EP0481223B1 - Railway vehicle - Google Patents

Railway vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0481223B1
EP0481223B1 EP91115688A EP91115688A EP0481223B1 EP 0481223 B1 EP0481223 B1 EP 0481223B1 EP 91115688 A EP91115688 A EP 91115688A EP 91115688 A EP91115688 A EP 91115688A EP 0481223 B1 EP0481223 B1 EP 0481223B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
railway vehicle
radiator
extension bracket
vehicle
railway
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91115688A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0481223A1 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hermann Wiebe Grundstuecks- und Maschinenanlagen KG
Original Assignee
Hermann Wiebe Grundstuecks- und Maschinenanlagen KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP0481223A1 publication Critical patent/EP0481223A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0481223B1 publication Critical patent/EP0481223B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H11/00—Control of undesirable vegetation on roads or similar surfaces or permanent ways of railways, e.g. devices for scorching weeds or for applying herbicides; Applying liquids, e.g. water, weed-killer bitumen, to permanent ways

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail vehicle for combating undesirable vegetation on iron railroad tracks in the track area and the area adjoining it laterally, in particular the edge path, with at least one radiator unit arranged below the rail vehicle and displaceable transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle for generating electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation.
  • Such a vehicle is known from DE-U-89 11 198, in which the emitter unit consists of a plurality of boxes which are connected to one another in a chain-like manner and which are mounted below the car body and can be extended laterally from there.
  • the outermost spotlight box is articulated to the boom for static reasons. This spotlight box can only be moved simultaneously with the parts of the spotlight unit articulated on the carriage side.
  • the processing of the adjoining side path or the subsequent embankment is cumbersome in the above-described device.
  • the extended radiator unit reaches an obstacle in the peripheral path area, for example a mast, the entire radiator unit must be withdrawn there, which is only possible while simultaneously pivoting the individual members of the radiator unit.
  • the spotlight boxes in the track and ballast flank area per se would not be affected by the obstacle, such as the base of the catenary mast. Their adjustment is only a consequence of the need to prevent the outermost radiator box assigned to the edge path or the embankment from colliding.
  • a rail-bound movable vehicle which has a cutting device for removing brushwood in the edge / embankment area of railroad tracks.
  • the cutting device is articulated on a boom of the vehicle and can be returned from the work area to the clearance profile of the vehicle by folding the boom if an obstacle, e.g. a catenary mast etc. appears.
  • the object of the invention is to be able to independently control plant growth on the track area and the gravel flanks on the one hand and on the edge path or the embankment on the other hand.
  • each radiator unit is connected to the boom via two articulation points.
  • the slope of the slope or the edge path are not significantly different before and after an obstacle. Therefore, by avoiding an obstacle by operating the boom, the inclination of the radiator unit should not change.
  • This can be achieved, for example, in that the two-arm arm designed as a parallelogram link carries at its free end a directionally stable sign on which the radiator units are articulated.
  • a rail vehicle 1 is indicated by its loading surface 7 and the maximum permissible clearance profile 23.
  • the radiator units for the treatment of areas lying outside the track area 24, in particular the adjoining edge path 27 or an embankment adjoining the ballast flank 25, must be retractable into the interior of the clearance profile 23.
  • the emitter units 3, 3 'must of course also avoid collisions with obstacles, in particular with mast bases 6 or masts 5, when moving the rail vehicle 1. For this reason, the radiator units arranged below the vehicle and retractable on its underside are assigned only one working area which is delimited by curve 21.
  • the boom 20 is preferably designed as a parallelogram link.
  • An example of the constructive implementation of this idea is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the parallelogram link 20 shown has articulated primary arms 8 and secondary arms 12, the primary arms 8 being articulated to a frame 17.
  • the frame 17 in turn is pivotable about a vertical axis 16 so that the boom 20 can either reach the left or right edge path; otherwise separate booms are required for the right and left edge paths; This is particularly useful when using single-track lines, since left and right can then be worked simultaneously in one trip.
  • the pivoting movement of the primary arms 8 takes place by actuating the primary cylinder 14 Changing the mutual angular position of primary arms and secondary arms by actuating the secondary cylinder 15.
  • a primary link 11 and two secondary links 13 are provided which are connected to one another in the manner shown by a simple link arm 10 and a double arm 31. That the connection line of the ends of secondary arms and secondary links never changes direction in such a construction is known per se and can be seen from FIG. 3 for the rest.
  • a shield 19 is provided on the left and right of the boom 20 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the radiator units 3 and 3 ' are articulated on the one hand directly by means of the axis 26, and on the other hand indirectly via the hydraulic units 18 and 18'.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A railway vehicle for controlling undesirable plant growth along railway lines in the region laterally adjoining the track region and ballast flanks, in particular the berm, having at least one radiator unit for generating electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, which is mounted displaceably on the rail vehicle transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of said vehicle. The radiator units are mounted in articulated fashion on an extension arm arranged on the upper side of the railway vehicle. To permit irradiation of the track region and ballast flanks on the one hand and berm or embankment on the other hand, the radiator units (3,3') are borne solely by the extension arm (20) and can be brought by means of the same over the upper side of the railway vehicle (1). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Schienenfahrzeug zur Bekämpfung von unerwünschtem Pflanzenwuchs auf Eisenbantrassen in dem Gleisbereich und dem seitlich daran anschließenden Bereich, insbesondere dem Randweg, mit mindestens einer unterhalb des Schienenfahrzeugs angeordneten, quer zur Fahrzeuglängsrichtung verschiebbar gelagerten Strahlereinheit zur Erzeugung elektromagnetischer Strahlung, insbesondere Infrarotstrahlung.The invention relates to a rail vehicle for combating undesirable vegetation on iron railroad tracks in the track area and the area adjoining it laterally, in particular the edge path, with at least one radiator unit arranged below the rail vehicle and displaceable transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle for generating electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation.

Aus DE-U-89 11 198 ist ein derartiges Fahrzeug bekannt, bei dem die Strahlereinheit aus mehreren kettenartig miteinander verbundenen Kästen besteht, welche unterhalb des Wagenkastens gelagert und von dort seitlich ausfahrbar sind. Die Anlenkung des äußersten Strahlerkastens an den Ausleger erfolgt aus statischen Gründen. Eine Verschiebung dieses Strahlerkastens kann nur gleichzeitig mit den wagenseitig daran angelenkten Teilen der Strahlereinheit erfolgen.Such a vehicle is known from DE-U-89 11 198, in which the emitter unit consists of a plurality of boxes which are connected to one another in a chain-like manner and which are mounted below the car body and can be extended laterally from there. The outermost spotlight box is articulated to the boom for static reasons. This spotlight box can only be moved simultaneously with the parts of the spotlight unit articulated on the carriage side.

So zweckmäßig es ist, die Strahler, welche den Gleisbereich und die daran anschließenden Schotterflanken behandeln sollen, unterhalb des Wagenkastens zu lagern, so umständlich ist bei der vorbeschriebenen Einrichtung die Bearbeitung des seitlich daran anschließenden Randweges bzw. der anschließenden Böschung. Sobald nämlich die ausgefahrene Strahlereinheit zu einem Hindernis im Randwegbereich gelangt, beispielsweise zu einem Masten, muß dort die gesamte Strahlereinheit zurückgezogen werden, was nur unter gleichzeitiger Verschwenkung der einzelnen Glieder der Strahlereinheit möglich ist. Dabei wären die Strahlerkästen im Gleis- und Schotterflankenbereich an sich durch das Hindernis, etwa den Sockel des Fahrleitungsmastes, gar nicht beeinträchtigt. Ihre Verstellung ist nur eine Folge der Notwendigkeit, den äußersten dem Randweg bzw. der Böschung zugeordneten Strahlerkasten vor einer Kollision zu bewahren.As useful as it is to store the spotlights, which are supposed to treat the track area and the adjoining ballast flanks, underneath the car body, the processing of the adjoining side path or the subsequent embankment is cumbersome in the above-described device. As soon as the extended radiator unit reaches an obstacle in the peripheral path area, for example a mast, the entire radiator unit must be withdrawn there, which is only possible while simultaneously pivoting the individual members of the radiator unit. The spotlight boxes in the track and ballast flank area per se would not be affected by the obstacle, such as the base of the catenary mast. Their adjustment is only a consequence of the need to prevent the outermost radiator box assigned to the edge path or the embankment from colliding.

Aus der FR-A-2,087,121 ist ein schienengebunden verfahrbares Fahrzeug bekannt, welches ein Schneidgerät zum Entfernen von Gestrüpp im Rand-/Böschungsbereich von Eisenbahntrassen aufweist. Das Schneidgerät ist auf einem Ausleger des Fahrzeugs gelenkig angeordnet und läßt sich durch Einklappen des Auslegers aus dem Arbeitsbereich in das Lichtraumprofil des Fahrzeugs zurückführen, wenn im Arbeitsbereich ein Hindernis, z.B. ein Fahrleitungsmast etc. auftaucht.From FR-A-2,087,121 a rail-bound movable vehicle is known, which has a cutting device for removing brushwood in the edge / embankment area of railroad tracks. The cutting device is articulated on a boom of the vehicle and can be returned from the work area to the clearance profile of the vehicle by folding the boom if an obstacle, e.g. a catenary mast etc. appears.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den Pflanzenwuchs auf dem Gleisbereich und den Schotterflanken einerseits, und auf dem Randweg bzw. der Böschung andererseits unabhängig bekämpfen zu können.The object of the invention is to be able to independently control plant growth on the track area and the gravel flanks on the one hand and on the edge path or the embankment on the other hand.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem Schienenfahrzeug der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch mindestens eine weitere Strahlereinheit, die an einem auf der Oberseite des Schienenfahrzeuges angeordneten Ausleger angelenkt ist und ausschließlich vom Ausleger getragen und durch denselben über die Oberseite des Schienenfahrzeuges verbringbar ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in the rail vehicle of the type mentioned at the outset by at least one further radiator unit which is articulated on a boom arranged on the top of the rail vehicle and is carried exclusively by the boom and can be moved by it over the top of the rail vehicle.

Da im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik die Strahlereinheiten nur mehr am Ausleger befestigt sind, muß dieser die Strahler nicht nur tragen, sondern auch ihre Richtung festlegen. Hiezu ist vorgesehen, daß jede Strahlereinheit über zwei Anlenkstellen mit dem Ausleger verbunden ist.Since, in contrast to the prior art, the emitter units are only attached to the bracket, this must not only carry the emitter, but also determine its direction. For this purpose, it is provided that each radiator unit is connected to the boom via two articulation points.

Normalerweise ist davon auszugehen, daß vor und nach einem Hindernis die Neigung der Böschung bzw. des Randweges nicht wesentlich verschieden sind. Es sollte sich daher dadurch, daß durch Betätigung des Auslegers einem Hindernis ausgewichen wird, die Schrägstellung der Strahlereinheit nicht ändern. Dies kann beispielsweise erreicht werden, indem der als Parallelogrammlenker ausgebildete zweiarmige Ausleger an seinem freien Ende ein richtungsstabiles Schild trägt, an welchem die Strahlereinheiten angelenkt sind.Normally, it can be assumed that the slope of the slope or the edge path are not significantly different before and after an obstacle. Therefore, by avoiding an obstacle by operating the boom, the inclination of the radiator unit should not change. This can be achieved, for example, in that the two-arm arm designed as a parallelogram link carries at its free end a directionally stable sign on which the radiator units are articulated.

Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anschließend anhand der Zeichnung erläutert.Details of the invention are subsequently explained with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
schematisch in Gleichsrichtung den Einsatzbereich der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung;
Fig. 2
in analoger Darstellung deren Funktionsweise;
Fig. 3
eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Auslegers; und
Fig. 4
eine Seitenansicht jenes Bereiches des Auslegers, an welchen die Strahlereinheiten für den Randwegbereich angelenkt sind.
Show it:
Fig. 1
schematically in the same direction the area of application of the device according to the invention;
Fig. 2
in an analogous representation of their functioning;
Fig. 3
an embodiment of the boom according to the invention; and
Fig. 4
a side view of that area of the boom to which the radiator units for the edge path area are articulated.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Schienenfahrzeug 1 durch seine Ladefläche 7 und das höchstzulässige Lichtraumprofil 23 angedeutet.In Fig. 1, a rail vehicle 1 is indicated by its loading surface 7 and the maximum permissible clearance profile 23.

Wird ein solches Fahrzeug zur Entkrautung eingesetzt, empfiehlt es sich, die Strahlereinheiten zur Bestrahlung des zwischen den Schienen 2 bzw. Schwellen 3 vorgesehenen Gleisbereiches 24 unterhalb der Ladefläche 7 anzuordnen. Die Strahlereinheiten zur Behandlung außerhalb des Gleisbereiches 24 liegender Flächen, insbesondere des daran anschließenden Randweges 27 bzw. einer an die Schotterflanke 25 anschließenden Böschung müssen ins Innere des Lichtraumprofiles 23 zurückziehbar sein. Außerdem müssen die Strahlereinheiten 3,3' natürlich beim Verfahren des Schienenfahrzeuges 1 auch Kollisionen mit Hindernissen, insbesondere mit Mastsockeln 6 oder Masten 5 vermeiden. Aus diesem Grunde wird den unterhalb des Fahrzeuges angeordneten und an dessen Unterseite einziehbaren Strahlereinheiten lediglich ein Arbeitsbereich zugeordnet, welcher durch die Kurve 21 begrenzt ist. Der nach außen daran anschließende Randweg bzw. Böschungsbereich wird hingegen durch gesonderte Strahlereinheiten 3,3' bearbeitet, deren Einsatzbereich durch die Kurve 22 berandet ist. Im zurückgezogenen Zustand befinden sich diese Strahlereinheiten 3,3' nicht unterhalb, sondern oberhalb der Ladefläche 7, wie dies insbesondere aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht.If such a vehicle is used for weeding, it is advisable to arrange the emitter units for irradiating the track area 24 provided between the rails 2 or sleepers 3 below the loading area 7. The radiator units for the treatment of areas lying outside the track area 24, in particular the adjoining edge path 27 or an embankment adjoining the ballast flank 25, must be retractable into the interior of the clearance profile 23. In addition, the emitter units 3, 3 'must of course also avoid collisions with obstacles, in particular with mast bases 6 or masts 5, when moving the rail vehicle 1. For this reason, the radiator units arranged below the vehicle and retractable on its underside are assigned only one working area which is delimited by curve 21. The border path or embankment area adjoining it on the outside is, however, separated by a separate one Emitter units 3,3 'processed, the area of application is bordered by curve 22. In the retracted state, these emitter units 3, 3 'are not located below but above the loading area 7, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 2.

Aus Fig. 2 ergibt sich, daß die Befestigung der Strahlereinheiten 3 an einem insgesamt mit 20 bezeichneten Ausleger, der an der Oberseite der Ladefläche 7 gelagert ist, auf einfache Weise einerseits die Bearbeitung des Randweges 27, andererseits das Verstauen der Strahlereinheit 3 innerhalb des Lichtraumprofils 23 erlaubt.From Fig. 2 it follows that the attachment of the radiator units 3 on a boom designated 20, which is mounted on the top of the loading surface 7, on the one hand the processing of the edge path 27, on the other hand the stowing of the radiator unit 3 within the clearance profile 23 allowed.

Um die Beibehaltung der Richtung der Strahlereinheit 3 während des Ein- und Ausschwenkens des Auslegers 20 zu gewährleisten, ist der Ausleger 20 vorzugsweise als Parallelogrammlenker ausgebildet. Ein Beispiel für die konstruktive Durchführung dieses Gedankens ist in Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellt.In order to ensure that the direction of the radiator unit 3 is maintained while the boom 20 is pivoted in and out, the boom 20 is preferably designed as a parallelogram link. An example of the constructive implementation of this idea is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Der dargestellte Parallelogrammlenker 20 weist gelenkig miteinander verbundene Primärarme 8 und Sekundärarme 12 auf, wobei die Primärarme 8 gelenkig an einem Rahmen 17 befestigt sind. Der Rahmen 17 wiederum ist um eine vertikale Achse 16 schwenkbar, damit der Ausleger 20 wahlweise den linken oder rechten Randweg erreichen kann; andernfalls sind für den rechten und den linken Randweg gesonderte Ausleger erforderlich; dies ist insbesondere beim Einsatz in eingleisigen Strecken zweckmäßig, da dann links und rechts gleichzeitig - in einer Fahrt - gearbeitet werden kann. Die Schwenkbewegung der Primärarme 8 erfolgt durch Betätigung des Primärzylinders 14, die Veränderung der gegenseitigen Winkelstellung von Primärarmen und Sekundärarmen durch Betätigung des Sekundärzylinders 15.The parallelogram link 20 shown has articulated primary arms 8 and secondary arms 12, the primary arms 8 being articulated to a frame 17. The frame 17 in turn is pivotable about a vertical axis 16 so that the boom 20 can either reach the left or right edge path; otherwise separate booms are required for the right and left edge paths; This is particularly useful when using single-track lines, since left and right can then be worked simultaneously in one trip. The pivoting movement of the primary arms 8 takes place by actuating the primary cylinder 14 Changing the mutual angular position of primary arms and secondary arms by actuating the secondary cylinder 15.

Um die räumliche Orientierung eines am Ende der Sekundärarme 12 angelenkten Teiles konstant zu halten, sind ein Primärlenker 11 und zwei Sekundärlenker 13 vorgesehen, welche miteinander in der dargestellten Weise durch einen einfachen Lenkerarm 10 und einen Doppelarm 31 verbunden sind. Daß bei einer derartigen Konstruktion die Verbindungslinie der Enden von Sekundärarmen und Sekundärlenkern ihre Richtung nie ändert, ist an sich bekannt und aus Fig. 3 im übrigen zu ersehen.In order to keep the spatial orientation of a part articulated at the end of the secondary arms 12 constant, a primary link 11 and two secondary links 13 are provided which are connected to one another in the manner shown by a simple link arm 10 and a double arm 31. That the connection line of the ends of secondary arms and secondary links never changes direction in such a construction is known per se and can be seen from FIG. 3 for the rest.

Als bei der Verschwenkung des Auslegers 20 richtungsinvariant bleibender Teil ist gemäß Fig. 4 links und rechts am Ausleger 20 je ein Schild 19 vorgesehen. An diesem sind die Strahlereinheiten 3 und 3' einerseits unmittelbar mittels der Achse 26, andererseits mittelbar über die Hydraulikeinheiten 18 und 18' angelenkt. Alternativ wäre es möglich, nur eine der Strahlereinheiten selbst am Ausleger 20 zu befestigen, diese jedoch aus zwei gelenkig miteinander verbundenen Strahlerkästen aufzubauen, deren gegenseitige Winkelstellung durch eine Hydraulikeinheit veränderlich ist.As a part which remains invariant in the direction when the boom 20 is pivoted, a shield 19 is provided on the left and right of the boom 20 as shown in FIG. 4. On this the radiator units 3 and 3 'are articulated on the one hand directly by means of the axis 26, and on the other hand indirectly via the hydraulic units 18 and 18'. Alternatively, it would be possible to attach only one of the radiator units themselves to the boom 20, but to build them up from two pivotally connected radiator boxes, the mutual angular position of which can be changed by a hydraulic unit.

Claims (4)

  1. A railway vehicle for controlling the growth of unwanted vegetation on railway sections in the track region and the region to the side thereof, especially the edge region, having at least one radiator unit for producing electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, which is disposed beneath the railway vehicle and displaceably mounted at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle,
    characterised by at least one further radiator unit (3, 3'), which is hinged to an extension bracket (20) disposed on the upper side of the railway vehicle (1) and is borne exclusively by the extension bracket (20) and can be brought by said extension bracket over the upper side of the railway vehicle (1).
  2. A railway vehicle according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that each radiator unit (3, 3') is connected to the extension bracket (20) via two pivotal points.
  3. A railway vehicle according to Claim 2,
    characterised in that the radiator units (3, 3') are disposed at a part of the extension bracket (20) which does not change its orientation with the movement of the extension bracket (20).
  4. A railway vehicle according to Claim 3,
    characterised in that the two-armed extension bracket (20) constructed as a parallelogram guide bracket bears a directionally stable shield (19) at its free end, to which the radiator units (3, 3') are hinged.
EP91115688A 1990-10-15 1991-09-16 Railway vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0481223B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9014294U DE9014294U1 (en) 1990-10-15 1990-10-15 Rail vehicle
DE9014294U 1990-10-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0481223A1 EP0481223A1 (en) 1992-04-22
EP0481223B1 true EP0481223B1 (en) 1994-12-07

Family

ID=6858397

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EP91115688A Expired - Lifetime EP0481223B1 (en) 1990-10-15 1991-09-16 Railway vehicle

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EP (1) EP0481223B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE115217T1 (en)
DE (2) DE9014294U1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9112971U1 (en) * 1991-10-18 1992-06-17 Huber, Kurt, 7982 Baindt Thermal weed removal device
DE9206334U1 (en) * 1992-05-12 1992-07-30 Hermann Wiebe Grundstücks- und Maschinenanlagen KG, 27313 Dörverden Rail-bound carrier vehicle
DE9206335U1 (en) * 1992-05-12 1992-07-23 Hermann Wiebe Grundstücks- und Maschinenanlagen KG, 2800 Bremen Rail-bound carrier vehicle
DE9208971U1 (en) * 1992-07-04 1992-09-17 Hermann Wiebe Grundstücks- und Maschinenanlagen KG, 2800 Bremen Device for destroying unwanted plant growth

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2087121A5 (en) * 1970-05-05 1971-12-31 Landeghem Paul Van
CS149353B1 (en) * 1970-08-12 1973-07-05
DE8911198U1 (en) * 1989-09-20 1989-11-23 Hermann Wiebe Grundstücks- und Maschinenanlagen KG, 2800 Bremen Rail vehicle for combating unwanted plant growth on railways

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59103795D1 (en) 1995-01-19
DE9014294U1 (en) 1990-12-20
ATE115217T1 (en) 1994-12-15
EP0481223A1 (en) 1992-04-22

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