EP0502775A1 - Beheizte Glasscheibe für gekühlten Schaukasten und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung - Google Patents

Beheizte Glasscheibe für gekühlten Schaukasten und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0502775A1
EP0502775A1 EP92400536A EP92400536A EP0502775A1 EP 0502775 A1 EP0502775 A1 EP 0502775A1 EP 92400536 A EP92400536 A EP 92400536A EP 92400536 A EP92400536 A EP 92400536A EP 0502775 A1 EP0502775 A1 EP 0502775A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glazing
layer
condensation
heating
display case
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP92400536A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno Vandecastele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Saint Gobain Vitrage International SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vitrage SA, Saint Gobain Vitrage International SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Publication of EP0502775A1 publication Critical patent/EP0502775A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F3/00—Show cases or show cabinets
    • A47F3/04—Show cases or show cabinets air-conditioned, refrigerated
    • A47F3/0404—Cases or cabinets of the closed type
    • A47F3/0426—Details
    • A47F3/0434—Glass or transparent panels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a counter display case equipped with a glazed part and in which cold or frozen products are exposed.
  • the container When products stored in a refrigerated container must remain visible as is the case in commercial premises, the container is fitted with glass parts which transform it into a refrigerated display case.
  • these display cases There are several variations of these display cases. Some have the shape of cupboards and then, it is the door itself which is transparent, others constitute safes and it is the horizontal cover which is glazed to allow the observation of the contents.
  • the invention relates more specifically to counter display cases.
  • the showcase In this type of display, the showcase generally separates the public from the merchant who has sole access to the goods while the latter must be perfectly visible to customers. Consequently, it is necessary to avoid that the glazed parts of the showcases are covered with condensation.
  • the method that is used generally consists in maintaining the face of the glazing on the environmental side at a temperature above the dew point of the atmosphere concerned. This goal is achieved by increasing the insulation performance of the glazing and sometimes, in addition, by heating the face on the "hot" side.
  • the simplest way to improve the thermal insulation performance of single glazing is to replace it with multiple glazing. This technique is easy to implement in the case of display cabinets or in that of display cabinets, indeed multiple glazing, consisting of two or more flat glasses mounted parallel to each other easily equip cabinet doors or lids trunk.
  • the insulating glazing solution is only suitable for mixed variants which include opaque and other transparent parts. In the case of a fully glazed wall, different solutions exist: supply of heat or blowing of hot air in the lower part or localized doubling of the glazing thanks to an additional additional glazed element.
  • the invention sets itself the task of producing a simple glazing intended to equip a counter display case which makes it possible to limit condensation, without causing overheating, which is inexpensive to install and operate and which is easy to manufacture and to install.
  • US Pat. No. 4,382,177 relates to single or double glazing units mounted in vertical doors of refrigeration cabinets or horizontal covers of chest freezers. These glazings are covered on their face on the cold side, with a film itself covered with a thin layer reflecting the infrared radiation.
  • a single glazing fitted in this way has improved thermal insulation properties and thus works in a similar way to that of traditional multiple insulating glazing: the insulation being improved on the cold side, the hot side is warmer and the condensations are 'produce there for a higher ambient air vapor content.
  • the improvement remains modest, the temperature rises little and the difference in content humidity of the atmospheres which cause condensation in both cases, low.
  • patent application EP 236 286 proposes a similar solution: infrared reflecting layer on the cold side of the glazing. This solution limits condensation on the cover when it is open, in a vertical position, following its tilting around a horizontal axis.
  • the invention provides a method for avoiding condensation on a refrigerated display case equipped with a single electrically heated glazing in which the glazing has been equipped with a low-emissivity conductive layer and where it is only heated by Joule effect if the condensation conditions are met.
  • the process uses a fog detector to control heating.
  • the invention also relates to a device comprising a layer with reduced emissivity, current supply strips for heating the layer by Joule effect and means for determining whether the conditions of condensation are met.
  • One of these means is a fog detector placed on the surface of the glazing, on the outside.
  • Joule heating affects only part of the surface of the single glazing and, in a variant, the strips of current supply are horizontal and preferably affect the entire length of the glazing.
  • the current supply strips are each located in a vertical plane.
  • the reduced emissivity layer is advantageously interrupted between the part of the surface of the simple glazing subjected to Joule heating and the rest of the surface. This interruption most often consists of a narrow line which joins the ends of the current leads.
  • the reduced emissivity layer preferably belongs to the group of semiconductor oxide layers comprising tin oxide doped with fluorine or chlorine, indium oxide doped with tin, l antimony-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a monolithic glazed element equipped with a low-emissivity conductive layer in a refrigerated display case in order to avoid condensation of water vapor or, if the layer is on the internal face, this use is made in order to reduce the heating of the exposed products.
  • refrigerated countertops are available, which are elegant, efficient, economical both in installation and in operation. They also combine the advantages of improved insulation (operating cost of refrigeration) and those of efficient defrosting.
  • Figure 1 shows the counter display case of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exemplary embodiment of the glazing of the display case of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows the preferred variant of the same glazing.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a counter display of the type in question. It includes a box 1 intended to receive in its upper part 2 the products which must be exposed.
  • the wall 3 is made of insulating materials limiting thermal losses.
  • In the lower part 4 of the trunk are generally grouped the cold generating systems as well as the regulation.
  • the glass plate 5 is hot formed so as to give it a functional form of the type of that shown in FIG. 1.
  • a prismatic shape is shown consisting of three planar elements 6, 7 and 8 connected by two curved zones 9, 10. The shapes are varied but they are generally prismatic with possibly a number of planar parts other than three.
  • the glazing is generally a safety glazing of the laminated type or more commonly, toughened.
  • the lateral elements which support the prismatic glazing at its extremities. If the counter display case is insulated and therefore has only one element such as that shown in FIG. 1, these are opaque or transparent plates which prevent the circulation of air at the ends of the display case.
  • the connection between the side plates and the glazing is then carried out by a rigid section possibly fitted with seals.
  • the vertical separation plates can be eliminated and possibly replaced by vertical retaining rods associated with seals which connect the glazing 5 to each other.
  • the lower part of the glazing it is supported by a U-shaped profile fitted with an elastomer seal. Often, this is where a hinge has been provided, it allows the complete opening of the window for cleaning or for installing the goods.
  • the invention proposes to make use of a semiconductor layer with reduced emissivity, particularly based on doped metal oxides such as tin oxide doped with fluorine or indium oxide doped with tin (ITO ) the role of a thermal insulator to which one can add at will that of heating element.
  • doped metal oxides such as tin oxide doped with fluorine or indium oxide doped with tin (ITO ) the role of a thermal insulator to which one can add at will that of heating element.
  • ITO indium oxide doped with tin
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 concretely show the conditions for implementing the invention.
  • the basic glass used is a float glass 6 mm thick.
  • the float bath On leaving the float bath, before annealing in the drying room, it underwent a pyrolysis treatment of a powder of an organometallic compound of tin and fluorine according to the method of European patent EP 125 153 B.
  • the characteristics of this layer are for example, a thickness of 200 nm and a sufacic resistance of 50 ohms per square.
  • two layers of current supply 11 and 12 were deposited on the layer side, parallel to the longest side of the rectangle.
  • the strips 11, 12 have a width of 3 mm and a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, these two quantities being linked to the intensity of the current which it is intended to pass through the conductor.
  • a protective layer made of enamel from the same manufacturer with the reference: VR-HPC series. Only the locations intended to receive the electrical connections at least at one of the ends of the strips 11, 12, do not benefit from this protection.
  • This second layer of enamel protrudes from the first by about 1 mm on each side. The distance between the electrodes is, for example, 40 cm, which allows using a voltage of 24 volts, to have a 72 watts of electrical power per square meter.
  • the plate After depositing the pasta intended, after cooking, to form enamels, the plate is carried in a vertical oven, where it is supported by supports for example of the type described in French patent application No. 90-04806. After heating, a press bends and immediately upon leaving the press, quenching is carried out by blowing air jets.
  • the glazing was installed in a display case where food products were exposed to 6 ° C while the atmosphere of the room was 20 ° C.
  • the results are summarized in the following table, we see the temperatures reached by the exterior surface of the glazing:
  • the glazing in FIG. 2 it has been fitted with a not shown fog detector. It allows the glazing to be heated only when the need arises.
  • Several systems have been proposed, they are intended to equip the heated rear glasses of automobiles. These are, for example, conductive enamel pellets deposited on the external face of the display case, at the place where condensation occurs first, that is to say preferably, in the middle, in the lower part.
  • the pastille includes two comb-shaped electrodes whose teeth are inserted. Electronics connected to the electrodes are sensitive to variations in electrical conduction linked to the moisture content of the glass surface. It controls the switching on of the heating.
  • Such a device is described for example in patent FR 2 127 059.
  • the glazing of the invention makes it possible to have a very efficient and very energy-efficient system. Furthermore, the fact of limiting the temperature rise to the strict minimum which is added to the low emission of infrared radiation from the glazing unit of the invention to the foodstuffs exposed in the refrigerated display case guarantees that these will not deteriorate not due to excessive local heating.
  • the glazing in Figure 2 is very effective, however, the electrode 12 which crosses the field of vision of the observer who looks at the products exposed in the window can be considered unsightly, even annoying. This is why the preferred form of the invention which is shown in FIG. 3 does not include this horizontal electrode. Instead, two electrodes 13 and 14 have been placed which are parallel to the short sides of the glazing, situated in vertical planes, their length is limited to the area which must be heated. In the figure, only two electrodes have been shown. However, given the value of the surface resistance of the conductive layer (generally between 50 and 10 ohms per square) and according to the surface power desired, while taking into account the acceptable electrical voltage (maximum 24 or possibly 48 volts ), it may be necessary to add one or more intermediate electrodes. The electrodes are identical in all respects to those described on the occasion of the variant shown in FIG. 2.
  • the technique of depositing the thin conductive low-emissive and transparent layer allows partial deposition on the surface of the glass, it may be advantageous to limit the deposition of the layer to the surface between the electrodes.
  • the layer would only cover zone 15 and would be limited by a line of suitable shape connecting the ends of the electrodes 13, 14 such as for example line 16.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce glazings intended to equip refrigerated display cases where condensation is practically impossible, this result being obtained avoiding the usual disadvantages such as: discomfort of vision for the barge who looks at the goods, unnecessary heating of the products displayed, high cost of installation or operation ...

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
  • Freezers Or Refrigerated Showcases (AREA)
EP92400536A 1991-03-05 1992-03-03 Beheizte Glasscheibe für gekühlten Schaukasten und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Ceased EP0502775A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9102616 1991-03-05
FR9102616A FR2673521B1 (fr) 1991-03-05 1991-03-05 Vitrage chauffant pour vitrine refrigeree et son procede de fabrication.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0502775A1 true EP0502775A1 (de) 1992-09-09

Family

ID=9410352

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92400536A Ceased EP0502775A1 (de) 1991-03-05 1992-03-03 Beheizte Glasscheibe für gekühlten Schaukasten und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5449885A (de)
EP (1) EP0502775A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0566080A (de)
CA (1) CA2062279A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2673521B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1417911A1 (de) * 1997-09-17 2004-05-12 Nestec S.A. Mehrstufiges Tiefkühlgerät
ITMS20090001A1 (it) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-16 Gelostandard Cold S R L Vetrina espositiva refrigerata con apertura vetro frontale tramite guide sottovasca e vetro camera frontale composto da due lastre saldate per ogni singola faccia

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5852284A (en) * 1997-01-07 1998-12-22 Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. Insulating glass with capacitively coupled heating system
US5778689A (en) * 1997-05-19 1998-07-14 Beatenbough; Bryan System for maintaining refrigeration doors free of frost and condensation
US6226995B1 (en) 1998-06-24 2001-05-08 Rytec Corporation Frost control system for a door
WO2000053062A1 (en) * 1999-03-10 2000-09-14 Ardco, Inc. Display case with heated glass panel
US7976916B2 (en) 1999-05-25 2011-07-12 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Refrigerated display case having a transparent insulating glazing unit
FR2794225B3 (fr) * 1999-05-25 2001-06-15 Saint Gobain Vitrage Porte d'enceinte refrigeree comportant un vitrage sous vide
US6367223B1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2002-04-09 Anthony, Inc. Display case frame
US6427468B1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2002-08-06 Tyler Refrigeration Corporation Frost shield for refrigerated cabinet
US20030205059A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-06 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US20050202178A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2005-09-15 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US6722142B1 (en) 2003-02-07 2004-04-20 Sub-Zero Freezer Company, Inc. Refrigerated enclosure
US7340907B2 (en) * 2004-05-10 2008-03-11 Computer Process Controls, Inc. Anti-condensation control system
DE202006003970U1 (de) * 2006-03-10 2007-07-19 Fahrzeugwerk Borco-Höhns GmbH & Co. KG Verkaufstheke
US20090283434A1 (en) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-19 William Eugene Hodge Establishing the integrity of container contents
EP2405708A1 (de) * 2010-07-07 2012-01-11 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparente Scheibe mit heizbarer Beschichtung
US20140265758A1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2014-09-18 Hussmann Corporation Three side silver frit on heated glass
CN111829253A (zh) * 2020-07-01 2020-10-27 海信容声(广东)冰箱有限公司 冰箱
US11864669B2 (en) 2020-11-25 2024-01-09 Hussmann Corporation Merchandiser including track door system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE25711E (en) * 1965-01-19 Method for producing electrically conductive windshield
FR2127059A5 (de) * 1971-02-22 1972-10-13 Saint Gobain
US3892947A (en) * 1974-02-27 1975-07-01 Donnelly Mirrors Inc Electrically heated panel with anti-shock conductive strips
WO1985002649A1 (en) * 1983-12-05 1985-06-20 Termofrost Sweden Ab A window
DE3726122C1 (de) * 1987-08-06 1988-12-22 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zur Regelung von Parametern der Innenraumluft in einem Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Klimaanlage

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2447759A (en) * 1941-10-20 1948-08-24 C V Hill & Company Inc Open top access refrigerated display case
US2506977A (en) * 1947-05-13 1950-05-09 Tortorelli Adriano Refrigerated showcase having means for preventing condensation
FR1101546A (fr) * 1954-05-31 1955-10-07 Vitrine réfrigérée pour l'exposition de produits alimentaires
JPS5324965B1 (de) * 1971-07-31 1978-07-24
US4127763A (en) * 1975-04-17 1978-11-28 Saint-Gobain Industries Heated window with a moisture sensor having a high impedance
US4260876A (en) * 1978-12-11 1981-04-07 Anthony's Manufacturing Company, Inc. Dew point differential power controller
US4382177A (en) * 1980-09-15 1983-05-03 Heaney James J Substantially transparent insulating anti-condensation structure
DE3241622A1 (de) * 1982-11-11 1984-05-17 Allgemeine Kühlmöbelbau GmbH & Co KG, 8904 Friedberg Kuehlmoebel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE25711E (en) * 1965-01-19 Method for producing electrically conductive windshield
FR2127059A5 (de) * 1971-02-22 1972-10-13 Saint Gobain
US3892947A (en) * 1974-02-27 1975-07-01 Donnelly Mirrors Inc Electrically heated panel with anti-shock conductive strips
WO1985002649A1 (en) * 1983-12-05 1985-06-20 Termofrost Sweden Ab A window
DE3726122C1 (de) * 1987-08-06 1988-12-22 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zur Regelung von Parametern der Innenraumluft in einem Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Klimaanlage

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
THIN SOLID FILMS. vol. 193, 15 Décembre 1990, LAUSANNE CH pages 731 - 741; GRANQVIST: 'window coating for the future' *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1417911A1 (de) * 1997-09-17 2004-05-12 Nestec S.A. Mehrstufiges Tiefkühlgerät
ITMS20090001A1 (it) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-16 Gelostandard Cold S R L Vetrina espositiva refrigerata con apertura vetro frontale tramite guide sottovasca e vetro camera frontale composto da due lastre saldate per ogni singola faccia

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2673521A1 (fr) 1992-09-11
JPH0566080A (ja) 1993-03-19
FR2673521B1 (fr) 1995-07-07
CA2062279A1 (fr) 1992-09-06
US5449885A (en) 1995-09-12

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