EP0497944A1 - Materiau pour palier et procede pour sa fabrication. - Google Patents

Materiau pour palier et procede pour sa fabrication.

Info

Publication number
EP0497944A1
EP0497944A1 EP91914474A EP91914474A EP0497944A1 EP 0497944 A1 EP0497944 A1 EP 0497944A1 EP 91914474 A EP91914474 A EP 91914474A EP 91914474 A EP91914474 A EP 91914474A EP 0497944 A1 EP0497944 A1 EP 0497944A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bearing material
alloy
melt
weight
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91914474A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0497944B1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Mergen
Erich Hodes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Glyco Metall Werke Glyco BV and Co KG
Original Assignee
Glyco AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glyco AG filed Critical Glyco AG
Publication of EP0497944A1 publication Critical patent/EP0497944A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0497944B1 publication Critical patent/EP0497944B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal

Definitions

  • materials for plain bearings should have a combination of numerous strong properties, such as adaptation to the geometry of the friction partner, resistance to lubricants, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, favorable coefficient of friction, increased flow resistance, high alternating load resistance, good heat resistance, safe emergency running properties, good binding to a carrier, in particular to steel support shells, and the reproducibility of these properties even in series production and the simplest possible manufacture. So far, it has always been necessary to make compromises with this multitude of requirements and accept disadvantages either with regard to certain mechanical properties or with regard to the sliding properties.
  • a known process principle for the production of bearing materials is that of the layer composites, in which the sum of the individual material layers should result in the totality of the desired material properties.
  • these composites consist of a steel support shell, a bearing metal layer and a sliding layer, with additional thin layers with specific properties, such as diffusion barrier layers or bond improvement layers, often being added.
  • the production of such layer composites is relatively complex in terms of process technology.
  • DE-OS 2241628 describes a similar method for spraying molten metal droplets onto the bearing material of a composite for plain bearings.
  • the disadvantages set out above for composites apply, since the monotectic system only serves as a sliding layer.
  • the bearing materials obtained in this way by no means have the desired combination of properties.
  • the object on which the invention is based was therefore to obtain bearing materials with improved mechanical properties that can be produced in the simplest possible process without sacrificing the sliding properties.
  • the bearing material according to the invention is characterized in that it consists of a matrix made of a metal alloy, which forms a monotectic system with Pb-based materials, and therein dispersed, essentially spherical soft phases made of a Pb-based material that the concentration of the soft phases in the matrix increases towards a surface of the bearing material.
  • the concentration of the soft phases in the matrix preferably increases continuously towards the surface of the bearing materials.
  • This bearing material which can either be self-supporting in the form of a solid material or a composite material as a layer on a substrate, thus has both the bearing metal layer with an excellent combination of properties and the sliding layer with excellent sliding properties, both layers according to the invention can be produced in one operation.
  • the process according to the invention for the production of these bearing materials is characterized in that a melt containing alloy components, which form a monotectic system with Pb-based materials, as well as alloy components which form a Pb-based material pours onto a substrate and adjusts the material thickness, the cooling conditions and the composition of the melt in such a way that the Pb-based material separates from the rest of the melt in the liquid state under gravity and in a dispersive manner in the lower region of the material concentrated.
  • the method according to the invention makes targeted use of this gravitational segregation effect of monotectic systems in order to produce the bearing metal layer and the sliding layer in one operation.
  • monotectic systems these are those which tend to separate in the liquid state.
  • the bearing metal layer and the sliding layer can be obtained in a single operation and this can be done by direct pouring onto a conventional carrier, such as a steel carrier, the entire composite material can be obtained in a single casting process.
  • a conventional carrier such as a steel carrier
  • the manufacturing process is therefore very simplified compared to known processes. At the same time, you get an optimal combination of properties in the bearing material.
  • the area closest to the substrate consists essentially of the matrix material with only small, small-scale deposits of the Pb base material, so that this area essentially has the properties of the matrix alloy.
  • a suitable combination of the alloying elements can essentially provide an optimal combination of the mechanical and other properties for the matrix material that you want to have with a bearing metal layer.
  • the Pb-based material collects in the liquid state under gravity due to its higher specific weight in the lower region of the cast melt, smaller Pb-based material particles flow together to form larger spherical particles and because this lower region serves as a sliding layer in the finished bearing material, this sliding layer essentially consists of spherical soft phases embedded in the matrix alloy, which give this sliding layer excellent sliding properties.
  • the sinking rate of the droplets of the Pb base material separated in the liquid state depends, as mentioned, on the one hand on the difference in density compared to the surrounding medium, on the viscosity of the surrounding medium and the droplet size.
  • the viscosity in turn depends on the temperature. Since, as also mentioned above, the sinking droplets grow on the sinking section by growing together with other droplets, the increasing the sinking section, i. H. with increasing material thickness, the capture cross section of the droplets and their coarsening. Material thickness, cooling conditions and composition of the melt, which in turn is responsible for the difference in density, must therefore be coordinated in individual cases by series tests in order to achieve optimum properties for the material thickness required by the user.
  • the matrix alloy expediently contains A) Al, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, Si or Cu and additionally B) at least one of the elements from the group Be, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, b, Mo, Si, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Al and Li as well as C) at least one of the elements from the group Na, Ca, Co, N, B, Sr, Cd, In, Ag, Sn, Sb, Te , Bi, Pb, Tl and W, the elements B) and C) each being different from the element A) used as the base metal.
  • the preferred base metal of the matrix alloy is aluminum, so that the preferred bearing materials according to the invention contain aluminum and lead as basic components.
  • All elements B) are preferred together in an amount of 0.5 to 15, preferably in an amount of 2 to 10% by weight and elements C) together in an amount of 0.5 to 10, preferably in an amount of Contain 2 to 6 wt .-%, these weight percentages are each based on the weight of the matrix alloy alone without the soft phases contained.
  • Each of the elements B) and C) is in the matrix alloy in an amount of 0.5 to 6 wt .-%, preferably in an amount of 2 to 4 wt .-%, based on the weight of the matrix Alloy alone without the soft phases contained.
  • the soft phases are either elemental lead or an alloy with lead as the base metal, i. H. as the main component.
  • the soft phases are expediently present in an amount of 2 to 40, preferably 4 to 30,% by weight, based on the total weight of the bearing material.
  • the soft phases can contain Bi, Sn and / or In as further main components, preferably in an amount based on the weight of the soft phases of up to 50% by weight, particularly from 0.5 to 30% by weight .
  • the soft phases consist of an alloy based on lead, they advantageously also contain at least one of the elements Ag, As, Cd, Sb, K, Li, Na, Bi, Ca, Ce, Se and Te as alloying elements.
  • the elements from this group, based on the weight of the Pb base material are preferably present together in an amount of up to 14% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 7% by weight, each of these elements based on the weight of the Pb base material is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 4% by weight.
  • the thickness of the area poor in soft phases and the area rich in soft phases can be adjusted very differently depending on the coordination of the procedural measures. As It has been found to be useful for plain bearings, however, that in the bearing material according to the invention the area which contains a maximum of 10% by weight, based on the weight of this area in a certain area, which contains soft phases, accounts for 5 to 50% of the thickness of the entire bearing material .
  • solid particles are, for example, hard materials such as metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal oxycarbides, Metal oxynitrides or silicates.
  • these embedded solid particles can also be fibers made of inorganic materials, for example.
  • the embedded soft phases have an essentially spherical appearance, which can be seen under the microscope in the case of thin sections of the materials according to the invention. This only says something about the overall shape of the soft phases, although there may also be distortions of this spherical shape or serrations or fraying of the surface.
  • the size of the soft phases is expediently adjusted by coordinating the production conditions, in particular by controlling the rate of descent and the soft phase growth, so that the diameter of the soft phases is a maximum of 250 x 10 ⁇ 6 m, preferably a maximum of 100 x 10 " 6 m and the majority of the soft phases have a diameter of less than 5 x 10 "6 m. In the case of deformed spherical soft phases, this means the largest diameter of the respective soft phase.
  • the extent of the increase in gravity desired according to the invention ie the separation of the Pb base material, the concentration of the Pb base material in the lower region and the soft phase growth can be controlled by regulating the rate of cooling, preferably with the aid of cooling aids and / or Control with the help of pouring speed.
  • the Soft phase distribution can be controlled by adjusting the viscosity, which in turn takes place with the aid of adjusting the composition of the melt.
  • the melt can either be poured onto a substrate with which the melt is to be firmly bonded and thus result in a composite material, or the melt can be poured onto a substrate which is subsequently separated off and a Solid material leaves.
  • the bond strength on the substrate can be changed in a targeted manner.
  • a metallic support or support material usually steel, is expediently used as the substrate, optionally with an intermediate layer which improves the bond.
  • the storage unit according to the invention can also be poured on as a direct coating on a semi-finished or finished machine part.
  • the substrate advantageously consists of an iron alloy, usually labeled with the collective term “steels”, such as a steel strip or a layered composite material.
  • a copper-lead alloy such as that of 9 to 25% by weight of Pb, 1 to 11% by weight of Sn, a maximum of 0.7% by weight of Fe, can be used as the intermediate layer which improves the bond, for example on steel.
  • Ni and / or Mn and the rest copper a copper-aluminum alloy, for example from 5 to 8% by weight Al and the rest copper, an aluminum-tin alloy, for example from 0.5 to 1.5% by weight % Cu, 5 to 25% by weight Sn, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight Ni and the remainder AI, an aluminum-zinc alloy, for example composed of 4 to 6% by weight Zn, 3.5 to 3% by weight of Si, a maximum of 2% by weight of Cu, a maximum of 1.5% by weight of Mg and the remainder of AI, or metallic Al, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ti or Be or a binary or use ternary alloy thereof.
  • the substrate such as a steel strip
  • the substrate can be coated on one side or on all sides, for example galvanically, by means of a thermal one, before casting with the melt according to the invention
  • Spraying process by means of pouring, immersion and sintering processes or by means of physical coating processes.
  • Appropriate mechanical, chemical or physical cleaning or other pretreatment is expediently carried out before the application of the intermediate layer and in particular before the melt according to the invention is poured on.
  • the casting of the bearing material can easily be done in a casting mold.
  • the melt can, according to the invention, also be poured onto a substrate, such as a steel strip, from above.
  • the substrate is to remain connected to the bearing material according to the invention as a carrier or support material or as a machine part, which is usually the case, it is favorable for the desired increase in gravity to wet the substrate with the melt from below.
  • a moving strip of carrier material can be poured with the melt used according to the invention from below.
  • the substrate strip can be pulled through the melt, for example with the aid of a roller which dips into the melt and presses the substrate strip into the melt.
  • Another conceivable method is to pass the substrate strip between two rollers and bring it into contact with the melt in front of the roller gap, so that the melt solidifies on the underside of the carrier strip before it leaves the roller gap.
  • the free and / or forced convection currents on the melt surface produce a surface which is curved toward the substrate and which is touched by the moving substrate and thereby wetted.
  • the procedure is such that the convection flows in the melt are generated by thermal gradients and / or by the action of an induction field and controlled by regulating the induction field.
  • the melt used according to the invention can also be fed to the carrier material to be negated via a stepper. If the substrate is to remain bonded to the bearing material according to the invention, it is expedient to adjust the composition of the matrix alloy such that the layer of the carrier material that comes into contact with the melt has favorable effects on the bond strength of the layer composite material produced after solidification, preferably by means of ohmic Connection.
  • the thickness of the bond layer formed during cohesive bond formation is expediently kept small, preferably by short dwell times at higher temperatures.
  • the thickness of the intermetallic bond layer which forms between the substrate and the material according to the invention is advantageously kept low by increasing the formation energy of this layer, which is possible by coordinating the alloy components. Furthermore, the phases forming the bonding layer are expediently kept low in hardness, which can also be achieved by coordinating the alloy components.
  • the resulting composite material had an alloy layer that was almost lead-free in the area close to the substrate and consisted essentially entirely of the matrix ateriai, while in the area on the surface facing away from the substrate there was a high concentration of disperse, essentially spherical eic T-haseno articles .
  • Example 2
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with an aluminum alloy with 13 wt% Pb, 2.6 wt% Ni and 4.3 wt% Fe. By increasing the layer thickness, the cooling conditions in this experiment were such that the soft phase droplets could coarsen considerably and that (Ni, Fe) aluminides appeared. Again, the area adjacent to the substrate was largely free of soft phases, while the area adjacent to the free surface of the alloy, i. H. the lower area during casting was heavily filled with soft phases.
  • the largely soft-phase-free matrix material had a hardness of 100 to 180 HV 0.01.
  • the soft phase area had a hardness of 55 to 95 HV 0.01.
  • Example 2 In accordance with the procedure of Example 1, an aluminum alloy with 12.6% by weight of Pb, 2.9% by weight of Fe, 2.9% by weight of Ni and 1% by weight of Co was cast onto a substrate. In the solidified product there was again a strong concentration of the soft phases in the area of the free surface, i.e. H. the sliding surface. An intermetallic intermediate layer was found in the bonding zone between the area largely free of soft phases and the substrate.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

Un matériau pour palier se compose d'une matrice d'un alliage métallique constituant avec des matériaux à base de plomb un système monotectique, ainsi que de phases ramollissantes essentiellement sphériques qui y sont dispersées et qui consistent en un matériau à base de plomb, de telle sorte que la concentration des phases ramollissantes dans la matrice augmente vers une surface dudit matériau pour palier. Ledit matériau est fabriqué de telle façon que l'on verse une masse fondue qui contient dans son mélange d'une part des composants d'alliage constituant avec des matériaux à base de plomb un système monotectique, et d'autre part des composants d'alliage constituant un matériau à base de plomb, sur un substrat, tout en réglant l'épaisseur du matériau, les conditions de refroidissement et la composition de la masse fondue, de telle sorte que le matériau à base de plomb se sépare en état liquide du reste de la masse fondue sous l'effet de la gravité et se concentre dans la zone inférieure du matériau de manière dispersée.
EP91914474A 1990-08-25 1991-08-19 Materiau pour palier et procede pour sa fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0497944B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4026907A DE4026907A1 (de) 1990-08-25 1990-08-25 Lagerwerkstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE4026907 1990-08-25
PCT/DE1991/000664 WO1992003239A1 (fr) 1990-08-25 1991-08-19 Materiau pour palier et procede pour sa fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0497944A1 true EP0497944A1 (fr) 1992-08-12
EP0497944B1 EP0497944B1 (fr) 1997-01-29

Family

ID=6412906

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91914474A Expired - Lifetime EP0497944B1 (fr) 1990-08-25 1991-08-19 Materiau pour palier et procede pour sa fabrication

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0497944B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05502063A (fr)
AT (1) ATE148379T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9106632A (fr)
DE (2) DE4026907A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992003239A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10610924B2 (en) 2015-07-30 2020-04-07 Zollern Bhw Gleitlager Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device for producing a monotectic alloy

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9103481D0 (en) * 1991-02-20 1991-04-10 T & N Technology Ltd Bearings
JP2901218B2 (ja) * 1992-07-16 1999-06-07 大同メタル工業 株式会社 アルミニウム合金軸受
JP2002060870A (ja) * 2000-08-24 2002-02-28 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd 微細鉛組織を有するＣｕ−Ｐｂ系銅合金及び内燃機関用すべり軸受
JP4573484B2 (ja) * 2001-09-27 2010-11-04 太平洋セメント株式会社 金属−セラミックス複合材料およびその製造方法
AT414128B (de) 2004-08-03 2006-09-15 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Aluminiumlegierung für tribologisch beanspruchte flächen
JP6503393B2 (ja) * 2017-03-08 2019-04-17 大同メタル工業株式会社 摺動材料及びその製造方法、並びに摺動部材及び軸受装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1164116A (en) * 1965-09-20 1969-09-17 Glacier Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to Continuous Casting
GB1259180A (fr) * 1969-12-18 1972-01-05
GB1359486A (en) * 1970-06-20 1974-07-10 Vandervell Products Ltd Methods and apparatus for producing composite metal material
US4909301A (en) * 1988-10-14 1990-03-20 Sundstrand Corporation Method of making a bearing
ES2021906A6 (es) * 1988-11-19 1991-11-16 Glyco Metal Werke Daelen And L Procedimiento y dispositivo para la produccion de un material estratificado para elmentos de deslizamiento.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9203239A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10610924B2 (en) 2015-07-30 2020-04-07 Zollern Bhw Gleitlager Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device for producing a monotectic alloy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1992003239A1 (fr) 1992-03-05
ATE148379T1 (de) 1997-02-15
BR9106632A (pt) 1993-06-01
DE4026907A1 (de) 1992-02-27
JPH05502063A (ja) 1993-04-15
EP0497944B1 (fr) 1997-01-29
DE59108523D1 (de) 1997-03-13

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