EP0498739B1 - Ein-, Aus- und Umschaltvorrichtung für hohe Spannungen - Google Patents
Ein-, Aus- und Umschaltvorrichtung für hohe Spannungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0498739B1 EP0498739B1 EP92400332A EP92400332A EP0498739B1 EP 0498739 B1 EP0498739 B1 EP 0498739B1 EP 92400332 A EP92400332 A EP 92400332A EP 92400332 A EP92400332 A EP 92400332A EP 0498739 B1 EP0498739 B1 EP 0498739B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- contacts
- high voltage
- mobile
- sleeve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/06—Insulating body insertable between contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
- H05G1/56—Switching-on; Switching-off
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
- Y10T74/18992—Reciprocating to reciprocating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
- Y10T74/20012—Multiple controlled elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to high voltage switches and, more particularly, those which are used to alternately supply at least two x-ray tubes from a single high voltage generator.
- X-ray tubes for medical diagnosis for example, are generally constituted (FIG. 1) like a diode, that is to say with a cathode 11 and an anode 12 or anti-cathode, these two electrodes being enclosed in a envelope 14 vacuum tight and which allows for electrical isolation between these two electrodes.
- the cathode 11 produces an electron beam 13 and the anode receives these electrons over a small surface which constitutes a focal point from which the X-rays are emitted.
- the rotary anode of the conventional type has the general shape of a disc having an axis of symmetry 16 around which it is rotated by means of an electric motor 17; the electric motor has a stator 18 located outside the envelope 14 and a rotor 19 mounted in the envelope 14 of the X-ray tube and arranged along the axis of symmetry 16, the rotor being mechanically secured to the anode via a support shaft 20.
- the high voltage generator 15 which supplies between the terminals -HT and + HT a voltage of between 50 and 160 kilovolts, is an important, bulky and expensive element of an X-ray device. Also, in radiology installations comprising several X-ray tubes, provision is made to use only one high voltage generator which is connected to the various X-ray tubes by means of a high voltage switch, the basic diagram is given by FIG. 2 in the case of a switch 21 for supplying two tubes A and B. It comprises two input terminals 22 and 23 connected respectively to the terminals + HT and -HT of the high generator voltage and two pairs of output terminals 24, 25 and 26, 27 respectively connected to tubes A and B.
- the switching is carried out by two rotary arms 28 and 29 connected on one side (pads 22 ′ and 23 ′) respectively input terminals 22 and 23 and the other is at output terminals 24 and 25 (pads 24 ′ and 25 ′) for a first position of the arms (supply of tube A), or at the output terminals 26 and 27 (pads 26 ′ and 27 ′) for a second position of the arms (supply of tube B).
- the distances separating the different pads are large enough to avoid conduction by electric arc.
- the distances should be of the order of several centimeters, for example 15 centimeters for 150 kilovolts, which leads to switches of large dimensions and therefore very bulky.
- US-A-2,714,144 describes a switch device according to the preamble of claim 1 in which a movable contact, mounted on an elastic arm is separated from a fixed contact by the rotation of an insulating element which slides against the face of the movable contact so as to move the latter and to be inserted between the two contacts.
- Such a switch device of the prior art has the major drawback that the spacing and bringing together of the contacts is obtained by contact and friction of the insulating element against the movable contact, which causes rapid wear of this movable contact and of the insulating element.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to produce a high voltage switch device in which the spacing and the approximation of the movable contact relative to the fixed contact is effected without friction on the movable or fixed contact.
- the invention therefore relates to a high-voltage switch device comprising a fixed stud and a movable stud which are arranged opposite one another, the movable stud being mounted at one end of an elastic curved blade which is mobile in the direction of the fixed stud while the other end is fixed, and means for isolating and moving the mobile end of the blade so that, in a first position, the movable stud comes into contact with the fixed stud while in a second position, the movable stud is distant from the fixed stud and is separated from the latter by an element of insulating material, characterized in that the means of insulation and displacement comprise means for displacing in a coordinated manner, on the one hand, the movable end of the curved blade in a longitudinal direction relative to the blade and, on the other hand, the element of insulating material between the fixed pad and the movable pad, without contact with said pads.
- the element of insulating material comprises a sleeve of insulating material, the wall of which has an orifice, for the passage of the movable stud, said sleeve being mounted to rotate around a fixed circular element.
- the sleeve is connected to the conductive and elastic blade by an articulated arm, the end of which is guided by a slot in said circular element which is arranged parallel to the conductive and elastic blade, so that the rotation of the sleeve in one direction moves the longitudinal movable stud to come into contact with the fixed stud crossing the wall of the sleeve through the orifice of the wall while the rotation in the opposite direction moves the mobile contact away from the fixed contact and interposes the wall of the sleeve between the two studs.
- a high voltage switch for applying or not applying a high voltage (+ HT, -HT) to a device for use such as an X-ray tube is characterized in that it comprises two switch devices described above, the pads of which of the same type are connected one to high voltage + HT and the other to high voltage -HT while the pads of the other type are connected to the device of use and a device for controlling the synchronous rotation of the isolation and displacement means.
- a high voltage switch for applying a high voltage (+ HT, -HT) either to a first use device such as a first X-ray tube, or to a second use device such as a second tube high voltage -HT and whose movable pads are connected in pairs to the first and second use devices and a device for controlling the rotation in synchronism of the isolation and displacement means for, in a first position, establishing the contact between the pads of the switch devices associated with the first use device while the pads of the switch devices associated with the second use device are open and, in a second position, establish contact between the pads of the switch devices associated with the second device of use while the pads of the switch devices associated with the first use device are open.
- a switch according to the invention comprises (FIG. 3) a housing 31 which serves as a support for the various switching elements proper and for the various electrical connectors for input and output of the high voltage.
- the electrical connectors 32 to 37 comprise two input connectors 32 and 33 which are respectively connected to the two poles + HT and -HT of the high voltage generator 15 (FIG. 1) and four output connectors 34 to 37 which are connected to the terminals d 'high voltage input of tubes A and B X-ray.
- each connector is constituted by a female part, shown in Figures 3 and 4, in which fits a male part, not shown, which is connected by a cable either to the high-voltage generator or to the x-ray tubes.
- Each female part 32 ′ to 37 ′ has the shape of a circular section sleeve, made of insulating material, comprising an open end for the interlocking of the male part and a closed end which carries electrical studs 39.
- each sleeve has an external flange, referenced 33c and 37c for the connectors 33 and 37, which rests on the edge of a circular orifice drilled in the cover 38 of the housing 31 so that the electrical studs are located inside the housing.
- An electrical pad 39 of the input connector 32 is connected, for example, to two fixed contacts 34f and 35f ( Figure 7) associated respectively with the output connectors 34 and 35 while an electrical pad 39 of the input connector 33 is connected to the two other fixed contacts 36f and 37f ( Figure 7) associated respectively with the output connectors 36 and 37.
- the fixed contacts 34f, 35f, 36f and 37f are carried by a rigid strip 40 secured to one of the walls of the housing 31.
- Each fixed contact 34f to 37f is disposed respectively opposite a movable contact 34m to 37m carried by a contact device 34d to 37d which is mounted on the electrical pads 39 of each female part 34 ′ to 37′ of a connector of exit 34 to 37.
- each movable contact device 34d to 37d comprises a sleeve 41, made of insulating material, of circular cross section whose inner wall has two shoulders 50 and 51 separated by a distance b against which s 'support two circular pads of insulating material 42 and 43.
- the pad 42 is fixed to the female part by nuts 44 and 45 screwed onto the threaded ends of the electrical pads 46 and 47, respectively.
- the pad 43 is fixed to the pad 42 by means of spacers and screws such as those referenced 48 and 49 in the figure 5-a. The length of the spacers is equal to the distance b between the shoulders 50 and 51, which allows the sleeve 41 to rotate around the pellets 42 and 43.
- the movable contact m is disposed between the two pads 42 and 43 and is carried by a blade 52 at one end, the other end of said blade being fixed to the electrical pad 47 which must apply the high voltage to the tube.
- This blade 52 made of conductive metal, has a straight portion 53 which runs along the pad 43 and a curved portion 54, near the pad 47, which is flexible in the direction of the movable contact m and vice versa.
- the displacement of the movable contact m is obtained by an arm 55, one end of which is fixed to the blade 52 and the other end of which is fixed to the sleeve 41.
- the fixing to the blade 52 is carried out by means of a notch 56 which is parallel to the blade so as to serve as a guide and the attachment to the sleeve 41 is carried out by a screw 57 passing through a notch formed in the wall of the sleeve.
- the wall of the sleeve 41 has a notch 58 at the level of the space separating the two pads 42 and 43.
- the position of this notch 58 on the periphery of the sleeve and its length are such that they allow the blade 52 to pass so that the contact m comes to abut on the fixed contact f for the position of the sleeve and of the arm 55 shown in FIGS. 5-b and 6-b; in this position, the end of the blade 52, on the movable contact side m, abuts on the edge of the notch, which stops the rotation of the sleeve 41 and, consequently, the movement of the movable contact towards the fixed contact.
- the position of the other edge of the notch is determined by the length of the movement made by the contact movable in its withdrawal movement with respect to the length of the distance which diametrically separates the fixed contact from the inside of the wall of the sleeve: when these two lengths are equal, the wall of the sleeve can be interposed between the movable contact and fixed contact and constitutes a very effective insulation.
- the wall of the sleeve In the position of the movable contact furthest from the fixed contact (figures 5-a and 6-a), the wall of the sleeve must separate the two contacts; if the rotational movement of the sleeve is continued beyond, the movable contact approaches the fixed contact and abuts against the internal wall of the sleeve, which stops its movement.
- FIG. 7 shows the respective positions of the sleeves and of the contacts of the switch according to the invention in the case of the alternating supply of two X-ray tubes A and B as well as the position of the device for controlling the rotation of the sleeves.
- the contact devices 35d and 37d are shown in the closed position while the contact devices 34d and 36d are shown in the open position such that the wall of the sleeve 41 is interposed between the two contacts.
- the device for controlling the rotation of the four sleeves is constituted by a rigid bar 60 in insulating material which is intended to move longitudinally from left to right (arrow 61) and from right to left under the action of a rod 62 of insulating material with rotary movement which carries a lug 64 cooperating with a groove 63 of the bar 60.
- the bar 60 has grooves or notches 65 to 68 in a direction parallel to the flexible blades 52 which cooperate respectively with lugs 69 to 71 carried respectively by the periphery of the sleeves 34d to 37d.
- the high voltage switch shows that it consists of four high voltage switch devices which each independently carry out the closing or opening of the facing contacts, the space separating the contacts in position d opening being occupied by the insulating wall of the sleeve.
- a bipolar switch can then be produced using two switch devices, one switch device per pole.
- insulating material with high electrical rigidity, rigidity which corresponds to a breakdown voltage of several tens of kilovolts per millimeter.
- This insulating material is preferably a polymer such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the elements referenced 80 and 81 are electrical conductors which are used for the electrical supply of the filament of the cathode of the tube with X-ray tube.
Landscapes
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
Claims (8)
- Unterbrecheranordnung für Hochspannung, mit einem feststehenden Kontaktstück (f) und einem beweglichen Kontaktstück (m), die einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, wobei das bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) an einem Ende einer gebogenen, leitenden und elastischen Lamelle (52) angeordnet ist, die in Richtung des feststehenden Kontaktstücks (f) beweglich ist, während ihr anderes Ende feststeht, mit einer Anordnung (41, 42, 43, 55) zur Isolierung und zur Verschiebung des beweglichen Endes der Lamelle (52), derart, daß in einer ersten Stellung das bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) das feststehende Kontaktstück (f) berührt und daß in einer zweiten Stellung das bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) vom feststehenden Kontaktstück (f) entfernt ist und von diesem durch ein Teil aus isolierendem Material getrennt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anordnung zur Isolierung und zur Verschiebung eine Anordnung aufweist, um in koordinierender Weise einerseits das bewegliche Ende der gebogenen Lamelle (52) in eine Längsrichtung bezüglich der Lamelle zu verschieben und, andererseits, das Teil aus isolierendem Material zwischen das feststehende Kontaktstück (f) und das bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) zu verschieben, ohne diese beiden Kontaktstücke zu berühren.
- Unterbrecheranordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß- das Teil aus isolierendem Material eine Buchse (41) aus einem isolierenden Material aufweist, deren Wand eine Öffnung (58) zur Aufnahme des beweglichen Kontaktstückes aufweist, wobei die Buchse (41) drehbar um ein feststehendes kreisförmiges Teil (42, 43) angeordnet ist,- die Buchse (41) mit der leitenden und elastischen Lamelle (52) über einen angelenkten Arm (55) verbunden ist, dessen Ende in einem Spalt (56) des kreisförmigen Teils geführt wird, der parallel zur leitenden und elastischen Lamelle (52) derart angeordnet ist, daß die Verdrehung der Buchse (41) in einer Richtung das bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) in Längsrichtung verschiebt, so daß es das feststehende Kontaktstück (f) berührt, indem es die Öffnung (58) in der Wand der Buchse durchsetzt und daß die Verdrehung in entgegengesetzter Richtung das bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) vom feststehenden Kontaktstück (f) entfernt und die Wand der Buchse zwischen die beiden Kontaktstücke bringt.
- Unterbrecheranordnung nach Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Teile mit Ausnahme derjenigen, die zur elektrischen Leitung beitragen, aus einem isolierenden Material mit einem hohen dielektrischen Wert bestehen.
- Unterbrecheranordnung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das isolierende Material ein Polymer ist.
- Unterbrecheranordnung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Polymer ein Polyethylen oder ein Polypropylen ist.
- Umschalter für Hochspannung zum Anlegen oder nicht einer Hochspannung +HT, -HT an einen Verbraucher, wie z.B. eine Röntgenröhre, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er zwei Unterbrecheranordnungen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 aufweist, von deren Kontaktstücken des einen Typs (m oder f) eines mit der Hochspannung +HT und das andere mit der Hochspannung -HT verbunden sind, während die Kontaktstücke des anderen Typs (f oder m) mit dem Verbraucher und mit einer Steueranordnung (60, 62) für die synchrone Verdrehung der Anordnung für die Isolierung und die Verschiebung verbunden sind.
- Umschalter für Hochspannung zum Anlegen einer Hochspannung +HT, -HT entweder an einen ersten Verbraucher, wie z.B. eine erste Röntgenröhre oder einen zweiten Verbraucher, wie z.B. eine zweite Röntgenröhre, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er vier Unterbrecheranordnungen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 aufweist, deren feststehende Kontaktstücke (f) paarweise mit der Hochspannung +HT und mit der Hochspannung -HT verbunden sind und deren bewegliche Kontaktstücke (m) paarweise mit dem ersten und dem zweiten Verbraucher und mit einer Anordnung (60, 62) zur synchronen Steuerung der Verdrehung der Anordnung zur Isolierung und zur Verschiebung verbunden sind, um in einer ersten Stellung den Kontakt zwischen den Kontaktstücken der dem ersten Verbraucher zugeordneten Unterbrecheranordnungen herzustellen, während die Kontaktstücke der dem zweiten Verbraucher zugeordneten Unterbrecheranordnungen geöffnet sind und um in einer zweiten Stellung den Kontakt zwischen den Kontaktstücken der dem zweiten Verbraucher zugeordneten Unterbrecheranordnungen herzustellen, während die Kontaktstücke der dem ersten Verbraucher zugeordneten Unterbrecheranordnungen geöffnet sind.
- Umschalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes bewegliche Kontaktstück (m) mit einem Ausgangsanschluß verbunden ist, der mit einem Verbraucher verbunden ist, an dem die Anordnung zur Isolierung und zur Verschiebung vorgesehen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9101442A FR2672727B1 (fr) | 1991-02-08 | 1991-02-08 | Dispositif interrupteur haute tension et commutateur haute tension. |
FR9101442 | 1991-02-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0498739A1 EP0498739A1 (de) | 1992-08-12 |
EP0498739B1 true EP0498739B1 (de) | 1995-09-20 |
Family
ID=9409499
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92400332A Expired - Lifetime EP0498739B1 (de) | 1991-02-08 | 1992-02-07 | Ein-, Aus- und Umschaltvorrichtung für hohe Spannungen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5224592A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0498739B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69204864T2 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2672727B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2700657B1 (fr) * | 1993-01-15 | 1995-02-17 | Gen Electric Cgr | Ensemble radiogène. |
CN100555494C (zh) * | 2006-07-17 | 2009-10-28 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | 高压自动转换开关 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2714144A (en) * | 1953-04-22 | 1955-07-26 | Mcgraw Electric Co | Circuit interrupter |
FR1282733A (fr) * | 1960-12-17 | 1962-01-27 | Appareil interrupteur pour la coupure en charge du courant électrique | |
US3140374A (en) * | 1962-09-20 | 1964-07-07 | Fred H Cole | Circuit breaker interrupter |
US3235696A (en) * | 1963-07-31 | 1966-02-15 | Mc Graw Edison Co | Load break disconnecting device with solid nonconducting arc suppression means |
DE1804661B2 (de) * | 1968-10-23 | 1971-10-21 | Hochspannungs dreh lasttrennschalter | |
DD126781A1 (de) * | 1976-07-26 | 1977-08-10 | ||
CH662442A5 (de) * | 1983-12-12 | 1987-09-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Druckgasschalter. |
FR2597206B1 (fr) * | 1986-04-15 | 1988-06-17 | Thomson Cgr | Dispositif de fixation et de reglage d'un mandrin porteur de bobines de gradient |
FR2601579A1 (fr) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-01-22 | Thomson Cgr | Lit d'examen, notamment pour appareil de rmn ou de tomodensitometrie. |
FR2623996A1 (fr) * | 1987-12-08 | 1989-06-09 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif de surveillance du patient dans un appareil d'examen medical |
FR2643534B1 (fr) * | 1989-02-02 | 1993-09-17 | Gen Electric Cgr | Dispositif d'alimentation haute tension pour tube a rayons x |
FR2655231B1 (fr) * | 1989-11-24 | 1992-02-14 | Gen Electric Cgr | Bloc haute tension pour tube a rayons x avec cuve de refroidissement integree au circuit secondaire. |
-
1991
- 1991-02-08 FR FR9101442A patent/FR2672727B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-02-07 US US07/832,477 patent/US5224592A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-07 DE DE69204864T patent/DE69204864T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-07 EP EP92400332A patent/EP0498739B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69204864D1 (de) | 1995-10-26 |
FR2672727A1 (fr) | 1992-08-14 |
US5224592A (en) | 1993-07-06 |
DE69204864T2 (de) | 1996-05-23 |
FR2672727B1 (fr) | 1993-04-16 |
EP0498739A1 (de) | 1992-08-12 |
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