EP0489602A2 - Filtrierungsanordnung - Google Patents
Filtrierungsanordnung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0489602A2 EP0489602A2 EP91311391A EP91311391A EP0489602A2 EP 0489602 A2 EP0489602 A2 EP 0489602A2 EP 91311391 A EP91311391 A EP 91311391A EP 91311391 A EP91311391 A EP 91311391A EP 0489602 A2 EP0489602 A2 EP 0489602A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- particulate matter
- plunger
- fluid
- filter device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0618—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support of the filter type
- G01N15/0625—Optical scan of the deposits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/76—Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence
- G01N21/763—Bioluminescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5094—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for blood cell populations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0618—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support of the filter type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/905—Photochemical activation of reactions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
- Y10T436/25375—Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.]
- Y10T436/255—Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.] including use of a solid sorbent, semipermeable membrane, or liquid extraction
Definitions
- This invention relates to methods of preparing and analysing particulate matter of biological origin by luminescence detection.
- the fluids may be biological e.g. blood, blood components, milk, colostrum, urine, tissue and tumour disaggregates and exudates, lymph, ascites fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, bile and other secretions and excretions of living organisms or non-biological e.g. fresh water (rivers, lakes, ponds), sea water, industrial effluent, leachates.
- biological e.g. blood, blood components, milk, colostrum, urine, tissue and tumour disaggregates and exudates, lymph, ascites fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, bile and other secretions and excretions of living organisms
- non-biological e.g. fresh water (rivers, lakes, ponds), sea water, industrial effluent, leachates.
- the substances may be particulates of cellular or non-cellular varieties such as leucocytes, platelets, components from tissue disaggregates, components from tumours, protozoa, small invertebrates, algae including blue greens, gametes and generally any other particulate material of a biological origin which can be separated from its carrier fluid.
- This light emission can be enhanced by adding luminogenic materials such as Pholasin (TM) and light can be measured in various ways.
- Pholasin reacts with oxygen radicals and other oxidants to produce light and leucocytes and other cells produce oxygen radicals when activated.
- oxygen radicals There is a rapidly growing interest in the involvement of oxygen radicals in oncology, cardiology, rheumatology, asthma, ageing, autoimmune diseases and diabetes mellitus for example.
- a constant proportion of certain particles is removed from a fixed volume of fluid which might contain a mixture of particles; that the particles are not damaged in the process; that whatever treatment the particles experience during any manipulation can be repeated in an identical fashion on particles from another sample of fluid; that all parameters can be controlled so that the results can be compared and related to known factors.
- This 'improved' method which, enabled leucocytes to be separated, washed and ready for analysis in about 1 to 2 hours still required a skilled operative and the need for a centrifuge. Also, it was not possible to carry out the procedure simultaneously on more than a very few samples (less than 4) and the method is not suitable for most bloods other than human, does not work efficiently on blood from people with, for example: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, microcytic hypochromic anaemia. The method may fail or give variable results if an individual was receiving aspirin, indomethacin, prednisone or aurothioglucose, or other drugs in the treatment of bronchial congestion, immunodeficiency anaemia and other diseases.
- Pall Corporation in US 4925572 and US 4880548 disclose filters for depleting the leucocyte concentration of whole blood and for reducing the concentration of leucocytes from platelet concentrates. These filters are used on-line during blood or platelet transfusions, whereby the filtrate which contains the red blood cells or the platelets is allowed to enter the circulation of the patient while the leucocytes are retained by the membrane.
- a method of analysing particulate matter of biological origin comprising the steps of passing a fluid containing said particulate matter through a membrane which membrane is adapted to hold said particulate matter and subjecting said membrane together with said held particulate matter to analysis by luminescence detection.
- said analysis involves a luminometer and said membrane may be placed in a luminometer cuvette or a microtitre plate prior to insertion into the luminometer.
- leucocytes and/or platelets from a known volume of whole blood are separated simply and rapidly from the rest of the blood components on to a filter support from which useful, quantitative and comparative measurements of light emission can be made.
- the measurement of light, or other parameters can be made a very short time, preferably within two minutes, after collection of blood.
- the procedure can be performed on blood from people excluded from the methods described above and also from blood from nonhuman species, which also do not separate properly using the above improved methods.
- the fluid from which the leucocytes are separated can in addition to blood be milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and any other fluid in which such particles are found.
- the method can also be applied to the separation of particles other than leucocytes and any substances that adheres to the membrane and can be analysed.
- the step of treating the particulate matter held by the membrane with a luminescent material which reacts with certain chemicals in or produced by the particulate matter is included. It is also possible that more than one luminescent material is used and these luminescent materials may be applied before or after the membrane is inserted in the luminometer.
- said certain chemicals are radicals, such as superoxide, 0 2 and the luminescent materials may be chosen from the from the following examples, PHOLASIN, luminol, lucigenin.
- Other chemicals such as ATP react with firefly luciferin plus firefly luciferase whereas bacterial luciferase is the preferred luminogenic reagent when analysing for NADPH and NADH.
- the particulate matter held by the membrane is washed prior to being treated with said one or more luminescent materials.
- the washing substances are buffered or unbuffered salt solutions, blood serum, plasma.
- the fluid passes through other membranes, each of which is, adapted to prevent the through flow of other preselected substances.
- the fluid passed through the filter by gravity or increased pressure on the fluid or reduced pressure on the downstream side or a combination of these, or by the capillary attraction of an absorptive pad held against the underside of the filter.
- a filter device for filtering a fluid containing particulate matter of biological origin, said device containing a membrane through which, in use, the fluid is passed to leave the particulate matter, the membrane being adapted for use in luminescence detection apparatus to enable the particulate matter to be analysed.
- the membrane is removable from the device for use with the luminescence detection apparatus.
- the membrane is adapted to remove said particulate matter by adsorption and has a Critical Wetting Surface Tension greater than 53 dynes/cm.
- Another arrangement has the membrane held between two separable parts. Conveniently the membrane sits on a perforated support and may have its edges sealed or clamped between upper and lower frames.
- the device may have more than one membrane for removing different substances from the fluid.
- a syringe comprising a barrel having a fluid inlet, a plunger slidably disposed in the barrel and means for piercing the plunger whereby, in use, after fitting the plunger can be pierced to allow the liquid in the syringe to be exposed to the atmosphere at the plunger as well as at the fluid inlet and thus to allow liquid to flow from the syringe without moving the plunger axially relative to the barrel.
- the plunger has a rod connected to it by which the plunger is moved and the piercing means comprises a pin slidably mounted coaxially within said rod.
- the rod may have a screw thread at its distal end engaging in a matching screw thread in the plunger. Rotation of the rod allows the controlled exposure of the contents of the syringe to the atmosphere at the plunger end.
- a carrier fluid which may be biological or non-biological, so that the substance can be analysed.
- the fluids are collected in a number of ways which could range from a syringe to a beaker.
- the filter arrangement 10 comprises a funnel 11 having a perforated support 12 on which sits a membrane 13 the latter having a greater diameter than that of the perforated plate.
- a tubular reservoir 14 is attached to the funnel for gravity filtration of the fluid and the size of the membrane 13 is such that it is held in position by the reservoir 14 when the reservoir is screwed into place.
- an alternative reservoir provided with a Luer fitting 15.
- the fluid is able to pass through the membrane either under gravity or by applying an increased pressure to the liquid or by reducing the pressure on the downstream side of the membrane.
- each membrane can be made up of a number of layers of suitable materials.
- Membranes or other filters are well known to remove certain substances so as to purify the fluid which passes through the filter unhindered.
- Pall Corporation have invented certain membranes for using in obtaining blood and platelet concentrate which is free of leucocytes which are retained on the filter membrane by adsorption.
- bacteria and other substances are retained by careful regulation of the pore sizes in the membrane, less than 0.2 um in the case of bacteria.
- the membrane With the figure 1 arrangements in which the membrane 13 is removable, the membrane will ideally be supplied in the form of individual units of the correct shape. This may be circular, rectangular or any other suitable shape. If a number of layers of filter material are used for each membrane then they may be left loose at the edges (figure 2(a)) or they may be sealed in some suitable way for example by melting, by using a filler 18 (figure 2(b)) or by clamping the edges between two frames 19 (figure 2(c)).
- washing fluids may include buffered or unbuffered salt solutions or biological fluids such as blood serum or plasma.
- the membrane is then placed in a luminometer cuvette or microtitre plate or any other suitable receptable from which light can be detected.
- the upstream side of the membrane should face the light detector in the luminometer. If using a microtitre plate, the membrane should conform to the shape of the wells in the plate.
- the membrane When measuring light emitted from the substance retained by the membrane, the membrane is treated or immersed in a base liquid which includes one or more luminescent materials such as PHOLASIN (Trade Mark), luminol, lucigenin, firely luciferase plus firely luciferin, and bacterial luciferase for example.
- Luminescent materials emit light in response to certain chemicals.
- One such chemical which stimulates PHOLASIN is superoxide, 0 2 radical.
- the luminescent material chosen depends on the features which you wish to detect and analyse. More than one luminescent material can be present in the base liquid if desired so as to monitor different chemicals.
- leucocytes are activated by a number of substances such as phorbol myristate acetate, tumor necrosis factor, opsonised serum, opsonised zymosan, a suspension of latex particles.
- the luminometer can be used to monitor the progress of the reactions.
- the measurements made can give diagnostic indications of the physiological or pathological state of a patient.
- the membranes and the substances retained thereon are ready for analysis within minutes of the collection of the fluid.
- the process can readily be conducted in situ and therefore removes the expensive and time consuming step of sending the fluid to a specialised laboratory.
- the apparatus could be supplied in kit form comprising say a syringe to obtain the fluid, a filter arrangement to isolate the substance of interest on the membrane and luminescent material to enable the membrane to be treated after insertion into a luminometer, portable luminometers being readily available.
- kit form comprising say a syringe to obtain the fluid, a filter arrangement to isolate the substance of interest on the membrane and luminescent material to enable the membrane to be treated after insertion into a luminometer, portable luminometers being readily available.
- suitable adaptions will be necessary to enable the kit to be used with all commercially available luminometers.
- a further filter arrangement is shown in figure 4 and comprises a piece of membrane 13 which is attached (removably or immovably) to a support.
- the support may be in the form of a rigid strip 20 with rectangular holes cut in it at intervals and below which is attached the membrane. Other hole shapes are of course possible.
- the support 20 may have an extension in the form of a flange 22 adapted to be held by forceps.
- the flange can be removed by cutting when the strip has been placed in the luminometer cuvette, thus obviating the need for the strip to be handled in any way.
- the membrane At the end of the filtration, and subsequent washing of the membrane 13, i) if the membrane were removably attached to its support, the membrane would be removed from its support, perhaps by peeling, and placed in the luminometer cuvette; ii) if the membrane were immovably attached to its support, the support would be cut along guide lines 23 in such a way as to free a section of it containing the membrane from the rest of the support and this section would be placed in the luminometer cuvette.
- a relatively thick absorptive pad 24 is held under the filter assembly so that fluid added to the membrane would pass through the membrane, after leaving the desired components in or on the membrane, and be absorbed by capillary attraction into the absorptive pad 24.
- the absorptive pad 24 would itself be contained in a structure or enclosure 25 that would allow none of the absorbed fluid to spill from the sides or bottom of the pad other than into this enclosure 25.
- this structure could form an integral part of the absorptive pad, such that the pad 24 is formed with impermeable side and bottom Walls.
- the membrane, or sections of the membrane may be held between two layers of supporting material in which are formed opposed holes for the passage of the fluid through the membrane and into the absorptive pad.
- the appropriate piece of membrane would be removed from between the sandwich after filtration and washing and placed in the luminometer cuvette.
- the support 20 may be in the form of a strip 20 containing a number of wells 26, perhaps six.
- Figure 5 is of such a structure and shows one well viewed from underneath, this figure is to no particular scale.
- Each well has a hole 21, perhaps rectangular, at the bottom, below which the membrane 13 is attached.
- the filtration device may consist of a microtitre plate strip or block in which the base of each well is furnished with a piece of the membrane as in the other devices described above. After filtration and washing of the samples, the strip or block is placed into a similar but shorter strip or block with the bottoms of the wells entire so that further flow of fluid through the membrane is prevented. This compound structure is then placed in the microtitre plate reader, perhaps after the addition of appropriate reagents to each of the wells.
- the techniques described can also be used to test milk for various reasons.
- One reason is to analyse the leucocytes which are present in milk to gain information about certain diseases in the animals, for example mastitis in cows. Milk producers can claim a premium if their product reaches certain standards. Data can therefore be obtained almost instantaneously in situ, without the need for skilled labour.
- Such techniques will also have obvious benefits in third world countries where alternative facilities for testing may not be available.
- milk can be tested in this way to assess under- or over- pasteurisation by for example analysing the concentration of various enzymes. Bacterial contamination could also be monitored at the same time.
- Another application for this invention is for the rapid determination of leucocytes in urine as part of a luminescent urinary tract infection screening kit.
- the activity of any leucocytes present in the urine and adsorbed on to the membrane will be assessed with the luminogenic reagent Pholasin or other suitable reagents.
- the invention will provide a simple, rapid measure of pyuria and its relation to bacteriuria. It will lead to simplification of the luminescent test for determining bacteria in urine, eliminating the requirement to destroy any ATP from somatic cells which might be present. Elimination of such a step will increase both the speed and reliability of that test.
- Figure 3(a) shows a syringe 30 having a barrel 31 and an inlet 32 through which liquid is drawn when a plunger 33 is withdrawn.
- the plunger 33 being pulled back by rod 34 attached thereto.
- a pin 35 is disposed within the rod 34 so that when the syringe 30 has been filled, the plunger can be pierced.
- the fluid in the syringe can then flow out under gravity. This is advantageous because it is not always desirable to eject the fluid under pressure by depressing the plunger.
- the rod 34 may be attached to the plunger 33 by means of a screw thread passing through the plunger as shown in figure 3(b) by means of a bayonet fitting plunger are possible and need not be confined within the rod 34.
- Figure 3(c) shows another syringe 30 in which the rod 34 is in the form of a cylinderwhich surrounds the pin 35.
- the rod 34 is in the form of a cylinderwhich surrounds the pin 35.
- another fluid is introduced into the cylinder 34. If the second fluid is of lower density than the contents of the syringe it will flow into the barrel and flush out the barrel of the syringe. When this second liquid impinges on the filter it will act as a washing liquid to wash away any substances not intended to be retained by the filter material.
- a similar adaptation could be made to the other syringe embodiments mentioned.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9026538 | 1990-12-06 | ||
GB909026538A GB9026538D0 (en) | 1990-12-06 | 1990-12-06 | Filtration arrangement |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0489602A2 true EP0489602A2 (de) | 1992-06-10 |
EP0489602A3 EP0489602A3 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
EP0489602B1 EP0489602B1 (de) | 1996-06-26 |
Family
ID=10686582
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91311391A Expired - Lifetime EP0489602B1 (de) | 1990-12-06 | 1991-12-06 | Filtrierungsanordnung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5266209A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0489602B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE139843T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69120514D1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB9026538D0 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994023296A1 (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1994-10-13 | Knight Scientific Limited | Method of separating particles from a filter |
WO2004048968A1 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-10 | Krysium Advisors Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting mastitis |
WO2011114146A1 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-22 | Knight Scientific Limited | Method for detection of inflammation in the urinary tract or urethra |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5401412A (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1995-03-28 | Biochem Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring biological activity in wastewater and controlling the treatment thereof |
JP3234370B2 (ja) * | 1993-10-01 | 2001-12-04 | タイホー工業株式会社 | 検体採取装置 |
US5733507A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-03-31 | Inphocyte, Inc. | Biological cell sample holder for use in infrared and/or Raman spectroscopy analysis holder |
US5848977A (en) * | 1996-02-16 | 1998-12-15 | Inphocyte, Inc. | Sample holder for cells |
ATE329012T1 (de) | 1997-04-08 | 2006-06-15 | Pall Corp | Verfahren zur gewinnung von seltenen zellen aus blutprodukten |
US6106718A (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-08-22 | Biochem Technology, Inc. | Enhanced denitrification process by monitoring and controlling carbonaceous nutrient addition |
US20020057996A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2002-05-16 | Bass Leland L. | Centrifuge tube assembly |
SE0102922D0 (sv) * | 2001-08-31 | 2001-08-31 | Astrazeneca Ab | Method and apparatus for sample preparation |
US6852527B2 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2005-02-08 | Inovyx, Inc. | Apparatus and method for the measurement of cells in biological samples |
US7678330B2 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2010-03-16 | Aleksandr Ostrovsky | System, method and apparatus for use in blood testing through luminescence |
US20120003662A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 | 2012-01-05 | University Of Medicine And Dentistry Of New Jersey | Methods and Kits for Detecting Mastitis |
US8808541B2 (en) | 2008-03-03 | 2014-08-19 | Marwan Nasralla | Dialysis cell and tray for dialysis cells |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2804117A1 (de) * | 1977-01-31 | 1978-08-03 | Chris J Plakas | Verfahren zur bestimmung von bakterienkonzentrationen durch lumineszenz |
EP0101398A1 (de) * | 1982-07-21 | 1984-02-22 | Packard Instrument Company, Inc. | Verfahren zur Konzentration und Messung von einzelligen Organismen |
WO1988007584A1 (en) * | 1987-03-23 | 1988-10-06 | New Horizons Diagnostics Corporation | Method and apparatus for detection and quantification of bacteria |
EP0335244A2 (de) * | 1988-03-28 | 1989-10-04 | Abbott Laboratories | Festphasenanalytische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Gebrauch derselben |
US4880548A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-11-14 | Pall Corporation | Device and method for separating leucocytes from platelet concentrate |
JPH0257197A (ja) * | 1988-02-03 | 1990-02-26 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 生菌の定量法 |
US4925572A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-05-15 | Pall Corporation | Device and method for depletion of the leukocyte content of blood and blood components |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3001669A1 (de) * | 1980-01-18 | 1981-08-06 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen | Anordnung zur optischen messung von physikalischen groessen und stoffkonzentrationen |
US4652533A (en) * | 1983-04-28 | 1987-03-24 | Pandex Laboratories, Inc. | Method of solid phase immunoassay incorporating a luminescent label |
FR2602592B1 (fr) * | 1986-08-06 | 1989-06-30 | Alain Baret | Utilisation du systeme enzymatique xanthine-oxydase en immuno-analyse, procedes de dosage correspondants et coffrets de reactifs necessaires pour la mise en oeuvre de ces procedes. |
US4923620A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-05-08 | Pall Corporation | Device for depletion of the leukocyte content of blood and blood components |
GB2211607A (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-07-05 | Cardiff Energy & Resources | Injection systems for luminometers |
US5096809A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1992-03-17 | Pacific Biotech, Inc. | Whole blood assays using porous membrane support devices |
US4948975A (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-08-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Quantitative luminescence imaging system |
-
1990
- 1990-12-06 GB GB909026538A patent/GB9026538D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-12-06 EP EP91311391A patent/EP0489602B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-06 US US07/801,781 patent/US5266209A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-06 DE DE69120514T patent/DE69120514D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-06 AT AT91311391T patent/ATE139843T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2804117A1 (de) * | 1977-01-31 | 1978-08-03 | Chris J Plakas | Verfahren zur bestimmung von bakterienkonzentrationen durch lumineszenz |
EP0101398A1 (de) * | 1982-07-21 | 1984-02-22 | Packard Instrument Company, Inc. | Verfahren zur Konzentration und Messung von einzelligen Organismen |
WO1988007584A1 (en) * | 1987-03-23 | 1988-10-06 | New Horizons Diagnostics Corporation | Method and apparatus for detection and quantification of bacteria |
US4925572A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-05-15 | Pall Corporation | Device and method for depletion of the leukocyte content of blood and blood components |
JPH0257197A (ja) * | 1988-02-03 | 1990-02-26 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 生菌の定量法 |
US4880548A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-11-14 | Pall Corporation | Device and method for separating leucocytes from platelet concentrate |
EP0335244A2 (de) * | 1988-03-28 | 1989-10-04 | Abbott Laboratories | Festphasenanalytische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Gebrauch derselben |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 14, no. 232 (C-0719), 17 May 1990; & JP - A - 2057197 (JAPAN ORGANO CO LTD) 26.02.1990 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994023296A1 (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1994-10-13 | Knight Scientific Limited | Method of separating particles from a filter |
US5830359A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1998-11-03 | Knight Scientific Limited | Method of separating particles from a filter |
WO2004048968A1 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-10 | Krysium Advisors Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting mastitis |
AU2003286246B2 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2009-05-21 | Krysium Technologies Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting mastitis |
US7757635B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2010-07-20 | Krysium Advisors Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting mastitis |
WO2011114146A1 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-22 | Knight Scientific Limited | Method for detection of inflammation in the urinary tract or urethra |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69120514D1 (de) | 1996-08-01 |
GB9026538D0 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
US5266209A (en) | 1993-11-30 |
ATE139843T1 (de) | 1996-07-15 |
EP0489602A3 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
EP0489602B1 (de) | 1996-06-26 |
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