EP0500705B1 - Crushing device - Google Patents
Crushing device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0500705B1 EP0500705B1 EP90917141A EP90917141A EP0500705B1 EP 0500705 B1 EP0500705 B1 EP 0500705B1 EP 90917141 A EP90917141 A EP 90917141A EP 90917141 A EP90917141 A EP 90917141A EP 0500705 B1 EP0500705 B1 EP 0500705B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- crushing
- roller
- discs
- rollers
- teeth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
- B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/32—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars
- B30B9/321—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars for consolidating empty containers, e.g. cans
- B30B9/325—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars for consolidating empty containers, e.g. cans between rotary pressing members, e.g. rollers, discs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
- B02C2018/0069—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents with stripping devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C2018/147—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers of the plural stage type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a shredding device, in particular for waste material, with a drive and with a housing having an upper filling opening, in the lower part of which a pair of oppositely rotating, intermeshing shredding rollers is arranged, each of which has a plurality of gear-like shredding disks which are axially spaced apart by spacer disks and whose teeth form circumferential cutting elements.
- Such a shredding device with four shredding rollers arranged in a square, is known, for example, from AT-B 359 812, the gear-like shredding disks of each roller engage in the gaps formed by the spacers of two other rollers.
- Each shredding roller is arranged on a shaft that is connected to a common drive motor outside the work area via a gear. Since there are strongly fluctuating loads, the gears must be solid.
- EP-A 142 162 an apparatus for breaking and / or stripping core material is known, an embodiment having disc pairs which are in alignment with one another and mesh with one another in a gear-like manner and which are combined to form two rollers, at least one of which can be driven.
- the invention has now set itself the task of designing such a shredding device so that both Comminution rollers can be driven by a drive motor without an intermediate gear and can be kept free from material jamming between the comminution disks in a simple manner.
- shredding disks of the two shredding rollers are aligned with one another, that the shredding disks of the second shredding roller are arranged on a driveless shaft and are driven by their engagement in the driven shredding disk, and in that the aligned gaps between the shredding disks are deflected, Guide or clearing elements are arranged.
- the shredding disks of the two shredding rollers are aligned with one another, that the shredding disks of the second shredding roller are arranged on a driveless shaft and are driven by their engagement in the driven shredding disk, and in that the aligned gaps between the shredding disks are deflected, Guide or clearing elements are arranged.
- An additional advantage is that there is no need for a positive connection in the circumferential direction between the non-driven shaft and the comminution disks arranged thereon.
- the height of the teeth is greater than their depth of engagement. Due to the difference between tooth height and engagement depth, there is sufficient space for the shredded material in each tooth gap despite the engaging tooth of the other shredding disk.
- the shredding rollers can have different diameters, the smaller shredding roller being provided with the drive. This not only achieves different circumferential speeds that favor the size reduction of the two size reduction rollers, but also a power-saving translation takes place, which makes it possible to use a drive motor with a smaller dimension.
- a further embodiment provides that broaching elements engaging in the spaces between the two shredding rollers are formed by toothed disks of a driven third roller arranged below the two shredding rollers. In this way, it is impossible to pass through the spaces between the comminuting disks, since this passing, non-comminuted or only partially comminuted material is inevitably gripped and comminuted by the toothed disks of the third roller. Due to the engagement of the toothed disks in the aligned gaps between the two shredding rollers, no material can penetrate into the shredding disks which come out of engagement on the underside, so that the third roller serves on the one hand as a third shredding roller and on the other hand as a clearing roller. The direction of rotation is irrelevant, since it is in any case in the same direction to one and in the opposite direction to the second shredding roller.
- Comminution devices with three comminution rollers are known per se, for example from DE-A 32 34 485 or DE-A 26 00 454. However, since in both comminution devices the comminution disks of the two top comminution rollers are set to a gap, the third roller underneath only engages one of the two shredding rollers (DE-A 32 34 485), or neither of the two shredding rollers (DE-A 26 00 454). Post-shredding is thus incomplete and the clearing is more fixed Material parts can be made from at most one shredding roller.
- the toothed disks of the third roller can have teeth which are delimited by approximately V-shaped, rounded cutouts.
- the toothed disks of the third roller thus resemble sprocket gears, and this shape has proven to be particularly favorable for the secondary comminution and the removal.
- the speed of the third roller is of no particular importance, but it has proven to be advantageous if the speed of the third roller is greater.
- the third roller is arranged in the vertical central plane between the two shredding rollers, and the toothed disks of the third roller are approximated to spacer disks between the shredding disks of both shredding rollers are. Since this version is completely symmetrical, only the same deflector elements can be used. It has proven to be advantageous here if the axes of the three rollers are determined approximately by the corner points of an equilateral triangle.
- deflection or guide elements are arranged fixed to the housing and support the spacers. This prevents the material from being returned outside the shredding rollers to the side of the inlet opening. It is particularly expedient if deflecting elements engaging in the spaces between the two shredding rollers are provided on the side of the filling opening.
- the deflector points to the side the filling opening preferably has a cutting edge which projects beyond the teeth of the comminution disk adjacent on both sides.
- the squeezing of in particular long-fiber material between the toothed disks of the third roller and the spacers of the counter-rotating shredding roller can also be prevented in a preferred embodiment if the third roller is arranged at a distance from a vertical central plane between the two shredding rollers and the toothed disks of the third Roller on the one hand are approximated to the spacer disks between the shredding disks of the shredding roller rotating in the same direction and on the other hand to the deflecting elements between the shredding disks of the shredding roller rotating in opposite directions.
- each deflecting element has a cutting edge directed towards the third roller between the shredding disks of the shredding roller rotating in opposite directions.
- a shredding device is used in particular for shredding not too bulky, in particular compostable, waste of all kinds, such as paper, cardboard, wood, garden waste, etc. and has a housing 1 in which two intermeshing, horizontally running shredding rollers 2, 3 are arranged side by side.
- Each shredding roller 2, 3 comprises a shaft 4, 5 mounted in the side walls of the housing 1, on which, with the interposition of spacer disks 13, aligned pairs of shredding disks 6 are arranged at an axial distance from one another.
- Each shredding disk 6 is provided on the circumference with uniform cutting elements in the form of teeth 7, so that it is designed like a gear.
- the thickness of each comminution disc 6 is preferably greater than the width of the respective space 18 given by the spacer discs 13.
- the teeth 7 of two comminution discs 6 engage in one another, the depth h of the tooth spaces 8 being greater than the engagement depth a. This forms a receiving space for the material crushed between the teeth 7, which is further enlarged by a tapering of the tooth base 10.
- a comminution roller 3 is thus driven by the other comminution roller 2, which is associated with a drive 17, not shown in detail.
- the shaft 4 has a quadrangular or hexagonal cross section, as a result of which the comminuting disks 6 threaded thereon are held in a form-fitting manner in the circumferential direction, while the shaft 5 of the second comminuting roller 3 has a round cross section.
- the shaft 4 is custom-made, and the shredding discs 6 and the spacers 13 of the shaft 5 are easier to manufacture due to the cylindrical center bore.
- the teeth 7 of the comminution disks 6 can be arranged with a circumferential offset in the longitudinal direction, as a result of which the rows of teeth lie approximately in a helix, which may favor the comminution.
- each side wall carries a squeegee 26, in order to prevent the penetration of material in the event of a brief, temporary reversal of the direction of rotation of the shredding rollers 2, 3, which is indicated by arrows.
- a third, driven roller 21 is provided below the two shredding rollers 2, 3, which is likewise composed of spacer disks 25 and toothed disks 22 and the direction of rotation of which is arbitrary.
- Approximately V-shaped, rounded cutouts 24 are provided between the teeth 23 of the toothed disk 22.
- the toothed disks 22 are each aligned with two mutually opposite spacer disks 13 of the two comminution rollers 2, 3 and with the deflecting elements 14 supporting them, and thus engage in the spaces 18 between both comminution rollers 2, 3. Material crushed from the teeth 7 of the crushing disks 6 falls down and is transferred into an outlet 12 via the spacer disk 25 of the third roller 21 underneath.
- the third roller 21 can also be arranged symmetrically, that is to say in the central plane between the two comminution rollers 2, 3, the teeth 23 then being approximated to the spacer disks 13 of both comminution rollers 2, 3.
- deflecting or guiding elements 14 are shown, which partially bridge the feed gap on the side of the filling opening 11 and each extend into the opposing shredding roller 2, 3. These deflecting elements end in a cutting edge 20 which protrude radially beyond the teeth 7 of the comminution disks 6. The feed gap for the material to be shredded is thereby also reduced in the spaces between the shredding disks 6 and the shredding effect is also improved by the additional cutting edge 20.
- the deflecting elements 14 carrying the cutting edge 20 alternately enclose every second spacer 13 on the shafts 4, 5 so that they appear combing into one another.
- a deflector element 14, similar to FIG. 1, is provided on the opposite side, which supports the spacers 13 from below.
- the roller 21 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is also preferably provided in this embodiment, but is not shown for reasons of clarity. Likewise in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the arrangement of deflecting and guiding elements 14 according to FIGS. 3 to 7 is possible, which are led to the side of the filling opening 11.
- the height h of the teeth 7 is preferably greater than twice the engagement depth a, so that there is a large receiving space at the bottom of each tooth gap 8 for material entering the toothing is achieved.
- open side recesses 9 facilitate the material exit, so that the bottom of each tooth gap 8 is designed like a cutting edge.
- the shredded material falls down through the outlet 12.
- the outlet 12 can lead like a funnel to a channel-shaped support in which a screw conveyor is arranged. This can be continued in a machine part arranged outside the comminution device as a press screw for pressing the comminuted material.
- the funnel-like feed is limited by deflecting or guiding elements 14, which are fixed lying on the support and each protrude into an intermediate space 18 between two comminution disks 6 as far as the respective spacer disk 13.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung insbesondere für Abfallmaterial mit einem Antrieb und mit einem eine obere Einfüllöffnung aufweisenden Gehäuse, in dessen unterem Teil ein Paar von sich gegenläufig drehenden, ineinandergreifenden Zerkleinerungswalzen angeordnet ist, die jeweils mehrere zahnradartige Zerkleinerungsscheiben aufweisen, die durch Distanzscheiben axial beabstandet sind und deren Zähne umfangseitige Schneidelemente bilden.The invention relates to a shredding device, in particular for waste material, with a drive and with a housing having an upper filling opening, in the lower part of which a pair of oppositely rotating, intermeshing shredding rollers is arranged, each of which has a plurality of gear-like shredding disks which are axially spaced apart by spacer disks and whose teeth form circumferential cutting elements.
Eine derartige Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, mit vier in einem, Quadrat angeordneten Zerkleinerungswalzen ist beispielsweise aus der AT-B 359 812 bekannt, die zahnradartigen Zerkleinerungsscheiben jeder Walze greifen in die durch die Distanzscheiben gebildeten Zwischenräume zweier anderer Walzen ein. Jede Zerkleinerungswalze ist auf einer Welle angeordnet, die außerhalb des Arbeitsraumes über ein Getriebe an einen gemeinsamen Antriebsmotor angeschlossen ist. Da stark schwankende Belastungen auftreten, müssen die Getriebe massiv ausgebildet werden.Such a shredding device, with four shredding rollers arranged in a square, is known, for example, from AT-B 359 812, the gear-like shredding disks of each roller engage in the gaps formed by the spacers of two other rollers. Each shredding roller is arranged on a shaft that is connected to a common drive motor outside the work area via a gear. Since there are strongly fluctuating loads, the gears must be solid.
Aus der EP-A 142 162 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Brechen und/oder Entschalen von Kerngut bekannt, wobei eine Ausführung miteinander fluchtende, zahnradartig mit Spiel ineinandergreifende Scheibenpaare aufweist, die zu zwei Walzen zusammengefaßt sind, von denen mindestens eine antreibbar ist.From EP-A 142 162 an apparatus for breaking and / or stripping core material is known, an embodiment having disc pairs which are in alignment with one another and mesh with one another in a gear-like manner and which are combined to form two rollers, at least one of which can be driven.
Da die Zerkleinerungswalzen der AT-B 359 812 einer Feinzerkleinerung von zuvor grobzerkleinerten Abfall dienen, und die der EP-A 142 162 ebenfalls kleines Gut bearbeiten, sind in beiden Fällen keine Vorkehrungen getroffen bzw. erforderlich, um die Zerkleinerungswalzen freizuhalten und eben Blockierungen zu verhindern.Since the shredding rollers of AT-B 359 812 are used for fine shredding of previously coarsely shredded waste, and they also process small material in EP-A 142 162, no measures are taken or necessary in both cases to keep the shredding rollers free and to prevent blockages .
Die Erfindung hat es sich nun zur Aufgabe gestellt, eine derartige Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung so auszubilden, daß beide Zerkleinerungswalzen von einem Antriebsmotor ohne Zwischengetriebe angetrieben und in einfacher Weise von sich zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheiben verklemmendem Material freigehalten werden können.The invention has now set itself the task of designing such a shredding device so that both Comminution rollers can be driven by a drive motor without an intermediate gear and can be kept free from material jamming between the comminution disks in a simple manner.
Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß die Zerkleinerungsscheiben der beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen jeweils miteinander fluchten, daß die Zerkleinerungsscheiben der zweiten Zerkleinerungswalze auf einer antriebslosen Welle angeordnet und durch ihren Eingriff in die angetriebene Zerkleinerungsscheibe angetrieben sind, und daß in den fluchtenden Zwischenräumen zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheiben Abweis-, Leit- oder Räumelemente angeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise findet nicht nur die Kraftübertragung zwischen den Zerkleinerungswalzen direkt in der gesamten Länge statt, sondern es wird möglich, gemeinsame Abweis-, Leit- oder Räumelemente zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheibenpaaren anzuordnen. Als zusätzlicher Vorteil ergibt sich, daß eine in Umfangsrichtung formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der nicht angetriebenen Welle und den darauf angeordneten Zerkleinerungsscheiben entbehrlich ist.This is achieved according to the invention in that the shredding disks of the two shredding rollers are aligned with one another, that the shredding disks of the second shredding roller are arranged on a driveless shaft and are driven by their engagement in the driven shredding disk, and in that the aligned gaps between the shredding disks are deflected, Guide or clearing elements are arranged. In this way, not only does the force transmission between the shredding rollers take place directly over the entire length, but it becomes possible to arrange common deflecting, guiding or clearing elements between the shredding disk pairs. An additional advantage is that there is no need for a positive connection in the circumferential direction between the non-driven shaft and the comminution disks arranged thereon.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist vorgesehen, daß die Höhe der Zähne größer als ihre Eingriffstiefe ist. Durch die Differenz zwischen Zahnhöhe und Eingriffstiefe verbleibt in jeder Zahnlücke trotz des eingreifenden Zahnes der anderen Zerkleinerungsscheibe ein ausreichender Freiraum für das zerkleinerte Material.In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the height of the teeth is greater than their depth of engagement. Due to the difference between tooth height and engagement depth, there is sufficient space for the shredded material in each tooth gap despite the engaging tooth of the other shredding disk.
Größere Freiräume für zwischen die kämmenden Zähne gelangendes Material ergeben sich weiters einerseits dadurch, daß die Höhe der Zähne zumindest der doppelten Eingriffstiefe entspricht und/oder dadurch, daß jede Zerkleinerungsscheibe an zumindest einer Seite in die Zahnlücken offene Ausnehmungen aufweist. Diesem Zweck dient weiters auch eine Ausführung, in der die Zähne einen verjüngten Zahnfuß aufweisen. Die Schwächung der einzelnen Schneidezähne stellt dabei wegen des Vielfacheingriffes über die gesamte Länge der Zerkleinerungswalzen keine wesentliche Schwächung der Kraftübertragung dar.Larger clearances for material coming between the meshing teeth also result on the one hand from the fact that the height of the teeth corresponds to at least twice the depth of engagement and / or from the fact that each shredding disk has open recesses in the tooth gaps on at least one side. An embodiment in which the teeth have a tapered tooth base also serves this purpose. The weakening of the individual incisors is due to the Multiple intervention over the entire length of the shredding rollers does not represent a significant weakening of the power transmission.
Die Zerkleinerungswalzen können unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen, wobei die kleinere Zerkleinerungswalze mit dem Antrieb versehen ist. Dadurch werden nicht nur die Zerkleinerung begünstigende unterschiedliche Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten der beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen erzielt, sondern es findet auch eine kraftsparende Übersetzung statt, die es gestattet, einen schwächer dimensionierten Antriebsmotor zu verwenden.The shredding rollers can have different diameters, the smaller shredding roller being provided with the drive. This not only achieves different circumferential speeds that favor the size reduction of the two size reduction rollers, but also a power-saving translation takes place, which makes it possible to use a drive motor with a smaller dimension.
Eine weitere Ausführung sieht vor, daß in die Zwischenräume beider Zerkleinerungswalzen eingreifende Räumelemente durch Zahnscheiben einer unterhalb der beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen angeordneten, angetriebenen dritten Walze gebildet sind. Auf diese Weise ist der Durchtritt durch die Zwischenräume zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheiben unmöglich, da diese passierendes, nicht- bzw. nur teilzerkleinertes Material zwangsläufig von den Zahnscheiben der dritten Walze ergriffen und zerkleinert wird. Durch den Eingriff der Zahnscheiben in die fluchtenden Zwischenräume beider Zerkleinerungswalzen kann weiters auch kein Material in die an der Unterseite wieder außer Eingriff kommenden Zerkleinerungsscheiben eindringen, sodaß die dritte Walze einerseits als dritte Zerkleinerungswalze und andererseits als Räumwalze dient. Deren Drehrichtung ist dabei an sich belanglos, da sie in jedem Fall gleichsinnig zu einer und gegensinnig zur zweiten Zerkleinerungswalze ist.A further embodiment provides that broaching elements engaging in the spaces between the two shredding rollers are formed by toothed disks of a driven third roller arranged below the two shredding rollers. In this way, it is impossible to pass through the spaces between the comminuting disks, since this passing, non-comminuted or only partially comminuted material is inevitably gripped and comminuted by the toothed disks of the third roller. Due to the engagement of the toothed disks in the aligned gaps between the two shredding rollers, no material can penetrate into the shredding disks which come out of engagement on the underside, so that the third roller serves on the one hand as a third shredding roller and on the other hand as a clearing roller. The direction of rotation is irrelevant, since it is in any case in the same direction to one and in the opposite direction to the second shredding roller.
An sich sind Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen mit drei Zerkleinerungswalzen bekannt, beispielsweise aus der DE-A 32 34 485 oder der DE-A 26 00 454. Da jedoch in beiden Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen die Zerkleinerungsscheiben der beiden oberen Zerkleinerungswalzen auf Lücke versetzt sind, greift die darunterliegende dritte Walze nur in eine der beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen (DE-A 32 34 485), oder in keine der beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen (DE-A 26 00 454) ein. Eine Nachzerkleinerung ist damit unvollständig, und die Räumung festgesetzter Materialteile kann aus höchstens einer Zerkleinerungswalze erfolgen.Comminution devices with three comminution rollers are known per se, for example from DE-A 32 34 485 or DE-A 26 00 454. However, since in both comminution devices the comminution disks of the two top comminution rollers are set to a gap, the third roller underneath only engages one of the two shredding rollers (DE-A 32 34 485), or neither of the two shredding rollers (DE-A 26 00 454). Post-shredding is thus incomplete and the clearing is more fixed Material parts can be made from at most one shredding roller.
Die Zahnscheiben der dritten Walze können Zähne aufweisen, die durch etwa V-förmige, gerundete Ausschnitte begrenzt sind. Die Zahnscheiben der dritten Walze ähneln damit Kettenzahnrädern, wobei sich diese Form als besonders günstig für die Nachzerkleinerung und die Ausräumung erwiesen hat.The toothed disks of the third roller can have teeth which are delimited by approximately V-shaped, rounded cutouts. The toothed disks of the third roller thus resemble sprocket gears, and this shape has proven to be particularly favorable for the secondary comminution and the removal.
Ebenso wie die Drehrichtung ist auch die Drehzahl der dritten Walze ohne besondere Bedeutung, es hat sich jedoch als vorteilhaft gezeigt, wenn die Drehzahl der dritten Walze größer ist.Just like the direction of rotation, the speed of the third roller is of no particular importance, but it has proven to be advantageous if the speed of the third roller is greater.
Wenn das zu zerkleinernde Material wenig oder keine langfasrigen Anteile aufweist, so sieht eine konstruktiv besonders vorteilhafte Ausführung vor, daß die dritte Walze in der vertikalen Mittelebene zwischen den beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen angeordnet ist, und die Zahnscheiben der dritten Walze an Distanzscheiben zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheiben beider Zerkleinerungswalzen angenähert sind. Da diese Ausführung völlig symmetrisch ist, können ausschließlich gleiche Abweiselemente verwendet werden. Hier hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, wenn die Achsen der drei Walzen etwa durch die Eckpunkte eines gleichseitigen Dreiecks bestimmt sind.If the material to be shredded has little or no long-fiber content, a particularly advantageous design provides that the third roller is arranged in the vertical central plane between the two shredding rollers, and the toothed disks of the third roller are approximated to spacer disks between the shredding disks of both shredding rollers are. Since this version is completely symmetrical, only the same deflector elements can be used. It has proven to be advantageous here if the axes of the three rollers are determined approximately by the corner points of an equilateral triangle.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführung sieht vor, daß die Abweis- oder Leitelemente gehäusefest angeordnet sind und die Distanzscheiben stützen. Hiedurch wird eine Rückführung des Materials außerhalb der Zerkleinerungswalzen zur Seite der Eintrittsöffnung hin verhindert. Besonders günstig ist es dabei, wenn in die Zwischenräume beider Zerkleinerungswalzen eingreifende Abweiselemente an der Seite der Einfüllöffnung vorgesehen sind.Another preferred embodiment provides that the deflection or guide elements are arranged fixed to the housing and support the spacers. This prevents the material from being returned outside the shredding rollers to the side of the inlet opening. It is particularly expedient if deflecting elements engaging in the spaces between the two shredding rollers are provided on the side of the filling opening.
Dies vermeidet Betriebsstörungen durch den Einzug zu großer, sich verklemmender Materialstücke zwischen die Zerkleinerungswalzen. Das Abweiselement weist an der Seite der Füllöffnung vorzugsweise eine Schneidkante auf, die die Zähne der beidseitig angrenzenden Zerkleinerungsscheibe überragt.This avoids operational disruptions due to the feeding of oversized, jammed pieces of material between the shredding rollers. The deflector points to the side the filling opening preferably has a cutting edge which projects beyond the teeth of the comminution disk adjacent on both sides.
Das Durchzwängen von insbesondere langfasrigem Material zwischen den Zahnscheiben der dritten Walze und den Distanzscheiben der sich gegensinnig drehenden Zerkleinerungswalze läßt sich in einer bevorzugten Ausführung auch verhindert, wenn die dritte Walze mit Abstand zu einer vertikalen Mittelebene zwischen den beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen angeordnet ist und die Zahnscheiben der dritten Walze einerseits an die Distanzscheiben zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheiben der sich gleichsinnig drehenden Zerkleinerungswalze und andererseits an die Abweiselemente zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheiben der sich gegensinnig drehenden Zerkleinerungswalze angenähert sind.The squeezing of in particular long-fiber material between the toothed disks of the third roller and the spacers of the counter-rotating shredding roller can also be prevented in a preferred embodiment if the third roller is arranged at a distance from a vertical central plane between the two shredding rollers and the toothed disks of the third Roller on the one hand are approximated to the spacer disks between the shredding disks of the shredding roller rotating in the same direction and on the other hand to the deflecting elements between the shredding disks of the shredding roller rotating in opposite directions.
Vorteilhaft ist dabei weiters vorgesehen, daß jedes Abweiselement zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheiben der sich gegensinnig drehenden Zerkleinerungswalze eine zur dritten Walze gerichtete Schneidkante aufweist.It is also advantageously provided that each deflecting element has a cutting edge directed towards the third roller between the shredding disks of the shredding roller rotating in opposite directions.
Nachstehend werden nun Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung an Hand der Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher beschrieben:Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail below with reference to the figures in the accompanying drawings:
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Vertikalschnitt nach der Linie I-I der Fig. 2 durch eine erste Ausführung,
- Fig. 2
- einen Teilhorizontalschnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein zweites Ausfühführungsbeispiel, und
- Fig. 4 bis 7
- Schnitte nach den Linien IV-IV, V-V, VI-VI und VII-VII der Fig. 3.
- Fig. 1
- 2 shows a vertical section along line II of FIG. 2 through a first embodiment,
- Fig. 2
- 2 shows a partial horizontal section along the line II-II of FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3
- is a schematic plan view of a second exemplary embodiment, and
- 4 to 7
- Section along lines IV-IV, VV, VI-VI and VII-VII of Fig. 3rd
Eine Zerkleinerungseinrichtung dient insbesondere zur Zerkleinerung von nicht allzu sperrigen, insbesondere kompostierbaren Abfällen aller Art, wie Papier, Karton, Holz, Gartenabfällen, usw. und weist ein Gehäuse 1 auf, in dem zwei ineinandergreifende, horizontal verlaufende Zerkleinerungswalzen 2,3 nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Jede Zerkleinerungswalze 2,3 umfaßt eine in Seitenwänden des Gehäuses 1 gelagerte Welle 4,5, auf der unter Zwischenschaltung von Distanzscheiben 13 miteinander fluchtende Paare von Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 mit einem axialen Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind.A shredding device is used in particular for shredding not too bulky, in particular compostable, waste of all kinds, such as paper, cardboard, wood, garden waste, etc. and has a
Jede Zerkleinerungsscheibe 6 ist am Umfang mit gleichmäßigen Schneidelementen in Form von Zähnen 7 versehen, sodaß sie ähnlich einem Zahnrad ausgebildet ist. Die Dicke jeder Zerkleinerungsscheibe 6 ist bevorzugt größer als die Breite des jeweiligen durch die Distanzscheiben 13 gegebenen Zwischenraumes 18. Die Zähne 7 je zweier Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 greifen ineinander ein, wobei die Tiefe h der Zahnlücken 8 größer als die Eingriffstiefe a ist. Dadurch wird ein Aufnahmeraum für das zwischen den Zähnen 7 zerkleinerte Material gebildet, der durch eine Verjüngung des Zahnfußes 10 noch vergrößert ist. Eine Zerkleinerungswalze 3 wird somit von der anderen Zerkleinerungswalze 2 angetrieben, der ein nicht näher gezeigter Antrieb 17 zugeordnet ist. Wie ersichtlich, besitzt daher nur eine Welle 4 einen vier- oder sechseckigen Querschnitt, wodurch die darauf aufgefädelten Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 in Umfangsrichtung formschlüssig gehalten sind, während die Welle 5 der zweiten Zerkleinerungswalze 3 einen runden Querschnitt besitzt. Somit stellt nur die Welle 4 eine Sonderanfertigung dar, und die Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 und die Distanzscheiben 13 der Welle 5 sind aufgrund der zylindrischen Mittelbohrung leichter herstellbar. Die Zähne 7 der Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 sind in Längsrichtung umfangversetzt anordenbar, wodurch die Zahnreihen etwa in einer Schraubenlinie liegen, die die Zerkleinerung gegebenenfalls begünstigt. Aufgrund der fluchtenden Anordnung der Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 und damit auch der Zwischenräume 18 ist ein Einbau von in beide Zerkleinerungswalzen 2,3 eingreifenden Abweis-, Leit- oder Räumelementen möglich. Abweiselemente 14 an der Unterseite untergreifen eine an der Seitenwand des Gehäuses 1 angeordnete Hakenleiste, liegen auf Trägern 15 auf und an den Distanzscheiben 13 von unten an, sodaß sie zusätzlich Stützen für die Zerkleinerungswalzen 2,3 bilden. An der Seite der Einfüllöffnung 11 trägt jede Seitenwand eine Abstreifleiste 26, um bei einer eventuellen, kurzzeitigen Umkehr der mit Pfeilen bezeichneten Drehrichtung der Zerkleinerungswalzen 2,3 das Eindringen von Material zu vermeiden.Each
In der Ausführung nach Fig. 1 und 2 ist unterhalb der beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen 2,3 eine dritte, angetriebene Walze 21 vorgesehen, die ebenfalls aus Distanzscheiben 25 und Zahnscheiben 22 zusammengesetzt ist und deren Drehrichtung beliebig ist. Zwischen den Zähnen 23 der Zahnscheibe 22 sind etwa V-förmige, gerundete Ausschnitte 24 vorgesehen. Die Zahnscheiben 22 fluchten jeweils mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Distanzscheiben 13 der beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen 2,3 und mit den diese stützenden Abweiselementen 14, und greifen somit in die Zwischenräume 18 beider Zerkleinerungswalzen 2,3 ein. Von den Zähnen 7 der Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 zerkleinertes Material fällt nach unten und wird über die darunter liegende Distanzscheibe 25 der dritten Walze 21 in einen Auslaß 12 überführt. Durch die Zwischenräume 18 transportiertes Material trifft auf die Zahnscheiben 22 der dritten Walze 21, deren Zähne 23 eine eventuelle Nachzerkleinerung bewirken, sowie sich zwischen den Zähnen 7 der Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 verhängendes Material ausräumen und ebenfalls in den Auslaß 12 übergeben. Die Anordnung der dritten Walze 21 ist dabei asymmetrisch, sodaß deren Zähne 23 an die Distanzscheibe 13 der sich gleichsinnig drehenden Zerkleinerungswalze 2 angenähert sind, wobei ein Spalt von etwa 0 bis 5 mm verbleibt. Dadurch können die im Eingriffsbereich sich gegenläufig bewegenden Zähne 13 im Zwischenraum 18 liegendes bzw. klemmendes Material übernehmen. Durch die Asymmetrie ist der Durchtrittsspalt zwischen den Zähnen 23 und der sich gegensinnig drehenden zweiten Zerkleinerungswalze 3 größer und beträgt mehrere Zentimeter. Das von den Zähnen 23, die sich in diesem Eingriffsbereich gleichläufig wie die der zweiten Zerkleinerungswalze 3 bewegen, erfaßte nachzuzerkleinernde Material wird dabei gegen eine Schneidkante 27 des den seitlichen Austritt sperrenden Abweiselementes 14 gedrückt und zerkleinert, sodaß das Material in die durch die Distanzscheiben 25 gebildeten Zwischenräume der dritten Walze 21 und zum Auslaß 12 überführbar ist. Somit wird auch langfasriges Material, das nur teilzerkleinert in den Arbeitsbereich der dritten Walze 11 gelangt, zuverlässig auf die gewünschte Größe zerkleinert. Für die Zerkleinerung von Material ohne langfasrigen Anteil kann die dritte Walze 21 auch symmetrisch, das heißt in der Mittelebene zwischen den beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen 2,3 angeordnet sein, wobei dann die Zähne 23 jeweils an die Distanzscheiben 13 beider Zerkleinerungswalzen 2,3 angenähert sind.1 and 2, a third, driven
In der Ausführung nach Fig. 3 bis 7 sind Abweis- oder Leitelemente 14 dargestellt, die an der Seite der Einfüllöffnung 11 den Einzugsspalt teilweise überbrücken, und sich jeweils in die gegenüberliegende Zerkleinerungswalze 2,3 erstrecken. Diese Abweiselemente enden in einer Schneidkante 20, die die Zähne 7 der Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 radial überragen. Der Einzugsspalt für das zu zerkleinernde Material wird dadurch auch in den Zwischenräumen zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 verkleinert und durch die zusätzliche Schneidkante 20 wird auch die Zerkleinerungswirkung verbessert. Die die Schneidkante 20 tragenden Abweiselemente 14 umschließen wechselweise jede zweite Distanzscheibe 13 auf den Wellen 4,5, sodaß sie kammartig ineinander ragend erscheinen. An der Gegenseite ist jeweils ein Abweiselement 14 ähnlich Fig. 1 vorgesehen, das die Distanzscheiben 13 von unten stützt. Die in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigte Walze 21 ist auch bei dieser Ausführung bevorzugt vorgesehen, jedoch aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht eingezeichnet. Ebenso ist auch in der Ausführung nach Fig. 1 und 2 die Anordnung von Abweis- und Leitelementen 14 gemäß Fig. 3 bis 7 möglich, die bis an die Seite der Einfüllöffnung 11 geführt sind.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 to 7, deflecting or guiding
Die Höhe h der Zähne 7 ist bevorzugt größer als die doppelte Eingriffstiefe a, sodaß ein großer Aufnahmefreiraum am Boden jeder Zahnlücke 8 für in die Verzahnung eintretendes Material erzielt wird. In jede Zahnlücke 8 offene seitliche Ausnehmungen 9 erleichtern den Materialaustritt, sodaß der Boden jeder Zahnlücke 8 ähnlich einer Schneide ausgebildet ist.The height h of the
Hinsichtlich der benötigten Antriebsleistung ist es günstig, die mit dem Antrieb 17 versehene Zerkleinerungswalze 2 mit einem kleineren Durchmesser auszubilden, wobei der größeren Zerkleinerungswalze 3 auch eine geringere Umfangsgeschwindigkeit erteilt wird.With regard to the drive power required, it is favorable to design the
Gemäß Fig. 1 und 3 fällt das zerkleinerte Material durch den Auslaß 12 nach unten. Der Auslaß 12 kann trichterartig zu einem rinnenförmigen Träger führen, in dem eine Förderschnecke angeordnet ist. Diese kann in einem außerhalb der Zerkleinerungseinrichtung angeordneten Maschinenteil als Preßschnecke zur Verpressung des zerkleinerten Materials weitergeführt sein. Die trichterartige Zuführung wird dabei durch Abweis- oder Leitelemente 14 begrenzt, die auf dem Träger aufliegend fixiert sind und jeweils in einen Zwischenraum 18 zwischen zwei Zerkleinerungsscheiben 6 bis zur jeweiligen Distanzscheibe 13 ragen.1 and 3, the shredded material falls down through the
Claims (19)
- A crushing apparatus, in particular for waste material, comprising a drive and a housing (1) which has an upper filling opening and in the lower part of which is arranged a pair of mutually oppositely rotating interengaging crushing rollers (2, 3) which are each composed of a plurality of gear-like crushing discs (6) which are axially spaced by spacer discs (13) and the teeth ( 7) of which form peripheral cutting elements, wherein the crushing discs (6) of a crushing roller (2) are non-rotatably arranged on a drive shaft (4) connected to the drive, characterised in that the crushing discs (6) of the two crushing rollers (2, 3) are respectively aligned with each other, that the crushing discs (6) of the second crushing roller (3) are arranged on a drive-less shaft (5) and are driven by their engagement into the driven crushing disc (6) and that deflector, guide or clearing elements (14, 22) are arranged in the aligned intermediate spaces (18) between the crushing discs (6).
- A crushing apparatus according to claim 1 characterised in that the height (h) of the teeth (7) is greater than their engagement depth (a).
- A crushing apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the height (h) of the teeth (7) corresponds at least to double the engagement depth (a).
- A crushing apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that each crushing disc (6) has recesses (9) which open into the gaps (8) between the teeth, at at least one side.
- A crushing apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the teeth (7) have a reduced tooth root (10).
- A crushing apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that each tooth (7) has two cutting edges (19).
- A crushing apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the thickness of the crushing discs (6) is greater than the thickness of the spacer discs (13).
- A crushing apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that clearing elements which engage into the intermediate spaces (18) of both crushing rollers (2, 3) are formed by toothed discs (22) of a driven third roller (21) arranged beneath the two crushing rollers (2, 3).
- A crushing apparatus according to claim 8 characterised in that the toothed discs (22) of the third roller (21) have teeth (23) which are defined by approximately V-shaped rounded cut-out portions (24).
- A crushing apparatus according to claim 9 characterised in that the depth of the cut-out portions (24) approximately corresponds to the depth of the gaps (8) between the teeth of the crushing discs (6).
- A crushing apparatus according to one of claims 8 to 10 characterised in that the speed of rotation of the third roller (21) is higher than that of the two crushing rollers (2, 3).
- A crushing apparatus according to one of claims 8 to 11 characterised in that the third roller (21) is arranged in the vertical central plane between the two crushing rollers (2, 3) and the toothed discs (22) of the third roller (21) are disposed adjacent the spacer discs (13) between the crushing discs (6) of the two crushing rollers (2, 3).
- A crushing apparatus according to claim 12 characterised in that the axes of the three rollers (2, 3, 21) are determined approximately by the corners of an equilateral triangle.
- A crushing apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 13 characterised in that the deflector or guide elements (14) are arranged fixedly with respect to the housing and support the spacer discs (13).
- A crushing apparatus according to claim 14 characterised in that deflector elements (14) which engage into the intermediate spaces (18) of the two crushing rollers (2, 3) are provided at the side of the filling opening (11).
- A crushing apparatus according to claim 15 characterised in that the deflector element (14) has a cutting edge (20) at the side of the filling opening (11).
- A crushing apparatus according to claims 8 and 14 characterised in that the third roller (21) is arranged at a spacing relative to the vertical central plane between the two crushing rollers (2, 3) and the toothed discs (22) of the third roller (21) are disposed adjacent on the one hand the spacer discs (13) between the crushing discs (6) of the crushing roller (2) which rotates in the same direction and on the other hand the deflector elements (14) between the crushing discs (6) of the crushing roller (3) which rotates in the opposite direction.
- A crushing apparatus according to claim 17 characterised in that each deflector element (14) has a cutting edge (27) which is directed towards the third roller (21), between the crushing discs (6) of the crushing roller (3) which rotates in the opposite direction.
- A crushing apparatus according to one of claims 14 to 18 characterised in that each deflector element (14) lies on a longitudinal bearer (15) which extends beneath the crushing roller (2, 3) parallel thereto.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8913711U DE8913711U1 (en) | 1989-11-21 | 1989-11-21 | Shredding device |
DE8913711U | 1989-11-21 | ||
AT1330/90 | 1990-06-22 | ||
AT133090A AT398172B (en) | 1990-06-22 | 1990-06-22 | Comminution device |
PCT/AT1990/000111 WO1991007229A1 (en) | 1989-11-21 | 1990-11-20 | Crushing device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0500705A1 EP0500705A1 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
EP0500705B1 true EP0500705B1 (en) | 1994-07-13 |
Family
ID=25595564
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90917141A Expired - Lifetime EP0500705B1 (en) | 1989-11-21 | 1990-11-20 | Crushing device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0500705B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE108344T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59006451D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991007229A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103990532A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-08-20 | 镇江市丹徒区天源机械配件厂 | Automatic cleaner for toilet paper |
CN105195277A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2015-12-30 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Crushing machine |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4142054A1 (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1993-06-24 | Linde Ag | SHREDDING OF RAIL SHAPED MATERIAL |
EP1757438A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-02-28 | Mayer, Peter | Press for compacting empty packaging material |
CN102284315B (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2013-03-27 | 沈阳恒兴机械有限公司 | Chopping block type comb-shaped shear crushing device |
DE102012216914B4 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2017-01-05 | Hammel GmbH & Co.KG | comminution device |
ES2705687T3 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2019-03-26 | Tepha Inc | Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate compositions and devices |
CN110065162B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2023-12-19 | 长安大学 | Double-vertical-shaft high-performance concrete mixer with extrusion and material lifting functions |
CN115475410B (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-12-12 | 青岛羽翎珊家纺织品集团有限公司 | Textile detection azo dye extraction device |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2548760C2 (en) * | 1975-10-31 | 1977-12-29 | Goergen, Fritz-Aurel, Dr., Cologny (Schweiz) | Process for the treatment and incineration of waste |
CH604896A5 (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-09-15 | Sopac Trade Ag | Double parallel cutter refuse grinding machine |
DE2943570A1 (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-04-30 | Peter 5439 Bretthausen Voelskow | Automatic refuse shredding machine - has two counter-rotating cylinders with speed differential and third higher speed after shredder |
CH665363A5 (en) * | 1983-11-16 | 1988-05-13 | Abla Consultancy International | DEVICE FOR BREAKING AND / OR SHELLING CORE. |
DE3705623A1 (en) * | 1987-02-21 | 1988-09-01 | Ehinger Adolf Eba Maschf | Disintegrating apparatus, in particular document shredder |
-
1990
- 1990-11-20 EP EP90917141A patent/EP0500705B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-20 AT AT90917141T patent/ATE108344T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-20 WO PCT/AT1990/000111 patent/WO1991007229A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-11-20 DE DE59006451T patent/DE59006451D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103990532A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-08-20 | 镇江市丹徒区天源机械配件厂 | Automatic cleaner for toilet paper |
CN103990532B (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2016-08-17 | 镇江市丹徒区天源机械配件厂 | Sanitary paper towel automatic cleaning device |
CN105195277A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2015-12-30 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Crushing machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59006451D1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
ATE108344T1 (en) | 1994-07-15 |
WO1991007229A1 (en) | 1991-05-30 |
EP0500705A1 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
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