EP0496040B1 - Ballast alternatif pour lampes à décharge - Google Patents

Ballast alternatif pour lampes à décharge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0496040B1
EP0496040B1 EP91117443A EP91117443A EP0496040B1 EP 0496040 B1 EP0496040 B1 EP 0496040B1 EP 91117443 A EP91117443 A EP 91117443A EP 91117443 A EP91117443 A EP 91117443A EP 0496040 B1 EP0496040 B1 EP 0496040B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
lamp
control unit
supply voltage
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91117443A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0496040A1 (fr
Inventor
Ferdinand Mertens
Fred Dr. Hasemann
Norbert Wittig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trilux GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Trilux Lenze GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trilux Lenze GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Trilux Lenze GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0496040A1 publication Critical patent/EP0496040A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0496040B1 publication Critical patent/EP0496040B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
    • H05B41/298—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2988—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the lamp against abnormal operating conditions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an AC ballast for electrical discharge lamps, and in particular for fluorescent lamps which have heated electrodes.
  • An electronic ballast according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from AT-B-358 134.
  • the control unit controls the first switch in the blocking state and the second switch in the conductive state, so that the lamp current, which previously flowed through the first switch, now flows through the now closed circuit only under the effect of the energy stored in the inductance of the coil and thereby decreases.
  • the two switches are switched back to the mains-fed operating position, the first switch being switched on and the second switch being blocked.
  • the peak areas of the sinusoidal supply voltage are cut off and the energy stored in the coil is discharged during the times of the peak areas of the supply voltage.
  • a coil of high inductance which is heavy is required.
  • the efficiency of such a circuit is low because only the lower areas of the supply voltage are used for energy transmission to the lamp and the lamp is supplied with a relatively low voltage.
  • ballast for a discharge lamp in which a first switch with a series connection on an inductance and discharge lamp is connected in series, while a second switch is connected in parallel with this series connection and a third switch is connected in parallel with the discharge lamp is.
  • This ballast is intended for connection to a DC voltage source, the first two switches forming a half-bridge inverter and the switch lying in parallel with the discharge lamp being used in conjunction with the inductor to generate ignition pulses for the discharge lamp.
  • the switches are only controlled in a time-dependent manner according to a predetermined cycle.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a ballast that has a very good efficiency and manages with a low inductance.
  • the lamp is only operated continuously with the third switch locked, that is to say without a short circuit, when the amplitude of the supply voltage is greater than the limit value.
  • the limit value is preferably set to the value at which the lamp would not just go out. If the supply voltage is below the limit, the further switch is switched on and off alternately. When the further switch is in the conductive state, the inductance is charged via the first switch and in the off state of the further switch it is discharged via the lamp, a lamp voltage being produced on the lamp which is greater than the supply voltage. By switching the further switch at high frequency on and off it is thus achieved that the lamp voltage assumes a value, even with small amplitudes of the supply voltage, which is sufficient for maintaining the lamp operation.
  • the level of the lamp voltage that arises can be changed to the desired extent by changing the pulse duty factor and / or the frequency of actuation of the further switch.
  • the first switch is repeatedly switched on and off within a half-wave of the supply voltage when another switch is blocked. In this way, the amount of that energy can also be changed by changing the duty cycle and / or the frequency of this switching on and off be changed, which is transmitted to the lamp with a relatively large amplitude of the supply voltage.
  • the AC ballast according to the invention divides each half-wave of the supply voltage into three sections, namely a first section in which the amplitude is small, a second section in which the amplitude is large, and a third section in which the amplitude is again small .
  • the inductance is constantly charged and discharged by high-frequency switching, so that a high-frequency alternating voltage of the desired amplitude is produced on the lamp.
  • the supply voltage can be continuously switched through in the second section.
  • This type of conversion of the AC supply voltage into a high-frequency AC voltage has the result that the lamp does not go out even in the transition region between two half-waves of the supply voltage.
  • the energy that can be transmitted to the lamp within a half-wave of the supply voltage is considerably greater than with a direct AC voltage supply to the lamp, because the outer limit regions of the half-wave are better utilized.
  • the AC ballast according to the invention can be operated or set so that practically no harmonics are generated that would have to be kept away from the network by filtering. If the setting is made so that harmonics occur, then these harmonics are so high-frequency that they are without large effort can be filtered out, so that the filter effort is significantly reduced compared to a DC ballast.
  • the ballast shown in Fig. 1 contains a low-pass filter TP, which is connected to the lines L and N of the AC supply network, to which the line voltage U N of, for example, 50 Hz and 230 V is present.
  • the line N is pulled through the low-pass filter TP.
  • the series circuit comprising an electronic switch S1 and a discharge branch 10 containing a second electronic switch S2 is connected to the output of the low-pass filter TP.
  • the switches S1 and S2 are operated inversely to one another, ie if the switch S1 is blocked, the switch S2 is conductive, and if the switch S1 is conductive, the switch S2 is blocked.
  • the inductance L which is connected in series with the discharge lamp EL, is connected to the connection point of the two switches S1 and S2.
  • the series connection of inductance L and discharge lamp EL is connected in parallel to the second switch S2.
  • the lamp EL is a fluorescent lamp which has two heatable electrodes E1 and E2, each with two electrode connections.
  • the one electrode connections of the electrodes E1 and E2 are connected to one another by a third electronic switch S3, which can short-circuit the lamp EL.
  • All electronic switches S1, S2 and S3 are controlled by the control unit SE, which is, for example, a microprocessor.
  • the control unit SE is connected to the lines N and L and therefore receives the respective amplitude of the supply voltage U N.
  • the control unit is connected to a line leading to the electrode E1 so that it receives the lamp voltage U LA .
  • the control unit can be connected to a current detector D, which measures the lamp current and supplies the control unit with a corresponding signal.
  • the switches S1, S2 and S3 must be bidirectional switches, for example FETs, BIP transistors or IGBT transistors (isolated gate bipolar transistor) contained in the direct current branch of a full bridge rectifier.
  • the switches are shown as mechanical switches only for ease of understanding.
  • FIG. 2 shows the type of control of the various electronic switches by the control unit SE during a half-wave of the supply voltage U N.
  • U G At a limit value U G is set in the control unit on a manually operated adjusting device A.
  • the switch S1 is conductive (FIG. 2b) and the switch S2 is blocked (FIG. 2c).
  • FIG. 2d shows, the switch S3 is alternately switched on and off at a high frequency in this state. This frequency is on the order of 30 to 40 kHz. While switch S3 is conductive, a current flows through switch S3 via conductive switch S1 and inductance L. The inductance L is charged by this current.
  • the inductance L tries to maintain the current, the coil current then flowing through the lamp EL.
  • the lamp is therefore flowed through by high-frequency current pulses, the time interval between which is so small that the lamp cannot go out between two pulses.
  • the lamp voltage U LA receives the amplitude required for lamp operation with each current pulse.
  • the third switch S3 is blocked and the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are switched on and off alternately with high-frequency control. While switch S1 is conductive and switch S2 is blocked, a current flows through switch S1, inductance L and lamp EL. Then switch S1 blocked and the switch S2 conductive, the inductance L discharges through the lamp EL and the switch S2.
  • the frequency of the pulses with which the switches S1 and S2 are controlled in the middle section of the half-wave of the supply voltage is also 30 to 40 kHz.
  • the limit value U G By changing the limit value U G by adjusting the adjusting device A, the division of the individual sections of the half-wave of the supply voltage can be changed.
  • the limit is set to an amplitude of the lamp supply voltage at which the lamp would not go out.
  • the control unit can be designed such that it sets the duty cycle of the operation of the switches S1, S2 and the duty cycle of the operation of the switch S3 such that a desired lamp voltage U LA (as High-frequency voltage).
  • the current detector D it is also possible to use the current detector D to detect the lamp current and to carry out the regulation of the duty cycles in such a way that the lamp current remains constant. Basically, the lamp current is proportional to the lamp voltage.
  • the lamp power P L is dependent on the time in each case with two half-waves the supply voltage.
  • Figure 3a shows the case that would result if the lamp were an ohmic resistor.
  • the lamp power would be wherein R would represent the lamp resistance U LA 2 / R. It can be seen that the lamp power is exposed to strong fluctuations within a period of the supply voltage.
  • 3b shows the lamp power that can be transmitted in the three regions of a half-wave of the supply voltage if the goal is to make the power transmission as even as possible over time. It can be seen that the power transferred to the lamp can be made virtually constant over time, with a brief dip B only occurring between two successive half-waves, in which the lamp does not go out, however.
  • 3c shows a form of the power curve of the lamp which, when set on the control unit SE, causes limited permissible harmonics at the input of the ballast.
  • the high-frequency operation of the switches ensures that the inductance can be relatively small, so that a small and lightweight coil is sufficient for this.
  • the time during which the inductance L is traversed by current and is being charged that is to say the time of the charging pulses of the high frequency, is a measure of the level of the voltage which is generated on the lamp when the inductance L is discharged.
  • the charging time can be changed by changing the duty cycle of the high-frequency pulses. If the amplitude of the supply voltage is small, the charging pulses must be longer than with a large amplitude in order to provide the same energy to the lamp.
  • the inductance is completely discharged after each charge. However, it is also possible to change the frequency of the high-frequency control in order to influence the energy which is transmitted to the lamp in each period of the high-frequency control.
  • the function of the control unit SE with stationary lamp operation has been described above.
  • the control unit also controls the preheating and starting phases.
  • the preheating phase the switch S3 is turned on, the switches S1 and S2 are operated at high frequency, so that a heating current flows through the lamp electrodes E1 and E2.
  • the ignition phase then takes place after a predetermined period of time.
  • the switch S3 is switched alternately into the conductive and the blocked state when the first switch S1 is conductive. This generates burst pulses that ignite the lamp.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 corresponds to that of FIG. 1, with the difference that the discharge branch 10 contains a capacitor C1 instead of the second electronic switch S2.
  • the control device SE controls the first electronic switch S1 in the same way as in the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the inductance L is charged via it in the manner described above.
  • the capacitor C1 is also charged.
  • the switch S1 is switched to the blocking state, the inductance L discharges through the capacitor C1, so that a current flows through this capacitor and the capacitor the same It functions like a switch that is in the conducting state.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 offers the advantage that the electronic switch S2, including the associated full bridge rectifier, is saved.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Ballast alternatif pour lampes à décharge, avec
       un montage en série pouvant être raccordé à une tension d'alimentation alternative et composé d'un premier interrupteur électronique (S1), d'une inductance (L) et d'une lampe à décharge (EL),
       une dérivation de décharge (10), connectée en série avec le premier interrupteur électronique (S1), qui shunte le montage en série composé de l'inductance (L) et de la lampe à décharge (EL), la dérivation de décharge (10) déchargeant l'inductance (L), en cas de fermeture du premier interrupteur (S1), par la lampe à décharge (EL),
       une unité de commande (SE) commandant le premier interrupteur électronique (S1),
    caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un autre interrupteur électronique (S3) shuntant les électrodes de la lampe à décharge (EL) et qui est commandé par l'unité de commande (SE) de telle manière que, lorsque le premier interrupteur (S1) est conducteur, il est plusieurs fois enclenché et déclenché dans une demi-onde de la tension d'alimentation, tant que la valeur momentanée de la tension d'alimentation est inférieure à une valeur limite (UG), cette valeur limite étant réglée à une valeur de la tension d'alimentation à laquelle la lampe à décharge ne s'éteindrait pas.
  2. Ballast suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lorsque l'autre interrupteur (S3) est fermé, le premier interrupteur (S1) est plusieurs fois enclenché et déclenché dans une demi-onde de la tension d'alimentation, tant que l'amplitude de la tension d'alimentation est supérieure à la valeur limite (UG).
  3. Ballast suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commande (SE) commande le premier interrupteur (S1) par des impulsions d'une fréquence prédéterminée, le taux d'impulsions des impulsions étant variable.
  4. Ballast suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commande (SE) commande l'autre interrupteur (S3) par des impulsions d'une fréquence prédéterminée, le taux d'impulsions des impulsions étant variable.
  5. Ballast suivant la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commande (SE) reçoit une information sur la tension de lampe ou le courant de lampe et modifie le taux d'impulsions de telle manière que la tension de lampe ou le courant de lampe adopte une valeur constante prédéterminée.
  6. Ballast suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commande (SE) commande le premier interrupteur (S1) par des impulsions de fréquence variable.
  7. Ballast suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commande (SE) commande l'autre interrupteur (S3)par des impulsions de fréquence variable.
  8. Ballast suivant la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commande (SE) reçoit une information sur la tension de lampe ou le courant de lampe et modifie la fréquence des impulsions de telle manière que la tension de lampe ou le courant de lampe adopte une valeur constante prédéterminée.
  9. Ballast suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commande (SE), dans une phase de préchauffage, commute les premier et autre interrupteurs (S1, S3) à l'état conducteur et, dans une phase d'allumage, commute l'autre interrupteur (S3), lorsque le premier interrupteur (S1) est conducteur, alternativement à l'état conducteur et à l'état bloqué.
  10. Ballast suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la dérivation de décharge (10) contient un second interrupteur électronique (S2) qui est commandé inversement au premier interrupteur électronique (S1).
  11. Ballast suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la dérivation de décharge (10) contient un condensateur (C1).
EP91117443A 1991-01-24 1991-10-12 Ballast alternatif pour lampes à décharge Expired - Lifetime EP0496040B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4101980A DE4101980A1 (de) 1991-01-24 1991-01-24 Wechselspannungs-vorschaltgeraet fuer elektrische entladungslampen
DE4101980 1991-01-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0496040A1 EP0496040A1 (fr) 1992-07-29
EP0496040B1 true EP0496040B1 (fr) 1994-12-28

Family

ID=6423585

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91117443A Expired - Lifetime EP0496040B1 (fr) 1991-01-24 1991-10-12 Ballast alternatif pour lampes à décharge

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0496040B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE116509T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4101980A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4128314A1 (de) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-04 Diehl Gmbh & Co Stromversorgungsschaltung
ATE167352T1 (de) * 1992-11-06 1998-06-15 Trilux Lenze Gmbh & Co Kg Wechselspannungs-vorschaltgerät für elektrische entladungslampen
US5652481A (en) * 1994-06-10 1997-07-29 Beacon Light Products, Inc. Automatic state tranition controller for a fluorescent lamp
US5631523A (en) * 1995-09-19 1997-05-20 Beacon Light Products, Inc. Method of regulating lamp current through a fluorescent lamp by pulse energizing a driving supply
WO1997011586A1 (fr) * 1995-09-19 1997-03-27 Beacon Light Products, Inc. Procede de regulation du courant traversant une lampe fluorescente base sur l'excitation par impulsions d'une alimentation de commande

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3505562A (en) * 1968-04-29 1970-04-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Single transistor inverter with a gas tube connected directly to the transistor
DE2332682C2 (de) * 1973-06-25 1985-06-27 Deutsche Itt Industries Gmbh, 7800 Freiburg Schaltung zur Helligkeitssteuerung von Gasentladungslampen
HU173720B (hu) * 1976-04-08 1979-07-28 Egyesuelt Izzolampa Ehlektroskhema dlja ehskpluatacii gazorazrjadnoj lampi
US4604552A (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-08-05 General Electric Company Retrofit fluorescent lamp energy management/dimming system
US4873471A (en) * 1986-03-28 1989-10-10 Thomas Industries Inc. High frequency ballast for gaseous discharge lamps
FR2617363A1 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1988-12-30 Omega Electronics Sa Dispositif d'alimentation d'une lampe a decharge
DE4010435A1 (de) * 1990-03-31 1991-10-02 Trilux Lenze Gmbh & Co Kg Vorschaltgeraet fuer eine leuchtstofflampe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0496040A1 (fr) 1992-07-29
DE59104073D1 (de) 1995-02-09
DE4101980A1 (de) 1992-08-06
ATE116509T1 (de) 1995-01-15

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