with two hoisting units (41, 42) and a lowering unit (43), which frame is arranged adjacent to the second reinforcing station (24) or the station (25) for applying the lattice grids, and has a number of template places (45) which are, in the downward direction, movably guided past the transfer station (48) in a clock cycle by means of a central control, and that one of the hoisting units (41) movably arranged in the frame (40) above the other hoisting unit (42) transfers the template (46) filled with the longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) or lattice grids from the straightening and cutting machine (33) or the lattice grid machine (35) to the corresponding next free template place above the filled template places (46, 47) or from the place of engagement of the transfer device (48) or to said place, while the hoisting unit (42) arranged underneath transfers the template or one of the emptied templates (46) below the place of the transfer device (48) to an empty template place (1 to 9 of the second group) provided underneath the straightening and cutting machine (33) or the lattice grid machine (35), i.e. the delivery end thereof.
5. A plant according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the empty template places (1 to 9 of the second group) underneath the straightening and cutting machine (33) or the lattice grid machine (35), i.e. the delivery end thereof, are arranged in the forerunner group of the storage points (1 to 9 of the second group) for emptied templates (46) and are guided in a hoisting frame (44) so as to be substantially vertically upwardly movable in a clock cycle, and that the lower hoisting unit (42) always transfers an emptied template to the next free storage place of the hoisting frame (44) provided underneath the straightening and cutting machine (23) and the lattice grid machine (35).
6. A plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the template (46) which is adjacent to the straightening and cutting machine (33) or the lattice grid machine (35) and is to be filled with longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) is guided, for the purpose of receiving the bars in the correct position, so as to be displaceable at right angles thereto and/or in the longitudinal direction thereof.
7. A plant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the loading of the templates (46) is carried out by means of a mechanical auxiliary device which grips the longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) or lattice grids and distributes them.
8. A plant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the transfer device (48) has a magnetically or mechanically gripping lifting apparatus (49), by means of which the longitudinal reinforcing bars (47) or lattice grids are, in the distribution according to the corresponding template (46) to be emptied, lifted from said template and deposited (39).
9. A plant according to claim 8, characterised in that the template (46) to be emptied may be moved out sideways from the lowering unit (43) and is held so as to be capable of being positioned between the lifting apparatus (49) and the pallet (39) and that the lifting apparatus (49) is substantially vertically movable so as to be parallel to the guide direction of the lowering frame (43).
10. A plant according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the lifting apparatus (49) is guided, at least in the direction of travel of the pallet (39), so as to be displaceable relative to said pallet.
11. A plant according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the pallets (39), for the purpose of the longitudinal reinforcement, are guided so as to be displaceable from a series of processing places (21 to 27/Figure 3) to a side position (24'') and, if necessary, are further processable there in a working cycle parallel to the series of processing places (21 to 27) and re-displaceable (24' -24'') into the series when the longitudinal reinforcement is provided.

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