EP0489193B1 - Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz - Google Patents

Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0489193B1
EP0489193B1 EP90123311A EP90123311A EP0489193B1 EP 0489193 B1 EP0489193 B1 EP 0489193B1 EP 90123311 A EP90123311 A EP 90123311A EP 90123311 A EP90123311 A EP 90123311A EP 0489193 B1 EP0489193 B1 EP 0489193B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
gas turbine
flame tube
volume
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90123311A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0489193A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Meylan
Hans Schwarz
Helmar Wunderle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Priority to DE59010740T priority Critical patent/DE59010740D1/de
Priority to EP90123311A priority patent/EP0489193B1/fr
Priority to US07/799,316 priority patent/US5226278A/en
Priority to JP31888291A priority patent/JP3180830B2/ja
Publication of EP0489193A1 publication Critical patent/EP0489193A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0489193B1 publication Critical patent/EP0489193B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/50—Combustion chambers comprising an annular flame tube within an annular casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002—Wall structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/202—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas turbine combustion chamber with an annular flame tube according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Cooling systems for flame tubes are shown and described there, which are constructed from wall parts which overlap in the turbine circumferential direction. In the turbine axis direction, these wall parts are grouped together from a large number of individual rib elements, which are held in position by fastening means. Due to the overlapping wall parts, the cooling air flows tangentially into the combustion chamber.
  • the invention has for its object to efficiently cool the entire wall of an annular flame tube by means of a suitable distribution of the cooling air and to minimize the cooling air consumption in a gas turbine combustion chamber of the aforementioned to reduce the emission of NO x .
  • the cooling air flowing out of the overlap gaps between two adjacent wall parts is deflected in a grille before entering the combustion chamber.
  • the angle of attack of the grille can be increasingly changed from the flame tube inlet to its outlet in order to match the swirling flow of the combustion gases near the wall.
  • the turbine 1, of which the first axially flowed stages in the form of three guide rows 2 'and run rows 2''is shown in FIG. 1, essentially consists of the bladed turbine rotor 3 and the blade carrier 4 equipped with guide blades.
  • the blade carrier is in the Turbine housing 5 suspended.
  • the turbine housing 5 also includes the collecting space 6 for the compressed combustion air.
  • the combustion air enters the annular combustion chamber 7 from this collecting space, which in turn opens into the turbine inlet, ie upstream of the first guide row 2 '.
  • In the compressed air enters the collecting space from the diffuser 8 of the compressor 9.
  • Only the last three stages are shown in the form of three guide rows 10 'and one row 10''.
  • the rotor blades of the compressor and the turbine sit on a common shaft 11, the central axis of which represents the longitudinal axis 12 of the gas turbine unit.
  • the compressed combustion air enters the collecting chamber 6 in the direction of the arrow in the burner 13, which is only shown as an example, of which 36 pieces are evenly distributed around the circumference.
  • the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 15 via a fuel nozzle 14.
  • the fuel nozzle In the plane of the primary air inlet, the fuel nozzle is surrounded by a swirl body 16 in the form of vortex blades.
  • the air reaches the primary zone of the combustion chamber 15 through the vortex blades, in which the combustion process takes place.
  • the vortex blades create a swirl flow with an air core directed against the burner, which anchors the flame to the burner so that it does not tear off despite the high air speed.
  • the turbulent flow ensures rapid combustion.
  • the annular combustion chamber 15 extends downstream of the burner orifices up to the turbine inlet. It is delimited both inside and outside by the flame tube 17.
  • this flame tube is designed as a self-supporting structure. It consists of one on both its inner ring and its outer ring Number of longitudinally arranged wall parts 18 with tangential overlap gaps 22 (FIGS. 2 and 6). These wall parts, which can be cast parts, are bent in the axial direction of the turbine in accordance with the course of the combustion chamber through which flow and extend over the entire axial length of the flame tube.
  • the number of wall parts is determined from the requirement that the cooling air flowing into the combustion chamber from the gaps should be used as efficiently as possible as film cooling. This means that the distance between two cooling air gaps and thus the tangential extent of a wall part is approximately as large as the effective length of the cooling air film. And from this one can see the manufacturing advantage, among other things, that only as many columns or wall parts have to be provided as are actually necessary. Furthermore, this design allows the realization of ring-shaped flame tubes of any dimensions and geometries. This design is easy to maintain, if only in the event of damage, only the damaged wall parts have to be replaced.
  • the flame tube on its side facing away from the combustion chamber is exposed to the air flow in the collecting chamber 6 supplied by the compressor 9.
  • the wall parts On their side facing the collecting space 6, the wall parts each have a plurality of inlet openings (19 in FIGS. 5 and 6) distributed over the circumference, via which the cooling air flows into a distribution space (20 in FIG. 5) arranged in the wall part and communicating with the combustion chamber and 6) is initiated.
  • the cooling air duct on the wall parts 18 is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the cooling air is guided as far as possible in the circumferential direction along the surfaces of the wall parts facing the collecting space 6 using the means described below.
  • the cooling air When flowing into the combustion chamber 15, the cooling air must of course not be directed against the swirl flow of the combustion gases indicated by arrows. This means that the inflow openings and the outflow gaps in the wall parts of the flame tube inner ring are arranged exactly opposite to those of the flame tube outer ring.
  • the cooling air Seen against the direction of flow of the combustion gases, which in this view have a swirl in the counterclockwise direction, the cooling air also flows through the outer ring in a counterclockwise direction, while brushing the wall parts of the inner ring in a clockwise direction.
  • the cooling air is introduced into the combustion chamber 15 for the purpose of cooling film maintenance so that it not only coincides in the same direction, but in its direction as far as possible in the direction of flow of the combustion gases near the wall of the flame tube.
  • FIG. 3 in which the flow conditions in the combustion chamber are shown on the basis of the partial development of a cylindrical section.
  • this 3 denotes the vertical B the plane of the burner mouth, the vertical T the plane of the turbine inlet.
  • the flow in the combustion chamber is explained on the basis of numerical data, which, however, can only have an exemplary character due to numerous other decisive parameters.
  • the combustion air leaves the swirl body at an angle of approx. 75 °.
  • X there is an acceleration of the working medium due to the combustion, which leads to a slight deflection in the axial direction.
  • the fuel gases now flow at an angle of approx. 55 °.
  • zone Y the gas flow is accelerated in the axial direction; the flow through the channel becomes increasingly steeper (Fig. 1). This constriction before the turbine inlet causes the gases in zone Z to be deflected to approximately 20 ° and thus act on the guide blades 2 ′ of the first turbine stage.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show a top view of the structure of a wall part 18, specifically the side facing the collecting space.
  • 6 shows a wall part of the inner flame tube ring in cross section.
  • the wall parts are not bent in the circumferential direction. Rather, it is almost flat plates that are bent according to the longitudinal direction of the turbine according to the course of the combustion chamber. These plates are on one side on the side facing the collecting space first end provided with a holding device in the form of a gripper 21. With this gripper 21, the adjacent plate in the circumferential direction is held, as shown by the broken line at the left end of the plate. This creates a simple assembly means which also allows the overlap gap 22 to be kept within narrow limits in every operating state.
  • an offset 23 is provided, which can be used for fastening purposes of the flame tube.
  • the flame tube structure is self-supporting; it is understood that this is only possible up to a certain order of magnitude.
  • these offsets 23 can be connected to the actual supporting structures on the wall parts. These are to be designed in any case so that a free expansion of the wall parts is not hindered during operation.
  • the wall parts are equipped on their side facing away from the combustion chamber with longitudinal ribs 24, which extend from the inlet-side distribution chamber 20 to the outlet-side passages 30. These passages can be designed as bores in a bead carrying the grippers 21.
  • the longitudinal ribs 24 divide the side of the wall part facing away from the combustion chamber 15 into channels 25, in which the cooling air is guided in the circumferential direction to the passages 30.
  • Both the distribution space 20 as well as the ribs 24 and the channels 25 are provided with a cover 26 against the collection space 6. In this cover there are a number of inlet openings 19 for the cooling air in the plane of the distribution space 20. 5, although they are invisible in this view, since the cover 26 has been omitted in FIGS. 4 and 5 for reasons of clarity.
  • the distribution space 20 at the inlet-side end of the wall part is divided into several distribution segments 28 by means of partition walls 27.
  • partition walls 27 With the choice of the axial extension of these distribution segments and thus the number of channels 25 acted upon per segment and the size of the inlet openings 19, one has a simple means of precisely metering the cooling air in one hand.
  • the cooling air flowing out of the passages 30 into the overlap gap 22 is deflected in a grille 29 before entering the combustion chamber 15.
  • This is arranged on the inlet-side end of the overlapping adjacent wall part (FIG. 6) on its side facing the combustion chamber.
  • the angle of attack of the grille is increasingly changed from the flame tube inlet to its outlet in accordance with the swirling flow of the combustion gases near the wall.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment shown and described.
  • the long sides of the wall parts could just as well run helically, for example at 45 °.
  • this grating could just as well be designed as a separate structural unit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz avec un tube de flammes annulaire (17), qui délimite un volume de combustion et qui est exposé, sur son côté situé à l'opposé du volume de combustion (15), à un courant d'air fourni à la turbine à gaz par le compresseur (11), et qui se compose de parties de paroi (18) se recouvrant en direction périphérique, dans laquelle les parties de paroi présentent chacune, sur leur côté situé à l'opposé du volume de combustion, plusieurs orifices d'admission (19) pour l'air de refroidissement répartis sur la périphérie et sont pourvues de moyens (24), pour guider l'air de refroidissement au moins approximativement en direction périphérique jusqu'à l'extrémité de sortie des parties de paroi, caractérisée
    - en ce que les parties de paroi (18) sont des éléments courbés dans la direction de l'axe de la turbine, qui s'étendent sur toute la longueur du tube de flammes (17),
    - en ce qu'un volume de répartition (20) est disposé à l'extrémité d'entrée des parties de paroi,
    - en ce que le volume de répartition (20) est en communication avec les orifices d'admission (19) et avec les moyens (24) pour le guidage de l'air de refroidissement,
    - en ce que les moyens (24) sont disposés au moins approximativement sur toute la dimension axiale du tube de flammes, et
    - en ce que la direction de l'air de refroidissement entrant dans le tube de flammes est adaptée à la direction de l'écoulement principal qui prévaut à proximité de la paroi respective.
  2. Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens (24) sont des nervures, qui subdivisent le côté de la partie de paroi (18) situé à l'opposé du volume de combustion (15) en canaux (25), qui sont à leur tour pourvus d'un couvercle (26) les isolant de l'atmosphère à l'extérieur du tube de flammes (17).
  3. Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'air de refroidissement sortant des nervures (24) est, avant son entrée dans le volume de combustion (15), dévié par une grille (29) qui est disposée à l'extrémité d'entrée de la partie de paroi (18) voisine recouverte, sur le côté de celle-ci faisant face au volume de combustion.
  4. Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le volume de répartition (20) est subdivisé en plusieurs segments de répartition (28) par des parois de séparation (27), à l'extrémité d'entrée de la partie de paroi (18).
  5. Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les longs côtés des parties de paroi (18) s'étendant dans la direction de l'axe de la turbine sont orientés parallèlement à l'axe (12) de la turbine.
  6. Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les parties de paroi (18) qui se recouvrent forment une structure de tube de flammes auto-portante.
  7. Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le tube de flammes (17) présente un nombre pair de parties de paroi (18) qui se recouvrent.
EP90123311A 1990-12-05 1990-12-05 Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0489193B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59010740T DE59010740D1 (de) 1990-12-05 1990-12-05 Gasturbinen-Brennkammer
EP90123311A EP0489193B1 (fr) 1990-12-05 1990-12-05 Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz
US07/799,316 US5226278A (en) 1990-12-05 1991-11-27 Gas turbine combustion chamber with improved air flow
JP31888291A JP3180830B2 (ja) 1990-12-05 1991-12-03 ガスタービンコンバスタ

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP90123311A EP0489193B1 (fr) 1990-12-05 1990-12-05 Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0489193A1 EP0489193A1 (fr) 1992-06-10
EP0489193B1 true EP0489193B1 (fr) 1997-07-23

Family

ID=8204799

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90123311A Expired - Lifetime EP0489193B1 (fr) 1990-12-05 1990-12-05 Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5226278A (fr)
EP (1) EP0489193B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3180830B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE59010740D1 (fr)

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GB9220937D0 (en) * 1992-10-06 1992-11-18 Rolls Royce Plc Gas turbine engine combustor
US5460002A (en) * 1993-05-21 1995-10-24 General Electric Company Catalytically-and aerodynamically-assisted liner for gas turbine combustors
DE4335413A1 (de) * 1993-10-18 1995-04-20 Abb Management Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kühlung einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer
DE59504264D1 (de) * 1994-01-24 1998-12-24 Siemens Ag Brennkammer für eine gasturbine
DE19507763A1 (de) * 1995-03-06 1996-09-12 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoffs in einer Gasturbine
US5906093A (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-05-25 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Gas turbine combustor transition
US20050044857A1 (en) * 2003-08-26 2005-03-03 Boris Glezer Combustor of a gas turbine engine
US7010921B2 (en) * 2004-06-01 2006-03-14 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for cooling combustor liner and transition piece of a gas turbine
US7574865B2 (en) * 2004-11-18 2009-08-18 Siemens Energy, Inc. Combustor flow sleeve with optimized cooling and airflow distribution
US7934382B2 (en) * 2005-12-22 2011-05-03 United Technologies Corporation Combustor turbine interface
AU2009216831B2 (en) * 2008-02-20 2014-11-20 General Electric Technology Gmbh Gas turbine
US9080464B2 (en) * 2008-02-27 2015-07-14 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Gas turbine and method of opening chamber of gas turbine
CH699309A1 (de) * 2008-08-14 2010-02-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Thermische maschine mit luftgekühlter, ringförmiger brennkammer.
US20120027578A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 General Electric Company Systems and apparatus relating to diffusers in combustion turbine engines
US9267687B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2016-02-23 General Electric Company Combustion system having a venturi for reducing wakes in an airflow
US9739201B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2017-08-22 General Electric Company Wake reducing structure for a turbine system and method of reducing wake
US9322553B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2016-04-26 General Electric Company Wake manipulating structure for a turbine system
US9435221B2 (en) 2013-08-09 2016-09-06 General Electric Company Turbomachine airfoil positioning
DE102014206018A1 (de) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gasturbinenanlage
US11073285B2 (en) 2019-06-21 2021-07-27 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Combustor panel configuration with skewed side walls
CN115095395A (zh) * 2022-07-28 2022-09-23 哈电发电设备国家工程研究中心有限公司 一种双燃烧室的燃气轮机空气引导机匣内缸

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH04273913A (ja) 1992-09-30
JP3180830B2 (ja) 2001-06-25
DE59010740D1 (de) 1997-09-04
EP0489193A1 (fr) 1992-06-10
US5226278A (en) 1993-07-13

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