EP0498738B1 - Hochspannungshalter mit lineairer Bewegung - Google Patents

Hochspannungshalter mit lineairer Bewegung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0498738B1
EP0498738B1 EP92400331A EP92400331A EP0498738B1 EP 0498738 B1 EP0498738 B1 EP 0498738B1 EP 92400331 A EP92400331 A EP 92400331A EP 92400331 A EP92400331 A EP 92400331A EP 0498738 B1 EP0498738 B1 EP 0498738B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
contact
insulating
contact member
high voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92400331A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0498738A1 (de
Inventor
Hans Jedlitschka
Jacques Sireul
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric CGR SA
Original Assignee
General Electric CGR SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric CGR SA filed Critical General Electric CGR SA
Publication of EP0498738A1 publication Critical patent/EP0498738A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0498738B1 publication Critical patent/EP0498738B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/06—Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H21/00—Switches operated by an operating part in the form of a pivotable member acted upon directly by a solid body, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H21/54—Lever switches with blade-type contact co-operating with one or two spring-clip contacts, e.g. knife switch
    • H01H21/58—Change-over switches without stable intermediate position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high voltage switch according to the preamble of claim 1 and, more particularly, to the switches which are used to alternately supply at least two x-ray tubes from a single high voltage generator.
  • X-ray tubes for medical diagnosis for example, are generally constituted (FIG. 1) like a diode, that is to say with a cathode 11 and an anode 12 or anti-cathode, these two electrodes being enclosed in a envelope 14 vacuum tight and which allows for electrical isolation between these two electrodes.
  • the cathode 11 produces an electron beam 13 and the anode receives these electrons over a small surface which constitutes a focal point from which the X-rays are emitted.
  • a small proportion of the energy expended in producing the electron beam 13 is transformed into X-rays, the rest of this energy being transformed into heat. Also, given also the large instantaneous powers involved (of the order of 100 KW) and the small dimensions of the hearth (of the order of a millimeter), manufacturers have long produced tubes X-ray rotary anode where the anode is rotated to distribute the heat flux over a ring called focal ring, with a much larger area than the focus, the advantage being all the greater as the speed of rotation is high (generally between 3,000 and 12,000 revolutions per minute).
  • the rotary anode of the conventional type has the general shape of a disc having an axis of symmetry 16 around which it is rotated by means of an electric motor 17; the electric motor has a stator 18 located outside the envelope 14 and a rotor 19 mounted in the envelope 14 of the X-ray tube and arranged along the axis of symmetry 16, the rotor being mechanically secured to the anode via a support shaft 20.
  • the high voltage generator 15 which supplies between the terminals -HT and + HT a voltage of between 50 and 160 kilovolts, is an important, bulky and expensive element of an X-ray device. Also, in radiology installations comprising several X-ray tubes, provision is made to use only one high voltage generator which is connected to the various X-ray tubes by means of a high voltage switch, the basic diagram is given by FIG. 2 in the case of a switch 21 for supplying two tubes A and B. It comprises two input terminals 22 and 23 connected respectively to the terminals + HT and -HT of the high generator voltage and two pairs of output terminals 24, 25 and 26, 27 respectively connected to tubes A and B.
  • the switching is carried out by two rotary arms 28 and 29 connected on one side (pads 22 ′ and 23 ′) respectively input terminals 22 and 23 and the other is at output terminals 24 and 25 (pads 24 ′ and 25 ′) for a first position of the arms (supply of tube A), or at the output terminals 26 and 27 (pads 26 ′ and 27 ′) for a second position of the arms (supply of tube B).
  • the distances separating the different pads are large enough to avoid conduction by electric arc.
  • the distances should be of the order of several centimeters, for example 15 centimeters for 150 kilovolts, which leads to switches of large dimensions and therefore very bulky.
  • Document US-A-1833173 describes a high voltage switch comprising an insulating plate interposed between the fixed stud and the movable stud when the movable stud is opened.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to produce a high-voltage switch of reduced size with or without the use of insulating oil by implementing a potential barrier made of insulating material with high dielectric strength, such as a polymer of the polypropylene type. or polyethylene with a breakdown voltage equal to or greater than 80 kilovolts per millimeter.
  • a potential barrier made of insulating material with high dielectric strength such as a polymer of the polypropylene type. or polyethylene with a breakdown voltage equal to or greater than 80 kilovolts per millimeter.
  • the invention relates to a high-voltage linear motion switch for alternately applying a high voltage either to a first X-ray tube or to a second X-ray tube, comprising two identical half-switches, each half-switch comprising two terminals d input and two output terminals and each input terminal being connected to a single output terminal by through a contact device which comprises a fixed stud and a movable stud moving in a linear movement so as to come into contact with or move away from said fixed stud, said linear movement of the two movable studs a half-switch being obtained by the linear displacement of an isolation device in a direction perpendicular to the movement of the movable pads, each half-switch being characterized in that said isolation device cooperates with the two movable pads so that , in a first position of the isolation device, a first contact device is open while the second is closed and that, in a second position of the isolation device, the first contact device is closed while the second is open , the pads facing each open
  • the switch 31 is provided for applying a high voltage taken, for example, between the + HT and -HT terminals of a generator 15 (FIG. 1), either to a tube A, or to a tube B. It comprises two half-switches 32 and 30 which each have two input terminals 33, 33 ′ and 34, 34 ′ and two output terminals 35, 37 and 36, 38 respectively.
  • the input terminals 33 and 33 ′ are, for example, connected to the + HT output terminal of the generator 15 while the input terminals 34 and 34 ′ connected to the -HT output terminal of the same generator.
  • Each half-switch 32 or 30 consists of two contact devices each comprising (FIGS. 3, 4 and 5) a fixed stud f connected, for example, to an input terminal and a movable stud m, connected to an output terminal, which moves linearly along the double arrow 39 (or 40, 41, 42) and a mobile isolation device 43 (or 44), made of polymer with high dielectric strength, which moves linearly along the double arrow 43 ′ (or 44 ′) so as to be interposed (figure 4-b) or not (figure 4-a) between the pads m or f of a contact device.
  • the linear movement of the isolation device is perpendicular to that of the movable studs and these two linear movements are combined with one another by means of mechanisms of the rod type (figure 5-a) or with ramp (figure 5-b).
  • the combination of movements is such that at no time during the insertion of the isolation device between the contacts m and f, the latter does not touch the contacts in order to avoid any pollution due to friction.
  • the hollow finger 46 is articulated with the isolation device 43 (or 44) either via a crank 51 (Figure 5-a), or via an element 52 (Figure 5-b) secured to the insulation device 43 and having a ramp 53 which cooperates with a lug 54 secured to the hollow finger 46.
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8 show, in detail, a practical embodiment of the half-switch 30 according to the invention, Figure 6 showing in addition a part of the second half-switch 32 and a control device 54 of the of the two half-switches.
  • the support of the two contact devices and of the insulation device comprises two external plates 55 and 56 which sandwich different internal elements which are shaped to produce the bores 49 for sliding of the contact devices as well as the path 57 for movement of the device of insulation 43.
  • This displacement path 57 extends along the thickness of the plates 55 and 56 by a notch 58 in each plate.
  • the isolation device 43 has the form of an elongated plate, the ends of which are bevelled on the side of each movable stud m so as to progressively engage the inter-stud space during the opening of the electrical contact.
  • the aim of such bevelling is to prevent the contacts from touching the insulation device and to increase the bypass path of a possible electric arc.
  • the width of the plate is slightly larger than the thickness of the half-contactor so as to assemble the plate with the two contact devices by means of four arms, three of which are referenced 51, 51 ′ and 51 ⁇ can be seen in the figures, the fourth being the symmetrical arm of the arm 51 ⁇ with respect to a median plane parallel to the plates 55 and 56.
  • the arms of each pair, 51 and 51 ′ for example, are articulated, on the one hand, on the lateral sides of the plate 43 of the isolation device and, on the hollow finger 46 of the movable contact device m by means of a transverse element 59 which is integral with the finger and which has the same width as the insulation plate.
  • the joints are for example made by screws 60 which are screwed into the plate and the transverse element 59 and which have a smooth part to allow rotation of the arms.
  • the plates 55 and 56 have notches 61 and 62 which have a direction perpendicular to that of the path of movement 57 of the isolation device 43.
  • the outer plates 55 and 56 as well as the inner plates are held together by bolts and nuts such as those referenced 63, 64.
  • the fixed studs f are carried by a bar 65 which is inserted between the plates 55 and 56 and which is fixed on the two inner edge plates.
  • the studs 48 are carried by a bar 66 which is inserted between the plates 55 and 56 and which is fixed to the two inner edge plates.
  • the assembly constituted by the plates 55 and 56, the elements sandwiched between said plates, the two contact devices and the isolation device is carried by four legs 67 to 70 which are, for example, fixed to said assembly by means of threaded heads extending outwards the fixed studs f and the metal elements 48 and d 'nuts 71.
  • These tabs can be metallic and can then be used to make the electrical connections 72 and 73 with the high voltage generator and the X-ray tubes respectively as will be described below in relation to FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • These tabs can also be made of insulating material, the electrical connections then being made directly on the threaded heads of the fixed studs f and of the metallic elements 48.
  • the control device 54 of the two half-switches 30 and 32 comprises, for example, a rigid tongue 74 which carries two lugs 75 and 76 and a transverse groove 77 and a rotary rod 78 which cooperates with the groove 77 by an eccentric lug 79 , this rod being terminated by a crank 83.
  • the lug 75 comes to engage, for example, in a blind hole 81 of the plate of the insulation device 44 while the lug 76 comes to engage in a blind hole 82 of the isolation device plate 43.
  • the two half-switches 30 and 32 and their control device 54 are placed in a box 84 and fixed, for example, on the bottom 85 by means of the legs 67 to 70.
  • This box is closed at its upper opening by a cover 86 which serves to support the rotary rod 78, the crank 83 being outside the box, and to female parts of connectors including the male parts, not shown in the figures 9 and 10, are connected to the high voltage generator 15 and to tubes A and B to X-rays.
  • the female parts of the connectors are referenced 87 and 88 for those connected to the high-voltage generator and 89 to 92 for those connected to X-ray tubes and have the form of sleeves in which come fit the male parts.
  • These sleeves end inside the box 84 with metal studs 93 to which the connecting conductors (99) are connected with the fixed studs f for the high voltage coming from the high voltage generator and with the metallic elements 48 for the high voltage applied to X-ray tubes.
  • the box 84 is waterproof and contains dry air, but can be filled with an insulating fluid so as to improve the bypass insulation, the direct insulation being obtained by the polymers with high dielectric strength which constitute the various elements.
  • switch insulators These insulating elements are made of materials of the polymer type such as polyethylene, polypropylene or others.
  • the only metallic elements are the tabs such as that referenced 67, the fixed studs f and the nuts 71, the movable studs m, the springs 47 and the metallic elements 48 with the nuts 71.
  • the operation of the switch according to the invention is as follows; the rotation of the crank 83 in the direction of the arrow 94 rotates the rod 78 and the lug 79 in the same direction (arrow 95) so that the tongue 74 moves to the right (arrow 96) and so is likewise the plates of the isolation devices 43 and 44.
  • the arms such as those referenced 51, 51 ′ and 51 ⁇ rotate in the direction indicated by the arrows 97 so that the movable contact device m on the right of each half switch gradually moves away from the stud fixed f while the movable contact device m on the left comes into progressive contact with the fixed stud f.
  • each insulation device is interposed between the two studs which move apart but leave the space of the two studs which come into contact.
  • Each plate thus provides insulation between the two studs which move away while allowing electrical contact between the two studs which approach.
  • the invention has been described with fixed pads f connected to the high voltage generator and movable pads m connected to the X-ray tubes to be supplied, but the switch can be used in reverse, that is to say the fixed pads f connected to the tubes and the mobile studs m connected to the generator.
  • insulating material with high electrical rigidity which corresponds to a breakdown voltage of the order of several tens of kilovolts per millimeter.
  • This insulating material is preferably a polymer such as polyethylene or polypropylene.

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Hochspannungsschalter mit linearer Bewegung, um eine Hochspannung entweder an eine erste Röntgenstrahlröhre (A) oder an eine zweite Röntgenstrahlröhre (B) anzulegen, mit zwei identischen Halbschaltern (32, 30), wobei jeder Halbschalter zwei Eingangsanschlüsse und zwei Ausgangsanschlüsse aufweist und wobei jeder Eingangsanschluß mit einem einzigen Ausgangsanschluß über eine Kontaktvorrichtung verbunden ist, welche ein feststehendes Kontaktstück (f) sowie ein bewegliches Kontaktstück (m) enthält, das sich in einer linearen Bewegung so verstellt, daß es mit dem feststehenden Kontaktstück (f) in Berührung tritt oder sich von diesem entfernt, wobei die lineare Bewegung der beiden beweglichen Kontaktstücke (m) eines Halbschalters aufgrund der linearen Verstellung einer Isolierungsvorrichtung (43, 44) in einer zur Bewegung der beweglichen Kontaktstücke (m) senkrechten Richtung erhalten wird, wobei jeder Halbschalter dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die Isolierungsvorrichtung (43, 44) mit den beiden beweglichen Kontaktstücken (m) so zusammenwirkt, daß in einer ersten Stellung der Isolierungsvorrichtung eine erste Kontaktvorrichtung geöffnet ist, während die zweite geschlossen ist, und daß in einer zweiten Stellung der Isolierungsvorrichtung die erste Kontaktvorrichtung geschlossen ist, während die zweite geöffnet ist, wobei die einander gegenüberliegenden Kontaktstücke jeder geöffneten Kontaktvorrichtung durch eine Platte aus einem Isoliermaterial getrennt sind, welche die Isolierungsvorrichtung bildet.
  2. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Isolierungsvorrichtung aus einer isolierenden Platte gebildet ist, deren in Längsrichtung verlaufende Enden so abgeschrägt sind, daß sie ohne Reibung in den Raum zwischen dem feststehenden Kontaktstück und dem beweglichen Kontaktstück eingreifen.
  3. Schalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Isolierungsvorrichtungen (43, 44) eines Schalters mittels einer Steuervorrichtung (54) synchron verstellt werden.
  4. Schalter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuervorrichtung (54) eine starre Zunge oder Stange (74) aufweist, welche an den beiden Isolierungsvorrichtungen (43, 44) befestigt ist, wobei die Stange (74) in Abhängigkeit von der zu versorgenden Röntgenröhre in die eine oder die andere Richtung verstellt wird.
  5. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) jeder Kontaktvorrichtung eines Halbschalters (30 oder 32) mit der Isolierungsvorrichtung (44 oder 43) durch wenigstens einen Arm verbunden ist, dessen Enden jeweils um Achsen schwenken, von denen eine von dem beweglichen Kontaktstück und die andere von der Isolierungsvorrichtung getragen ist.
  6. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) jeder Kontaktvorrichtung eines Halbschalters (30 oder 32) mit der Isolierungsvorrichtung (44 oder 43) mittels eines fest mit dem beweglichen Kontaktstück (m) verbundenen Bolzens (54) und mittels eines Elements (52) zusammenwirkt, das fest mit der Isolierungsvorrichtung verbunden ist und eine an dem Bolzen angreifende Rampe (53) aufweist.
  7. Schalter nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) jeder Kontaktvorrichtung einen Stift (46) aufweist, der in einer Bohrung (49) gleitet, wobei das Ende des Stiftes das mit dem feststehenden Kontaktstück (f) in Berührung tretende Kontaktteil (45) trägt, während die Basis des Stiftes mit einem Metallelement (48) zusammenwirkt, welches mit einem Ausgangsanschluß über eine Metallfeder (47) verbunden ist, die einerseits ein Drücken des Stiftes (46) in Richtung zum feststehenden Kontaktstück und andererseits die elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Kontaktteil und dem Metallelement bewirkt.
  8. Schalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stift (46) aus einem Isoliermaterial besteht und hohl ist, um als Aufnahme für die Feder (47) zu dienen, die im Inneren des Stiftes mit dem Kontaktteil (45) in Berührung tritt.
  9. Schalter nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Kontaktvorrichtungen jedes Halbschalters (30 oder 32) von zwei starren, isolierenden Platten (55, 56) getragen sind, die zwischen sich einen von einem Isoliermaterial ausgefüllten Innenraum abgrenzen.
  10. Schalter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden isolierenden Trägerplatten (55, 56) Aussparungen (58, 61) für den Durchgang und die Verstellung der Isolierungsvorrichtung (43, 44) und für den Durchgang und die Verstellung eines Verbindungsteils (59) zur Verbindung des beweglichen Kontaktstücks (m) mit der Isolierungsvorrichtung (43, 44) aufweisen.
  11. Schalter nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die feststehenden Kontaktstücke (f) mit den Hochspannungseingangsanschlüssen verbunden sind, während die beweglichen Kontaktstücke (m) mit Eingangsanschlüssen der ersten und der zweiten Röntgenstrahlenröhre verbunden sind.
  12. Schalter nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beweglichen Kontaktstücke (m) mit Hochspannungsanschlüssen verbunden sind, während die feststehenden Eingangs-Kontaktstücke (f) mit Eingangsanschlüssen der ersten und der zweiten Röntgenstrahlenröhre verbunden sind.
  13. Schalter nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verschiedenen Elemente mit Ausnahme der die Kontakte bildenden Elemente aus einem Polymer bestehen.
  14. Schalter nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Polymer ein Polyethylen oder ein Polypropylen ist.
EP92400331A 1991-02-08 1992-02-07 Hochspannungshalter mit lineairer Bewegung Expired - Lifetime EP0498738B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9101441A FR2672726B1 (fr) 1991-02-08 1991-02-08 Commutateur haute tension a mouvement lineaire.
FR9101441 1991-02-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0498738A1 EP0498738A1 (de) 1992-08-12
EP0498738B1 true EP0498738B1 (de) 1995-03-22

Family

ID=9409498

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92400331A Expired - Lifetime EP0498738B1 (de) 1991-02-08 1992-02-07 Hochspannungshalter mit lineairer Bewegung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5197604A (de)
EP (1) EP0498738B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3294307B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69201737T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2672726B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2700657B1 (fr) * 1993-01-15 1995-02-17 Gen Electric Cgr Ensemble radiogène.
US5525769A (en) * 1994-05-16 1996-06-11 General Electric Company Inverter cut-out switch
SE9901150D0 (sv) * 1999-03-30 1999-03-30 Asea Brown Boveri A switching device and the use thereof
CN105632804A (zh) * 2014-10-31 2016-06-01 通用电气公司 开关装置及具有该开关装置的功率传递和分配系统

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1833173A (en) * 1928-07-10 1931-11-24 Metropolitan Device Corp Circuit breaking apparatus
FR2385216A1 (fr) * 1977-03-25 1978-10-20 Stopcircuit Sa Interrupteur-disjoncteur miniaturise
DE2829860A1 (de) * 1978-07-07 1980-01-17 Hartmann & Braun Ag Elektrischer schalter mit einander gegenueberliegenden schaltkontakten
DE3041634A1 (de) * 1980-11-05 1982-06-09 Fritz Driescher Spezialfabrik für Elektrizitätswerksbedarf, 5144 Wegberg Mittelspannungs-lasttrennschalter
FR2597206B1 (fr) * 1986-04-15 1988-06-17 Thomson Cgr Dispositif de fixation et de reglage d'un mandrin porteur de bobines de gradient
FR2601579A1 (fr) * 1986-07-18 1988-01-22 Thomson Cgr Lit d'examen, notamment pour appareil de rmn ou de tomodensitometrie.
FR2623996A1 (fr) * 1987-12-08 1989-06-09 Thomson Csf Dispositif de surveillance du patient dans un appareil d'examen medical
DE3802623A1 (de) * 1988-01-29 1989-08-10 Gen Electric Cgr Deutschland G Hochspannungsgenerator
FR2643534B1 (fr) * 1989-02-02 1993-09-17 Gen Electric Cgr Dispositif d'alimentation haute tension pour tube a rayons x
FR2655231B1 (fr) * 1989-11-24 1992-02-14 Gen Electric Cgr Bloc haute tension pour tube a rayons x avec cuve de refroidissement integree au circuit secondaire.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69201737D1 (de) 1995-04-27
FR2672726A1 (fr) 1992-08-14
JPH05114334A (ja) 1993-05-07
EP0498738A1 (de) 1992-08-12
US5197604A (en) 1993-03-30
JP3294307B2 (ja) 2002-06-24
DE69201737T2 (de) 1995-07-13
FR2672726B1 (fr) 1996-09-13

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