Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
  • C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
  • C06B45/14—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones a layer or zone containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component

Definitions

• the present invention is in the field of ammunition, in particular military, attenuated risks. It relates to a slightly vulnerable element of explosive ammunition consisting of a generally metallic envelope containing an explosive charge. This ammunition is particularly useful for generating a blast effect in the air or a bubble effect in the underwater environment.
• the load and its envelope generally have an axial symmetry (surface of revolution), so as to generate symmetrical effects. Explosive ordnance, in particular during its storage or transport, can be subjected to attacks such as fire, impact and the penetration of fragments or bullets, detonation close to neighboring munitions.
• composite explosive means a functionally detonable pyrotechnic composition, consisting of a solid polymer matrix, generally polyurethane or polyester, charged, said charge being pulverulent and containing predominantly an organic nitro explosive charge, for example l hexogen, octogen, ONTA, or a mixture of at least two of these compounds.
• French patent FR 2 365 774 describes an approximately cylindrical element of explosive ammunition consisting of an envelope containing a multi-composition charge which may be a composite explosive.
• This multi-composition charge comprises a plurality of adjacent coaxial annular layers, the peripheral layer having a content of powerful heavy explosive (hexogen, octogen) higher than that of the layer which is immediately adjacent to it and thus step by step up to the layer central axial which is full cylindrical and has the lowest content of heavy heavy explosive.
• hexogen, octogen powerful heavy explosive
• a person skilled in the art is therefore looking for a more satisfactory solution than those known above, making it possible to further reduce the vulnerability of the load, and better still that of the ammunition element consisting of said load and its priming relay. , while retaining the performance required in terms of the desired effect of breath and / or bubbles.
• the present invention provides such a solution.
• the Applicant has discovered that, unexpectedly, the vulnerability of an explosive ammunition element consisting of a generally and preferably metallic envelope containing a composite explosive consisting of a polyurethane or polyester polymer matrix loaded on the one hand, is reduced.
• a powdery charge free of organic nitro explosive but comprising at least one mineral oxidant by distributing the organic nitro explosive and the charge free of organic nitro explosive in the polyurethane polymer matrix or polyester so as to produce a multi-composition charge, preferably bi-composition, the innermost layer of which is a composite explosive, the charge of which contains more than 40% by weight of organic nitro explosive, percentage expressed relative to the composite explosive , and whose peripheral layer is a pyrotechnic composition made up of a material this charged polyurethane or polyester polymer, said filler containing at least one mineral oxidant and less than 10% by weight of organic nitro explosive, percentage expressed relative to the pyrotechnic composition, while retaining practically the same level of performance, namely the same effect of breath and / or bubbles.
• the pyrotechnic composition of the peripheral layer is from the family of composite solid propellants.
• composite solid propellant is conventionally understood to mean a pyrotechnic composition used in the same way as that of a composite explosive, and consisting of a polymer matrix solid, generally polyurethane or polyester, charged, said charge being pulverulent and essentially consisting of a mineral oxidant and in general of a reducing metal.
• the charge may also sometimes contain an organic nitro explosive.
• solid composite propellants are functionally combustible and include various additives to control propulsion.
• Composite solid propellants and how to obtain them are for example described by A. DAVENAS, Solid propellant technology, Ed. Masson, 1989.
• the Applicant wishes not to qualify the peripheral layer of "Propellant” although the composition of this layer differs from that of the solid composite progergols only by the absence additives linked to the propellant function of the propellants (ballistic additives, combustion accelerators, etc.), and prefers to use the expression "Pyrotechnic composition of the family of solid composite propellants".
• organic nitro explosive means an explosive chosen from the group consisting of explosives aromatic nitrates (comprising at least one C -NO2 group, the carbon atom being part of an aromatic ring), nitric ester explosives (comprising at least one C - O - NO2 group) and nitramine explosives (comprising at least a C - N - NO2 group).
• this multicomposition configuration with a peripheral layer of pyrotechnic composition of the fault of the solid composite propellants whose charge contains at least one mineral oxidant and less than 10% by weight of organic nitro explosive, preferably 0%, gives the ammunition element a quasi-invulnerability to detonation close to neighboring munitions.
• the element according to the invention is more easily bootable, by a relay in contact with the innermost layer of the multi-composition charge, than according to the massively equivalent configuration known from the prior art. Therefore, the element according to the invention can be initiated by a smaller relay which on the one hand further reduces the vulnerability of the envelope-load-relay assembly, and on the other hand allows the use explosives which are very difficult to initiate, which was previously prohibited because of the size of the priming relays required and the consequent risks.
• the configuration according to the invention therefore simultaneously makes it possible to reduce the vulnerability of the load vis-à-vis detonation waves, generally lateral ones, caused by the detonation close to neighboring munitions, and to increase its frontal initiation eu with regard to a priming relay located on the axis of the load in contact with the innermost layer.
• the present invention therefore relates to an explosive munition element consisting of a preferably metallic envelope containing a multicomposition explosive charge comprising a plurality of adjacent coaxial layers.
• the envelope and each layer of the load may have any form of revolution, for example cylindrical, ovoid, ellipsoidal, spherical, conical or diabolo. All these forms may be only approximate.
• the surfaces of revolution may in particular have irregularities, for example teeth or other recesses.
• the layers may not be strictly coaxial.
• the innermost layer is preferably full, but it can also have one or more recesses, for example a recess for housing the priming system.
• the invention is characterized in that the innermost layer is a composite explosive consisting of a charged polyurethane or polyester polymer matrix, preferably polyurethane, the charge of which, pulverulent, contains an organic nitro explosive the content of which is greater than 40 % by weight with respect to the composite explosive, preferably between 40% and 90%, and in that the peripheral layer is a pyrotechnic composition from the family of solid composite propellants consisting of a charged polyurethane or polyester polymer matrix, preferably polyurethane, the pulverulent filler of which contains at least one inorganic oxidant and less than 10% by weight of organic nitro explosive, percentage expressed relative to the pyrotechnic composition of the family of solid composite propellants.
• the explosive charge is a bi-composition charge, the internal layer being coated with an adjacent peripheral coaxial layer.
• the intermediate layer or layers are preferably made of composite explosive, but certain layers, in particular those close to the peripheral layer, can be in pyrotechnic composition from the family of solid composite propellants.
• the polymer matrix of the composite explosive constituting the innermost layer and the polymer matrix of the pyrotechnic composition constituting the peripheral layer of the charge are identical, preferably a polyurethane matrix.
• the intermediate layers of composite explosive and / or of pyrotechnic composition from the family of solid composite propellants also have the same polymer matrix as the innermost layer and the peripheral layer.
• the polymer matrices may optionally include a plasticizer, such as those usually used in the use of composite explosives and composite solid propellants.
• the polyurethane polymer matrix is obtained by reaction of a prepolymer with hydroxyl endings with a polyisocyanate.
• prepolymers with hydroxyl endings mention may be made of those whose backbone is a polyisobutylene, a polybutadiene, a polyether, a polyester, a polysiloxane.
• polybutadiene with hydroxyl end groups is used.
• polyisocyanates examples include isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), dicyclohexylmethylene diisocyanate (Hylene W), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), biuret trihexane isocyanate (BTHI), and mixtures thereof.
• IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
• TDI toluene diisocyanate
• Hylene W dicyclohexylmethylene diisocyanate
• HMDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
• BTHI biuret trihexane isocyanate
• the polymer matrix is a polyester matrix
• a carboxyl-terminated prepolymer preferably a carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (PBCT) or a carboxyl-terminated polyester
• PBCT carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene
• MAPO trimethylaziridinyl phosphine oxide
• the charge of the pyrotechnic composition of the family of composite solid propellants constituting the peripheral layer contains an inorganic oxidant chosen from the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, nitrate of ammonium, sodium nitrate, and mixtures thereof, that is to say all mixtures of at least two aforementioned products.
• the charge of the pyrotechnic composition of the family of solid composite propellants constituting the peripheral layer contains a reducing metal, preferably chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, boron and their mixtures , that is to say all mixtures of at least two of the four metals mentioned above.
• the reducing metal is aluminum.
• the charge of the pyrotechnic composition of the family of solid composite propellants constituting the peripheral layer is free of organic nitro explosive.
• two particularly interesting sub-variants must be mentioned.
• the charge of the pyrotechnic composition constituting the peripheral layer is a mineral charge, preferably chosen from the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and their mixtures.
• the charge therefore does not contain any other compound.
• the organic nitro explosive contained in the charge of the composite explosive constituting the innermost layer of the charge is chosen from the group consisting of hexogen, octogen, pentrite, 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole, triaminotrinitrobenzene, nitroguanidine and their mixtures, that is to say all mixtures of at least two of the above-mentioned compounds.
• this charge of organic nitro explosive is chosen from the group consisting of hexogen, octogen, 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole and their mixtures.
• the charge of the composite explosive constituting the innermost layer of the charge consists only organic nitro explosive.
• this charge is preferably made up, and only made up, of the organic nitrated explosive in mixture with a charge chosen in the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, reducing metals, and mixtures thereof, i.e. all mixtures of at least two of the aforementioned compounds.
• the charge of the composite explosive consists solely of the organic nitro explosive in admixture with a charge chosen from the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, aluminum and their mixtures.
• the percentage of aluminum is other than 0, this is preferably between 5% and 35% by weight.
• the percentage of ammonium perchlorate is other than 0, this is preferably between 10% and 40% by weight.
• the percentage of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate is zero, the percentage of organic nitro explosive is between 75% and 90% by weight.
• Example 1 Reducing the Vulnerability of an Ammunition Element explosive, the explosive charge of which is a polyurethane composite explosive loaded with hexogen, ammonium perchlorate and aluminum.
• composition of the charge in composite explosive whose vulnerability is to be reduced is as follows: - Polyurethane polymer matrix obtained by reaction of a polybutadiene with hydroxyl endings with IPDI 12% - Hexogenic 20% - Ammonium perchlorate 43% - Aluminum 25%
• Such a load is used in particular in underwater mines and torpedoes.
• the cylindrical metallic envelope containing the load is made of steel, 12.5 mm thick.
• the diameter of the load is 248 mm and its length of 450 mm.
• the charges are distributed in the polyurethane polymer matrix of the load so as to achieve a bi-composition loading massively equivalent to the previous one and having the same dimensions.
• the composition of each layer and the relative mass proportion of the two layers so as to obtain equivalence result from simple and obvious calculations for those skilled in the art. Many solutions result from these calculations.
• the bi-composition charge produced consists of a cylinder full of composite explosive having as axis that of the charge, of diameter 128 mm, of composition 88% by weight of hexogen and 12% by weight of the aforementioned polymer matrix, coated with a cylindrical crown in a pyrotechnic composition from the family of solid composite propellants, with an internal diameter of 128 mm, an external diameter of 248 mm, therefore of thickness 60 mm, of composition 55.6% by weight of ammonium perchlorate, 32, 4% by weight of aluminum and 12% by weight of the above-mentioned polymer matrix. Except for additives, this composition is that of a BUTALANE propellant (trademark registered by the SNPE).
• This bi-composition loading was carried out according to the technique, well known to those skilled in the art, of producing composite explosives and solid composite multi-composition propellants by successive flows in molds followed by polymerizations.
• the full cylinder in composite explosive is equipped with a priming system consisting of a plane wave generator of large diameter 50 mm and length 70 mm, located coaxially with respect to the load, in composite bi-composition explosive (binder polyurethane 14% and octogen 86% for the first and polyurethane binder 11.5%, pentrite 17% and minimum 71.5% for the second).
• a priming system consisting of a plane wave generator of large diameter 50 mm and length 70 mm, located coaxially with respect to the load, in composite bi-composition explosive (binder polyurethane 14% and octogen 86% for the first and polyurethane binder 11.5%, pentrite 17% and minimum 71.5% for the second).
• the relay was then primed and consequently that of the composite explosive constituting the full cylinder of the charge of the lower element, using a conventional detonator in contact with the relay.
• the increase in the initiation of the charge is difficult to measure because the single-composition charge of composite explosive whose vulnerability is to be reduced is already very easily initiable.
• EXAMPLE 2 Reduction of the Vulnerability and Increase of the Primability of an Element of Explosive Ammunition whose Explosive Load is a Polyurethane Composite Explosive Charged with ONTA, Octogen, Ammonium Perchlorate and Aluminum.
• composition of the loading in composite explosive which one wants to lower the vulnerability and increase the bootability is as follows: - Polyurethane polymer matrix obtained by reaction of a polybutadiene with hydroxyl endings with IPDI hydroxyls with IPDI 15% - Octogenous 6% - HAVE A 31% - Ammonium perchlorate 38% - Aluminum 10%
• the cylindrical metallic envelope containing the load is identical to that of Example 1.
• This load has a very high critical diameter, greater than 10 cm. It is therefore very difficult to boot. Only very large relays can achieve this. However, the vulnerability of such relays prohibits in practice the use of such a load, in particular in mines, underwater torpedoes and bombs of general use.
• the charges are distributed in the polyurethane polymer matrix of the load so as to produce a bi-composition load massively equivalent to the previous one and having the same dimensions.
• This bi-composition charge consists of a cylinder full of composite explosive having as axis that of the charge, of diameter 168 mm, of composition 12% by weight of octogen, 72% by weight of ONTA and 16% by weight of the aforementioned polymer matrix, coated with a cylindrical crown in a pyrotechnic composition of the family of solid composite propellants, of internal diameter 168 mm, of external diameter 248 mm, therefore of thickness 40 mm, of composition 68% by weight of perchlorate d ammonium, 18% by weight of aluminum and 14% by weight of the aforementioned polymer matrix. Except for additives, this composition is that of a BUTALANE propellant.
• This bi-composition loading was carried out using the same technique as that of Example 1.
• the cylinder full of composite explosive is provided with a priming system consisting of a generator of plane waves, of large diameter 90 mm and length 80 mm, located co-axially with respect to the load, of the same nature as the generator used for example 1.
• a stack of 3 ammunition elements thus formed that is to say comprising the casing, the bi-composition loading and the priming relay, was produced along a merlon.
• the separation distance of the elements is 25 mm.
• the relay was then primed and consequently that of the composite explosive constituting the full cylinder of the loading of the lower element, using a conventional detonator in contact with the relay.

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• Air Bags (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
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• Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
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• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
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• 1990
  • 1990-10-17 FR FR9012797A patent/FR2668146B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1991
  • 1991-07-31 US US07/738,310 patent/US5189247A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-07-31 IL IL9902191A patent/IL99021A/he not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-08-22 NO NO913285A patent/NO174664C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-08-30 AU AU83463/91A patent/AU645120B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1991-09-02 JP JP3221551A patent/JP3004779B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-10-01 AT AT91402612T patent/ATE120442T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-10-01 DE DE69108507T patent/DE69108507T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-10-01 EP EP91402612A patent/EP0481838B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-10-01 DK DK91402612.5T patent/DK0481838T3/da active
  • 1991-10-01 ES ES91402612T patent/ES2071258T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-10-16 CA CA002053501A patent/CA2053501C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-10-16 FI FI914872A patent/FI105473B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation

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