EP0490722A1 - Einrichtung zur Luft- und/oder Landferndetektierung, insbesondere zur Detektierung der Waldbrände - Google Patents

Einrichtung zur Luft- und/oder Landferndetektierung, insbesondere zur Detektierung der Waldbrände Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0490722A1
EP0490722A1 EP19910403141 EP91403141A EP0490722A1 EP 0490722 A1 EP0490722 A1 EP 0490722A1 EP 19910403141 EP19910403141 EP 19910403141 EP 91403141 A EP91403141 A EP 91403141A EP 0490722 A1 EP0490722 A1 EP 0490722A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
installation according
lia
station
camera
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19910403141
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0490722B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Nicole
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
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Dassault Electronique SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Dassault Electronique SA filed Critical Dassault Electronique SA
Publication of EP0490722A1 publication Critical patent/EP0490722A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0490722B1 publication Critical patent/EP0490722B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke

Definitions

  • the invention relates to aerial and / or terrestrial remote sensing.
  • Airborne and / or terrestrial remote sensing installations are already known for detecting forest fires.
  • the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide an aerial and / or terrestrial remote sensing installation, in particular for the detection of forest fires, making it possible to permanently monitor, using a static machine at altitude, an area to risk with a view to immediately and precisely detecting the start of a fire.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an installation making it possible to transmit information remotely between an on-board remote sensing system and a station on the fixed or mobile ground without polluting the radio environment.
  • Another object of the invention aims to provide an installation which supports strong winds of the order of 150 km / h.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide an installation whose implementation is easy, light, inexpensive, not too bulky for air space, modifiable, mobile and modular, that is to say susceptible of '' be associated with other similar installations to cover a larger area to be monitored.
  • the invention aims to offer an installation which has a high degree of safety in the event of a possible collision between the static vehicle at altitude and / or the cable connection and a flying object.
  • the invention relates to an aerial and / or terrestrial remote sensing installation.
  • the core of the cable is made of a light and resistant material of the Kevlar type.
  • the cable forms at at least a predetermined location a closed loop inside which extends a cylindrical spring to absorb the tension exerted on the cable.
  • the mechanical fuse is of the ball type explosive filled with a powder capable of exploding in response to an optical stress of a predetermined power emanating from the ground station and propagating through the optical fiber to said ball.
  • the cable comprises one or more monomode or multimode optical fibers.
  • the cable is filled with micro-particles of a talc type material so as to dampen any oscillations in the cable.
  • the reference INS designates an aerial and / or terrestrial remote sensing installation for the detection of forest fires according to the invention.
  • the INS installation is based on an observation from a lighter-than-air ENG machine such as an aerostat or kite including a NAC nacelle.
  • the ENG is static or fixed via a cable LIA link fixed at one of its ends to the ENG and at the other of its ends to a mobile or fixed ground station STA.
  • An aerial and / or terrestrial remote sensing system is embedded in the NAC nacelle and cooperates unidirectionally or bidirectionally with UT means equipping the STA station for receiving the detected information and processing it.
  • the LIA cable link ensures the unidirectional or bidirectional transmission of the information thus detected by the on-board system to the reception means UT of the ground station STA.
  • the means UT for receiving and processing the information detected by the on-board system can cooperate with means of intervention EAU to circumscribe, for example remotely the fire thus detected.
  • the lift of the craft is in calm weather (without wind) given essentially by inert gases such as helium suitable for filling the envelope of the aerostat.
  • Such an installation according to the invention makes it possible to detect, from the first minutes, the start of a forest fire with a view to allowing rapid and effective intervention and thus limiting not only the immediate damage caused to the forest, but also the risks incurred by civil security personnel and financial losses resulting from such a disaster.
  • the first problem encountered by the Applicant to provide a cable connection making it possible to connect a lighter-than-air machine at an altitude of the order of 4 to 5 km to a mobile or fixed ground station was to find a material allowing to resist winds higher than 150 km / h.
  • the Applicant has designed a cable, the main core of which is made of a light and resistant material of the Kevlar type (registered trademark).
  • the latter forms, at at least one predetermined location, a closed loop inside which extends, for example, a cylindrical spring.
  • the cable comprises one or more single or multimode optical fibers for the transmission of information originating from the on-board system to the autonomous station and vice versa.
  • the cable diameter is for example of the order of 5 mm.
  • the Applicant has planned to dampen any oscillations of the cable by filling said cable with micro-particles of a talc type material.
  • the envelope of the lighter-than-air craft is semi-rigid, which makes it possible to easily deflect the aerostat or quite simply to tear the envelope of said aerostat.
  • the system on board the nacelle is friable. As a result, in the event of an impact, its elements are liable to crumble without causing damage.
  • the stress waves in said connection can be strong enough for it to break in one or more places, thereby releasing the flying object.
  • the mechanical fuse is of the explosive ball type filled with a powder capable of exploding in response to an optical stress of a predetermined power emanating from the ground station and propagating through the optical fiber to the said ball.
  • the attenuation of the optical fiber incorporated in said cable will increase very quickly. It follows that by monitoring the levels transmitted by said optical fiber, by verification means which will be described in more detail below, it is possible, beyond a certain value, to order the cut-off. at the aerostat, or from an intermediate point of said link, and at the level of the ground station.
  • FIG. 2 represents a general diagram of the essential means of the on-board system according to the invention.
  • the on-board system according to the invention is based on sensor means constituted by the following means.
  • At least one CAM camera in visible, infrared or ultraviolet light capable of delivering video signals.
  • the camera is of the infrared type operating in the 3-5 micrometer band.
  • the camera is arranged to observe the zone situated vertically from the machine.
  • the CAM camera is a linear or matrix detector.
  • the infrared CAM camera is the one sold by MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION under the reference IR5120 A or C.
  • Such a CAM camera has a definition of 500 ⁇ 500 image points, which makes it possible to obtain a resolution on the ground for an image point of the order of 20 m when the machine is at an altitude of the order of 5 km. .
  • optical input means OE of the projector type and their control means connected to the camera are provided.
  • the camera / optical input OE assembly is mounted for example on an orientation system in site and deposit suitable for remote control in response to a specific command from the ground station.
  • the infrared CAM camera is for example supplied by a regulated supply ALIM whose primary source consists of CEL solar cells replaced at night by a buffer battery.
  • the ALIM regulated power supply also supplies CAT attitude sensors making it possible to deliver electrical signals representative of the attitude of the machine.
  • An electrical multiplexer MXE1 receives the video signals from the CAM camera as well as the electrical signals from the attitude sensors means CAT.
  • An optical transmitter EMO1 connected to the electric multiplexer MXE1 then transmits to the ground via the optical fiber or fibers LIA the information collected by the sensor means.
  • the optical transmitter EMO1 is for example with light-emitting diodes.
  • the ALIM regulated power supply also makes it possible to power an RTH thermoelectric cooler connected to the infrared camera.
  • the regulated power supply ALIM also makes it possible to supply electronic scanning and video formatting connected to the infrared camera SCAN.
  • the CAT attitude sensors comprise a first local vertical sensor (not shown) capable of delivering an electrical signal representative of the inclination of the machine relative to a vertical axis.
  • a second sensor (not shown) of the magnetic compass type is also provided, making it possible to deliver a signal representative of the direction of the machine relative to magnetic north.
  • a third sensor (not shown) of altimeter type makes it possible to deliver an electrical signal representative of the altitude of the machine.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the reception means of the ground station.
  • the information collected by the sensor means on board the nacelle is received at the autonomous station by an optical receiver RO2.
  • the optical receiver RO2 for example with PIN photodiodes of current invoice (for example in silicon) thus receives the video signals emanating from the camera CAM and the electrical signals emanating from the attitude sensors CAT which are transmitted by the optical fiber or fibers.
  • An electrical demultiplexer DME2 connected to the optical receiver RO2 delivers the video signals as well as the electrical signals thus received to an ORD computer of the PC (Personal Computer) type.
  • the PC type computer UT is equipped with a video screen, a monitor, TI image processing means acting in real time or in deferred time and receiving the video signals and signal management means.
  • electrical units receiving electrical signals from CAT sensors.
  • the monitor is equipped with an EGA-VGA standard display card.
  • the electrical signal management card with means suitable for informing the operator OP according to the processing of information.
  • these means consist of an audible and / or visual ALARM alarm capable of warning the operator OP.
  • all the information thus detected is stored in mass memory, and can be viewed using a LIS listing.
  • Such a configuration has the advantage of being light, but its processing and control performance are reduced.
  • the Applicant has posed the problem of providing additional processing and control performance to such an installation.
  • the machine control means capable of delivering control signals for the focusing of the camera, the zoom adjustment, the threshold adjustment of the image points, the scale adjustment of the detection range, the elevation and bearing orientation of the camera / projector assembly, and of the ACT actuators of the aerostat's GOV control surfaces ( Figure 2).
  • the aerostat must not exceed a certain mass.
  • the envelope of the aerostat has a mass of the order of 8 kg, with an on-board system of the order of 7 kg, therefore for a total of the order of 15 kg excluding cable which has a mass of the order of 5 kg.
  • active on-board stabilization comprising control means capable of controlling the stabilization of the aerostat, we therefore exceed twenty kilos, which reduces the degree of safety of the installation.
  • the Applicant has posed the problem of providing remote active stabilization of the aerostat.
  • Such remote active stabilization is made possible by a bidirectional transmission of information between the on-board system and the ground station and by the ground equipment of control means capable of delivering control signals for stabilization of the aerostat as well. than the camera setting.
  • an optical transmitter is also provided EO2 in the ground station suitable for transmitting said control signals to the on-board system via the optical fiber (s) while the on-board system further comprises an optical receiver RO1 for receiving the control signals thus transmitted and own ACT actuator means in response to the control signals to carry out the focusing of the camera, the adjustment of the zoom, the threshold adjustment of the image points as well as the adjustments of scale of the range of detection and orientation in elevation and in bearing of the camera / projector and control of the GOV control surfaces of the aerostat.
  • the entire ultra-light structure has a mass of the order of 15 kg which breaks down as follows: 3 kg of electronics, 5 kg for the cable and mechanical fuses and 7 kg for the aerostat enclosure.
  • the Applicant also posed the problem of providing a security solution in the event of an accidental break in the cable connection.
  • VERI1 verification means (FIG. 2) pass through the cable link a predetermined signal which is looped over said cable link, at the autonomous station via VERI2 verification means (FIG. 3). by the GS management card. If the VERI1 verification means do not detect a return signal, the result is that the cable is broken.
  • the verification means VERI1 and VERI2 respectively comprise a passive optical coupler (of the reflectometer type) connected in a particular way to the input (at the level of the on-board system) or to the output (at the level of the ground station) of the connecting cable.
  • the optical coupler is connected at the ground station to a standard PC reflectometry card housed in the computer ORD.
  • the VERI1 verification means detect a return signal, it follows that the ground station is down, then the VERI1 verification means send a signal making it possible to cut the video and a signal making it possible to trigger an alarm signal at the autonomous station.
  • the aerostat tanks are then locked in the neutral position.
  • verification means VERI1 and VERI2 are coupled respectively to electric demultiplexers DME1 and DME2.
  • the aerostat type system is operational 24 hours a day thanks to the autonomy of the aerostatic part.
  • the maintenance of the aerial part is reduced because the aerostat is powered autonomously.
  • the bidirectional transmission of information by the way of optical fibers is an advantage insofar as it does not obstruct or it does not pollute the hertzian space. On the other hand it is a silent operation which is an advantage to avoid environmental degradation.
  • the installation provides a high degree of security against flying objects such as airliners, helicopters or motorized ultralights.
  • the envelope of the aerostat can be transparent.
  • the installation in association with the fact that the aerostat is in a position of equilibrium at high altitude (of the order of 5 km) and the use of a light-colored material for the cable, the installation can blend in completely with the landscape.
  • This also has the advantage of not degrading the environment on the one hand, and conferring insensitivity to malicious attacks or sabotage on the other.
  • the on-board system it has the advantage of using reliable and light electronics based on conventional and commercially available components such as infrared sensors, attitude sensors, multiplexing electronics, etc. ..
  • the installation provides a high degree of security.
  • the installation can be supplemented by a logic making it possible to release part of the helium to make the material fall at low speed in the monitored area, and possibly detach the heaviest part to make it fall after a mini-parachute.
  • the invention finds a particular application in the detection of forest fires. However, it finds a more general application in aerial and / or ground surveillance.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
EP19910403141 1990-11-21 1991-11-21 Einrichtung zur Luft- und/oder Landferndetektierung, insbesondere zur Detektierung der Waldbrände Expired - Lifetime EP0490722B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9014540 1990-11-21
FR9014540A FR2669455B1 (fr) 1990-11-21 1990-11-21 Installation de teledetection aerienne et/ou terrestre, notamment pour la detection des feux de forets.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0490722A1 true EP0490722A1 (de) 1992-06-17
EP0490722B1 EP0490722B1 (de) 1996-09-11

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EP19910403141 Expired - Lifetime EP0490722B1 (de) 1990-11-21 1991-11-21 Einrichtung zur Luft- und/oder Landferndetektierung, insbesondere zur Detektierung der Waldbrände

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0490722B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69122060T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2669455B1 (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2366273A (en) * 2000-08-31 2002-03-06 Edmund Peter Gortowski Aerial survey or inspection device with (partially) buoyant envelope
WO2005027069A1 (de) * 2003-08-18 2005-03-24 Idas Informations-, Daten- Und Automationssysteme Gmbh Brandmeldevorrichtung
CN102693601A (zh) * 2012-06-06 2012-09-26 长春理工大学 车载移动式林区火情监测系统
CN103456124A (zh) * 2013-03-27 2013-12-18 北京科实医学图像技术研究所 森林火灾早期报警系统
CN105277662A (zh) * 2015-11-12 2016-01-27 上海市环境监测中心 一种球载集成式大气污染监测采集系统
CN105513247A (zh) * 2015-11-25 2016-04-20 北京环境特性研究所 一种基于浮空系留艇的火灾监测定位系统及方法
CN105717919A (zh) * 2016-01-16 2016-06-29 深圳先进技术研究院 一种基于飞艇的景区导游救助系统
WO2016105522A1 (en) * 2014-12-24 2016-06-30 Space Data Corporation Breaking apart a platform upon pending collision
US9964629B2 (en) 1999-06-29 2018-05-08 Space Data Corporation Systems and applications of lighter-than-air (LTA) platforms
US10059421B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2018-08-28 Space Data Corporation Multifunctional balloon membrane
WO2019069248A1 (en) * 2017-10-03 2019-04-11 Al Shimmari Faisal Mohammed Ali Mohammed SYSTEM AND DEVICE FOR ASSISTANCE TO RESCUE AND EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE PERSONNEL
US10403160B2 (en) 2014-12-24 2019-09-03 Space Data Corporation Techniques for intelligent balloon/airship launch and recovery window location
US10710695B2 (en) 2001-04-18 2020-07-14 Space Data Corporation Systems and applications of lighter-than-air (LTA) platforms

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2113814B1 (es) 1993-07-30 1998-11-01 Int Multi Media Corp Sistema de comunicacion sub-orbital de gran altitud.
US20030236070A1 (en) 2002-06-25 2003-12-25 Seligsohn Sherwin I. Sub-orbital, high altitude communications system
GR1004455B (el) * 2003-02-21 2004-02-17 Δουκασαχριστοσα Ανιχνευτησαπηγωναθερμοτητος
DE202009009349U1 (de) 2008-12-23 2009-10-01 Glinberg, Valeriy, Dipl.-Ing. Feuerboje, die Einwegeinrichtung der Früherkennung des Brandes, der Feuermeldeanlage und der Benachrichtigung

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3229517A (en) * 1962-12-03 1966-01-18 Smith Charles Arthur Aerological mapping arrangement
US3695111A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-10-03 Pierre Belle Apparatus for and method of continuously measuring a temperature gradient in relation to altitude
EP0117162A1 (de) * 1983-01-13 1984-08-29 François Patrice Didier Brown de Colstoun Verfahren für die Detektion einer Wärmequelle insbesondere eines Waldbrandes in einer überwachten Zone und System zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE3618777A1 (de) * 1986-06-04 1987-12-10 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Detonationsmelder

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3229517A (en) * 1962-12-03 1966-01-18 Smith Charles Arthur Aerological mapping arrangement
US3695111A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-10-03 Pierre Belle Apparatus for and method of continuously measuring a temperature gradient in relation to altitude
EP0117162A1 (de) * 1983-01-13 1984-08-29 François Patrice Didier Brown de Colstoun Verfahren für die Detektion einer Wärmequelle insbesondere eines Waldbrandes in einer überwachten Zone und System zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE3618777A1 (de) * 1986-06-04 1987-12-10 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Detonationsmelder

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE ELECTRONICS vol. GE-9, no. 4, Octobre 1971, NEW YORK pages 199 - 208; GARSTANG: 'Fluctuation in humidity, temperature, and horizontal wind as measured by subcloud tethered-balloon system' *

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10429489B2 (en) 1999-06-29 2019-10-01 Space Data Corporation Systems and applications of lighter-than-air (LTA) platforms
US9964629B2 (en) 1999-06-29 2018-05-08 Space Data Corporation Systems and applications of lighter-than-air (LTA) platforms
GB2366273A (en) * 2000-08-31 2002-03-06 Edmund Peter Gortowski Aerial survey or inspection device with (partially) buoyant envelope
US10894592B2 (en) 2001-04-18 2021-01-19 Space Data Corporation Systems and applications of lighter-than-air (LTA) platforms
US10710695B2 (en) 2001-04-18 2020-07-14 Space Data Corporation Systems and applications of lighter-than-air (LTA) platforms
WO2005027069A1 (de) * 2003-08-18 2005-03-24 Idas Informations-, Daten- Und Automationssysteme Gmbh Brandmeldevorrichtung
CN102693601A (zh) * 2012-06-06 2012-09-26 长春理工大学 车载移动式林区火情监测系统
CN103456124A (zh) * 2013-03-27 2013-12-18 北京科实医学图像技术研究所 森林火灾早期报警系统
US10207802B2 (en) 2014-12-24 2019-02-19 Space Data Corporation Breaking apart a platform upon pending collision
US10696400B2 (en) 2014-12-24 2020-06-30 Space Data Corporation Breaking apart a platform upon pending collision
WO2016105522A1 (en) * 2014-12-24 2016-06-30 Space Data Corporation Breaking apart a platform upon pending collision
US10403160B2 (en) 2014-12-24 2019-09-03 Space Data Corporation Techniques for intelligent balloon/airship launch and recovery window location
US10059421B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2018-08-28 Space Data Corporation Multifunctional balloon membrane
US10689084B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2020-06-23 Space Data Corporation Multifunctional balloon membrane
CN105277662A (zh) * 2015-11-12 2016-01-27 上海市环境监测中心 一种球载集成式大气污染监测采集系统
CN105513247B (zh) * 2015-11-25 2018-01-16 北京环境特性研究所 一种基于浮空系留艇的火灾监测定位系统及方法
CN105513247A (zh) * 2015-11-25 2016-04-20 北京环境特性研究所 一种基于浮空系留艇的火灾监测定位系统及方法
CN105717919B (zh) * 2016-01-16 2018-09-28 深圳先进技术研究院 一种基于飞艇的景区导游救助系统
CN105717919A (zh) * 2016-01-16 2016-06-29 深圳先进技术研究院 一种基于飞艇的景区导游救助系统
WO2019069248A1 (en) * 2017-10-03 2019-04-11 Al Shimmari Faisal Mohammed Ali Mohammed SYSTEM AND DEVICE FOR ASSISTANCE TO RESCUE AND EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE PERSONNEL

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69122060D1 (de) 1996-10-17
DE69122060T2 (de) 1997-03-13
FR2669455A1 (fr) 1992-05-22
EP0490722B1 (de) 1996-09-11
FR2669455B1 (fr) 1993-01-08

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