EP0480839B1 - Process for the manufacture of objects formed from paper pulp and device for carrying out the process - Google Patents
Process for the manufacture of objects formed from paper pulp and device for carrying out the process Download PDFInfo
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- EP0480839B1 EP0480839B1 EP91402713A EP91402713A EP0480839B1 EP 0480839 B1 EP0480839 B1 EP 0480839B1 EP 91402713 A EP91402713 A EP 91402713A EP 91402713 A EP91402713 A EP 91402713A EP 0480839 B1 EP0480839 B1 EP 0480839B1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
- D21J7/00—Manufacture of hollow articles from fibre suspensions or papier-mâché by deposition of fibres in or on a wire-net mould
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- the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing shaped parts, from paper pulp, and in particular from paper pulp of the quality commonly called "noble pulp” in this industry, the material of these molded parts having substantially the same rigidity. than some cartons.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing this method.
- This process makes it possible in particular to manufacture toys, sculptures, decorations of objects, displays and / or packaging for cosmetic products, perfumes, drugs, food products, as well as parts which can be used in jewelry, hygiene or the arts in the form of packaging, boxes or advertising media.
- patent US-1 697 244 which is relatively old, relates to a machine for the forming of paper pulp comprising a wheel rotating around a horizontal axis and supporting at its periphery mold holders. At the bottom of this wheel is a container filled with paper pulp.
- This machine comprises means for maintaining a suction on the molds.
- a constant and uniform pressure is maintained on the layer of paper pulp placed in the mold, during the deposition of the paper pulp and the drying thereof.
- the drying is carried out by the aspiration of hot air through the paper pulp and the mold, during the passage of the latter in the drying chamber.
- Means are provided for supplying pressurized air to the interior of the mold so as to eject the article when dry.
- Each of the two tools necessary for the implementation of the drying step of the process currently used is of a complex embodiment and must have a shape corresponding to the part to be dried, which entails considerable cost and time for the manufacture of these devices.
- the mold is, in general, constituted by an imprint, made of a metal grid shaped to the desired part and an element of similar shape but made in particular of a solid metal pierced with holes.
- This process includes a shaping step, in which paper pulp is applied in a mold to the shape of the part and porous to gases and a drying step, in which heat is brought to the previously shaped part. in the mold, by maintaining a depression on the outside of the mold relative to the inside of the mold, the mold being, during the two stages, fixed and substantially horizontal, the interior part of the mold being directed upwards.
- the mold is moved between the shaping step and the drying step.
- a vacuum is applied to the outside of the mold, which causes the deposition of fibers on the perforated walls of the mold.
- the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks, and to provide various advantages including notably to significantly simplify the processing device, to provide a mold that can be executed quickly, generally within 24 hours, to allow the production of pieces of any dimensions and may have undercuts and allow an economical and easy implementation of the drying step, through the use of means in common with those used to shape the parts.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing parts from paper pulp, according to which the only one is also fixed from the shaping step to the drying step and during the shaping step, an overpressure on the outside of the mold is maintained at room temperature relative to the inside of the mold.
- the intensity of the overpressure maintained during the shaping step is chosen so as to obtain a substantially homogeneous and uniform layer of paper pulp inside the mold.
- heat is added to the room, by infrared radiation.
- the radiation produces a temperature between 100 ° C and 290 ° C.
- heat is added to the room by heating gases which are drawn through the room due to the vacuum.
- the hot gases sucked in during the drying step are at a temperature between 100 ° C and 290 ° C.
- the shaped part While the shaped part is still in the mold, it is dried either by radiation and gas suction, or by suction of gas previously heated through the mold and the support, so that all the stages of the manufacturing process is done until the molded and dried part is removed from the mold, using the same tool for molding, or shaping, and drying.
- the piece of paper pulp is demolded by injection of compressed air through the mold, after drying.
- said parts can, in particular when they are large, be removed from the mold by means of a suction suction device, which allows possibly use the same suction source as for the other process steps.
- the manufacturing process includes an optional additional step of coloring the molded part by depositing pigments on the surface of the part or by adding pigments in the pulp. In the latter case, parts dyed in the mass are thus obtained.
- the molded parts can be metallized.
- the parts manufacturing process includes an optional step of waterproofing by a treatment of resins.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing the method which has just been described.
- This device comprises a substantially horizontal porous mold, the internal part of the mold being directed upwards, means for applying the paper pulp into the mold, means for drying the part previously formed in the mold and means for maintaining a vacuum. on the outside of the mold relative to the inside of the mold when the drying means are actuated.
- the mold is fixed and made of a non-hydrophilic porous material
- the device comprising means for maintaining an overpressure on the outside of the mold relative to the inside of the mold when the means for applying the paste are operated.
- the material resists thermal shock due to the passage of steam when the drying is obtained by suction of hot gases so that the lifetime of the mold is relatively long.
- This material can be composite.
- Figures 1 and 2 show, a piece respectively during the shaping step and in the still wet state, then during the suction drying step.
- the device according to the invention for manufacturing parts from paper pulp essentially comprises a mold 1, placed on a fixed support 2.
- the mold is arranged substantially horizontally, the inner part 3 of the mold being directed upwards. It is made of a porous gas material.
- This overpressure makes it possible to prevent the paper pulp from depositing at the bottom of the mold, due to the gravity, and to maintain a uniform and homogeneous layer of paper pulp on the inner part 3 of the mold.
- a depression is established on the outside 5 of the mold 1 relative to the inside 3 of the mold and heat is applied to the part previously formed in the mold.
- This depression can for example be obtained by means of a vacuum pump and a conduit opening at the rear of the mold 1.
- This heat can be brought to the room by infrared radiation.
- This radiation is produced by an appropriate device which is not shown in the figures. This device produces in particular a temperature between 100 ° and 290 ° C.
- the radiation value can be appropriately determined so that the part is heated without the mold being heated. This effectively protects the mold from thermal shock.
- This suction 6 of hot gases can for example be obtained by means of a heating device placed above the mold and heating gases which are sucked in due to the vacuum. This device is not shown in FIG. 2.
- the gases used are preferably made up of ambient air.
- the heating device heats the air to a temperature preferably between 100 ° C and 290 ° C, and the hot air 6 is set in motion through the mold 1 and the part 4, shaped in the mold, by said pump mounted at the end of said suction duct, which dries the shaped part 1 which is still in the impression.
- the paper pulp Due to the vacuum, the paper pulp is fixed in the mold. Indeed, the mold, although not hermetic to the pressure, is impermeable to the paper pulp which cannot therefore be carried further by the depression , and this paste takes the form imposed by the mold, while being dried due to the temperature of the radiation or the air sucked.
- the mold 1 is preferably made of a non-hydrophilic material.
- the mold 1 can in particular be made of a composite material to be quickly produced.
- the process can include an additional step depending on the function assigned to the part, here are some specific examples.
- the part is colored in an additional step by all types of pigment deposit on the surfaces of said part.
- the parts obtained have been dyed in the mass by the addition of pigments in the paper pulp, prior to the various stages of the process which have just been described.
- the parts can be metallized.
- the color of the molded part can be obtained by spray painting.
- the process for manufacturing molded parts can include an additional lacquering step with or without baking, which makes it possible to adjust the quality of the surface to the function of the part and to render, in addition, the piece is completely waterproof.
- the device is very simple compared to known devices.
- the mold can be changed very quickly, which is advantageous in the technical field targeted by the invention, when the series are small quantities.
- the mold being arranged so that its lower part is directed upwards, the intensity of the gas suction established during the drying stage is much lower than that which is necessary in the systems with rotating wheel which do not use not gravity.
- the paper pulp penetrates much less into the internal surface of the mold and it is possible to produce parts having undercuts.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de pièces conformées , à partir de pâte à papier , et en particulier de pâte à papier de la qualité communément appelée " pâte noble" dans cette industrie, la matière de ces pièces moulées présentant sensiblement la même rigidité que certains cartons.The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing shaped parts, from paper pulp, and in particular from paper pulp of the quality commonly called "noble pulp" in this industry, the material of these molded parts having substantially the same rigidity. than some cartons.
L'invention est également relative à un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.The invention also relates to a device for implementing this method.
Ce procédé permet de fabriquer notamment des jouets, des sculptures, des décorations d'objets, des présentoirs et/ou emballages pour produits cosmétiques , parfums, médicaments , produits agro-alimentaires, ainsi que des pièces pouvant être utilisées dans la joaillerie, l'hygiène ou les arts sous forme d'emballages,de coffrets ou encore de supports publicitaires.This process makes it possible in particular to manufacture toys, sculptures, decorations of objects, displays and / or packaging for cosmetic products, perfumes, drugs, food products, as well as parts which can be used in jewelry, hygiene or the arts in the form of packaging, boxes or advertising media.
On connaît différents dispositifs pour la fabrication d'articles en pâte à papier.Various devices are known for the production of paper pulp articles.
En particulier, le brevet US-1 697 244 qui est relativement ancien, concerne une machine pour le formage de pâte à papier comprenant une roue tournant autour d'un axe horizontal et supportant à sa périphérie des porte-moules. A la partie inférieure de cette roue, est prévu un récipient rempli de pâte à papier. Cette machine comprend des moyens pour maintenir une aspiration sur les moules. Ainsi, une pression constante et uniforme est maintenue sur la couche de pâte à papier placée dans le moule, durant le dépôt de la pâte à papier et le séchage de celle-ci. Le séchage s'effectue grâce à l'aspiration d'air chaud à travers la pâte à papier et le moule , durant le passage de celui-ci dans la chambre de séchage. Des moyens sont prévus pour fournir de l'air sous pression vers l'intérieur du moule de façon à éjecter l'article une fois sec.In particular, patent US-1 697 244 which is relatively old, relates to a machine for the forming of paper pulp comprising a wheel rotating around a horizontal axis and supporting at its periphery mold holders. At the bottom of this wheel is a container filled with paper pulp. This machine comprises means for maintaining a suction on the molds. Thus, a constant and uniform pressure is maintained on the layer of paper pulp placed in the mold, during the deposition of the paper pulp and the drying thereof. The drying is carried out by the aspiration of hot air through the paper pulp and the mold, during the passage of the latter in the drying chamber. Means are provided for supplying pressurized air to the interior of the mold so as to eject the article when dry.
Les brevets GB-1 137 761 et FR-1 399 753 sont plus récents mais décrivent des machines pour la fabrication d'articles creux en pâte à papier comprenant des moyens similaires et en particulier une roue porte-moules.The patents GB-1,137,761 and FR-1,399,753 are more recent but describe machines for the manufacture of hollow articles of paper pulp comprising similar means and in particular a mold carrier wheel.
On constate que, du fait de leur rotation, ces machines sont complexes, en particulier en ce qui concerne les systèmes d'alimentation, en air comprimé par exemple. De plus, le changement des moules sur la roue est une opération relativement longue.It can be seen that, due to their rotation, these machines are complex, in particular as regards the supply systems, for example with compressed air. In addition, changing the molds on the wheel is a relatively long operation.
Ces machines présentent des dimensions importantes ,du fait que les moules doivent être fixés sur une roue.Ainsi,la taille des pièces moulées par ces machines est limitée.Il n'est , en particulier, pas envisageable de réaliser des pièces d'une largeur de 2 ou 3 mètres.These machines have large dimensions, because the molds must be fixed on a wheel. Thus, the size of the parts molded by these machines is limited. It is, in particular, not possible to produce parts of a
Ces machines sont destinées à permettre des cadences de production relativement importantes et elles sont utilisées par exemple pour réaliser des conditionnements et emballages de produits agroalimentaires tels que des boîtes à oeufs. Les procédés connus de fabrication de pièces en cellulose réalisées à partir de pâte à papier , mis en oeuvre notamment par l'utilisation des machines qui viennent d'être décrites, consistent donc à :
- 1°) appliquer de la pâte à papier dans une empreinte à la forme de la pièce et ménagée dans un support,par aspiration au travers de l'empreinte précitée de ce support, de sorte que la pâte à papier soit mise en forme sur l'empreinte, et
- 2°) sécher la pâte préalablement déposée.
- 1 °) apply paper pulp in an imprint to the shape of the part and formed in a support, by suction through the aforementioned imprint of this support, so that the paper pulp is shaped on the 'imprint, and
- 2) dry the previously deposited dough.
Ces procédés connus nécessitent l'utilisation d'au moins trois outillages distincts complémentaires et comprenent les étapes successives suivantes :
- 1°) Mise en place d'une grille métallique à la forme de la pièce désirée , et définissant l'empreinte , qui est supportée dans une forme analogue en métal plein ou en un autre matériau résistant,destinée à éviter la déformation de la grille ou empreinte, relativement flexible.
Cette forme en métal est percée d'une multitude de trous pour permettre l'aspiration au travers de cette grille qui la coiffe. - 2°) Aspiration de la pâte au travers de la grille et de la forme en métal ou autre matériau résistant.
- 3°) Séchage de la pièce moulée par passage dans un four tunnel , dans lequel la pièce est entraînée par une bande transporteuse qui traverse le tunnel, le séchage de la pièce étant assuré par soufflage de jets d'air chaud le long de sa trajectoire dans le four tunnel, l'air chaud étant à une température suffisante pour la transformation du liquide rémanant en vapeur évacuée par un système de ventilation.
- 1 °) Installation of a metal grid in the shape of the desired part, and defining the imprint, which is supported in an analogous form in solid metal or in another resistant material, intended to avoid deformation of the grid or footprint, relatively flexible.
This metal shape is pierced with a multitude of holes to allow suction through this grid which covers it. - 2) Suction of the dough through the grid and the metal or other resistant material form.
- 3 °) Drying of the molded part by passage in a tunnel oven, in which the part is driven by a conveyor belt which crosses the tunnel, the drying of the part being ensured by blowing jets of hot air along its trajectory in the tunnel oven, the hot air being at a temperature sufficient for the transformation of the residual liquid into vapor evacuated by a ventilation system.
Dans un autre mode d'exécution de l'étape de séchage, la pièce est séchée au moyen de deux outillages complémentaires :
- un premier outillage en métal présentant une empreinte négative de la pièce , et renfermant un ensemble de résistances électriques permettant l'élévation en température de l'outillage à une température comprise entre 260°C et 290°C, l'outillage et l'empreinte étant percés d'une multitude de trous pour laisser s'évacuer la vapeur ,
- un deuxième outillage, similaire au premier en ce qu'il présente une empreinte de la pièce renfermant un ensemble de résistances électriques et chauffantes et est percé d'une multitude de trous , mais tel que son empreinte soit de forme positive, et complémentaire de la forme négative de l'empreinte du premier outillage .
- a first metal tool having a negative imprint of the part, and containing a set of electrical resistances allowing the temperature rise of the tool to a temperature between 260 ° C and 290 ° C, the tool and the imprint being drilled with a multitude of holes to let the steam escape,
- a second tool, similar to the first in that it has an imprint of the part containing a set of electrical and heating resistors and is pierced with a multitude of holes, but such that its imprint is of positive shape, and complementary to the negative form of the imprint of the first tool.
Chacun des deux outillages nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre de l'étape de séchage du procédé utilisé actuellement, est d'une réalisation complexe et doit présenter une forme correspondant à la pièce à sécher, ce qui entraîne un coût et un temps considérables pour la fabrication de ces dispositifs .Each of the two tools necessary for the implementation of the drying step of the process currently used, is of a complex embodiment and must have a shape corresponding to the part to be dried, which entails considerable cost and time for the manufacture of these devices.
Ces procédés nécessitent donc l'utilisation de plusieurs outillages , plusieurs semaines à plusieurs mois pouvant être nécessaires à la confection de ces outillages, suivant la difficulté résultant des problèmes d'adaptation à la forme de la pièce à sécher.These methods therefore require the use of several tools, several weeks to several months which may be necessary for making these tools, depending on the difficulty resulting from problems of adaptation to the shape of the part to be dried.
Par ailleurs,ces procédés sont d'une mise en oeuvre coûteuse , à cause de leur grande consommation d'énergie pour le chauffage des outillages ou du four tunnel.Furthermore, these methods are costly to implement, because of their high energy consumption for heating the tools or the tunnel oven.
De plus, ce dernier est encombrant et son entretien et sa maintenance compliquent les opérations de production.In addition, the latter is bulky and its upkeep and maintenance complicate production operations.
Quant aux outillages spéciaux de séchage décrits précédemment , ils sont d'un coût très élevé à la fabrication et ne sont adaptés qu'à une seule dimension et forme de pièce. Il faut donc réaliser de nouveaux outillages,avec toutes les complications de production qui en résultent , pour chaque pièce différente.As for the special drying tools described above, they are very expensive to manufacture and are only suitable for one size and shape of part. It is therefore necessary to produce new tools, with all the resulting production complications, for each different part.
Comme cela a été indiqué précédemment, le moule est, en général, constitué par une empreinte, réalisée en une grille métallique mise à la forme de la pièce désirée et un élément de forme analogue mais réalisé notamment en un métal plein percé de trous.As indicated above, the mold is, in general, constituted by an imprint, made of a metal grid shaped to the desired part and an element of similar shape but made in particular of a solid metal pierced with holes.
On comprend que, dans les machines connues, une aspiration importante doit être appliquée sur le moule lorsque celui-ci est rempli de pâte à papier. En effet, le moule est entraîné en rotation par la roue et la pâte à papier n'est maintenue dans le moule que par l'aspiration appliquée.It is understood that, in known machines, a large suction must be applied to the mold when the latter is filled with paper pulp. In fact, the mold is rotated by the wheel and the paper pulp is only held in the mold by the suction applied.
On constate que, du fait de l'aspiration, la pâte à papier pénètre dans les trous de la grille. Ceci oblige à réaliser uniquement des pièces ne présentant pas de contre-dépouille . En effet, une pièce présentant une contre-dépouille ne pourrait être démoulée.It can be seen that, due to the suction, the paper pulp enters the holes in the grid. This means that only parts having no undercut must be produced. Indeed, a part with an undercut could not be removed from the mold.
Cette contrainte entraîne des inconvénients notables car elle complique la réalisation des moules. De plus , la présence de contre-dépouilles peut être intéressante pour accroître l'impression de volume des pièces obtenues, notamment dans le cas de réalisation de présentoirs pour produits cosmétiques. Elle peut également être tout à fait indispensable si l'on souhaite réaliser des sculptures par exemple.This constraint involves significant drawbacks because it complicates the production of molds. In addition, the presence of undercuts can be advantageous in order to increase the impression of volume of the parts obtained, in particular in the case of the production of displays for cosmetic products. It can also be absolutely essential if you want to make sculptures for example.
On peut également citer le document FR-A-760 653 qui concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour la fabrication de pièces à partir de pâte à papier. Ce procédé comporte une étape de mise en forme, dans laquelle on applique de la pâte à papier dans un moule à la forme de la pièce et poreux aux gaz et une étape de séchage, dans laquelle on apporte de la chaleur à la pièce préalablement conformée dans le moule, en maintenant une dépression du côté extérieur du moule par rapport à l'intérieur du moule, le moule étant, pendant les deux étapes fixe et sensiblement horizontal, la partie intérieure du moule étant dirigée vers le haut.One can also cite the document FR-A-760 653 which relates to a process and a device for the production of parts from paper pulp. This process includes a shaping step, in which paper pulp is applied in a mold to the shape of the part and porous to gases and a drying step, in which heat is brought to the previously shaped part. in the mold, by maintaining a depression on the outside of the mold relative to the inside of the mold, the mold being, during the two stages, fixed and substantially horizontal, the interior part of the mold being directed upwards.
Cependant, le moule est déplacé entre l'étape de mise en forme et l'étape de séchage. De plus, lors de l'étape de mise en forme, on applique une dépression du côté extérieur du moule, ce qui entraîne le dépôt de fibres sur les parois perforées du moule.However, the mold is moved between the shaping step and the drying step. In addition, during the shaping step, a vacuum is applied to the outside of the mold, which causes the deposition of fibers on the perforated walls of the mold.
La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients , et à apporter divers avantages consistant notamment à simplifier de façon notable le dispositif de mise en oeuvre, à proposer un moule pouvant être exécuté rapidement, généralement sous 24 heures, à permettre la réalisation de pièces de dimensions quelconques et pouvant présenter des contre-dépouilles et à permettre une mise en oeuvre économique et aisée de l'étape de séchage, grâce à l'utilisation de moyens en commun avec ceux utilisés pour conformer les pièces.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks, and to provide various advantages including notably to significantly simplify the processing device, to provide a mold that can be executed quickly, generally within 24 hours, to allow the production of pieces of any dimensions and may have undercuts and allow an economical and easy implementation of the drying step, through the use of means in common with those used to shape the parts.
A cet effet, l'invention est relative à un procédé de fabrication de pièces à partir de pâte à papier, selon lequel le seule est également fixe de l'étape de mise en forme à l'étape de séchage et pendant l'étape de mise en forme, on maintient à température ambiante , une surpression du côté extérieur du moule par rapport à l'intérieur du moule.To this end, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing parts from paper pulp, according to which the only one is also fixed from the shaping step to the drying step and during the shaping step, an overpressure on the outside of the mold is maintained at room temperature relative to the inside of the mold.
De façon avantageuse, l'intensité de la surpression maintenue pendant l'étape de mise en forme est choisie de façon à obtenir une couche sensiblement homogène et uniforme de pâte à papier à l'intérieur du moule.Advantageously, the intensity of the overpressure maintained during the shaping step is chosen so as to obtain a substantially homogeneous and uniform layer of paper pulp inside the mold.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, pendant l'étape de séchage, on apporte de la chaleur à la pièce, par rayonnement infra-rouge.According to a first embodiment of the invention, during the drying step, heat is added to the room, by infrared radiation.
De préférence, le rayonnement produit une température comprise entre 100°C et 290°C.Preferably, the radiation produces a temperature between 100 ° C and 290 ° C.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, pendant l'étape de séchage, on apporte de la chaleur à la pièce en chauffant des gaz qui sont aspirés au travers de la pièce du fait de la dépression.According to a second embodiment of the invention, during the drying step, heat is added to the room by heating gases which are drawn through the room due to the vacuum.
Afin que le séchage de la pièce soit le plus court et le plus complet possible, les gaz chauds aspirés pendant l'étape de séchage sont à une température comprise entre 100°C et 290°C.In order for the drying of the part to be as short and as complete as possible, the hot gases sucked in during the drying step are at a temperature between 100 ° C and 290 ° C.
Alors que la pièce conformée se trouve encore dans le moule, elle est séchée soit par rayonnement et aspiration de gaz,soit par aspiration de gaz préalablement chauffés au travers du moule et du support, de sorte que l'ensemble des étapes du procédé de fabrication se fait jusqu'au démoulage de la pièce moulée et séchée , à l'aide du même outillage pour le moulage, ou conformation, et le séchage.While the shaped part is still in the mold, it is dried either by radiation and gas suction, or by suction of gas previously heated through the mold and the support, so that all the stages of the manufacturing process is done until the molded and dried part is removed from the mold, using the same tool for molding, or shaping, and drying.
Dans le but de limiter les manipulations et de s'adapter à toutes les formes de pièces , la pièce en pâte à papier est démoulée par injection d'air comprimé à travers le moule,après le séchage.In order to limit handling and adapt to all shapes of parts, the piece of paper pulp is demolded by injection of compressed air through the mold, after drying.
En variante, et afin de réaliser des économies de coût, de maintenance et de manipulation pour les pièces , lesdites pièces peuvent, notamment lorsqu'elles sont de grandes dimensions être démoulées au moyen d'un dispositif d'aspiration à ventouse , ce qui permet éventuellement d'utiliser la même source d'aspiration que pour les autres étapes du procédé.Alternatively, and in order to achieve cost savings, maintenance and handling for the parts, said parts can, in particular when they are large, be removed from the mold by means of a suction suction device, which allows possibly use the same suction source as for the other process steps.
Afin d'augmenter la beauté de la pièce et de lui donner un meilleur pouvoir de communication, le procédé de fabrication comporte une étape optionnelle supplémentaire de coloration de la pièce moulée par dépôt de pigments sur la surface de la pièce ou par adjonction de pigments dans la pâte à papier. Dans ce dernier cas, on obtient ainsi des pièces teintées dans la masse.In order to increase the beauty of the part and to give it a better power of communication, the manufacturing process includes an optional additional step of coloring the molded part by depositing pigments on the surface of the part or by adding pigments in the pulp. In the latter case, parts dyed in the mass are thus obtained.
En vue d'augmenter la rigidité et l'esthétique, les pièces moulées peuvent être métallisées.In order to increase rigidity and aesthetics, the molded parts can be metallized.
Afin que les pièces placées à l'extérieur ou stockées dans des endroits humides ou non protégés résistent aux intempéries ,le procédé de fabrication des pièces comporte une étape optionnelle d'imperméabilisation par un traitement de résines.So that the parts placed outside or stored in damp or unprotected places resist weathering, the parts manufacturing process includes an optional step of waterproofing by a treatment of resins.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé qui vient d'être décrit.The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method which has just been described.
Ce dispositif comprend un moule poreux sensiblement horizontal, la partie intérieure du moule étant dirigée vers le haut, des moyens pour appliquer la pâte à papier dans le moule, des moyens pour sécher la pièce préalablement conformée dans le moule et des moyens pour maintenir une dépression du côté extérieur du moule par rapport à l'intérieur du moule quand les moyens de séchage sont actionnés.This device comprises a substantially horizontal porous mold, the internal part of the mold being directed upwards, means for applying the paper pulp into the mold, means for drying the part previously formed in the mold and means for maintaining a vacuum. on the outside of the mold relative to the inside of the mold when the drying means are actuated.
Selon l'invention, le moule est fixe et réalisé dans un matériau poreux non hydrophile, le dispositif comportant des moyens pour maintenir une surpression du côté extérieur du moule par rapport à l'intérieur du moule quand les moyens d'application de la pâte sont actionnés.According to the invention, the mold is fixed and made of a non-hydrophilic porous material, the device comprising means for maintaining an overpressure on the outside of the mold relative to the inside of the mold when the means for applying the paste are operated.
De façon préférée, le matériau résiste aux chocs thermiques dûs aux passages de vapeur lorsque le séchage est obtenu par aspiration de gaz chauds de façon à ce que la durée de vie du moule soit relativement longue. Dans le même but, on choisit de préférence un matériau qui ne s'oxyde pas.Preferably, the material resists thermal shock due to the passage of steam when the drying is obtained by suction of hot gases so that the lifetime of the mold is relatively long. For the same purpose, it is preferable to choose a material which does not oxidize.
Ce matériau peut être composite.This material can be composite.
Divers détails et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront clairement à la lecture de la description qui va suivre , donnée à titre non limitatif , en se référant aux dessins annexés , dans lesquels :
Les figures 1 et 2 représentent , une pièce respectivement pendant l'étape de mise en forme et à l'état encore humide , puis pendant l'étape de séchage par aspiration.Various details and advantages of the invention will appear clearly on reading the description which follows, given without limitation, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
Figures 1 and 2 show, a piece respectively during the shaping step and in the still wet state, then during the suction drying step.
En référence à la figure 1, le dispositif selon l'invention permettant la fabrication de pièces à partir de pâte à papier , comprend essentiellement un moule 1, placé sur un support 2 fixe . Le moule est disposé de façon sensiblement horizontale, la partie intérieure 3 , du moule étant dirigée vers le haut. Il est réalisé dans un matériau poreux aux gaz.Referring to Figure 1, the device according to the invention for manufacturing parts from paper pulp, essentially comprises a mold 1, placed on a fixed
La pièce 4 est mise en forme de la manière suivante :
- on verse , manuellement ou par des moyens automatiques , une quantité appropriée de pâte à papier dans le moule 1,
- et on maintient, à température ambiante, pendant toute l'étape de mise en forme, une surpression, du côté extérieur 5 du moule 1 par rapport à l'intérieur 3 du moule.
- a suitable quantity of paper pulp is poured manually or by automatic means into the mold 1,
- and an overpressure is maintained at room temperature, throughout the shaping step, on the
outside side 5 of the mold 1 relative to theinside 3 of the mold.
Cette surpression dont l'intensité est judicieusement choisie, permet d'éviter que la pâte à papier ne se dépose au fond du moule, du fait de la gravité et de maintenir une couche uniforme et homogène de pâte à papier sur la partie intérieure 3 du moule.This overpressure, the intensity of which is judiciously chosen, makes it possible to prevent the paper pulp from depositing at the bottom of the mold, due to the gravity, and to maintain a uniform and homogeneous layer of paper pulp on the
Pendant l'étape de séchage, on établit une dépression du côté extérieur 5 du moule 1 par rapport à l'intérieur 3 du moule et l'on apporte de la chaleur à la pièce préalablement conformée dans le moule.Cette dépression peut par exemple être obtenue au moyen d'une pompe à vide et d'un conduit débouchant à l'arrière du moule 1. Ces dispositifs ne sont pas illustrés sur les figures.During the drying step, a depression is established on the
Cette chaleur peut être apportée à la pièce par rayonnement infra-rouge. Ce rayonnement est produit par un dispositif approprié qui n'est pas représenté sur les figures. Ce dispositif produit notamment une température comprise entre 100° et 290°C.This heat can be brought to the room by infrared radiation. This radiation is produced by an appropriate device which is not shown in the figures. This device produces in particular a temperature between 100 ° and 290 ° C.
On peut déterminer de façon appropriée la valeur du rayonnement pour que la pièce soit chauffée sans que le moule ne le soit. Ceci permet de protéger efficacement le moule des chocs thermiques.The radiation value can be appropriately determined so that the part is heated without the mold being heated. This effectively protects the mold from thermal shock.
On peut également choisir de sécher la pièce 4 dans le moule 1 en aspirant des gaz chauds 6 à travers la pièce et le moule, le flux de gaz étant dirigé du haut vers le bas du moule, comme illustré par la figure 2.One can also choose to dry the part 4 in the mold 1 by sucking
Cette aspiration 6 de gaz chauds peut par exemple être obtenue au moyen d'un dispositif de chauffage placé au-dessus du moule et chauffant des gaz qui sont aspirés du fait de la dépression. Ce dispositif n'est pas représenté sur la figure 2. Les gaz utilisés sont, de préférence,constitués par de l'air ambiant.This
Ainsi, le dispositif de chauffage chauffe l'air jusqu'à une température comprise de préférence entre 100°C et 290°C , et l'air chaud 6 est mis en mouvement au travers du moule 1 et de la pièce 4, conformée dans le moule, par ladite pompe montée à l'extrémité dudit conduit d'aspiration, ce qui sèche la pièce 1 conformée qui est encore dans l'empreinte.Thus, the heating device heats the air to a temperature preferably between 100 ° C and 290 ° C, and the
Du fait de la dépression,la pâte à papier vient se fixer dans le moule.En effet,le moule,bien que non hermétique à la pression,est étanche à la pâte à papier qui ne peut donc pas être entraînée plus loin par la dépression ,et cette pâte prend la forme imposée par le moule, tout en étant séchée du fait de la température du rayonnement ou de l'air aspiré.Due to the vacuum, the paper pulp is fixed in the mold. Indeed, the mold, although not hermetic to the pressure, is impermeable to the paper pulp which cannot therefore be carried further by the depression , and this paste takes the form imposed by the mold, while being dried due to the temperature of the radiation or the air sucked.
Puis la pièce 1 est démoulée suivant deux variantes de réalisation possibles :
- soit par une distribution d'air comprimé, produite par une source d'air comprimé disponible dans l'atelier , cet air comprimé circulant de la même manière que l'air aspiré par la pompe, mais en sens opposé , et expulsant la pièce 4 du moule 1.
- soit un dispositif d'aspiration par ventouse qui est placé sur au moins une surface extérieure de la pièce, et par déplacement de la ou des ventouses sur la pièce 4.
- either by a compressed air distribution, produced by a source of compressed air available in the workshop, this compressed air circulating in the same way as the air sucked by the pump, but in the opposite direction, and expelling the part 4 mold 1.
- either a suction device by suction cup which is placed on at least one external surface of the part, and by displacement of the suction cup (s) on the part 4.
Le moule 1 est réalisé de préférence en un matériau non hydrophile.The mold 1 is preferably made of a non-hydrophilic material.
Il est soumis à des chocs thermiques importants lorsque le séchage est assuré par aspiration de gaz chauds et, pour accroître sa durée de vie , il est préférable de le réaliser en un matériau résistant aux chocs thermiques. Dans le même but, ce matériau ne s'oxyde pas. De préférence,le moule 1 peut notamment être constitué en un matériau composite pour être rapidement réalisé.It is subjected to significant thermal shock when drying is ensured by suction of hot gases and, to increase its service life, it is preferable to make it from a material resistant to thermal shock. For the same purpose, this material does not oxidize. Preferably, the mold 1 can in particular be made of a composite material to be quickly produced.
Le procédé peut comporter une étape supplémentaire selon la fonction assignée à la pièce dont voici certains exemples spécifiques.The process can include an additional step depending on the function assigned to the part, here are some specific examples.
D'une manière générale, afin de présenter différents aspects suivant les différentes faces de la pièce moulée, de manière à modifier le pouvoir de communication de la pièce utilisée , notamment comme présentoir , la pièce est colorée dans une étape supplémentaire par tous types de dépôt de pigments sur les surfaces de ladite pièce.In general, in order to present different aspects according to the different faces of the molded part, so as to modify the power of communication of the part used, in particular as a display, the part is colored in an additional step by all types of pigment deposit on the surfaces of said part.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les pièces obtenues ont été teintées dans la masse par une adjonction de pigments dans la pâte à papier,préalablement aux différentes étapes du procédé qui viennent d'être décrites.According to another embodiment, the parts obtained have been dyed in the mass by the addition of pigments in the paper pulp, prior to the various stages of the process which have just been described.
Selon un mode spécifique de réalisation, les pièces peuvent être métallisées.According to a specific embodiment, the parts can be metallized.
Afin de présenter un aspect raffiné nécessaire notamment pour les présentoirs,la teinte de la pièce moulée peut être obtenue par peinture au pistolet.In order to present a refined appearance necessary in particular for display stands, the color of the molded part can be obtained by spray painting.
Afin d'obtenir des états de surface différents , le procédé de fabrication des pièces moulées peut comporter une étape supplémentaire de laquage avec ou sans cuisson, ce qui permet d'ajuster la qualité de la surface à la fonction de la pièce et de rendre, de plus, la pièce totalement imperméable .In order to obtain different surface conditions, the process for manufacturing molded parts can include an additional lacquering step with or without baking, which makes it possible to adjust the quality of the surface to the function of the part and to render, in addition, the piece is completely waterproof.
Il apparaît clairement de la description qui précède que, du fait que le moule est fixe et horizontal,le moule et donc la pièce peuvent être de dimensions quelconques.It is clear from the above description that, because the mold is fixed and horizontal, the mold and therefore the part can be of any size.
De plus, le dispositif est très simple par rapport aux dispositifs connus.En particulier, le moule peut être changé très rapidement ce qui est intéressant dans le domaine technique visé par l'invention,lorsque les séries sont de petites quantités.In addition, the device is very simple compared to known devices. In particular, the mold can be changed very quickly, which is advantageous in the technical field targeted by the invention, when the series are small quantities.
Le moule étant disposé de sorte que sa partie inférieure soit dirigée vers le haut, l'intensité de l'aspiration de gaz établie pendant l'étape de séchage est très inférieure à celle qui est nécessaire dans les systèmes à roue tournante qui n'utilisent pas la gravité. Ainsi, la pâte à papier pénètre beaucoup moins dans la surface interne du moule et l'on peut réaliser des pièces présentant des contre-dépouilles.The mold being arranged so that its lower part is directed upwards, the intensity of the gas suction established during the drying stage is much lower than that which is necessary in the systems with rotating wheel which do not use not gravity. Thus, the paper pulp penetrates much less into the internal surface of the mold and it is possible to produce parts having undercuts.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec un procédé bien particulier, elle n'y est nullement limitée et on peut y apporter de nombreuses variantes , comme par exemple tous les procédés permettant une vaporisation de liquide rémanent , dans le moule de conformation sans sortir du cadre de l'invention telle que définie par les Revendications.Although the invention has been described in connection with a very specific process, it is in no way limited to it and many variations can be made to it, such as for example all the processes allowing vaporization of residual liquid, in the conformation mold. without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the Claims.
Les signes de référence insérés après les caractéristiques techniques mentionnées dans les revendications, ont pour seul but de faciliter la compréhension de ces dernières, et n'en limitent aucunement la portée.The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics mentioned in the claims, have the sole purpose of facilitating the understanding of the latter, and in no way limit their scope.
Claims (16)
- A process for the manufacture of objects formed from paper pulp, comprising :1) a shaping stage in which paper pulp is applied into a gas-porous mould shaped as the object and2) a drying stage, during which heat is brought to the object after prior shaping in the mould, while maintaining a low pressure on the outer side (5) of the mould with respect to the inner side (3) of the mould, whereby the mould, during both stages, remains fixed and more or less horizontal, whereas the inner section (3) of the mould is directed upwards, characterised in that, as the mould is also fixed from the shaping stage to the drying stage, a high pressure is maintained during the shaping stage, at room temperature, on the outer side (5) of the mould with respect to the inner side (3) of the mould (1).
- A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the intensity of the high pressure maintained during the shaping stage has been selected in order to obtain more or less a homogeneous and uniform paper pulp layer inside (3) the mould (1).
- A process according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterised in that during the drying stage, heat is applied to the object (4) by infrared beam.
- A process according to claim 3, characterised in that the beam generates a temperature comprised between 100°C and 290°C.
- A process according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterised in that, during the drying stage, heat is applied to the object (4) by heated gases sucked in through the object as a result of the low pressure.
- A process according to claim 5, characterised in that the said gases are formed by the ambient air.
- A process according to one of the claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the hot gases (6) sucked in during the drying stage exhibit a temperature comprised between 100°C and 290°C.
- A process for the manufacture of objects, according to any of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that after the drying stage, the object (4) is released from the mould (1) by injection of compressed air through the mould.
- A process for the manufacture of objects according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that after the drying stage, the object (4) is released from the mould (1) using a suction device.
- A process for the manufacture of objects according to any of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it comprises an additional colouring stage of the shaped object (4) by applying pigments onto the surface of the said object.
- A process for the manufacture of objects according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it contains an additional colouring stage of the mass of the object (4), by adding pigments to the paper pulp.
- A process for the manufacture of objects according to any of the claims 1 to 11, characterised in that it comprises an additional metal-plating stage of the surface of the shaped object (4).
- A process for the manufacture of objects according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterised in that it also contains a waterproofing stage of the objects (4) using a resin treatment.
- A device to carry out the process according to one of the claims 1 to 13, comprising a porous mould (1) which is more or less horizontal, whereas the inner section (3) of the mould (1) is directed upwards, means for the application of the paper pulp in the mould, means to dry the shaped object in the mould, and means to maintain a low pressure on the outer side (5) of the mould (1) with respect to the inner side (3) of the mould (1) when the drying means are operated, whereby the device is characterised in that the said mould (1) is fixed and made of non-absorbent porous material, whereas the device comprises means to maintain a high pressure on the outer side (5) of the mould (1) with respect to the inner side (3) of the mould (1) when the application means of the pulp are operated.
- A device according to claim 14, characterised in that the said material resists thermal loads and does not oxidise.
- A device according to one of the claims 14 or 15, characterised in that the said material is a compound one.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9012647A FR2667882B1 (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1990-10-12 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING CONFORMED PARTS FROM PAPER PULP AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME. |
FR9012647 | 1990-10-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0480839A1 EP0480839A1 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
EP0480839B1 true EP0480839B1 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
Family
ID=9401190
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91402713A Expired - Lifetime EP0480839B1 (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1991-10-10 | Process for the manufacture of objects formed from paper pulp and device for carrying out the process |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0480839B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04263700A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE128202T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69113203T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2080273T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2667882B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2711622B1 (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1996-01-12 | Anacellulose | Impact protection element, manufacturing process and device for implementing the process. |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB359950A (en) * | 1930-07-21 | 1931-10-21 | Flintkote Co | Improvements in and relating to moulded, waterproof fibrous products and process forthe manufacture of same |
FR760653A (en) * | 1932-09-10 | 1934-02-28 | Baumgartner | Method and device for the production of fibrous pulp bodies |
US2741165A (en) * | 1952-12-13 | 1956-04-10 | Western Pulp Products | Pulp molding machine |
DE1061670B (en) * | 1955-04-07 | 1959-07-16 | Hausser O & M | Process for the production of hollow bodies of figurative formation from malleable moisture-containing mass |
US3271239A (en) * | 1964-01-23 | 1966-09-06 | Beloit Corp | Process of forming a water-laid fibrous article containing a c2-c3 polyalkylene resin |
GB2074085A (en) * | 1980-03-19 | 1981-10-28 | Telford Safety Glove Co Ltd | Moulding fibrous gloves |
DK168020B1 (en) * | 1988-10-25 | 1994-01-17 | Hartmann As Brdr | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF FORM STABLE ARTICLES FROM A FLUIDIZED CELLULOSE FIBER MATERIAL |
-
1990
- 1990-10-12 FR FR9012647A patent/FR2667882B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-10-10 DE DE69113203T patent/DE69113203T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-10 EP EP91402713A patent/EP0480839B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-10 AT AT91402713T patent/ATE128202T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-10-10 ES ES91402713T patent/ES2080273T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-11 JP JP3263898A patent/JPH04263700A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69113203D1 (en) | 1995-10-26 |
JPH04263700A (en) | 1992-09-18 |
FR2667882A1 (en) | 1992-04-17 |
FR2667882B1 (en) | 1993-01-22 |
EP0480839A1 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
ES2080273T3 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
DE69113203T2 (en) | 1996-08-01 |
ATE128202T1 (en) | 1995-10-15 |
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