EP0493315B1 - Sealing - Google Patents
Sealing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0493315B1 EP0493315B1 EP91810935A EP91810935A EP0493315B1 EP 0493315 B1 EP0493315 B1 EP 0493315B1 EP 91810935 A EP91810935 A EP 91810935A EP 91810935 A EP91810935 A EP 91810935A EP 0493315 B1 EP0493315 B1 EP 0493315B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plastic layer
- depressions
- seal
- plastic
- seal according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C19/00—Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/10—Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
- F01C21/104—Stators; Members defining the outer boundaries of the working chamber
Definitions
- the invention relates to a seal between parts that move relative to one another.
- Seals of this type are known, for example, from DE-A-33 26 852, DE-A-36 21 178, EP-A-0 109 823 and EP-A-0 267 559.
- Their plastic layer is said to be by grinding in the parts enable an automatic formation of as narrow a sealing gap as possible.
- This results in recesses which are open to the outside and have the shape of partially cut off bubbles of the foam plastic structure. From this literature it can be seen that there are difficulties in preventing the plastic layer from being detached by centrifugal forces and that on the other hand a sufficiently thinner layer is not sufficient to bridge the gaps required due to manufacturing tolerances and to allow it to run in on the entire desired surface.
- EP-A-0 267 559 proposes, in order to avoid the problem of detachment by centrifugal force, to provide the plastic coating applied in a mold as far as possible only on inward-facing surfaces of a rotary machine, so that the centrifugal forces bring about a pressure on the plastic layer.
- the known seals of the type mentioned have the further disadvantage that when used on machines with changing temperature loads, e.g. for charging internal combustion engines, the desired tight sealing gaps cannot be achieved due to the thermal insulation effect of the porous plastic layer.
- This insulation effect means that the part carrying the plastic layer cannot follow the thermal expansions of the adjacent other part that occur when the machine is started up and after it has been switched off.
- the enclosing housing thus cools down first and thus shrinks onto the hot, enclosed runner, so that its plastic layer is excessively ground or rubbed off.
- the housing expands first, so that there are correspondingly wide gaps on the seal compared to the cold runner.
- the invention has for its object to find a seal of the type mentioned, which is easy to manufacture, which enables tight sealing gaps and which has a fundamentally improved reliable effect.
- This object is achieved according to the invention on the basis of the characterizing features of patent claim 1.
- Claim 8 indicates the use of such seals in a rotary piston machine.
- the plastic layer of the seal according to the invention is produced by foaming a plastic layer and then reducing the thickness of the plastic layer by removal until the bubbles adjacent to the base form recesses which are open to the outside.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the bubbles adjoining the base area of a foamed plastic layer essentially all have the same very small distance from the base area, so that the numerous depressions which result after removal of part of the layer favor heat transfer Form an open connection at least up to the base area.
- the small amount of plastic remaining in relation to the thickness of the layer leads to lower centrifugal forces on the plastic layer and thus to lower stresses on its adhesive surface, so that the risk of detachment is significantly reduced.
- the plastic layer can be made so thick that after the assembly of the machine part in question it initially bridges the gap in the seal required for production until it is When the machine runs in and the parts are ground in, an ideal gap between these parts results.
- it can be advantageous to prepare some surfaces of the counter-engagement parts or counter-rolling parts in an abrasive manner.
- the automatic running-in takes place in a very short time, since only the narrow, membrane-like partitions between the depressions with linear contact have to be partially erased. Damage to the abrasive surfaces is avoided.
- an advantageous effect is achieved in that the depressions together form a honeycomb-like surface structure and consequently there is a substantially improved sealing effect in the sealing gap due to the resulting labyrinth effect.
- the plastic layer having the depressions is advantageously provided on the surface regions of a rotating machine part, at which the centrifugal force is directed away from the machine part, so that the depressions point in the direction are open to the centrifugal force and impurities are thrown out of them. This increases the reliability or durability of the seal.
- FIGS. 3 to 7 and 9 to 13 illustrate the basic structure of the plastic layer 1 of a seal according to the invention, of which application examples are shown in FIGS. 3 to 7 and 9 to 13.
- the right part of the illustration shows a plastic layer 3 foamed on the machine part 2, in which the bubbles 4 are theoretically arranged in the manner of a spherical packing.
- the bubbles 4 of a lowermost bubble layer 6 are at the same very small distance from the base area 5, on which the plastic layer 1 adheres, which results from the fact that the bubble formation also takes place adjacent to this base area 5. This very small distance is given by the thin plastic layer 7 surrounding a bubble 4.
- the bubbles 4 arranged above the lowermost bubble layer are no longer at the same distance from the base area 5 in a practically designed foamed plastic layer, so that it is only possible by cutting open the lowermost bubble layer 6 to produce a regular arrangement of adjacent depressions 8 of the same depth and thus to create a honeycomb-like surface structure, as shown in FIG.
- This surface structure should be aimed for as uniformly as possible in order to obtain an optimal labyrinth effect evenly distributed in the sealing gap of a seal according to the invention.
- Honeycomb-like surface structures for sealing gaps produced in a purely mechanical manner from metallic material are known, for example, from US Pat. No. 4,218,066.
- the foamed plastic layer can be removed in various ways, e.g. by milling, turning or grinding. It should be noted that, taking into account any additional grinding in later when running in a machine in question, the ratio of the depth to the width of the depressions must be sufficient to achieve a good labyrinth effect in the sealing gap. This is achieved, for example, when the bubbles are cut open by 30 to 60% of their diameter, so that the resulting depressions 8 are delimited from adjacent depressions 8 by at least approximately diagonally free-ended membrane-like walls 9 directed away from the base area 5.
- the structure and mode of operation of the rotary lobe machines according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is known from DE-A-34 32 915 (US-A-4,714, 417 and US-A-4,801,255). It has an inner rotor 11 and an outer rotor 12, which rotate about fixed geometric axes 13 and 14, so that high rotational speeds are possible.
- the peripheral surface 15 and the side surfaces 16, 17 of the inner rotor 11 are provided with the plastic layer 18 of a seal according to the invention, so that at least the plastic layer 18 covering the peripheral surface 15 is exposed to centrifugal forces which act radially outwards in the direction of the opening 20 of the depressions 8, so that no impurities can collect in the depressions 8 and their labyrinth effect is retained.
- a seal according to the invention of the inner rotor 11 is thus present in the area 22 with respect to the peripheral part 21 of the machine housing, with respect to the housing end parts 23, 24 and with respect to the inner surfaces 26 of the outer rotor 12.
- the plastic layer of a seal according to the invention can also be provided on the outer rotor 12, preferably on its outer surfaces 28 or also on the inner surface 29 of the housing.
- FIG. 5 to 8 show seals of a rapidly rotating machine shaft 30 with respect to a stationary housing 31, the plastic layer 32, 32 'having the depressions 8 preferably according to FIG. 5 directly on the shaft 30 or corresponding to FIG. 6 on one on the shaft 30 mounted sleeve 34 is provided.
- a counter sleeve 35 of the seal is also provided on the machine housing 31, on which the plastic layer has optimal running-in properties.
- the plastic layer 32 ′′ of the seal is also provided on a sleeve 36 which is held in a housing bore 37.
- This outer arrangement of the plastic layer forming the labyrinth corresponds to the known arrangement of a conventional labyrinth seal 38 shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show the sealing of the side part 40 'of the outer rotor 12 of a rotary piston machine of the type according to Fig.3, 4 with respect to a housing end part 24'.
- the plastic layer 41 is arranged in the form of a flat circular ring in a plane directed radially to the axis of rotation 14 of the outer rotor 12 and runs parallel to a radially directed surface 42 of the housing end part 24 '.
- the plastic layer 44 of the seal encloses the corner region 45 of the outer rotor in a rectangular shape and continues into the peripheral surface of the outer rotor 12 in a manner not shown.
- part 52 of the inner surface of the housing may have a plastic layer, not shown, along which surface 53 of rotor 50 not having this plastic layer moves.
- the plastic layer 55 has a continuous cross-section along the meandering contour of the inner surface of the machine housing 56.
- This exemplary embodiment illustrates the advantage that is provided by the possibility of applying the plastic layer in the painting process.
- the plastic layer can be provided in a manner not shown, preferably on the outer surfaces 57, 58, 60, 61 of the rotor 59, so that its movement keeps the depressions 8 of the plastic layer 55 clean.
- the low thermal insulation according to the task, which results from the plastic layer according to the invention, is illustrated by a comparison of the thermal conductivities of aluminum, from which e.g. there is a runner carrying the plastic layer, plastic and foam plastic.
- the ratio is 1: 0.001: 0.0001. It should be noted that the thickness of the remaining insulating layer made of plastic at the bottom of the depressions is negligible compared to the total thickness of the plastic layer having the depressions.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abdichtung zwischen relativ zueinander bewegten Teilen gemäss dem Oberbergriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a seal between parts that move relative to one another.
Abdichtungen dieser Art sind beispielsweise bekannt durch die DE-A-33 26 852, die DE-A- 36 21 178, die EP-A-0 109 823 und die EP-A-0 267 559. Ihre Kunststoffschicht soll durch Einschleifen der Teile aneinander eine selbsttätige Ausbildung eines möglichst engen Dichtspaltes ermöglichen. Bei Verwendung einer Kunststoffschicht mit Schaumstoffstruktur, ergeben sich dabei nach aussen offene Vertiefungen, die die Form von teilweise abgeschnittenen Blasen der Schaumkunststoffstruktur aufweisen. Dieser Literatur ist zu entnehmen, dass Schwierigkeiten bestehen, eine Ablösung der Kunststoffschicht durch Fliehkräfte zu verhindern und dass eine ausreichend dünnere Schicht andererseits nicht ausreicht, um die aufgrund von Fertigungstoleranzen erforderlichen Spalte zu überbrücken und ein Einlaufen auf der gesamten, gewünschten Oberfläche zu ermöglichen.Seals of this type are known, for example, from DE-A-33 26 852, DE-A-36 21 178, EP-A-0 109 823 and EP-A-0 267 559. Their plastic layer is said to be by grinding in the parts enable an automatic formation of as narrow a sealing gap as possible. When using a plastic layer with a foam structure, this results in recesses which are open to the outside and have the shape of partially cut off bubbles of the foam plastic structure. From this literature it can be seen that there are difficulties in preventing the plastic layer from being detached by centrifugal forces and that on the other hand a sufficiently thinner layer is not sufficient to bridge the gaps required due to manufacturing tolerances and to allow it to run in on the entire desired surface.
Durch die EP-A-0 267 559 wird zur Vermeidung des Problems der Ablösung durch Fliehkraft vorgeschlagen, die in einer Form aufgebrachte Kunststoffbeschichtung möglichst nur an nach innen gerichteten Flächen einer Rotationsmaschine vorzusehen, so dass die Fliehkräfte eine Anpressung der Kunststoffschicht bewirken.EP-A-0 267 559 proposes, in order to avoid the problem of detachment by centrifugal force, to provide the plastic coating applied in a mold as far as possible only on inward-facing surfaces of a rotary machine, so that the centrifugal forces bring about a pressure on the plastic layer.
Bei den bekannten Abdichtungen der genannten Art ergibt sich der weitere Nachteil, dass bei ihrer Anwendung an Maschinen mit wechselnden Temperaturbelastungen, z.B. für die Aufladung von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, sich die angestrebten engen Dichtspalte aufgrund der thermischen Isolationswirkung der porösen Kunststoffschicht nicht erzielen lassen. Diese Isolationswirkung führt dazu, dass das die Kunststoffschicht tragende Teil den beim Inbetriebsetzen der Maschine und nach ihrem Abschalten auftretenden Wärmedehnungen des angrenzenden anderen Teils nicht verzögerungsfrei folgen kann. Bei einer Rotationmaschine kühlt sich somit das umschliessende Gehäuse zuerst ab und schrumpft sich somit auf den noch heissen, eingeschlossenen Läufer auf, so dass dessen Kunststoffschicht übermässig abgeschliffen bzw. abgerieben wird. Beim Aufwärmen der Maschine dehnt sich anschliessend das Gehäuse zuerst aus, so dass sich gegenüber dem noch kalten Läufer entsprechend breite Spalte an der Abdichtung ergeben.The known seals of the type mentioned have the further disadvantage that when used on machines with changing temperature loads, e.g. for charging internal combustion engines, the desired tight sealing gaps cannot be achieved due to the thermal insulation effect of the porous plastic layer. This insulation effect means that the part carrying the plastic layer cannot follow the thermal expansions of the adjacent other part that occur when the machine is started up and after it has been switched off. In the case of a rotary machine, the enclosing housing thus cools down first and thus shrinks onto the hot, enclosed runner, so that its plastic layer is excessively ground or rubbed off. When the machine is warmed up, the housing expands first, so that there are correspondingly wide gaps on the seal compared to the cold runner.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Abdichtung der genannten Art zu finden, die sich leicht herstellen lässt, die enge Dichtspalte ermöglicht und die eine grundsätzlich verbesserte zuverlässige Wirkung aufweist. Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäss aufgrund der kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1. Anspruch 8 Kennzeichnet die Verwendung solcher Abdichtungen bei einer Rotationskolbenmaschine.The invention has for its object to find a seal of the type mentioned, which is easy to manufacture, which enables tight sealing gaps and which has a fundamentally improved reliable effect. This object is achieved according to the invention on the basis of the characterizing features of
Die Herstellung der Kunststoffschicht der erfindungsgemässen Abdichtung erfolgt durch Aufschäumen einer Kunststoffschicht und anschliessendes Reduzieren der Dicke der Kunststoffschicht durch Abtragen so weit, bis die an die Grundfläche angrenzenden Blasen Vertiefungen bilden, die nach aussen geöffnet sind.The plastic layer of the seal according to the invention is produced by foaming a plastic layer and then reducing the thickness of the plastic layer by removal until the bubbles adjacent to the base form recesses which are open to the outside.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass die an die Grundfläche angrenzenden Blasen einer an dieser aufgeschäumten Kunststoffschicht im wesentlichen alle den gleichen sehr geringen Abstand von der Grundfläche haben, so dass die sich nach dem Abtragen eines Teils der Schicht ergebenden zahlreichen Vertiefungen eine die Wärmeübertragung begünstigende offene Verbindung zumindest bis nahe an die Grundfläche bilden.The invention is based on the knowledge that the bubbles adjoining the base area of a foamed plastic layer essentially all have the same very small distance from the base area, so that the numerous depressions which result after removal of part of the layer favor heat transfer Form an open connection at least up to the base area.
Die starke Isolationswirkung eines geschäumten Kunststoffes wird somit vermieden, ohne dass auf das geringe spezifische Gewicht und die Möglichkeit des Einschleifens des angrenzenden Maschinenteiles an dieser Kunststoffschicht verzichtet werden muss.The strong insulating effect of a foamed plastic is thus avoided without having to do without the low specific weight and the possibility of grinding in the adjacent machine part on this plastic layer.
Die im Verhältnis zur Dicke der Schicht geringe verbleibende Kunststoffmenge führt zu geringeren Zentrifugalkräften an der Kunststoffschicht und somit zu geringen Spannungen an ihrer Haftfläche , so dass die Gefahr eines Ablösens wesentlich verringert ist.The small amount of plastic remaining in relation to the thickness of the layer leads to lower centrifugal forces on the plastic layer and thus to lower stresses on its adhesive surface, so that the risk of detachment is significantly reduced.
Weiterhin kann die Kunststoffschicht durch die Festlegung der Grösse der Blasen für die Ausbildung der Vertiefungen aufgrund der Wahl der hierfür erforderlichen bekannten verfahrenstechnischen Bedingungen so dick ausgeführt werden, dass sie nach der Montage des betreffenden Maschinenteils den fertigungstechnisch notwendigen Spalt an der Abdichtung anfänglich überbrückt, bis sich beim Einlaufen der Maschine und damit Einschleifen der Teile aneinander eine ideale Spaltbreite zwischen diesen Teilen ergibt. Dafür kann es vorteilhaft sein, einige Flächen der Gegeneingriffsteile oder Gegenabwälzteile abrasiv vorzubereiten. Das selbsttätige Einlaufen erfolgt in sehr kurzer Zeit, da nur die schmalen, membranartigen Trennwände zwischen den Vertiefungen mit linienförmigem Kontakt teilweise abradiert werden müssen. Eine Beschädigung der abrasiv wirkenden Flächen wird vermieden.Furthermore, by determining the size of the bubbles for the formation of the depressions based on the choice of the known procedural conditions required for this, the plastic layer can be made so thick that after the assembly of the machine part in question it initially bridges the gap in the seal required for production until it is When the machine runs in and the parts are ground in, an ideal gap between these parts results. For this purpose, it can be advantageous to prepare some surfaces of the counter-engagement parts or counter-rolling parts in an abrasive manner. The automatic running-in takes place in a very short time, since only the narrow, membrane-like partitions between the depressions with linear contact have to be partially erased. Damage to the abrasive surfaces is avoided.
Weiterhin wird ein vorteilhafter Effekt erzielt, indem die Vertiefungen gemeinsam eine bienenwabenartige Oberflächenstruktur bilden und folglich eine wesentlich verbesserte Dichtwirkung im Dichtspalt durch den sich ergebenden Labyrintheffekt vorhanden ist.Furthermore, an advantageous effect is achieved in that the depressions together form a honeycomb-like surface structure and consequently there is a substantially improved sealing effect in the sealing gap due to the resulting labyrinth effect.
Vorteilhaft wird die die Vertiefungen aufweisende Kunststoffschicht an den Oberflächenbereichen eines rotierenden Maschinenteils vorgesehen, an denen die Zentrifugalkraft vom Maschinenteil weggerichtet ist, so dass die Vertiefungen in Richtung der Zentrifugalkraft offen sind und Verunreinigungen aus ihnen herausgeschleudert werden. Dies erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit bzw. Dauerhaftigkeit der Abdichtung.The plastic layer having the depressions is advantageously provided on the surface regions of a rotating machine part, at which the centrifugal force is directed away from the machine part, so that the depressions point in the direction are open to the centrifugal force and impurities are thrown out of them. This increases the reliability or durability of the seal.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Anwendungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Patentansprüche und werden im folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen beispielhaft beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig.1
- eine vergrösserte Schnittdarstellung eines die Kunststoffschicht tragenden Bereiches eines Maschinenteiles, senkrecht zu dessen Oberfläche, mit teilweise abgetragener Schicht,
- Fig.2
- eine Draufsicht auf den Bereich nach Fig.1,
- Fig.3
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Drehkolbenmaschine, deren Innenläufer die Kunststoffschicht einer erfindungsgemässen Abdichtung aufweist,
- Fig.4
- einen Längsschnitt der Maschine nach Fig.3 in einer die Drehachsen enthaltenden Ebene,
- Fig.5 bis Fig.7
- Axialschnitte von Wellenabdichtungen gemäss der Erfindung,
- Fig.8
- einen Axialschnitt einer vorbekannten Labyrinthdichtung,
- Fig.9
- einen Querschnitt im Seitenwandbereich einer Drehkolbenmaschine des Typs der Fig.3 und 4,
- Fig.10
- eine Darstellung entsprechend Fig.9 mit einer anderen Variante der Anordnung einer erfindungsgemässen Abdichtung,
- Fig.11
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Drehkolbenmaschine des Typs ROOTS;
- Fig.12
- einen Querschnitt durch einen Spiralverdichter ("G-Lader"), mit einer erfindungsgemässen Abdichtung und
- Fig.13
- einen achsparallelen Schnitt durch einen Bereich des Spiralverdichters nach Fig.12.
- Fig. 1
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged sectional illustration of an area of a machine part that supports the plastic layer, perpendicular to its surface, with a partially removed layer,
- Fig. 2
- 2 shows a plan view of the area according to FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3
- 3 shows a cross section through a rotary piston machine, the inner rotor of which has the plastic layer of a seal according to the invention,
- Fig. 4
- 3 shows a longitudinal section of the machine according to FIG. 3 in a plane containing the axes of rotation,
- Fig. 5 to Fig. 7
- Axial sections of shaft seals according to the invention,
- Fig. 8
- an axial section of a known labyrinth seal,
- Fig. 9
- 3 shows a cross section in the side wall region of a rotary piston machine of the type in FIGS. 3 and 4,
- Fig. 10
- 9 shows another representation of the arrangement of a seal according to the invention,
- Fig. 11
- a cross section through a rotary piston machine of the type ROOTS;
- Fig. 12
- a cross section through a scroll compressor ("G-charger"), with a seal according to the invention and
- Fig. 13
- an axially parallel section through an area of the scroll compressor according to Fig.12.
Die schematischen Darstellungen der Fig.1 und 2 veranschaulichen den grundsätzlichen Aufbau der Kunststoffschicht 1 einer erfindungsgemässen Abdichtung, von der Anwendungsbeispiele in den Fig.3 bis 7 und 9 bis 13 gezeigt sind. Der rechte Teil der Darstellung zeigt eine auf dem Maschinenteil 2 aufgeschäumte Kunststoffschicht 3, in der die Blasen 4 theoretisch nach Art einer Kugelpackung angeordnet sind. Zu der Grundfläche 5, auf der die Kunststoffschicht 1 haftet, haben die Blasen 4 einer untersten Blasenschicht 6 den gleichen sehr geringen Abstand, der sich dadurch ergibt, dass die Blasenbildung auch angrenzend an diese Grundfläche 5 erfolgt. Dieser sehr geringe Abstand ist durch die dünne, eine Blase 4 umschliessende Kunststoffschicht 7 gegeben.1 and 2 illustrate the basic structure of the
Im Gegensatz zu der regelmässigen Anordnung einer theoretischen Kugelpackung, befinden sich in einer praktisch ausgeführten aufgeschäumten Kunststoffschicht die über der untersten Blasenschicht angeordneten Blasen 4 nicht mehr im gleichen Abstand zu der Grundfläche 5, so dass es nur durch Aufschneiden der untersten Blasenschicht 6 möglich ist, eine regelmässige Anordnung von aneinandergrenzenden Vertiefungen 8 gleicher Tiefe herzustellen und somit eine bienenwabenartige Oberflächenstruktur entstehen zu lassen, wie sie Fig.2 gezeigt ist. Diese Oberflächenstruktur ist möglichst gleichmässig anzustreben, um im Dichtspalt einer erfindungsgemässen Abdichtung gleichmässig verteilt einen optimalen Labyrintheffekt zu erhalten. Auf rein mechanische Weise aus metallischem Material hergestellte bienenwabenartige Oberflächenstrukturen für Dichtspalte sind beispielsweise durch die US-A-4,218,066 bekannt.In contrast to the regular arrangement of a theoretical spherical packing, the
Um bei der erforderlichen weitgehenden Verringerung der geschäumten Kunststoffschicht eine Restschicht von ausreichender Dicke von z.B. weniger als 0,5 mm zu erhalten, wie sie als Beispiel im linken Teil der Fig.1 dargestellt ist, ist es erforderlich, die Blasen entsprechend gross, z.B. mit 0,8 mm im Durchmesser auszubilden. Die hierfür erforderliche verfahrenstechnischen Bedingungen sind hinsichtlich z.B. Mischungsverhältnis der zu schäumenden Kunststoffmischung, Art der Vorbereitung der zu beschichteten Fläche, Oberflächenstruktur, Entfettung, Temperatur u.s.w. ausreichend bekannt.In order to obtain a residual layer of sufficient thickness, e.g. To obtain less than 0.5 mm, as shown as an example in the left part of Fig. 1, it is necessary to make the bubbles correspondingly large, e.g. with a diameter of 0.8 mm. The procedural conditions required for this are e.g. Mixing ratio of the plastic mixture to be foamed, type of preparation of the surface to be coated, surface structure, degreasing, temperature, etc. well known.
Das Abtragen der geschäumten Kunststoffschicht kann auf verschiedene Weise erfolgen, z.B. durch Fräsen, Drehen oder Schleifen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass unter Berücksichtigung eines eventuellen späteren zusätzlichen Einschleifens beim Einlaufen einer betreffenden Maschine, das Verhältnis der Tiefe zur Weite der Vertiefungen ausreichend sein muss, um einen guten Labyrintheffekt im Dichtspalt zu erzielen. Dies wird beispielsweise erreicht, wenn die Blasen um 30 bis 60% ihres Durchmessers aufgeschnitten werden, so dass die somit entstehenden Vertiefungen 8 gegenüber benachbarten Vertiefungen 8 durch mindestens angenähert senkrecht von der Grundfläche 5 weggerichtete, frei endende membranartige Wände 9 begrenzt sind.The foamed plastic layer can be removed in various ways, e.g. by milling, turning or grinding. It should be noted that, taking into account any additional grinding in later when running in a machine in question, the ratio of the depth to the width of the depressions must be sufficient to achieve a good labyrinth effect in the sealing gap. This is achieved, for example, when the bubbles are cut open by 30 to 60% of their diameter, so that the resulting
Der Aufbau und die Wirkungsweise der Drehkolbenmaschinen nach Fig.3 und 4 ist bekannt durch die DE-A- 34 32 915 (US-A-4,714, 417 und US-A-4,801,255). Sie hat einen Innenläufer 11 und einen Aussenläufer 12, die sich um feststehende geometrische Achsen 13 und 14 drehen, so dass hohe Drehgeschwindigkeiten möglich sind. Die Umfangsfläche 15 und die Seitenflächen 16,17 des Innenläufers 11 sind mit der Kunststoffschicht 18 einer erfindungsgemässen Abdichtung versehen, so dass zumindest die die Umfangsfläche 15 überziehende Kunststoffschicht 18 Zentrifugalkräften ausgesetzt ist, die radial nach aussen in Richtung der Oeffnung 20 der Vertiefungen 8 wirken, so dass sich in den Vertiefungen 8 keine Verunreinigungen ansammeln können und ihre Labyrinthwirkung erhalten bleibt. Eine erfindungsgemässe Abdichtung des Innenläufers 11 ist somit gegenüber dem Umfangsteil 21 des Maschinengehäuses im Bereich 22, gegenüber den Gehäuseendteilen 23,24 und gegenüber den Innenflächen 26 des Aussenläufers 12 vorhanden. Obwohl im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel nicht gezeigt, kann die Kunststoffschicht einer erfindungsgemässen Abdichtung auch an dem Aussenläufer 12, bevorzugt an dessen Aussenflächen 28 oder auch an der Innenfläche 29 des Gehäuses vorgesehen sein.The structure and mode of operation of the rotary lobe machines according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is known from DE-A-34 32 915 (US-A-4,714, 417 and US-A-4,801,255). It has an
Die Fig.5 bis 8 zeigen Abdichtungen einer schnell drehenden Maschinenwelle 30 gegenüber einem stationären Gehäuse 31, wobei die die Vertiefungen 8 aufweisende Kunststoffschicht 32, 32′ vorzugsweise entsprechend Fig.5 unmittelbar auf der Welle 30 oder entsprechend Fig.6 an einer auf der Welle 30 montierten Hülse 34 vorgesehen ist. Nach Fig.6 ist ausserdem am Maschinengehäuse 31 eine Gegenhülse 35 der Abdichtung vorgesehen, an der die Kunststoffschicht optimale Einlaufeigenschaften hat. Auch nach Fig.7 ist die Kunststoffschicht 32" der Abdichtung an einer Hülse 36 vorgesehen, die in einer Gehäusebohrung 37 gehalten ist. Diese äussere Anordnung der das Labyrinth bildenden Kunststoffschicht entspricht der in Fig.8 gezeigten bekannten Anordnung einer herkömmlichen Labyrinthdichtung 38.5 to 8 show seals of a rapidly rotating
Die Fig.9 und 10 zeigen die Abdichtung des Seitenteils 40′ des Aussenläufers 12 einer Drehkolbenmaschinen der Art nach Fig.3, 4 gegenüber einem Gehäuseendteil 24′. Nach Fig.9 ist die Kunststoffschicht 41 in Form eines flachen Kreisringes in einer radial zur Drehachse 14 des Aussenläufers 12 gerichteten Ebene angeordnet und verläuft parallel zu einer radial gerichteten Fläche 42 des Gehäuseendteiles 24′. Im Beispiel nach Fig.10 umschliesst die Kunststoffschicht 44 der Abdichtung den Eckbereich 45 des Aussenläufers in rechtwinkliger Form und setzt sich in nicht dargestellter Weise in die Umfangsfläche des Aussenläufers 12 fort.9 and 10 show the sealing of the side part 40 'of the
Fig.11 zeigt eine erfindungsgemässe Abdichtung an einer als Roots-Lader ausgeführten aussenachsigen Drehkolbenmaschine. Dabei ist die Kunststoffschicht 47 an den radial gerichteten Seitenflächen 48,49 und an der Umfangsfläche z.B. von nur einem der Läufer 50,51 vorgesehen. Es versteht sich, dass die Kunststoffschicht verschieden verteilt sein kann, um eine erfindungsgemässe, vorteilhafte Abdichtung zu erzielen. Beispielsweise kann der Teil 52 der Gehäuseinnenfläche eine nicht dargestellte Kunststoffschicht aufweisen, an dem sich die diese Kunststoffschicht nicht aufweisende Oberfläche 53 des Läufers 50 entlang bewegt.11 shows a seal according to the invention on an external-axis rotary piston machine designed as a roots loader. The
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig.12,13 hat die Kunststoffschicht 55 im Querschnitt einen kontinuierlichen Verlauf entlang der mäanderförmig verlaufenden Kontur der Innenfläche des Maschinengehäuses 56. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel veranschaulicht den Vorteil, der durch die Möglichkeit des Aufbringens der Kunststoffschicht im Lackierverfahren gegeben ist. Auch bei einem solchen Spiralverdichter kann die Kunststoffschicht in nicht dargestellter Weise vorzugsweise auf den äusseren Flächen 57,58,60,61 des Rotors 59 vorgesehen sein, so dass seine Bewegung die Reinhaltung der Vertiefungen 8 der Kunststoffschicht 55 bewirkt.In the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 12, 13, the
Eine nähere Beschreibung der Konstruktion der Maschinen der Fig. 11 bis 13 erübrigt sich, da diese in grosser Anzahl verwirklicht worden sind.A more detailed description of the construction of the machines of FIGS. 11 to 13 is not necessary since these have been implemented in large numbers.
Die aufgabengemäss geringe thermische Isolierung, die sich durch die Kunststoffschicht gemäss der Erfindung ergibt, wird anschaulich durch einen Vergleich der Wärmeleitfähigkeiten von Aluminium, aus dem z.B. ein die Kunststoffschicht tragender Läufer besteht, Kunststoff und Schaumkunststoff. Das Verhältnis beträgt 1 : 0,001: 0,0001. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass die Dicke der verbleibenden isolierenden Schicht aus Kunststoff am Boden der Vertiefungen gegenüber der Gesamtdicke der die Vertiefungen aufweisenden Kunststoffschicht vernachlässigbar gering ist.The low thermal insulation according to the task, which results from the plastic layer according to the invention, is illustrated by a comparison of the thermal conductivities of aluminum, from which e.g. there is a runner carrying the plastic layer, plastic and foam plastic. The ratio is 1: 0.001: 0.0001. It should be noted that the thickness of the remaining insulating layer made of plastic at the bottom of the depressions is negligible compared to the total thickness of the plastic layer having the depressions.
Claims (9)
- Seal between machine parts moving relative to one another through their sealing gap-forming approximation, with a plastic layer (1,18,32,32',41,44,47,55) adhering to a base surface (5) on one of the sealing gap-forming facing surfaces, which is provided with outwardly open depressions (8) in the form of partly cut off voids of an expanded plastic structure, characterized in that the outwardly open depressions (8) are provided in closely juxtaposed manner and extend at least close to the base surface (5), at least most of the plastic layer (1,18,32, 32',41,44,47,55) being free from closed voids.
- Seal according to claim 1, characterized in that the depressions (8) of the plastic layer (1, 18, 32, 32', 41, 44, 47, 55) are bounded with respect to adjacent depressions by freely terminating diaphragm-like walls (9) directed at least approximately perpendicularly away from the base surface.
- Seal according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the depressions (8) are bounded by a thin base wall (7) made from the material of the plastic layer and which adhere to the base surface (5) of the machine part (2) forming the adhesive base of the plastic layer.
- Seal according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a plastic layer having depressions (8) is provided on the surface areas of a rotary machine part exposed to centrifugal forces, so that the depressions (8) are self-cleaning.
- Seal according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickness of the plastic layer (1, 18, 32, 32', 41, 44, 47, 55) is less than 0.5% of the greatest size, measured at right angles thereto, of the machine part provided therewith.
- Seal according to claim 1,
characterized in that on one of the parts passing in sealing gapforming approximation to another machine part, following the preparation of the said part at least in an adjacent area, is sprayed with a plastic mixture prepared for foam formation and following expansion and curing of the plastic , the layer is removed to such an extend that the voids formed in the bottom layer are open to the outside. - Seal according to claim 6, characterized in that the plastic layer is removed to such an extent that following the association of the other machine part the seal is adjacent thereto in substantially gap-free manner, so that the thickness of the plastic layer on running in the seal is further removed by grinding contact with said other machine part and a minimum working clearance is obtained on the seal, the plastic layer being expanded to an average void size, whose diameter is larger than the spacing from the base surface carrying the plastic layer to the sealing gap-forming surface of the facing machine part.
- Rotary piston machine with a seal according to one of the claims 1 to 7, in which at least one rotor (11, 12, 30, 50, 51, 59) is enclosed in a casing (21, 31, 52, 56) and between at least one rotor (11, 12, 30, 50, 51, 59) and the casing wall is provided a seal characterized in that on one of the surfaces of the parts moving relative to one another is provided a plastic layer (1, 18, 32, 32', 41, 44, 47, 55), which has in a honeycomb arrangement juxtaposed, outwardly open depressions (8), which extend at least close to the base surface (5) to which the plastic layer adheres.
- Rotary piston machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the plastic layer (18, 32, 32', 41, 44, 47) is provided on the surfaces of at least one rotor (11, 30, 51), on which the centrifugal force is directed away from the surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH4138/90A CH682589A5 (en) | 1990-12-28 | 1990-12-28 | Seal. |
CH4138/90 | 1990-12-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0493315A1 EP0493315A1 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
EP0493315B1 true EP0493315B1 (en) | 1995-03-22 |
Family
ID=4270528
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91810935A Expired - Lifetime EP0493315B1 (en) | 1990-12-28 | 1991-12-02 | Sealing |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5178529A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0493315B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2999618B2 (en) |
CH (1) | CH682589A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59105004D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2071281T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX9102838A (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
LU88194A1 (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-09-09 | Euratom | Method and device for reducing the gap between a static part and a movable part |
DE19623215A1 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-18 | Leybold Vakuum Gmbh | Process for commissioning a displacement machine according to the spiral principle and suitable displacement machine for carrying out this process |
US6193487B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2001-02-27 | Mind Tech Corporation | Scroll-type fluid displacement device for vacuum pump application |
US6290480B1 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-09-18 | Carrier Corporation | Screw machine |
DE10140742B4 (en) * | 2000-12-16 | 2015-02-12 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Device for sealing gap reduction between a rotating and a stationary component within an axial flow-through turbomachine |
JP4061850B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2008-03-19 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Shaft seal structure in vacuum pump |
JP2002257244A (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-11 | Toyota Industries Corp | Shaft seal structure in vacuum pump |
CN1548744A (en) * | 2003-05-11 | 2004-11-24 | 周劲松 | Vortex dynamic power generating machine |
US7621254B2 (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2009-11-24 | Rahon John R | Internal combustion engine with toroidal cylinders |
US9464536B2 (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2016-10-11 | General Electric Company | Sealing arrangement for a turbine system and method of sealing between two turbine components |
DE202022104701U1 (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2023-11-22 | Vogelsang Gmbh & Co. Kg | Displacer body and pump housing for a positive displacement pump |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH207907A (en) * | 1939-02-27 | 1939-12-15 | Escher Wyss Maschf Ag | Piston machine with piston rolling off-center in a housing with a cylindrical bore. |
US2492935A (en) * | 1943-11-22 | 1949-12-27 | Borg Warner | Rotary blower with abrading rotor ends and abradable casing sealing ridges |
FR1105103A (en) * | 1953-09-21 | 1955-11-28 | Saurer Ag Adolph | Rotary compressor fitted with heliocoidal toothed rotors |
FR96392E (en) * | 1968-11-07 | 1972-06-16 | Eisenwerke Kaiserslautern G M | Rotary piston pump for viscous products. |
US4028021A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-06-07 | Curtiss-Wright Corporation | Rotary trochoidal compressor with compressible sealing |
US4012180A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-03-15 | Curtiss-Wright Corporation | Rotary compressor with labyrinth sealing |
US4417859A (en) * | 1979-10-04 | 1983-11-29 | Praner Frank Casimir | Rotary displacement turbine engine with vacuum relief valve means |
FR2530742B1 (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1987-06-26 | Dba | VOLUMETRIC SCREW COMPRESSOR |
US4460185A (en) * | 1982-08-23 | 1984-07-17 | General Electric Company | Seal including a non-metallic abradable material |
GB2131877B (en) * | 1982-11-16 | 1986-10-01 | Bernard Zimmern | Rotary positive-displacement fluid-machines |
US4466785A (en) * | 1982-11-18 | 1984-08-21 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Clearance-controlling means comprising abradable layer and abrasive layer |
JPS59224402A (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1984-12-17 | Oval Eng Co Ltd | Non-engagement flow meter or prime mover of volume type |
DE3621178A1 (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-07 | Wankel Gmbh | Piston of a rotary piston ventilator with an external axis |
DE3712354A1 (en) * | 1986-11-08 | 1988-05-11 | Wankel Gmbh | ROTARY PISTON BLOWER |
-
1990
- 1990-12-28 CH CH4138/90A patent/CH682589A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-11-13 US US07/792,034 patent/US5178529A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-02 EP EP91810935A patent/EP0493315B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-02 DE DE59105004T patent/DE59105004D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-02 ES ES91810935T patent/ES2071281T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-26 JP JP3345263A patent/JP2999618B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-27 MX MX9102838A patent/MX9102838A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX9102838A (en) | 1992-06-01 |
EP0493315A1 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
DE59105004D1 (en) | 1995-04-27 |
ES2071281T3 (en) | 1995-06-16 |
CH682589A5 (en) | 1993-10-15 |
JPH05118445A (en) | 1993-05-14 |
JP2999618B2 (en) | 2000-01-17 |
US5178529A (en) | 1993-01-12 |
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