EP0501253A1 - Dispositif pour la détection d'incendies dans un espace étendu, en particulier d'incendies de forêts - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la détection d'incendies dans un espace étendu, en particulier d'incendies de forêts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0501253A1
EP0501253A1 EP92102453A EP92102453A EP0501253A1 EP 0501253 A1 EP0501253 A1 EP 0501253A1 EP 92102453 A EP92102453 A EP 92102453A EP 92102453 A EP92102453 A EP 92102453A EP 0501253 A1 EP0501253 A1 EP 0501253A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor elements
arrangement according
sensitive
radiation
infrared radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92102453A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Albert Müller
Christoph Enderli
Peter Ryser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Publication of EP0501253A1 publication Critical patent/EP0501253A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/19—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/193—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems using focusing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for detecting fires in an extensive area, in particular forest fires, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such arrangements are e.g. known from EP-A1-0'298'182. They are used to determine and localize infrared radiation from objects with a temperature in the range of approx. 300 to 1500 ° C in a surveillance area of a few kilometers. In particular, they are suitable for the detection of forest fires in an extensive forest area from central monitoring points. They have an azimuthally movable scanning device for detecting the infrared radiation emanating from a forest fire with an optical bundling device, e.g. a reflector, which directs the infrared radiation arriving from a number of reception fields to a corresponding number of sensor elements. These sensor elements are provided in close proximity to one another in a row perpendicular to the reflector axis.
  • a disadvantage of such known arrangements is that the detection sensitivity decreases with increasing distance, ie with decreasing elevation or inclination of the corresponding reception field with respect to the horizontal, ie that a fire which is farther away is more difficult to detect than a fire in the close range.
  • DE-A1-37'10'265 it is known to have this disadvantage to avoid that the detection arrangement not only executes an azimuthal movement, but that the elevation angle fluctuates periodically. With this vertical swivel movement, the focal length of the focusing optics is automatically controlled as a function of the elevation angle so that the resolution of the infrared sensor remains approximately constant for the entire monitoring range. This requires complicated and fault-prone control with additional moving components. This makes long-term operation in hard-to-reach locations almost impossible, as frequent maintenance of the systems is required.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned of the forest fire detectors of the prior art and, in particular, to create an arrangement of the type mentioned at the beginning which enables a fire with low susceptibility to interference to parasitic radiation sources to detect a radiation maximum in a different spectral range and with little dependence of the detection sensitivity of the source of the fire on the distance in an extended range.
  • the sensor elements sensitive to infrared radiation are arranged in pairs in differential circuits, while to switch off direct solar radiation additional light-sensitive sensor elements in an inhibition circuit with the associated ones sensor elements sensitive to infrared radiation are provided.
  • the sensor elements are designed and arranged in such a way that the detection sensitivity does not decrease significantly with respect to the horizontal as the angle of inclination of the reception fields formed by the sensor element and optical bundling device decreases.
  • reception areas of the sensor elements are selected to be different sizes for reception areas of different elevation, i.e. for radiation detection from reception areas of different distances, or that a different number of sensor elements of the same area is provided for larger distances than for smaller distances.
  • a distance-independent sensitivity can be achieved in that the evaluation circuits for the different sensor elements are designed with a different degree of amplification depending on the respective elevation angle of the associated reception area.
  • several groups of sensor elements are provided in a common optical arrangement in a row perpendicular to the optical axis adjacent to one another on a common carrier, the groups adjacent to the optical axis for remote reception having a smaller vertical extension of the receiving surface or a smaller number of sensor elements than the sensor element groups at a greater distance from the optical axis, which are used for near detection.
  • the individual sensor elements which are preferably sensitive to infrared radiation with a wavelength in the range from 3 to 5 ⁇ m, are further sensor elements with a sensitivity, preferably to radiation in the range from 0.6 to 1 ⁇ m, ie in the range of visible light and the near infrared range, assigned in differential circuit, which are connected to the first-mentioned sensor elements by means of inhibition circuits, which block the fire alarm signal when the latter sensor elements receive radiation with at least a predetermined intensity, that is to say that intensive light radiation is not reported as a fire.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 1 for the detection of forest fires in an extended area B with an extension of several kilometers has a scanning device 1, which is located on an elevated point of the surveillance area, e.g. is arranged on a mountain peak or on an observation tower 2 or a mast.
  • This scanning device 1 continuously carries out an azimuthal rotation or pivoting movement about its vertical axis and periodically sweeps over the entire surveillance area and in doing so picks up the infrared radiation arriving from the monitored area by means of an optical arrangement 3 and guides it to a sensor arrangement 4 which is equipped with a ( suitable evaluation circuit (not shown) is connected, which triggers an alarm signal as soon as the sensor arrangement 4 receives an infrared radiation characteristic of a forest fire from the monitored area B.
  • the optical arrangement 3 and the sensor arrangement 4, as can be seen for example from FIG. 2, are designed and arranged relative to one another in such a way that a number of separate, adjoining reception fields R1 which are concentric with respect to the installation location of the detection arrangement or the scanning device 1 , R2 ... R8 with different elevation angles b1, b2 ... b8 against the horizontal H, from which the incoming Infrared radiation is received and evaluated separately, so that the location F of a forest fire can be localized and signaled by azimuth a and distance d by means of the evaluation circuit.
  • the structure of the scanning device 1 is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • it has a spherical or parabolic reflector 6 and a sensor carrier 7 arranged approximately in the focal surface of the reflector 6 for a number of sensor elements S1, S2 ... S8.
  • the axis A of the reflector 6 is oriented horizontally or slightly inclined to the horizontal H, corresponding to the maximum detection distance, i.e. the elevation angle b1 of the most distant reception field R1.
  • the sensor carrier 7 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the optical axis A and extends approximately from the axis A over a certain distance, so that practically only radiation from areas below the horizontal H is detected.
  • a number of sensor elements S1, S2 ... S8 in the form of separate radiation-sensitive zones or flakes are provided on the sensor carrier 7 radially from the inside, the output signals of which correspond to the radiation from the different reception fields R with different elevation angles and are evaluated separately from one another.
  • the sensor carrier 7 is closed to the outside with a window which is adapted to the temperature radiation of objects with a temperature of approximately 300 to 1500 ° C., so that the detection arrangement preferably only responds to radiation which is characteristic of a forest fire.
  • the window consists of an optical bandpass filter with a pass band for infrared radiation of preferably about 3 to 5 microns.
  • the spectral window mentioned has proven to be particularly favorable since the transparency of the air in this area is particularly good, which allows detection even over large distances, while in the range from 5 to 8 ⁇ m the absorption in air is considerable, so that the radiation received weakly from distant areas and can therefore only be evaluated to a very limited extent; ie the range of such detectors would be severely limited.
  • Radiation with an even longer wavelength could be parasitic radiation from objects which are only slightly elevated in temperature; she could for example, originate from vehicle engines or originate from terrain or forest areas that are heated up by intensive solar radiation.
  • Figure 5 shows the structure of the sensor element carrier on a larger scale and with further details.
  • the pyroelectric sensor elements S are arranged on the carrier 7 as flakes combined in groups and in pairs with increasing length one above the other and adjoining one another.
  • the lowest group or zone Z1 for remote reception comprises only two flakes S1 and S1 ', which, as shown in FIG. 6A, are connected differentially in a dual circuit to the input FET of the signal evaluation circuit, as do the subsequent groups Z2, Z3 and Z4.
  • Group Z5 on the other hand, has two such flake pairs, that is to say four sensor elements S, S ', S' 'and S' '' in the differential quad circuit shown in FIG.
  • the last near-reception group Z8, which has the greatest vertical extent, consists of fourteen flakes arranged in seven pairs, which are connected to one another in the differential circuit shown in FIG. 6D.
  • each zone Z corresponds to a reception area R of approximately the same size.
  • the different switching of the sensor elements of the individual zones that is to say the dual, quad, double quad switching, etc., has the effect that the detection sensitivity largely depends on the increasing stray capacitances of the circuits becomes independent of the distance or even increases somewhat with the distance, whereby the radiation absorption of the atmosphere, which increases with the distance, is compensated for.
  • These pairs of solar cells C are connected to the corresponding groups of sensor elements S in an inhibition circuit which blocks the fire alarm signal when the parasitic interference radiation picked up by the solar cells from the assigned reception field is sufficiently intense, i.e. exceeds a predetermined threshold. This ensures that the initiation of expensive fire fighting measures due to incorrect signaling can be prevented.
  • a swiveling television camera is provided at the observation site, which is controlled by the fire detection arrangement in such a way that when a fire is signaled it is directed to the location of the fire which is located by the signal evaluation circuit and permits visual control.
  • the invention described above specifically for the detection of forest fires is not limited to these, but can also be used to monitor other extensive areas or areas for the occurrence of infrared radiation. Examples of this include the monitoring of extensive fuel tank farms or car parking spaces.
  • Reference signs (do not belong to the description) Scanner 1 Scanning device Observation tower 2nd Observation tower Optical arrangement 3rd Optical assembly Sensor arrangement 4th Detector assembly reflector 6 Reflector Sensor carrier 7 Detector support axis A Axis azimuth a Azimuth (Surveillance) area B Area (for detection) Elevation angle b Elevation angle Solar cell C. Light-sensitive solar cells distance d Distance Forest fire site F (Location of) forest fire horizontal H Horizontal Reception fields R Detection area Sensor element S Detector elements Zone of sensor elements (group) Z Zone of sensor elements (group)

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
EP92102453A 1991-03-01 1992-02-14 Dispositif pour la détection d'incendies dans un espace étendu, en particulier d'incendies de forêts Withdrawn EP0501253A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH643/91 1991-03-01
CH643/91A CH681574A5 (fr) 1991-03-01 1991-03-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0501253A1 true EP0501253A1 (fr) 1992-09-02

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EP92102453A Withdrawn EP0501253A1 (fr) 1991-03-01 1992-02-14 Dispositif pour la détection d'incendies dans un espace étendu, en particulier d'incendies de forêts

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5218345A (fr)
EP (1) EP0501253A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH681574A5 (fr)
NO (1) NO920526L (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4221833A1 (de) * 1991-07-05 1993-01-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Ungluecksverhuetende erfassungsvorrichtung mit waermebild-erfassungseinrichtung
EP0588645A1 (fr) * 1992-09-17 1994-03-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif détecteur d'image thermique
EP0588643A1 (fr) * 1992-09-17 1994-03-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif détecteur d'image thermique
DE9417289U1 (de) * 1994-10-27 1995-01-26 Meinke Peter Prof Dr Ing Detektoreinrichtung, Detektorsystem und Immunosensor zum Erkennen von Bränden
DE19603828A1 (de) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 Sel Alcatel Ag Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Alarmes und zur Überwachung eines Gebietes
EP0899701A2 (fr) * 1997-08-29 1999-03-03 ABBPATENT GmbH Détecteur sélectif de mouvement et de direction
WO2000026879A1 (fr) * 1998-10-30 2000-05-11 Stephen Barone Detecteurs de mouvement et capteurs de presence possedant de meilleures caracteristiques de sensibilite, de resolution angulaire et de portee
WO2001067414A1 (fr) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-13 Digital Security Controls Ltd. Detecteur a infrarouge passif distinguant les animaux familiers
US6690018B1 (en) 1998-10-30 2004-02-10 Electro-Optic Technologies, Llc Motion detectors and occupancy sensors with improved sensitivity, angular resolution and range
US6921900B2 (en) 2000-09-11 2005-07-26 Electro-Optic Technologies, Llc Effective quad-detector occupancy sensors and motion detectors

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US5534697A (en) * 1994-09-02 1996-07-09 Rockwell International Corporation Electro-optical sensor system for use in observing objects
US5502309A (en) * 1994-09-06 1996-03-26 Rockwell International Corporation Staring sensor
US5627675A (en) * 1995-05-13 1997-05-06 Boeing North American Inc. Optics assembly for observing a panoramic scene
US5841589A (en) * 1995-09-26 1998-11-24 Boeing North American, Inc. Panoramic optics assembly having an initial flat reflective element
DE19607608C2 (de) * 1996-02-29 2003-04-03 Abb Patent Gmbh Bewegungsmelder mit mindestens einem Dualsensor zur Detektion von Wärmestrahlung
KR100408264B1 (ko) * 1996-08-21 2004-04-14 삼성전자주식회사 컴퓨터
US5886664A (en) * 1997-04-16 1999-03-23 Trw Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting mines using radiometry
PT102617B (pt) 2001-05-30 2004-01-30 Inst Superior Tecnico Sistema lidar controlado por computador para localizacao de fumo, aplicavel, em particular, a deteccao precoce de incendios florestais
WO2005096780A2 (fr) * 2004-04-07 2005-10-20 Hackney Ronald F Dispositif d'orientation thermique
WO2006007859A2 (fr) * 2004-07-18 2006-01-26 Elshaer Ahmed Abd Elhamied Moh Dispositif automatique d'alarme incendie precoce et d'extinction d'incendie
ITMI20041607A1 (it) * 2004-08-05 2004-11-05 Milano Politecnico Sistema elettronico per la difesa contro incendi del territorio boschivo e piu' in generale per il monitoraggio del territorio
US7828478B2 (en) * 2004-09-29 2010-11-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for thermal detection
DE102004056958B3 (de) * 2004-11-22 2006-08-10 IQ wireless GmbH, Entwicklungsgesellschaft für Systeme und Technologien der Telekommunikation Verfahren für die Überwachung von Territorien zur Erkennung von Wald- und Flächenbränden
US7541938B1 (en) 2006-03-29 2009-06-02 Darell Eugene Engelhaupt Optical flame detection system and method
US20090014657A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2009-01-15 Honeywell International Inc. Infrared fire detection system
US7746236B2 (en) * 2007-05-01 2010-06-29 Honeywell International Inc. Fire detection system and method
US7932835B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2011-04-26 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Vehicle zone detection system and method
US7876204B2 (en) * 2008-01-25 2011-01-25 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Thermal radiation detector
DE102009020709A1 (de) 2009-05-11 2010-11-18 Basso, Gertrud Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung und Detektion von Zuständen der Luft und Bewuchs in Waldgebieten mit selbstlernenden Analyseverfahren zur Generierung von Alarmwahrscheinlichkeiten
CN102280005B (zh) * 2011-06-09 2014-10-29 广州飒特红外股份有限公司 基于红外热成像技术的森林防火预警系统及方法
US9407819B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2016-08-02 Dvp Technologies Ltd. System and method for multidirectional imaging
KR102138502B1 (ko) * 2013-06-19 2020-07-28 엘지전자 주식회사 인체감지용 안테나 유닛을 가지는 공기조화장치
CN104143248B (zh) * 2014-08-01 2016-09-14 江苏恒创软件有限公司 基于无人机的森林火灾探测及防控方法
FR3034238A1 (fr) 2015-03-24 2016-09-30 Nimesis Tech Dispositif energetiquement autonome de detection et de localisation de feu de foret
US10600057B2 (en) * 2016-02-10 2020-03-24 Kenexis Consulting Corporation Evaluating a placement of optical fire detector(s) based on a plume model
FR3087985B1 (fr) 2018-10-31 2023-12-15 Univ De Corse P Paoli Dispositif de caracterisation d'un incendie et procede associe de determination de flux radiatifs
CN109785569A (zh) * 2019-01-28 2019-05-21 中科光启空间信息技术有限公司 一种基于3s技术的森林火灾监测方法

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EP0298182A1 (fr) * 1987-05-06 1989-01-11 Societe Industrielle D'aviation Latecoere Procédé et dispositif pour détecter les incendies

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CH676642A5 (fr) * 1988-09-22 1991-02-15 Cerberus Ag
FR2637977B1 (fr) * 1988-10-13 1992-03-13 Brown De Colstoun Francois Procede et systeme pour la detection notamment de feu de forets

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4249207A (en) * 1979-02-20 1981-02-03 Computing Devices Company Perimeter surveillance system
US4745284A (en) * 1985-05-27 1988-05-17 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Infrared ray detector
EP0298182A1 (fr) * 1987-05-06 1989-01-11 Societe Industrielle D'aviation Latecoere Procédé et dispositif pour détecter les incendies

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 8, no. 269 (P-319)(1706) 8. Dezember 1984 & JP-A-59 136 629 ( SANYO ) 6. August 1984 *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4221833A1 (de) * 1991-07-05 1993-01-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Ungluecksverhuetende erfassungsvorrichtung mit waermebild-erfassungseinrichtung
EP0588645A1 (fr) * 1992-09-17 1994-03-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif détecteur d'image thermique
EP0588643A1 (fr) * 1992-09-17 1994-03-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif détecteur d'image thermique
US5585631A (en) * 1992-09-17 1996-12-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Thermal image detecting apparatus having detecting elements arranged on a straight line
DE9417289U1 (de) * 1994-10-27 1995-01-26 Meinke Peter Prof Dr Ing Detektoreinrichtung, Detektorsystem und Immunosensor zum Erkennen von Bränden
DE19603828A1 (de) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 Sel Alcatel Ag Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Alarmes und zur Überwachung eines Gebietes
EP0899701A2 (fr) * 1997-08-29 1999-03-03 ABBPATENT GmbH Détecteur sélectif de mouvement et de direction
EP0899701A3 (fr) * 1997-08-29 2000-01-12 ABBPATENT GmbH Détecteur sélectif de mouvement et de direction
WO2000026879A1 (fr) * 1998-10-30 2000-05-11 Stephen Barone Detecteurs de mouvement et capteurs de presence possedant de meilleures caracteristiques de sensibilite, de resolution angulaire et de portee
US6690018B1 (en) 1998-10-30 2004-02-10 Electro-Optic Technologies, Llc Motion detectors and occupancy sensors with improved sensitivity, angular resolution and range
US7053374B2 (en) 1998-10-30 2006-05-30 Electro-Optic Technologies, Llc Motion detectors and occupancy sensors with improved sensitivity, angular resolution and range
WO2001067414A1 (fr) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-13 Digital Security Controls Ltd. Detecteur a infrarouge passif distinguant les animaux familiers
AU2001242129B2 (en) * 2000-03-10 2005-01-20 Tyco Safety Products Canada Ltd Pet resistant pir detector
US6921900B2 (en) 2000-09-11 2005-07-26 Electro-Optic Technologies, Llc Effective quad-detector occupancy sensors and motion detectors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH681574A5 (fr) 1993-04-15
US5218345A (en) 1993-06-08
NO920526D0 (no) 1992-02-10
NO920526L (no) 1992-09-02

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