EP0496117A2 - Process for the production of a sewing thread with a finishing agent - Google Patents

Abstract

A process is described for the production of a sewing thread, particularly a sewing thread containing synthetic fibres, provided with a finishing agent. In this process, after spinning, a finishing agent is applied to the sewing thread, with the application to the sewing thread of monomers and/or oligomers which undergo ionic and/or radical oligomerisation or polymerisation to develop the finishing agent, and/of the finishing agent itself, and a treatment to produce radicals and/or ions is performed before the application of the monomers, oligomers and/or the finishing agent, simultaneously with the application and/or after the application of the monomers, oligomers and/or the finishing agent.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a sewing thread provided with equipment with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 and a sewing thread with the features of the preamble of patent claim 38.

In order to manufacture sewing thread, e.g. In primary and secondary spinning, in winding, twisting or the like, as well as in actual sewing when using the sewing thread to prevent thread breakage, sewing threads are provided with appropriate equipment, which is also known as finishing. This finish can be applied using different methods.

When applying solid finishing agents, the sewing thread is usually passed over a corresponding block of the finishing agent, so that due to the roughness of the sewing thread, a corresponding amount of finishing agent is entrained here.

It is also known to apply these softeners from aqueous systems. A suitable solution, emulsion or dispersion of the finishing is produced and the sewing thread to be finished is guided through this solution in the continuous mode of operation. The sewing thread absorbs a certain amount of the aqueous system and thus a certain amount of the finishing agent.

In the discontinuous mode of operation, the finishing agent is also applied from aqueous systems. This usually takes place after the sewing thread has been appropriately colored, the sewing thread here preferably being made up as a bobbin. The condition of the finish is then determined by mechanical dewatering of the sewing threads treated in this way to a predetermined residual moisture and by setting a certain finish concentration in the aqueous system.

In addition to the finishing agents described above, further connections are known which are applied mechanically or via corresponding aqueous systems to the surface of the sewing threads. With such equipment, the properties of the sewing threads treated in this way are then specifically changed. For example, there is the possibility of making sewing threads flame-resistant, for which purpose certain organic phosphorus compounds or special organic nitrogen compounds are applied to the thread. The application techniques previously described for finishing are then applied.

Other equipment, such as special organic nitrogen compounds, is also applied to the sewing thread using the same application techniques in order to prevent the sewing thread from rotting due to microorganisms. As another example of other equipment, the water repellent equipment, the oleophobic equipment or to name the hydrophilic finish. For this purpose, special fluorocarboxylic acid derivatives, fluorocarbons, organosilicon compounds, styrene derivatives, halobutadienes or the like are applied to the sewing threads to be finished using the techniques described above.

The previously described application techniques, which are used in the finishing of sewing threads, have the disadvantage that it is very difficult to achieve an even distribution of the finishing on the surface of the sewing thread. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that the aqueous emulsions or dispersions used for this tend to segregate, which is particularly the case when higher molecular weight equipment is subjected to relatively high shear forces, e.g. when pumping around such fleets. In the block activation mentioned at the beginning, the thread tension, the high surface roughness of the thread and the way in which the sewing thread is guided over the finish block have a decisive influence on the amount of finish added. Furthermore, the discontinuous application of the equipment described above can lead to undesirable filtration phenomena over the thickness of the cheese, which is the case in particular with relatively coarsely dispersed, relatively high molecular weight equipment.

The present invention has for its object to provide a method of the type specified by which equipment can be produced particularly evenly on the surface of a sewing thread.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method having the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

According to the invention, a method for producing a with a Equipment provided sewing thread, in particular a sewing thread containing synthetic fibers, is proposed, in which, after spinning, equipment of the above-mentioned type is applied to the sewing thread. Here, monomers and / or oligomers which can be ionically and / or radically oligomerized or polymerized with the formation of the equipment and / or the equipment itself are applied to the sewing thread. Before the application of the monomers, oligomers and / or the equipment, simultaneously with the application and / or after the application of the monomers, oligomers and / or the equipment, a treatment is carried out by which radicals and / or ions are generated.

The inventive method described above thus provides two variants. In the first case, in the method according to the invention, the actual equipment is only produced on the surface of the sewing thread by applying appropriate monomers and / or oligomers to the sewing thread to be equipped and carrying out the corresponding treatment beforehand, simultaneously or afterwards, in order to obtain the necessary for the oligomerization or Polymerization of these monomers or oligomers to generate radicals and / or ions required. In the second case, the equipment is applied as such to the sewing thread and, before or at the same time or afterwards, the radicals or ions are generated by a suitable treatment, which is described in detail below, which are then used for three-dimensional crosslinking of the equipment and / or for ensure chemical attachment of the equipment to the yarn polymer.

The method according to the invention has a number of advantages. It thus ensures that the equipment produced on the surface of the sewing thread is distributed particularly evenly over the thread length and the thread circumference, so that the sewing thread thus equipped has the same properties as seen over the length or the thread circumference. Could also be found be that a sewing thread produced by the method according to the invention has equipment that is fixed much more firmly to the thread material compared to chemically identical, conventionally applied equipment. This is attributed to the fact that, for the first case described above, the monomers or oligomers applied to the sewing thread can diffuse much more easily into the amorphous yarn polymer regions, which means that the equipment produced therefrom by radical and / or ionic oligomerization or polymerization accordingly is fixed in the yarn polymer. In addition to this fixation or instead of this fixation, the process according to the invention can form a chemical bond (covalent or ionic) between the yarn polymer and the monomers, oligomers or the equipment produced therefrom. This chemical bond also occurs in particular when the equipment is applied as such to the sewing thread, as described above for the second case of the method according to the invention. This in turn means that equipment which is not anchored to the yarn polymer is removed, so that lubrication of equipment which frequently occurs in the prior art cannot be observed in the process according to the invention. The monomers or oligomers which are oligomerized or polymerized for finishing can also be handled much better owing to their relatively short chain length, since the problems of dispersion and emulsion stability mentioned at the outset are substantially lower or nonexistent. This is particularly true for equipment that has a molecular weight between about 800 and about 180,000 after the oligomerization or polymerization. It was not possible to observe the filtration of the equipment on the inner winding layers of the cross-wound bobbin as described in the prior art in the method according to the invention. Because of The previously described better distribution and higher fixation of the equipment applied by the method according to the invention to the yarn polymer does not occur in sewing threads which have been produced by the method according to the invention, during processing in the course of spinning and dyeing and in later use during sewing, no undesirable abrasion on deflection elements on, so that the processing and in particular also the sewing behavior of such a sewing thread is considerably improved compared to a correspondingly conventionally equipped sewing thread. In addition, since the relatively short-chain constituents (monomers or oligomers), which are oligomerized or polymerized in the first case of the process according to the invention for the actual finishing in the first case described above, also penetrate better into the spaces between the threads, the thread closure of a sewing thread produced by the method according to the invention is considerably better than a conventionally equipped sewing thread. This in turn leads to a further improvement in the sewing properties.

A first embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that reactive centers are generated in the yarn and / or on its surface by the radicals and / or ions generated during the treatment. Simultaneously or thereafter, the yarn is allowed to react with the equipment and / or the monomers and / or oligomers forming the equipment to form equipment chemically bonded to the yarn polymer. These reactive centers, which are generated in the yarn or on its surface, can be radicals, ions and / or functional (reactive) groups. The formation of such functional groups is attributed to the fact that the yarn polymers forming the yarn are completely or preferably partially split up by the radicals and / or ions generated in the process according to the invention with the formation of radicals and / or ions, which then, for example can react with appropriate gases, such as oxygen or carbon dioxide from the air, with the formation of corresponding peroxy, hydroxyl or carboxy groups. The functional groups thus produced can then be reacted with corresponding functional groups of the equipment with the formation of equipment chemically (covalently and / or ionically) bound to the yarn polymer.

The equipment used for this purpose has, as reactive groups, heterocyclic ring systems, in particular triazine derivatives, cyanuric halides, pyrimidine derivatives, such as, for example, 2,4,5,6 tetrahalopyrimidine or 2,4,6 trihalopyrimidine, quinazoline derivatives, in particular 2,4-dihalo-quinazoline, quinoxaline derivatives, in particular 2,3-dichloro-quinoxaline and / or pyridazone derivatives, in particular 1-aryl-4,5-dihalo-pyridazone-6. In the case of the heterocyclic ring systems, the derivatives of imidazole, thiazole, isothiazole and corresponding pyrimidine derivatives, such as quinoline or pyridizine derivatives, may also be mentioned.

mit

X =

Halogene, OSO₃H, OPO₃H,
OSO₂R, OSO₂-Ar-CH₃, mit
Ar = Aryl
und Y = O, SO₂, CO, NH, SO₂NH, NHSO₂,
CONH, NHCO, CH₂S.

In addition to the heterocyclic ring systems mentioned above, the equipment can also be linked via reactive groups to the yarn polymer provided with corresponding functional groups, which form vinyl groups by splitting off water, acids or other compounds, for example in an alkaline aqueous liquor. The β-substituted ethane derivatives should be mentioned here in particular, where, owing to the electron-attracting β-substituents, they readily split off acid or water with the formation of the corresponding vinyl compound and for the same reason react quickly with the reactive groups of the yarn polymers, as explained below the reaction equation I is shown as an example.

With

X =

Halogens, OSO₃H, OPO₃H,
OSO₂R, OSO₂-Ar-CH₃, with
Ar = aryl
and Y = O, SO₂, CO, NH, SO₂NH, NHSO₂,
CONH, NHCO, CH₂S.

The equipment may also contain, as reactive groups, epoxy, ethyleneimine, sultone, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, sulfone and / or sulfofluoride groups, which then form a covalent bond with the functional (reactive) groups of the yarn Polymers react as described above for the β-substituted ethane derivatives.

Another embodiment of the process according to the invention provides that ionic and / or preferably radical chain cleavage of the yarn polymers is carried out, thereby creating free bond valences which are then saturated with correspondingly radically and / or ionically oligomerizable or polymerizable equipment. In contrast to the equipment described above, the equipment is directly connected to the polymer forming the yarn.

In order to be able to carry out the process according to the invention particularly economically, another embodiment of the process according to the invention provides that a pile and in particular a winding body is produced from the sewing thread, then the monomers, oligomers and / or the equipment are applied and then the treatment for producing the Carries out radicals and / or ions. Surprisingly, it was found that with this procedure there were no differences with regard to the number of runs and the uniformity of the finish over the yarn length or the yarn cross-section.

A particularly suitable embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the sewing thread is brought into contact with at least one initiator, which breaks down into radicals and / or ions during the treatment. This then has the effect that corresponding radicals or ions are formed at the points at which the initiator is applied to the yarn, which ions are then reacted accordingly, as described above.

With regard to the selection of the initiator used in the process according to the invention, it should generally be stated that only those initiators are selected here which actually decompose into radicals and / or ions under the respectively selected treatment conditions. Furthermore, an important selection criterion for the initiator is that the initiator breakdown caused by the treatment takes place under conditions in which the fiber polymers forming the sewing thread remain unchanged, so that the treatment does not bring about undesirable changes in properties. Exclusively, the decomposition of the initiator should facilitate the formation of the radicals and / or ions required for the process according to the invention. The term initiator includes Within the scope of this application also mixtures which contain several initiators.

Preferred initiators which are used alone or in a mixture in the process according to the invention are initiators based on a persulfate, preferably potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate; Initiators based on a peroxide, in particular dibenzoyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, cyclohexylsulfonylacetyl peroxide; Initiators based on an azo compound, in particular azodiisobutyronitrile, and / or 4,4'-azo-bis- (4-cyanopentanoic acid chloride). Initiators based on benzpinacol, diisopropyl percarbonate and / or butyl peroctoate can also be used.

It is particularly suitable in the process according to the invention if redox systems are used here as initiators. These redox systems deliver a particularly high yield of the radicals or ions generated thereby during the treatment. In particular, potassium persulfate and / or ammonium persulfate / sodium hyposulfite; Hydrogen peroxide / iron (II) sulfate; Cumene hydroperoxide / polyamine and / or benzoyl peroxide / N-dimethylaniline used.

A further embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the sewing thread is swollen before and / or when the initiator is applied by adding a swelling agent. Such material-specific swelling agents known to the person skilled in the art for the particular substrate, in particular from the dyeing processes, such as, for example, lye for cellulose-containing substrates or aromatic hydrocarbons for substrates containing polyester or polyamide, have the effect that the initiator is not only adsorbed or absorbed on the surface of the sewing thread , but also in particular can diffuse into the amorphous areas of the sewing thread, so that the corresponding radical and / or ion formation also takes place inside the fiber.

There are two ways of carrying out the previously described adsorption or absorption of the initiator on the respective sewing thread. In the case of such initiators which can be converted into the gas state without being destroyed, the initiator can be applied to the sewing thread by flowing or flowing through the sewing thread with the gaseous initiator for a predetermined time. If the sewing thread is in the form of a pile and in particular in the form of a package, it is advisable to flow through the pile or package for a predetermined time, in particular between two minutes and thirty minutes, with the gaseous initiator.

If, on the other hand, the selected initiator cannot be converted into the gaseous state without decomposition, a corresponding solution, dispersion or emulsion, preferably in water or in a solvent, in particular in a low-boiling solvent, is prepared. This solution, dispersion or emulsion is then applied to the sewing thread in a customary manner, and in the event that the sewing thread is in the form of a pile, flow of the solution, dispersion or emulsion through the pile is preferred for the above-mentioned predetermined time.

However, it is of course also possible to apply the initiator together with the solution, emulsion or dispersion of the monomer, oligomer and / or the equipment to the sewing thread, this procedure having the additional advantage that it can be carried out particularly economically.

The treatment required for generating the radicals and / or ions in the process according to the invention comprises thermal treatment, irradiation with light, in particular with UV light, α, β or γ irradiation or treatment of the sewing thread in an electric field.

A particularly suitable embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the treatment for generating the ions and / or radicals is a low-temperature plasma treatment. In general, the conditions of the low-temperature plasma treatment, e.g. the pressure, the power, the frequency, the residence time, the power density and the gas which may be used here, and the initiator after the selection of the oligomers, monomers or the equipment to be applied in each case. The material used for the sewing thread also has a decisive influence on the selection of the conditions for low-temperature plasma treatment.

In the method according to the invention, the low-temperature plasma treatment is usually carried out at a vacuum between 5 Pa and 500 Pa. Particularly good results with regard to the yield are obtained if the low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out under a vacuum between 20 Pa and 300 Pa, preferably between 70 Pa and 200 Pa.

Another embodiment of the method described above provides that in the low-temperature plasma treatment, a vacuum between 5 Pa and 120 Pa, preferably between about 20 Pa and 120 Pa, during a first treatment period and a vacuum between during a subsequent second treatment period 80 Pa and 250 Pa, preferably between 100 Pa and 200 Pa. In this way, in particular in the embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the sewing thread is opened as a winding body or pile and a reactive gas or an inert gas flows through it, the gas flows through the winding body or pile particularly well and uniformly, which further improves the uniformity of the generation of the radicals or ions. Particularly in cases in which a first treatment period immediately follows a second treatment period and above all when the first and second treatment periods are repeated several times in succession, the winding body or the pile is particularly well flowed through, so that Non-uniformities in the generation of radicals or ions over the thickness of the winding body or the pile are completely excluded.

In the procedure described above, in which two successive treatment periods are carried out with a different vacuum, the transition from the first treatment period to the second treatment period and from the second treatment period to the first treatment period can be designed in such a way that the vacuum is suddenly set in each treatment period. A particularly gentle treatment of the winding body or the pile, however, enables an embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the vacuum in the first treatment period is continuously transferred to the vacuum in the second treatment period and the vacuum in the second treatment period is continuously transferred to the vacuum in the first treatment period, so that the pressure is increased or decreased sinusoidally throughout the treatment.

Regarding the residence time in the low-temperature plasma treatment, it should be noted that this varies between 10 seconds and 160 seconds, preferably between 20 seconds and 60 seconds, in each treatment period.

In order to prevent undesired and uncontrolled side effects caused by foreign gases in the low-temperature plasma treatment, it is advisable to set a vacuum at the beginning of the low-temperature plasma treatment at a pressure which is lower than the pressure during the low-temperature plasma treatment. If desired, a corresponding gas (reactive gas and / or inert gas) is then fed in until the desired pressure for the low-temperature plasma treatment is reached.

The frequency in the low-temperature plasma treatment is usually between 1 MHz and 20 MHz, the low-temperature plasma treatment preferably being carried out at a frequency of 13.56 MHz.

In addition, in the method according to the invention, the low-temperature plasma treatment, which leads to the destruction of the initiator and thus to the formation of the required radicals and / or ions, can also be carried out at a frequency of 27.12, 40.68 and / or 81.36 MHz carry out, but it is also possible to change the frequencies in the aforementioned range or to set different values within the scope of the aforementioned values during the low-temperature plasma treatment.

The power used in low temperature plasma treatment varies between 200 watts and 600 watts.

The power density in the low-temperature plasma treatment varies between 2 W / dm³ and 25 W / dm³, with the volume information relating to the volume of the autoclave used in each case. However, in the method according to the invention, preference is given to working at a power density between 8 W / dm³ and 14 W / dm³, in particular at 12.5 W / dm³.

Particularly good results are achieved in the method according to the invention also with a low-temperature plasma treatment which is carried out at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, at a pressure between 10⁻¹ Pa and 1,000 Pa, preferably between 70 Pa and 120 Pa, and at a power density between 0.1 W / dm³ and 5 W / dm³, preferably between 1.5 W / dm³ and 3 W / dm³, is carried out.

Another, likewise preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that a corona treatment is selected as the treatment which leads to the formation of the radicals and / or ions.

This corona treatment is preferably carried out at a pressure which is at normal pressure and / or slightly above and / or slightly below normal pressure. Thus, in the method according to the invention, the corona treatment is carried out at a pressure between 86.659 x 10³ Pa and 133.32 x 10³ Pa, preferably at a pressure between 93.325 x 10³ Pa and 113.324 x 10³ Pa.

Particularly good results with regard to the generation of the radicals or ions are obtained if, during the corona treatment, a pressure between 86.659 x 10³ Pa and 99.99 x 10³ Pa during a first treatment period and a pressure between during a second treatment period 99.99 x 10³ Pa and 133.32 x 10³ Pa. This is obviously due to the fact that in the embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the sewing thread is treated in the pile or in the winding body and then a gas and / or the initiator flows through the pile or the winding body, by the pressure change of the winding body or the heap is particularly well and evenly flowed through, which has a beneficial effect on the uniformity of the equipment. In particular, in the embodiment described above, the first treatment period immediately follows the second treatment period, it being advisable to repeat this treatment cycle, consisting of the first and second treatment periods, several times alternately.

As has already been described in the case of the low-temperature plasma treatment, the pressure change between the first and second treatment periods can also be carried out abruptly in the case of the corona treatment. Here, however, there is a risk that the winding body or the pile accumulates in an undesirable manner during the abrupt pressure change, so that especially in the case of relatively soft winding bodies or softly packed piles, i.e. those packages or heaps in which the Shore hardness is low, a continuous pressure increase is carried out during the transition from the first treatment period to the second treatment period and a continuous pressure reduction is carried out during the transition from the second treatment period to the first treatment period. This pressure change is then preferably carried out sinusoidally, with treatment times between 10 seconds and 160 seconds, in particular between 20 seconds and 60 seconds, being selected for the first and second periods.

To avoid undesirable external influences during the corona treatment, such as water vapor originating from air humidity or sewing thread or to switch off dust particles that can lead to an uncontrolled, non-reproducible corona discharge and thus to an uncontrolled formation of radicals or ions, it is advisable to set a pressure before starting the corona treatment that is lower than the pressure during the corona treatment. A defined amount of a gas (reactive gas and / or inert gas) is then fed in to set the required treatment pressure. In this case, the autoclave used for the corona treatment is preferably evacuated to a pressure between 1,000 Pa and 10,000 Pa, so that the respective gas and, if appropriate, the initiator which flows through the winding body or the pile can then be fed in, so as to adjust the pressure in the autoclave to a value between 86.659 x 10³ Pa and 133.32 x 10³ Pa.

The total treatment time for the low-temperature plasma treatment or corona treatment is between about two minutes and about thirty minutes, depending on the products used (monomers, oligomers, equipment), the power densities set, any initiators selected and the respective substrate of the sewing thread. preferably between about five minutes and about twenty minutes.

Particularly good results are achieved in the method according to the invention if the sewing thread is opened as a pile or as a winding body, as already mentioned above. This method variant of the method according to the invention has proven particularly useful in low-temperature plasma treatment, since it is not necessary to wrap the sewing thread to be treated in each case within the vacuum chamber required for low-temperature plasma treatment, so that the otherwise necessary technical facilities can be dispensed with. Surprisingly, in this embodiment of the Method according to the invention, in which the sewing thread is made up as a pile or as a winding body, it is found that the finishing effects achieved were very uniform both over the length of the sewing thread and over its thickness or its circumference.

If the sewing thread is opened as a package and subjected to a low-temperature plasma treatment or corona treatment, it is advisable to select a perforated cylindrical package here, in particular a perforated metal sleeve.

Another embodiment of the method according to the invention, which is used in particular to generate functional (reactive) groups in the yarn polymer, provides that the sewing thread is subjected to a low-temperature plasma treatment or corona treatment as a pile after an initiator has been applied beforehand. In addition, a reactive gas or an inert gas flows through or flows onto this pile. These gases have the effect that corresponding radicals or ions are formed in the area in which the initiator is adsorbed or absorbed on the sewing thread, which then react with the gas to form functional (reactive) groups.

The use of a reactive gas or an inert gas has already been described repeatedly in connection with the method according to the invention. In the context of this application, a reactive gas is preferably understood to mean O₂, N₂O, O₃, CO₂, NH₃, SO₂, SiCl₄, CCl₄, CF₃Cl, CF₄, SF₆, CO, hexamethyldisiloxane and / or H₂. Inert gas means nitrogen and / or at least one noble gas. The aforementioned gases (reactive gas and inert gas) can be used both as individual gases and as a gas mixture be applied. In order to control the amount of functional groups in the previously described embodiment of the method according to the invention, which lead to reactive (functional) groups as fiber polymers, it is possible to vary the concentration of the gases used. In the simplest case, this is achieved by diluting an appropriately reactive gas or gas mixture with a suitable inert gas, for example a noble gas, a noble gas mixture and / or nitrogen. Not only equipment but also dyes can be bound to the fiber polymer in the functional groups thus produced. It was found that a polyester sewing thread is particularly easy to dye with cationic or anionic dyes or reactive dyes. Furthermore, it has been shown to be advantageous that by introducing such functional groups, the aramid fibers or polyalkylene fibers, in particular polypropylene fibers, which are very difficult and expensive to dye, could be easily and easily dyed with ionic dyes or reactive dyes with appropriate treatment.

Monomers and / or oligomers which are used in the process according to the invention have already been mentioned several times. These monomers or oligomers are described in more detail below with regard to their chemical basis.

For example, a first embodiment of the process according to the invention provides that monomers and / or oligomers are used which are based on hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives. This preferably includes alkylenes, in particular ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, isoprene, methylstyrene, xylyenes and halogen derivatives of the compounds mentioned above, in particular vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, tetrafluroethylene, trifluorethylene, Vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, pentafluorostyrene, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate, and / or mixtures of the aforementioned compounds and in particular mixtures of tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene, trifluorochloroethylene / ethylene and hexafluoroisobutylene.

In addition to or instead of the abovementioned monomers or oligomers, depending on the particular property of the finish desired, substances which are based on acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives and / or salts thereof can also be selected in the process according to the invention. These include in particular methacrylates, ethyl acrylates, n-butyl acrylates, isobutyl acrylates, tert-butyl acrylates, hexyl acrylates, 2-ethylhexyl acrylates and lauryl acrylates. Furthermore, these acrylates can be mixed with suitable compounds, such as, for example, methyl methacrylates, ethylene methacrylates, n-butyl methacrylates, acrylonitrile, styrene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride and / or vinylidene fluoride. Also suitable as acrylic acid derivatives are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylamide and / or salts of the aforementioned two acids.

If a three-dimensional crosslinking of the monomers or oligomers applied to the sewing thread is additionally desired in the case of the invention, the monomers or oligomers listed above are added to those products which additionally have free functional groups. Monomers containing carboxyl groups, in particular maleic acid and / or itaconic acid, are particularly suitable for this purpose; monomers containing hydroxyl groups, such as in particular 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, propylene glycol methacrylate and / or butanediol monoacrylate; N-hydroxymethyl group-containing monomers, such as in particular N-hydroxymethylacrylamide and / or N-hydroxymethylmethacrylamide; and / or sulfonic acid-containing monomers, in particular 2-acrylamino-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. Corresponding ethers, in particular ethyl diglycol acrylate; Amines, especially tert-butylaminomethacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate and / or diethylaminoethyl acrylate; Epoxies, especially glycidyl methacrylate; and / or monomers containing halogen hydroxyl groups, in particular 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate. However, it is of course also possible to use the aforementioned free functional group products alone in the process according to the invention.

Furthermore, in the process according to the invention, in addition to the substances mentioned above or instead of the substances mentioned above, those products which comprise styrene and / or styrene derivatives are also suitable. In addition to the styrene or methylstyrene mentioned above, the mixtures of styrene and / or methylstyrene with acrylonitrile and / or of styrene and / or methylstyrene with butadiene should be mentioned in particular.

Likewise, those monomers or oligomers which have organosilicon compounds can be selected in the process according to the invention. This is then preferably in the silicone, which accordingly has one or more organic radicals on the silicon atom which can be oligomerized or polymerized by radical and / or ionic means. Organic residues which have terminal C-C double bonds are particularly suitable for this purpose.

With regard to the application of the aforementioned monomers or oligomers There are several options on the sewing thread. Thus, these monomers or oligomers can be applied to the sewing thread in concentrated form or as a solution, dispersion or emulsion according to the techniques known per se. A particularly suitable embodiment provides that the monomers or oligomers are dissolved, emulsified and / or dispersed in an aqueous system and the sewing thread is impregnated with this solution, emulsion and / or dispersion in that the solution, dispersion or emulsion through a winding body, preferably a package, pumps the sewing thread. The treatment which leads to the formation of the corresponding ions or radicals is then carried out. However, it is of course also possible to apply the monomers and possibly oligomers in gaseous form to the sewing thread. However, this presupposes that the monomers or oligomers can be converted into the gas state without decomposition or oligomerization or polymerization.

A particularly suitable embodiment of the process variant described above provides that the initiator described above is added to the solution, emulsion or dispersion of the monomers or oligomers, so that the initiator is applied to the sewing thread together with the corresponding solution, dispersion or emulsion .

The application amount of the aforementioned monomers or oligomers varies depending on the desired properties of the sewing thread produced by the method according to the invention. The amount applied in the process according to the invention usually varies between about 0.01% by weight to about 20% by weight, in particular between 0.5% by weight and 10% by weight (mass of the monomers or oligomers: mass of the sewing thread).

The present invention further relates to a sewing thread which has a particularly high abrasion resistance under mechanical stress, caused during processing or when using the sewing thread.

According to the invention, a sewing thread, in particular a sewing thread containing synthetic fibers, is thus described which has equipment predominantly provided on the thread surface, as a result of which the thread properties are changed in a targeted manner. Here, in the sewing thread according to the invention, this equipment is chemically bound to the fiber polymer forming the sewing thread.

The sewing thread according to the invention has a number of advantages. It was thus found that equipment chemically bonded to the yarn material in this way is particularly permanently and firmly attached to the yarn material. This applies in particular to those embodiments of the sewing thread according to the invention in which the finish is bound to the polymer of the thread via a covalent bond, as described above. Such chemically linked equipment is then only possible by destroying this covalent bond or the polymer chains forming the yarn material. As a rule, however, equipment bound to the yarn material via ionic bonds already has the required permanence, so that even this ionically bound equipment is not undesirably rubbed off during the process steps required in the course of the production of the sewing thread and during the actual sewing itself, as is the case here is very easily possible with the prior art mentioned at the beginning. Furthermore, such chemically bonded equipment is particularly evenly distributed over the thread length and the thread circumference, so that a suitably equipped sewing thread also has constant properties. Furthermore, in the sewing thread according to the invention, because of the chemical bonding of the equipment no migration problems occur during storage, so that, for example, a deterioration in the fastness of dyeings as a result of storage does not occur in the sewing thread according to the invention, which has repeatedly occurred in the known sewing threads which are equipped with appropriate additives which promote the migration of the dyes.

Depending on the desired change in properties of the sewing thread, the selection of the respective equipment is based. If, for example, the dyeing behavior of such synthetic yarn materials that are difficult to dye at home is to be improved, it is sufficient to chemically bind rather short-chain equipment to the yarn material, which, however, is characterized by a large number of functional groups. These additional functional groups chemically bonded to the yarn material then enable the corresponding yarns to be dyed with relatively little effort, for example using ionic dyes. Such equipment is preferred, for example, for polyalkylene fibers or the relatively difficult to dye aromatic polyamides.

On the other hand, should the running behavior of the sewing threads during manufacture or subsequent processing, i.e. when sewing, can be used for this purpose, such equipment, which preferably have a molecular weight between 80 and 1,500, the chemical structure of such compounds can vary depending on the desired changes in properties.

On the other hand, if the sewing thread according to the invention is to be protected, for example, against extreme stresses caused by chemical or mechanical influences, such a sewing thread in particular has high molecular weight equipment, the molecular weight of such equipment preferably varying between 1,500 and 180,000, in particular between 20,000 and 80,000. In addition to the chemical connection of the finish to the yarn material, these finishings can then also be three-dimensionally networked with one another, so that a corresponding solid and / or liquid coating results on the surface of the sewing thread, which surrounds the outer layer of the yarn and thus prevents it, that the stresses described above attack the actual yarn material, ie the polymer chains forming the yarn. The products used for such crosslinking have already been described in detail above in the process.

The number of copies of the equipment in the sewing thread according to the invention also depends on the desired change in properties. The number of copies of the equipment usually varies between 0.01% by weight and 20% by weight, preferably between 0.5% by weight and 10% by weight, as already described above.

The layer thickness of the equipment chemically bound to the thread material also varies depending on the desired changes in properties of the sewing thread used. For example, it is possible to provide the equipment only selectively on the surface of the sewing thread, so that such equipment, which is, for example, the equipment described above for improving the dyeing behavior, does not form a closed layer on the surface of the thread. By contrast, polymeric equipment, in particular the equipment produced by the processes described above by oligomerization or polymerization, usually cover the surface of the sewing thread according to the invention with a closed or almost closed solid or liquid layer, this layer the sewing thread according to the invention is coated on the outside and preferably has a layer thickness between 100 nm and approximately 0.1 nm, in particular between approximately 20 nm and approximately 2 nm.

As already described above, the sewing thread according to the invention has an equipment which is bound to the polymeric chains of the thread material via an ionic or preferably via a covalent chemical bond. This presupposes that the polymeric chains of the yarn material as such have corresponding reactive centers or that such reactive centers are produced before the equipment is connected to the yarn material. The first option includes, in particular, those sewing threads which consist of polyamide 6, polyamide 6.6, modified polyacrylonitrile and / or cellulose acetate fibers or filament fibers or contain these fibers or filaments. The polymers mentioned above already have appropriate functional groups, such as, in particular, NH₂, OH and / or COOH groups. These polymer-specific groups can then react with the equipment itself or with the corresponding monomers and / or oligomers which are applied to the sewing thread and then oligomerize or polymerize for equipment, with the formation of the appropriate chemical bond and fixation of the equipment to the thread material, so that in such an embodiment of the sewing thread according to the invention the chemical attachment of the equipment is either ionic or in particular covalent via appropriate amide and / or ester groups.

On the other hand, the polymers forming the sewing thread do not have such reactive centers for binding the monomers, oligomers and / or equipment, so that it is necessary to first of all assign such reactive centers, in particular on the surface of the sewing thread produce. This can be achieved in particular by preferably splitting the polymer chains of the yarn material present on the surface of the sewing thread in the manner described above in the process according to the invention and thus creating reactive centers which either have correspondingly functional (reactive) groups, such as OH , COOH and / or NH₂ groups, or from which the aforementioned functional groups are produced.

If the polymeric chains which form the sewing thread according to the invention or are present in the sewing thread according to the invention already have the reactive functional groups described above by themselves or if these groups are produced by the processes described above, it is particularly appropriate here to use these functional groups React groups with such equipment that has a reactive group matched to the functional groups of the yarn polymers. This then leads to an embodiment of the sewing thread according to the invention in which the finish is covalently and / or ionically bound to the thread material by the chemical reaction between the functional group of the thread polymer with the reactive group of the finish, as described above and by the formula I. is reproduced.

Regarding the chemical structure of the equipment thus chemically (covalently or ionically) bound to the sewing thread, reference is made to the explanations given above in the process, where it is explained in detail which monomers and / or oligomers can be used in the process according to the invention. Depending on the dependency of the monomers or oligomers used, the sewing thread then has a chemically bound finish based on oligomers and / or polymers, hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon copolymers, Hydrocarbon co-oligomers, hydrocarbon mixed oligomers, hydrocarbon mixed polymers and / or derivatives of these compounds. Likewise or additionally, the sewing thread according to the invention can have oligomeric and / or polymeric compounds of acrylic acid, acrylic acid cooligomerisates, acrylic acid copolymers, acrylic acid mixed oligomerisates, acrylic acid mixed polymers and / or the salts and / or derivatives of the aforementioned compounds as chemically bonded finishing.

Furthermore, the sewing thread according to the invention can contain oligomeric and / or polymeric compounds of styrene, its derivatives, styrene co-oligomerates, styrene copolymers, styrene mixed oligomerisates, styrene mixed polymers and / or salts and / or derivatives thereof. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the sewing thread according to the invention contains oligomeric or polymeric organosilicon compounds in addition to the aforementioned compounds or instead of the aforementioned compounds.

Regarding the material of the sewing thread according to the invention, it should be noted that any synthetic sewing thread, e.g. made of polyamide, polypropylene, Nomex, glass, polyacrylonitrile, carbon fibers and / or ceramic fibers. However, it is particularly suitable if a polyester sewing thread or a polyester-containing sewing thread is used as the sewing thread. Here, these sewing threads have the usual sewing thread construction, i.e. these are chore yarns, multifilament yarns or filament / fiber yarns, which can be twisted if necessary.

Furthermore, these sewing threads can have the construction of a swirled thread or a wound thread known per se, whereby the titer of the above-mentioned sewing threads is of the order of magnitude between 50 dtex x 2 (total titer 100 dtex) and 1,200 dtex x 3 (total titer 3,600 dtex).

Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention or the sewing thread according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below using seven exemplary embodiments.

example 1

A polyester sewing yarn Nm 25/2 core was first treated with a 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 15 minutes at 98 ^o C. This resulted in swelling and an improvement in the accessibility of the surface.

The sewing thread was then rinsed with water. The sewing thread pretreated in this way was then impregnated with a 1 M potassium persulfate solution (liquor pick-up 100% by weight) and heated to a temperature of about 80 ^° C. under nitrogen.

The sewing thread was then introduced into an aqueous emulsion which contains anionic surfactants based on alkyl sulfates and a mixture of isobutyl acrylate, styrene and acrylic acid as an emulsifier. The sewing thread was then squeezed to a liquor pick-up of 100% by weight and stored under nitrogen at 40 ^° C. for 5 minutes.

After rinsing with water, the sewing thread thus equipped was dried and the sewing behavior was measured.

Example 2

The sewing thread mentioned in Example 1 was subjected to a low-temperature plasma treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere, the conditions of the low-temperature plasma treatment being as follows:
Pressure before the low-temperature plasma treatment: 5 Pa
Frequency: 13.56 MHz
Power density: 8 W / dm³
Pressure curve during plasma treatment: Figure 1
Duration of the first and second treatment period: 30 seconds each
Total treatment time: 4 minutes
Gas: nitrogen

The yarn was then treated with the emulsion described above under nitrogen and processed further as described in Example 1. The sewing behavior of this sewing thread was also examined.

The results of the sewing behavior of the yarns finished according to the exemplary embodiment described above are shown in Table 1 below.

In comparison, the sewing behavior of a standard sewing thread, which has the same structure but is provided with a standard preparation, was determined. This result is also shown in Table 1 in the column "standard sewing thread".

Example 3

The sewing thread mentioned in Examples 1 and 2 was opened as a 1 kg bobbin. This cheese was first treated with a 2% sodium hydroxide solution at 98 ^o C for 15 minutes.

The cheese was then rinsed with water. Thereafter, the cheese was treated with a 1 M potassium persulfate solution at room temperature for 4 minutes.

Thereafter, a low-temperature plasma treatment was carried out under the conditions shown in Example 2, but deviating from this, the pressure was 20 Pa, the power density was 25 W / dm 3 and the total treatment time was 6 minutes. Oxygen was used as the gas during this treatment.

The cheese was rinsed in an alkaline medium (pH: 8) after the low-temperature plasma treatment. After adding 0.5% sodium acetate and 1% acetic acid and 10% sodium sulfate, the cheese was colored with a cationic dye (2%, type: Astrazon).

The spool was unwound and samples were taken from the inner, middle and outer layers. It should be noted that there were no differences between the three layers, either visually or colorimetrically, neither in terms of color depth nor in color. The usual wet fastness properties were also measured. Neither the rub fastness nor the perspiration fastness and the water fastness (heavy duty) were objectionable. Comparative strength measurements of the three layers showed that there was a loss of strength of 5% compared to the starting material, while the three layers had the same strengths within each other within the fault tolerance.

The measurement results shown in Table 1 above represent mean values from 50 measurements. From this it can be clearly seen that the two sewing threads according to Examples 1 and 2 are clearly superior to the standard sewing thread comparable in the thread construction.

Microscopic examination of the sewing threads according to Examples 1 and 2 shows that a continuous layer of the equipment with a layer thickness of approximately 10 nm was arranged on the surface of the sewing threads. In rewinding tests, it was found that the sewing threads according to Examples 1 and 2 did not cause any abrasion on the thread deflecting members, while such abrasion occurred in the corresponding standard sewing thread.

Example 4

A polyester sewing yarn Nm 25/2 was treated first with a 2% sodium hydroxide solution at 98 ^o C for 15 minutes. This resulted in swelling and improved accessibility to the amorphous areas of the yarn polymers.

The sewing thread was then rinsed with water. The sewing thread pretreated in this way was then impregnated with a 1 molar potassium persulfate solution / 1 molar sodium hyposulfite solution and at the same time with an emulsion consisting of acrylic acid and isobutyl acrylate, the liquor absorption being 100% by weight. The emulsion contained an anionic surfactant based on alkyl sulfates as an emulsifier. The Inprägnierung and subsequent heating at 70 ^o C for 3 minutes was done under nitrogen.

The sewing thread was then rinsed with water and dried conventionally. The sewing thread thus equipped was called sewing thread 4.

Example 5

The sewing thread mentioned in Example 4 was pretreated as described in Example 4.

The sewing thread was then impregnated with a solution or emulsion which differed from the emulsion described above in that it additionally contained maleic acid. Otherwise, the impregnation conditions and the temperature during heating corresponded to Example 4.

After the sewing thread had been conventionally dried, it was heated at 180 ^° C. for 2 minutes to crosslink the equipment.

The sewing thread treated in this way was referred to as sewing thread 5.

Example 6

1.5 Kg of Polyesternähgarnes described in Example 1 was wound up in a customary manner to a cross-wound bobbin, and first with a 2% sodium hydroxide solution at 98 ^o C for 15 minutes treated. The cheese was then rinsed with water. Then the cheese was flowed through with an emulsion consisting of 1 M potassium persulfate, 1 M sodium hyposulfite, 50 g acrylic acid and 50 g isobutyl acrylate (per liter) for 3 minutes at room temperature. In addition, this emulsion also contained 2 g / l of an anionic surfactant based on alkyl sulfates as an emulsifier.

This was followed by a low-temperature plasma treatment at a pressure of 20 Pa, a frequency of 13.56 MHz, a power density of 10 W / dm³ for 4 minutes in the presence of nitrogen. After rinsing with water, the sewing thread treated in this way was dried conventionally. Samples were taken from the end positions of the spool, the middle layers of the spool and the outer layers of the spool, and the run length of these three samples was determined by extraction according to DIN 54 278 with water and then methanol. It was found that all three samples had a total equipment of 5.3% by weight. Furthermore, sewing tests (sewing thread 6) were carried out with the samples taken.

The sewing behavior of the previously treated sewing threads was compared with that of an untreated but identical sewing thread, which is also referred to below as standard sewing thread.

The results of this sewing behavior are shown in Table 2 below.

The measurement results shown in Table 2 above represent mean values from 50 measurements to recognize that the three sewing threads 4 to 6 are clearly superior to the standard sewing thread in sewing behavior.

This table also shows that even more buttonholes can be sewn with sewing thread 6 than with sewing thread 4 and 5.

Microscopic examinations showed that the sewing threads 4 to 6 had a continuous layer of the equipment on their surface, this layer having a layer thickness of approximately 15 nm to 18 nm.

Comparative strength tests on the samples taken from the inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer of the package of the sewing thread 6 showed that the strength of the samples from these three layers did not differ.

In rewinding tests under practical conditions, it was found that the sewing threads 4 to 6 did not cause any abrasion on the thread deflecting elements, whereas corresponding deposits occurred in the case of the standard sewing thread, which is provided with a silicone oil level.

Example 7

A polyester multifilament yarn Nm 35 was opened as a bobbin (1 kg).

A solution of 30 g / l of potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) was passed through the cross-wound bobbin in this way in a conventional dyeing apparatus for 10 minutes.

A further cheese was also flowed through in a conventional dyeing apparatus with an aqueous dispersion of 12 g / l of dibenzoyl peroxide for 10 minutes at room temperature.

A third cross-wound bobbin was flowed through in a conventional dyeing apparatus with an aqueous dispersion of 12 g / l azodiisobutyronitride for 10 minutes at room temperature.

The three coils mentioned above were impregnated with acrylic acid after careful drying. For this purpose, the bobbins were rewound and the acrylic acid was continuously applied to the yarn, resulting in a concentration of acrylic acid on the yarn of 0.5% by weight.

The coils were then subjected to a low-temperature plasma treatment under the following conditions: Pressure during low-temperature plasma treatment: 60 Pa Frequency: 2.45 GHz Power: 60 W. Pressure history: constant 60 Pa Total duration of treatment: 6 minutes Gas: nitrogen

Following the low temperature plasma treatment, the coils were dyed in a conventional manner on a conventional dyeing machine with a two percent solution of an ionic dye (astrazon brilliant red).

The dyeing tests showed that all three coils were evenly colored with the ionic dye over their thickness. There were no differences in color or depth of color between the inner layers, the middle layer and the outer layers.

All dyeings had the required fastness properties (fastness to rubbing, fastness to water, heavy use, fastness to washing).

There were differences in the color depth of the colorations between the individual bobbins in that the bobbin pretreated with potassium persulfate was the most heavily stained and the bobbin pretreated with azodiisobutyronitrile was the least stained, these color depth differences being around 15% based on the visual estimate.

Claims (48)

A process for producing a sewing thread provided with an equipment, in particular sewing thread containing synthetic fibers, in which equipment is applied to the sewing thread after spinning, characterized in that monomers and / or oligomers which can be ionically and / or radically oligomerized or are polymerizable, and / or the equipment itself is applied to the sewing thread, and that one before the application of the monomers, oligomers and / or the equipment, simultaneously with the application and / or after the application of the monomers, oligomers and / or equipment Carries out treatment to generate radicals and / or ions. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that reactive centers are produced in the yarn and / or on its surface by the radicals and / or ions generated during the treatment, and in that the yarn with the equipment and / or the equipment is used simultaneously or thereafter forming monomers and / or oligomers can react to form the equipment chemically bound to the yarn material. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that radicals and / or ions are generated as reactive centers on the surface of the yarn and / or in the yarn. Process according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a heap, in particular a winding body, is produced from the yarn and the radicals and / or ions are then produced. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the yarn is brought into contact with at least one initiator which decomposes into radicals and / or ions during the treatment. Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that an initiator based on a persulfate, in particular potassium persulfate and / or ammonium persulfate, a peroxide, in particular dibenzoyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, cyclohexylsulfonylacetyl peroxide, an azo compound, in particular azoedinisobutyl and in particular azoediobisilutane, and in particular azoediisobutyl / or selects an initiator based on benzpinacol, diisopropyl percarbonate and / or tert-butyl peroctoate. Process according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a redox system, in particular potassium persulfate / sodium hyposulfite, hydrogen peroxide / iron-II-sulfate, cumene hydroperoxide / polyamine and / or benzoyl peroxide / N-dimethylanilene, is used as the initiator. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the sewing thread is swollen before and / or during the application of the initiator by applying a swelling agent. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the treatment selected is thermal treatment, irradiation with light, α, β, γ radiation and / or treatment in an electrical field. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that a low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out as a treatment. Process according to claim 10, characterized in that the low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out at a pressure between 5 Pa and 500 Pa. Process according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out at a pressure between 20 Pa and 300 Pa, preferably between 70 Pa and 200 Pa. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that in the low-temperature plasma treatment during a first treatment period a pressure between 5 Pa and about 120 Pa, preferably between about 20 Pa and about 120 Pa, and during a subsequent second Treatment period a pressure between 80 Pa and about 250 Pa, preferably about 100 Pa and about 200 Pa. Method according to one of Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out at a frequency between 1 MHz and 20 MHz, preferably at 13.56 MHz. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the low-temperature plasma treatment at a frequency of 27.12, 40.68 and / or 81.36 MHz. Method according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out at a power between 200 W and 600 W. Process according to one of Claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out at a power density between 2 W / dm³ and 25 W / dm³, preferably between 8 W / dm³ and 14 W / dm³. Process according to Claim 10, characterized in that the low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, at a pressure between 10 bis¹ and 1,000 Pa, preferably between 60 Pa and 120 Pa, and at a power density between 0.1 W / dm³ and 5 W / dm³, preferably between 1.5 W / dm³ and 3 W / dm³. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that a corona treatment is carried out as the treatment. Process according to Claim 19, characterized in that the corona treatment is carried out at a pressure between 86.659 x 10³ Pa and 133.32 x 10³ Pa, preferably at a pressure between 33.325 x 10³ Pa and 113.324 x 10³ Pa. A method according to claim 20, characterized in that in the corona treatment a pressure between 86.659 x 10³ Pa and 99.99 x 10³ Pa during a first treatment period and a pressure between 99.9 x 10³ Pa and 113.324 x during a second treatment period 10³ Pa sets. A method according to claim 13 or 21, characterized in that the first treatment period is immediately connected to the second treatment period. A method according to claim 22, characterized in that the first and the second treatment period are repeated several times alternately. Method according to one of claims 22 or 23, characterized in that the pressure is increased or decreased continuously during the transition from the first treatment period to the second treatment period and during the transition from the second treatment period to the first treatment period. Method according to one of claims 13 or 21 to 24, characterized in that a time between 10 seconds and 160, preferably between 20 seconds and 60 seconds, is selected for the first and second treatment period. Method according to one of claims 13 or 21 to 25, characterized in that before the start of the low-temperature plasma treatment or the corona treatment, a pressure is set which is lower than the pressure during the low-temperature plasma treatment or corona treatment, and that then a reactive gas and / or an inert gas is supplied until the required treatment pressure is reached. Method according to one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that a pressure between 1,000 Pa and 10,000 Pa is set before the corona treatment. Process according to one of Claims 10 to 27, characterized in that the low-temperature plasma treatment or corona treatment is carried out between 2 minutes and 30 minutes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pile or a winding body is produced from the sewing thread and the treatment is then carried out. A method according to claim 29, characterized in that the sewing thread is wound onto a perforated sleeve, preferably a perforated metal sleeve. Process according to Claim 29 or 30, characterized in that a reactive gas and / or an inert gas flows through the pile or the winding body alternately from outside to inside and from inside to outside. Method according to one of claims 10 to 31, characterized in that during and / or after the low-temperature plasma treatment or corona treatment, the sewing thread with a reactive gas, in particular O₂, N₂O, O₃, CO₂, NH₃, SO₂, SiCl₄, CCl₄, CF₃Cl, CF₄, SF₆, hexamethyldisiloxane, CO and / or H₂, an inert gas, in particular at least one noble gas and / or nitrogen, and / or a mixture of the aforementioned gases flows or flows through. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that monomers and / or oligomers are selected which are based on hydrocarbons and / or derivatives thereof. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that monomers and / or oligomers are selected which are based on acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives and / or salts thereof. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that monomers and / or oligomers are selected which are based on styrene and / or styrene derivatives. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the monomers and / or oligomers and / or the equipment are dissolved, emulsified and / or dispersed in an aqueous system and the sewing thread is impregnated with this solution, emulsion and / or dispersion in that the solution, dispersion and / or emulsion is pumped through a winding body of the sewing thread. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the monomers, oligomers and / or the equipment are applied to the sewing thread in a concentration of 0.01 to 20% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 10% by weight. Sewing thread, in particular sewing thread containing synthetic fibers, with equipment which changes the properties of the yarn and which is predominantly provided on the surface of the yarn, characterized in that the equipment is chemically bound to the polymer chains forming the yarn material. Sewing thread according to claim 38, characterized in that the equipment is a low molecular weight equipment and a molecular weight between 80 and 1,500. Sewing thread according to claim 38, characterized in that the finish is a high molecular weight finish and has a molecular weight between 1,500 and 180,000. Sewing thread according to one of claims 38 to 40, characterized in that it has the equipment at a height between 0.01% by weight and 20% by weight, preferably at a height between 0.5% by weight and 10% by weight . Sewing thread according to one of claims 38 to 41, characterized in that the finishing completely or almost completely covers the surface of the sewing thread in a layer thickness between 100 nm and 0.1 nm, preferably 20 nm and 2 nm. Sewing thread according to one of claims 38 to 42, characterized in that the equipment is chemically bound to the polymeric chains of the yarn material by a chemical reaction of reactive centers of the equipment with reactive centers of the yarn material. Sewing thread according to claim 43, characterized in that the finishing via at least one heterocyclic ring system, a β-substituted ethane derivative, an epoxy, an ethyleneimine, a sulton and / or a sulfone group on amino, hydroxy and / or carboxyl Groups of the polymeric chains of the yarn material is bound. Sewing thread according to one of claims 38 to 43, characterized in that the finish includes oligomeric and / or polymeric hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon copolymers, hydrocarbon cooligomers, hydrocarbon mixed oligomerisates, hydrocarbon mixed polymers and / or derivatives of these compounds. Sewing thread according to one of claims 38 to 43 or 45, characterized in that the finishing comprises oligomeric and / or polymeric compounds of acrylic acid, acrylic acid co-polymerizates, acrylic acid copolymers, acrylic acid mixed oligomerisates, acrylic acid mixed polymers and / or salts and / or derivatives of the aforementioned compounds . Sewing thread according to one of claims 38 to 43 or 45 or 46, characterized in that the finishing of oligomeric and / or polymeric compounds of styrene, its derivatives, styrene cooligomerizates, styrene copolymers, styrene mixed oligomerisates, styrene mixed polymers and / or salts and / or derivatives of these compounds. Sewing thread according to one of claims 38 to 47, characterized in that the equipment is three-dimensionally networked.

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