EP0473898B1 - Cross country ski, especially for the practice of alternative steps - Google Patents

Cross country ski, especially for the practice of alternative steps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0473898B1
EP0473898B1 EP91110816A EP91110816A EP0473898B1 EP 0473898 B1 EP0473898 B1 EP 0473898B1 EP 91110816 A EP91110816 A EP 91110816A EP 91110816 A EP91110816 A EP 91110816A EP 0473898 B1 EP0473898 B1 EP 0473898B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cross
fact
slit
country ski
ski according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP91110816A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0473898A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Bejean
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Salomon SAS
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Salomon SAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C7/00—Devices preventing skis from slipping back; Ski-stoppers or ski-brakes
    • A63C7/005—Devices preventing skis from slipping back, actuated by the boot
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/003—Structure, covering or decoration of the upper ski surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C7/00—Devices preventing skis from slipping back; Ski-stoppers or ski-brakes
    • A63C7/04—Fastening-devices for skins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cross-country skis, and more particularly to those used for the practice of conventional, so-called alternative, steps as opposed to skater's steps.
  • a cross-country ski generally comprises a central portion arched at rest with upwardly convexity, delimited by two lines of contact with the ground, respectively front and rear, and separating this central portion respectively from the tip and the heel of the ski .
  • the support area of the skier's foot is located in the middle position relative to this central part, at least approximately.
  • this support of the foot manifests itself between the sole of the ski and the ground, essentially at two points or very restricted zones, well located.
  • the skier's foot is supported at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint, which defines the position of the fulcrum on the ski or impulse fulcrum. It is at this point that the maximum pressure is exerted to put the ski flat by elasticity against the camber of the central part.
  • This distribution along the sole of the ski is of great importance since it conditions the effectiveness of the impulse transmitted by the metatarsophalangeal support in the impulse phase and the quality of the slip when the heel is pressed.
  • FIG. 1 For a conventional ski intended essentially for alternative pitch, it can be seen, as illustrated in FIG. 1, that this pressure distribution along the ski is not ideal.
  • This diagram represents the contact pressure on the ordinate, as a function of the position on the ski on the abscissa, between the tip S and the heel of the ski Ts, respectively in the impulse phase, in phantom, and in the sliding phase , in solid lines.
  • the impulse and heel support points are respectively referenced by Pi and T.
  • the present invention aims to eliminate this drawback or, at least, to reduce it significantly, by concentrating the pulse pressure on the area of the wax chamber 8.
  • Document DE-A-3 619 118 relates to an alpine ski comprising several layers including an upper beam and a lower beam, spaced from one another in the central region and joining at the ends so as to define a chamber in which elastic and damping elements are arranged.
  • Document WO-A-86/04824 also relates to an alpine ski formed by two superimposed parts which delimit an intermediate space, at least in the part of the bindings. The parts are kept at a distance from each other by spacer pieces. A torsion-resistant box is thus formed in the region where the parts are superimposed.
  • the invention it is proposed to overcome, or at least to considerably reduce the importance of the disadvantages mentioned above, to spare in the thickness of the ski, in the area of the central part corresponding at least approximately at the foot of the skier's foot, an empty part or transverse slit crossing the ski to define two upper and lower beams respectively.
  • the upper beam by bending, comes into contact with the lower beam which in turn bends to generate the contact pressure with the ground which allows the impulse.
  • a shoe 4 is very schematically figured, highlighting evidence of the points of application of the efforts of the heel support T and of the impulse or metatarsophalangeal support Pi.
  • a vacuum is formed, for example in the form of a slot 5 of small thickness. This slot 5 defines a sharing area by separating them, between two upper 6 and lower 7 beams respectively.
  • This longitudinal transversely traversing slot is located behind the so-called equilibrium point P1 of the ski, which corresponds to the location of the front end of the shoe 4. It also extends rearward to a point located near the point T where the bearing force of the heel of the shoe 4 is exerted in the sliding phase. preferably, the slot 5 is located in the thickness of the ski at the neutral fiber thereof.
  • the slot 5 performs two distinct functions.
  • the sliding phase when the heel T is pressed, it digs upwards the wax chamber 8, mentioned above in the introduction, by a phenomenon of shearing induced between the upper beam 6 and the lower beam 7.
  • the impulse phase (FIG. 5) it allows the flattening of the wax chamber 8 on optimally, that is to say with the maximum intensity. the ground by pressing during the pulse Pi of the upper beam 6 on the lower beam 7.
  • the pulse point Pi located in the area of the slot 5 will be located in front of the center of the latter and preferably two-thirds of the latter. Indeed, it is noted that if the point of impulse Pi is centered longitudinally with respect to the slot 5, one does not obtain an optimal distribution of the contact pressures between the sole of the ski and the ground during the effort of impulse. This is illustrated in the diagram of FIG. 6 in a representation similar to that of FIG. 1, where we note on either side of the zone of the pulse point Pi, where we have a peak d 'intensity, two pressure ranges of intensity still very important. The pressures exerted correspond to a load equivalent to the normal weight of a skier, that is to say approximately 60 to 85 kgs.
  • the diagram in FIG. 7 shows the distribution of the contact pressures when the pulse point Pi is located, as said above, at two thirds of the slot 5 in the direction of the tip S of the ski.
  • the length of the slot 5 can obviously be variable and is a function of the length of the ski and the size of the shoe 4 of the wearer. It is clear that the more the length of the slit 5 will increase, the more the wax chamber 8 will tend to widen, and therefore the more the contact pressure will increase in this zone during the impulse support Pi.
  • the length of the slot 5 can vary, for example between 150 and 300 mm depending on the bending stiffness of the upper beam 6. In a preferred area of 210 to 250 mm, only the pulse pressure Pi varies significantly and increases, the pressure in the area of the wax chamber 8 remaining approximately constant.
  • the length of the slit 5 as a function of the shoe size 4 and the weight of the skier. This can be achieved by placing a wedge in the slot 5 in contact with the upper 6 and lower 7 beams, this wedge can be equipped with a slider movable longitudinally in the slot 5 and possibly lockable in the adjustment position. Similarly, one can provide an adjustment of the thickness of the slot by the use of longitudinal shims of varying thickness.
  • the thickness of the slot 5 if it must be sufficient, must nevertheless remain relatively small, failing which the ski would be too weakened. A thickness of the order of 2 to 4 mm turns out to give excellent results.
  • the slot 5 remains laterally open towards the outside, untimely intrusions of snow, mud, gravel or other undesirable foreign bodies may occur. It is therefore possible to provide that the slot 5 is filled with an elastic material very easily deformable in compression, such as for example a plastic foam.
  • the slot 5 can also be laterally closed by a bellows or any other equivalent means.
  • the slot 5 which has just been described can also be produced in any type of ski, for example conventional as illustrated in transverse section in FIG. 8, of trapezoidal cross section whether curvilinear or not, as in FIG. 9, or even of section completely asymmetrical (not shown).
  • the slot 5, in the various variants which have just been mentioned, can also be made obliquely, rectilinear or not, in the thickness of the ski, as shown in FIG. 10 in partial longitudinal section, falling from the zone from the heel T towards the point of impulse Pi.
  • This arrangement induces a gradation in the resistance to bending of the upper beam 6, this bending being stronger in the area of the point of impulse Pi, favoring the flattening of the wax chamber 8, but however, it tends to weaken the upper beam 6 in this area.
  • the slot 5 can be provided with variable thickness, this increasing from the heel T towards the point of impulse Pi. This arrangement has approximately the same advantages as that which has just been set forth immediately above.
  • the slot 5 by construction of a lower beam 7 bringing together all the elements of mechanical resistance, namely, the core, the sole, the reinforcements, etc. .. and an upper beam 6 of molded plastic material covering the slot over a length at least equal to the latter.
  • This beam can advantageously be provided with a longitudinal rib 61 in which a complementary groove 41 produced in the sole of the shoe 4 cooperates.
  • the assembly of the upper beam 6 to the lower beam 7 can be carried out by any means such as by gluing, vibration welding, etc.
  • Figures 16a and 16b show an advantageous solution to solve this problem: under the sole of the ski, at the wax chamber 8, a removable plate 63 supporting the anti-recoil system 64 can be put in place and removed quickly.
  • the lower beam 7 has at the wax chamber 8 a recess 61 which may possibly have a width equivalent to the ski.
  • This recess 61 serves as a housing for a housing 62 fixed in the recess 61 by any means such as screwing, bonding, welding. This case can also be obtained directly during the manufacture of the ski by molding or machining.
  • a removable plate 63 advantageously made of plastic, comes to be embedded in the housing 62 and is held in place by friction or snap-fastening.
  • the anti-recoil system 64 which one wishes to use under the ski. It suffices that the skier has several removable plates 63, with on each of them one or more anti-recoil systems to be able to choose at the last moment the system best suited to the circumstances. It is also possible that a removable plate 63 does not have an anti-recoil system on all or part of its surface.
  • FIG. 17a, 17b, 17c Another embodiment of the housing 62 and the removable plate 63 is shown in Figures 17a, 17b, 17c.
  • the case 62 shown here over the entire width of the ski, has 2 grooves 65, the removable plate 63 sliding in these grooves 65.
  • the groove 65 is removed in one end 66 in order to be able to flexively deform the removable plate 63, as shown in dotted lines 67 so that the removable plate 63 can pass over the rim 68 of the housing 62, as well during installation that during the extraction of the removable plate 63.
  • a notch 69, provided in the removable plate 63 (or in the rim 68) facilitates the maneuver to extract this plate.

Abstract

A transverse slot (5), passing through the ski, is provided in the central part (1) of the ski, in the area in which the boot (4) is held, the area of the heel (T) serving as a support for the foot during the sliding phase, and the metatarso-phalangeal area serving as an impulsion support (Pi) during the impulsion phase of the ski. The slot (5) defines, in the thickness of the ski, two flexing beam parts, an upper one (6) and a lower one (7), respectively. This arrangement permits, during the phase of impulsion (Pi), satisfactory flattening on the ground of the lower beam part (7) and thus of the running sole part of the ski comprising the wax chamber (8). The impulsion efficiency thereof is thus markedly increased without affecting the sliding phase. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention est relative aux skis de fond, et plus particulièrement à ceux utilisés pour la pratique du pas classique, dit alternatif, par opposition au pas de patineur.The present invention relates to cross-country skis, and more particularly to those used for the practice of conventional, so-called alternative, steps as opposed to skater's steps.

Un ski de fond comporte de façon générale une partie centrale cambrée au repos à convexité tournée vers le haut, délimitée par deux lignes de contact avec le sol, respectivement avant et arrière, et séparant cette partie centrale respectivement de la spatule et du talon du ski. La zone d'appui du pied du skieur se situe en position moyenne par rapport à cette partie centrale, au moins approximativement.A cross-country ski generally comprises a central portion arched at rest with upwardly convexity, delimited by two lines of contact with the ground, respectively front and rear, and separating this central portion respectively from the tip and the heel of the ski . The support area of the skier's foot is located in the middle position relative to this central part, at least approximately.

Pendant l'exercice du pas alternatif, cet appui du pied se manifeste entre la semelle du ski et le sol, essentiellement en deux points ou zones très restreintes, bien localisées.During the exercise of the alternative step, this support of the foot manifests itself between the sole of the ski and the ground, essentially at two points or very restricted zones, well located.

Lors de l'impulsion pour la progression en avant, le pied du skieur prend appui au niveau de l'articulation métatarso-phalangienne, de qui définit la position du point d'appui sur le ski ou point d'appui d'impulsion. C'est au niveau de ce point que s'exerce le maximum de pression pour mettre le ski à plat par élasticité à l'encontre de la cambrure de la partie centrale.During the impulse for forward progression, the skier's foot is supported at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint, which defines the position of the fulcrum on the ski or impulse fulcrum. It is at this point that the maximum pressure is exerted to put the ski flat by elasticity against the camber of the central part.

Dans la phase de glissement ou d'avancée du ski, c'est par le talon que le pied prend appui sur le ski. Du fait de la cambrure d'origine du ski, et de la position relative du pied par rapport à celle-ci, cet appui du talon laisse en avant de son point d'application une zone résiduelle cambrée qui correspond donc à une pression nulle du ski sur le sol, et qui est communément appelée "chambre à fart". C'est en effet dans cette zone qu'il est le plus judicieux d'appliquer à la semelle du ski un fart de retenue ou tout autre moyen s'opposant au recul, tel qu'écailles, peau de phoque, revêtement chimique anti-recul, etc... Ce fart de retenue, ou cet autre moyen, ne produit un effet que par son contact avec le sol, c''est-à-dire lors de la phase d'impulsion en empêchant le ski de reculer, par la réaction positive que le sol peut alors exercer sur lui.In the sliding or advancing phase of the ski, it is by the heel that the foot rests on the ski. Due to the original camber of the ski, and the relative position of the foot with respect thereto, this support of the heel leaves in front of its point of application a cambered residual zone which therefore corresponds to zero pressure of the ski on the ground, and which is commonly called "wax room". It is indeed in this area that it is most judicious to apply to the sole of the ski a retaining wax or any other means opposing the recoil, such as scales, sealskin, anti-chemical coating. recoil, etc. This retaining wax, or this other means, produces an effect only by its contact with the ground, that is to say during the impulse phase by preventing the ski from retreating, by the positive reaction that the soil can then exert on it.

Cette répartition le long de la semelle du ski revêt une grande importance puisqu'elle conditionne l'efficacité de l'impulsion transmise par l'appui métatarso-phalangien en phase d'impulsion et la qualité du glissement lors de l'appui du talon.This distribution along the sole of the ski is of great importance since it conditions the effectiveness of the impulse transmitted by the metatarsophalangeal support in the impulse phase and the quality of the slip when the heel is pressed.

Pour un ski classique destiné essentiellement au pas alternatif, on s'aperçoit, comme illustré à la figure 1, que cette distribution de pression le long du ski n'est pas idéale. Ce diagramme représente la pression de contact en ordonnée, en fonction de la position sur le ski en abscisse, entre la spatule S et le talon du ski Ts, respectivement dans la phase d'impulsion, en trait mixte, et dans la phase de glissement, en trait plein. Les points d'appui en impulsion et du talon sont respectivement référencés par Pi et T. On constate que si, dans la phase de glissement ou d'appui du talon, la chambre à fart 8, ou zone de pression nulle, existe bel et bien, lors de la phase d'impulsion (trait mixte), la pression, maximale au niveau du point d'impulsion Pi, s'exerce de part et d'autre de ce point de façon très large et diffuse d'une part, et avec relativement peu d'intensité, dans la zone de la chambre à fart 8 d'autre part, ce qui nuit très notablement à l'efficacité de l'impulsion.For a conventional ski intended essentially for alternative pitch, it can be seen, as illustrated in FIG. 1, that this pressure distribution along the ski is not ideal. This diagram represents the contact pressure on the ordinate, as a function of the position on the ski on the abscissa, between the tip S and the heel of the ski Ts, respectively in the impulse phase, in phantom, and in the sliding phase , in solid lines. The impulse and heel support points are respectively referenced by Pi and T. It can be seen that if, in the sliding or support phase of the heel, the wax chamber 8, or zone of zero pressure, does exist and well, during the pulse phase (mixed line), the pressure, maximum at the point of pulse Pi, is exerted on both sides of this point in a very broad and diffuse way on the one hand, and with relatively little intensity, in the area of the wax chamber 8 on the other hand, which very significantly harms the effectiveness of the pulse.

La présente invention vise à éliminer cet inconvénient ou, tout au moins, à en réduire l'importance de façon significative, en concentrant la pression d'impulsion sur la zone de la chambre à fart 8.The present invention aims to eliminate this drawback or, at least, to reduce it significantly, by concentrating the pulse pressure on the area of the wax chamber 8.

Le document DE-A-3 619 118 concerne un ski alpin comprenant plusieurs couches dont une poutre supérieure et une poutre inférieure, espacées l'une de l'autre dans la région centrale et se rejoignant aux extrémités de façon à définir une chambre dans laquelle sont disposés des éléments élastiques et amortissants.Document DE-A-3 619 118 relates to an alpine ski comprising several layers including an upper beam and a lower beam, spaced from one another in the central region and joining at the ends so as to define a chamber in which elastic and damping elements are arranged.

Le document WO-A-86/04824 concerne également un ski alpin formé de deux parties superposées qui délimitent un espace intermédiaire, au moins dans la partie des fixations. Les parties sont maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre par des pièces d'entretoise. Il est formé ainsi une boite résistante à la torsion dans la région où les parties sont superposées.Document WO-A-86/04824 also relates to an alpine ski formed by two superimposed parts which delimit an intermediate space, at least in the part of the bindings. The parts are kept at a distance from each other by spacer pieces. A torsion-resistant box is thus formed in the region where the parts are superimposed.

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaitront à la lumière de la description de plusieurs modes de réalisation qui suit, et pour l'intelligence de laquelle on se référera aux dessins, dont:

  • la figure 1, déjà évoquée, est un diagramme explicitant l'état de la technique connue,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un ski au repos où est mise en oeuvre la présente invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue de dessus du même ski,
  • la figure 4 est une vue latérale du même ski pendant la phase de glissement,
  • la figure 5 est aussi une vue latérale du même ski, mais pendant la phase d'impulsion,
  • les figures 6 et 7 sont deux diagrammes en représentation analogue à celui de la figure 1, et montrant la distribution des pressions de contact selon deux modes de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 8 et 9 illustrent en coupe transversale partielle respectivement pour un ski classique et pour un ski dit trapézoïdal, deux exemples d'exécution de l'invention,
  • les figures 10 et 11 représentent en coupe longitudinale partielle le détail de deux modes de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 12 et 13 illustrent en coupe longitudinale partielle respectivement deux procédés de réalisation d'un ski selon l'invention.
  • la figure 14 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du ski selon un mode de réalisation particulier,
  • la figure 15 est une vue en coupe transversale du ski selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 14.
  • les figures 16a et 16b sont des vues en coupe longitudinale et de dessous montrant un mode de réalisation de l'élément antirecul amovible,
  • les figures 17a, 17b, 17c sont des vues en coupe longitudinale et transversale ainsi qu'une vue de dessous montrant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'élément antirecul amovible.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the light of the description of several embodiments which follows, and for the intelligence of which reference will be made to the drawings, including:
  • FIG. 1, already mentioned, is a diagram explaining the state of the known technique,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in longitudinal section of a ski at rest where the present invention is implemented,
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the same ski,
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the same ski during the sliding phase,
  • FIG. 5 is also a side view of the same ski, but during the impulse phase,
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are two diagrams in representation similar to that of FIG. 1, and showing the distribution of the contact pressures according to two embodiments of the invention,
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate in partial cross section respectively for a conventional ski and for a so-called trapezoidal ski, two examples of embodiment of the invention,
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show in partial longitudinal section the detail of two embodiments of the invention,
  • Figures 12 and 13 illustrate in partial longitudinal section respectively two methods of making a ski according to the invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a view in longitudinal section of the ski according to a particular embodiment,
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the ski according to the embodiment of FIG. 14.
  • FIGS. 16a and 16b are views in longitudinal section and from below showing an embodiment of the removable anti-kickback element,
  • Figures 17a, 17b, 17c are views in longitudinal and cross section as well as a bottom view showing a second embodiment of the removable anti-kickback element.

Selon l'invention, on propose pour s'affranchir, ou du moins,pour en réduire considérablement l'importance, des inconvénients évoqués plus haut, de ménager dans l'épaisseur du ski, dans la zone de la partie centrale correspondant au moins approximativement à l'emprise du pied du skieur, une partie vide ou fente transversale traversant le ski pour définir deux poutres respectivement supérieure et inférieure. Lors de l'appui d'impulsion, la poutre supérieure, en fléchissant, vient en contact avec la poutre inférieure qui fléchit à son tour pour engendrer la pression de contact avec le sol qui permet l'impulsion.According to the invention, it is proposed to overcome, or at least to considerably reduce the importance of the disadvantages mentioned above, to spare in the thickness of the ski, in the area of the central part corresponding at least approximately at the foot of the skier's foot, an empty part or transverse slit crossing the ski to define two upper and lower beams respectively. During the impulse support, the upper beam, by bending, comes into contact with the lower beam which in turn bends to generate the contact pressure with the ground which allows the impulse.

On voit aux dessins un ski de fond avec son talon TS, sa spatule S, et ses lignes de contact avec le sol respectivement avant 2 et arrière 3 délimitant entre elles la partie centrale 1. Une chaussure 4 est très schématiquement figurée, mettant en évidence les points d'application des efforts de l'appui de talon T et de l'appui d'impulsion ou métatarso-phalangien Pi. Dans l'épaisseur de la partie centrale 1 et dans la zone plus restreinte correspondant plus particulièrement à celle que recouvre l'ensemble de la chaussure 4, est ménagé un vide, par exemple sous forme d'une fente 5 de faible épaisseur. Cette fente 5 définit une zone de partage en les séparant, entre deux poutres respectivement supérieure 6 et inférieure 7. Cette fente longitudinale, transversalement traversante, se situe en arrière du point dit d'équilibre P1 du ski, qui correspond à la localisation de l'extrémité avant de la chaussure 4. Elle s'étend par ailleurs vers l'arrière jusqu'à un point situé à proximité du point T où s'exerce en phase de glissement la force d'appui du talon de la chaussure 4. De préférence, la fente 5 se situe dans l'épaisseur du ski au niveau de la fibre neutre de celui-ci.We see in the drawings a cross-country ski with its heel T S , its tip S, and its lines of contact with the ground respectively front 2 and rear 3 delimiting between them the central part 1. A shoe 4 is very schematically figured, highlighting evidence of the points of application of the efforts of the heel support T and of the impulse or metatarsophalangeal support Pi. In the thickness of the central part 1 and in the more restricted zone corresponding more particularly to that covers the whole of the shoe 4, a vacuum is formed, for example in the form of a slot 5 of small thickness. This slot 5 defines a sharing area by separating them, between two upper 6 and lower 7 beams respectively. This longitudinal transversely traversing slot is located behind the so-called equilibrium point P1 of the ski, which corresponds to the location of the front end of the shoe 4. It also extends rearward to a point located near the point T where the bearing force of the heel of the shoe 4 is exerted in the sliding phase. preferably, the slot 5 is located in the thickness of the ski at the neutral fiber thereof.

Comme on le voit mieux aux figures 4 et 5, la fente 5 remplit deux fonctions distinctes. En phase de glissement(figure 4),lors de l'appui du talon T, elle creuse vers le haut la chambre à fart 8, évoquée plus haut dans l'introduction, par un phénomène de cisaillement induit entre la poutre supérieure 6 et la poutre inférieure 7. D'autre part, en phase d'impulsion(figure 5), elle permet la mise à plat de façon optimale, c'est-à-dire avec le maximum d'intensité, de la chambre à fart 8 sur le sol par appui lors de l'impulsion Pi de la poutre supérieure 6 sur la poutre inférieure 7.As best seen in Figures 4 and 5, the slot 5 performs two distinct functions. In the sliding phase (FIG. 4), when the heel T is pressed, it digs upwards the wax chamber 8, mentioned above in the introduction, by a phenomenon of shearing induced between the upper beam 6 and the lower beam 7. On the other hand, in the impulse phase (FIG. 5), it allows the flattening of the wax chamber 8 on optimally, that is to say with the maximum intensity. the ground by pressing during the pulse Pi of the upper beam 6 on the lower beam 7.

Avantageusement, le point d'impulsion Pi situé dans la zone de la fente 5 sera localisé en avant du centre de celle-ci et de préférence aux deux tiers de celle-ci. En effet, on remarque que si le point d'impulsion Pi est centré longitudinalement par rapport à la fente 5, on n'obtient pas une distribution optimale des pressions de contact entre la semelle du ski et le sol lors de l'effort d'impulsion. C'est ce qu'illustre le diagramme de la figure 6 en représentation analogue à celle de la figure 1, où l'on note de part et d'autre de la zone du point d'impulsion Pi, où on a un pic d'intensité, deux plages de pression d'intensité encore très importante. Les pressions exercées correspondent à une charge équivalente au poids normal d'un skieur, soit environ 60 à 85 kgs.Advantageously, the pulse point Pi located in the area of the slot 5 will be located in front of the center of the latter and preferably two-thirds of the latter. Indeed, it is noted that if the point of impulse Pi is centered longitudinally with respect to the slot 5, one does not obtain an optimal distribution of the contact pressures between the sole of the ski and the ground during the effort of impulse. This is illustrated in the diagram of FIG. 6 in a representation similar to that of FIG. 1, where we note on either side of the zone of the pulse point Pi, where we have a peak d 'intensity, two pressure ranges of intensity still very important. The pressures exerted correspond to a load equivalent to the normal weight of a skier, that is to say approximately 60 to 85 kgs.

Le diagramme de la figure 7 montre la répartition des pressions de contact lorsque le point d'impulsion Pi se situe, comme dit plus haut, aux deux tiers de la fente 5 en direction de la spatule S du ski.The diagram in FIG. 7 shows the distribution of the contact pressures when the pulse point Pi is located, as said above, at two thirds of the slot 5 in the direction of the tip S of the ski.

La longueur de la fente 5 peut être bien évidemment variable et est fonction de la longueur du ski et de la pointure de la chaussure 4 du porteur. Il est clair que plus la longueur de la fente 5 augmentera, plus la chambre à fart 8 aura tendance à se creuser, et donc plus la pression de contact augmentera dans cette zone lors de l'appui d'impulsion Pi. Pour un ski moyen, la longueur de la fente 5 peut varier, par exemple entre 150 et 300 mm selon la rigidité en flexion de la poutre supérieure 6. Dans une zone préférentielle de 210 à 250 mm, seule la pression d'impulsion Pi varie de façon significative et augmente,la pression dans la zone de la chambre à fart 8 restant approximativement constante.The length of the slot 5 can obviously be variable and is a function of the length of the ski and the size of the shoe 4 of the wearer. It is clear that the more the length of the slit 5 will increase, the more the wax chamber 8 will tend to widen, and therefore the more the contact pressure will increase in this zone during the impulse support Pi. For a medium ski , the length of the slot 5 can vary, for example between 150 and 300 mm depending on the bending stiffness of the upper beam 6. In a preferred area of 210 to 250 mm, only the pulse pressure Pi varies significantly and increases, the pressure in the area of the wax chamber 8 remaining approximately constant.

Pour un skieur particulièrement exigeant, on peut chercher à régler la longueur de la fente 5 en fonction de la pointure de la chaussure 4 et du poids du skieur. Ceci peut être réalisé en plaçant dans la fente 5 une cale en contact avec les poutres supérieure 6 et inférieure 7, cette cale pouvant être équipée d'un curseur déplaçable longitudinalement dans la fente 5 et éventuellement verrouillable en position de réglage. De même, on peut prévoir un réglage de l'épaisseur de la fente moyennant l'utilisation de cales longitudinales de plus ou moins grande épaisseur.For a particularly demanding skier, one can seek to adjust the length of the slit 5 as a function of the shoe size 4 and the weight of the skier. This can be achieved by placing a wedge in the slot 5 in contact with the upper 6 and lower 7 beams, this wedge can be equipped with a slider movable longitudinally in the slot 5 and possibly lockable in the adjustment position. Similarly, one can provide an adjustment of the thickness of the slot by the use of longitudinal shims of varying thickness.

Il faut par ailleurs noter que l'épaisseur de la fente 5, si elle doit être suffisante, doit néanmoins rester relativement faible, à défaut de quoi le ski serait par trop fragilisé. Une épaisseur de l'ordre de 2 à 4 mm s'avère donner d'excellents résultats.It should also be noted that the thickness of the slot 5, if it must be sufficient, must nevertheless remain relatively small, failing which the ski would be too weakened. A thickness of the order of 2 to 4 mm turns out to give excellent results.

Si la fente 5 reste latéralement ouverte vers l'extérieur, peuvent survenir des intrusions intempestives de neige, boue, graviers ou autres corps étrangers indésirables. Aussi peut-on prévoir que la fente 5 soit remplie d'un matériau élastique très facilement déformable en compression, tel par exemple qu'une mousse plastique. La fente 5 peut également être latéralement obturée par un soufflet ou tout autre moyen équivalent.If the slot 5 remains laterally open towards the outside, untimely intrusions of snow, mud, gravel or other undesirable foreign bodies may occur. It is therefore possible to provide that the slot 5 is filled with an elastic material very easily deformable in compression, such as for example a plastic foam. The slot 5 can also be laterally closed by a bellows or any other equivalent means.

La fente 5 qui vient d'être décrite peut en outre être réalisée dans tout type de ski, par exemple classique comme illustré en coupe ransversale à la figure 8, de section trapézoïdale curviligne ou non, comme à la figure 9, ou même de section complètement dissymétrique (non représenté).The slot 5 which has just been described can also be produced in any type of ski, for example conventional as illustrated in transverse section in FIG. 8, of trapezoidal cross section whether curvilinear or not, as in FIG. 9, or even of section completely asymmetrical (not shown).

La fente 5, dans les diverses variantes qui viennent d'être évoquées, peut également être ménagée obliquement, rectilignement ou non, dans l'épaisseur du ski, comme il est représenté à la figure 10 en coupe longitudinale partielle, se relevant de la zone du talon T vers le point d'impulsion Pi. Cette disposition induit une gradation dans la résistance à la flexion de la poutre supérieure 6, cette flexion étant plus forte dans la zone du point d'impulsion Pi, en favorisant la mise à plat de la chambre à fart 8, mais cependant, elle tend à fragiliser la poutre supérieure 6 dans cette zone.The slot 5, in the various variants which have just been mentioned, can also be made obliquely, rectilinear or not, in the thickness of the ski, as shown in FIG. 10 in partial longitudinal section, falling from the zone from the heel T towards the point of impulse Pi. This arrangement induces a gradation in the resistance to bending of the upper beam 6, this bending being stronger in the area of the point of impulse Pi, favoring the flattening of the wax chamber 8, but however, it tends to weaken the upper beam 6 in this area.

De même, comme illustré à la figure 11, la fente 5 peut être prévue d'épaisseur variable, celle-ci croissant du talon T vers le point d'impulsion Pi. Cette disposition présente approximativement les mêmes avantages que celle qui vient d'être exposée immédiatement ci-dessus.Likewise, as illustrated in FIG. 11, the slot 5 can be provided with variable thickness, this increasing from the heel T towards the point of impulse Pi. This arrangement has approximately the same advantages as that which has just been set forth immediately above.

Pour la réalisation de la fente 5 dans l'épaisseur du ski, plusieurs modes sont envisageables.Several methods are possible for producing the slot 5 in the thickness of the ski.

On peut procéder par usinage classique par enlèvement de matière sur le ski fini. Cette solution présente cependant l'inconvénient que le noyau du ski, en mousse plastique rigide généralement (telle le polyuréthane), n'a pas une résistance intrinsèque suffisante pour supporter convenablement les efforts de cisaillement.It can be done by conventional machining by removing material from the finished ski. This solution however has the drawback that the core of the ski, generally made of rigid plastic foam (such as polyurethane), does not have sufficient intrinsic resistance to adequately withstand the shearing forces.

Une autre solution exempte de cet inconvénient consiste à surmouler indépendamment l'une de l'autre chacune des poutres supérieure 6 et inférieure 7 sur une épaisseur de renfort 9, constituée par exemple de fibre et galbée en creux pour définir les parois supérieure et inférieure de la fente 5. Les deux poutres 6, 7 sont alors assemblées par collage, comme illustré à la figure 12. Dans ce cas, il est possible de se contenter d'une seule poutre (galbée en creux), de préférence la supérieure 6, la seconde 7 étant plane du côté de sa face de collage.Another solution free from this drawback consists in overmoulding independently of each other each of the upper 6 and lower 7 beams on a reinforcing thickness 9, made for example of fiber and curved in hollow to define the upper and lower walls of the slot 5. The two beams 6, 7 are then assembled by gluing, as illustrated in FIG. 12. In this case, it is possible to be satisfied with a single beam (hollowly curved), preferably the upper 6, the second 7 being flat on the side of its bonding face.

Il est également possible de procéder d'abord par enrobage d'une noyau de moulage plein 10, définissant la future fente 5, par deux renforts 9 similaires à ceux précédemment évoqués, et de surmouler ensuite le reste du ski, notamment les poutres 6 et 7, autour du noyau 10 enrobé 9. Le noyau de moulage 10 est ensuite retiré, libérant ainsi la fente 5 définitive. Ces diverses opérations successives, classiques pour l'homme du métier, sont illustrées à la figure 13.It is also possible to proceed first by coating a solid molding core 10, defining the future slot 5, with two reinforcements 9 similar to those previously mentioned, and then overmolding the rest of the ski, in particular the beams 6 and 7, around the coated core 10 9. The molding core 10 is then removed, thereby freeing the final slot 5. These various successive operations, conventional for those skilled in the art, are illustrated in FIG. 13.

Enfin, comme l'illustrent les figures 14 et 15, il est possible de réaliser la fente 5 par construction d'une poutre inférieure 7 rassemblant tous les éléments de résistance mécanique, à savoir, le noyau, la semelle, les renforts, etc... et d'une poutre supérieure 6 en matière plastique moulée recouvrant la fente sur une longueur au moins égale à celle-ci.Finally, as illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15, it is possible to produce the slot 5 by construction of a lower beam 7 bringing together all the elements of mechanical resistance, namely, the core, the sole, the reinforcements, etc. .. and an upper beam 6 of molded plastic material covering the slot over a length at least equal to the latter.

Cette poutre peut avantageusement être munie d'une nervure longitudinale 61 dans laquelle vient coopérer une rainure complémentaire 41 réalisée dans la semelle de la chaussure 4.This beam can advantageously be provided with a longitudinal rib 61 in which a complementary groove 41 produced in the sole of the shoe 4 cooperates.

L'assemblage de la poutre supérieure 6 à la poutre inférieure 7 peut être réalisée par tout moyen tel que par collage, soudage par vibration, etc...The assembly of the upper beam 6 to the lower beam 7 can be carried out by any means such as by gluing, vibration welding, etc.

Comme il a été précisé plus haut, il existe différents moyens s'opposant au recul du ski (écailles, fart, peau de phoque,...) correspondant à différents types de neige et qui sont plus ou moins longs et complexes à mettre en place sous le ski.As it was specified above, there are various means opposing the retreat of the ski (scales, wax, seal skin, ...) corresponding to different types of snow and which are more or less long and complex to put in place under the ski.

Les figures 16a et 16b montrent une solution avantageuse pour résoudre ce problème : sous la semelle du ski, au niveau de la chambre à fart 8, une plaque amovible 63 supportant le système anti-recul 64 peut être mise en place et enlevée rapidement. La poutre inférieure 7 comporte au niveau de la chambre à fart 8 un évidement 61 pouvant éventuellement avoir une largeur équivalente au ski. Cet évidement 61 sert de logement à un boitier 62 fixé dans l'évidement 61 par tout moyen tel que vissage, collage, soudage. Ce boitier peut aussi être obtenu directement lors de la fabrication du ski par moulage ou usinage. Une plaque amovible 63, avantageusement en matière plastique, vient s'encastrer dans le boitier 62 et tient en place par frottement ou encliquetage. Sur cette plaque amovible, est fixé le système anti-recul 64 que l'on désire utiliser sous le ski. Il suffit que le skieur possède plusieurs plaques amovibles 63, avec sur chacune d'entre elles un ou plusieurs systèmes anti-recul pour pouvoir choisir au dernier moment le système le mieux adapté aux circonstances. Il est également possible qu'une plaque amovible 63 ne possède pas de système anti-recul sur tout ou partie de sa surface.Figures 16a and 16b show an advantageous solution to solve this problem: under the sole of the ski, at the wax chamber 8, a removable plate 63 supporting the anti-recoil system 64 can be put in place and removed quickly. The lower beam 7 has at the wax chamber 8 a recess 61 which may possibly have a width equivalent to the ski. This recess 61 serves as a housing for a housing 62 fixed in the recess 61 by any means such as screwing, bonding, welding. This case can also be obtained directly during the manufacture of the ski by molding or machining. A removable plate 63, advantageously made of plastic, comes to be embedded in the housing 62 and is held in place by friction or snap-fastening. On this removable plate, is fixed the anti-recoil system 64 which one wishes to use under the ski. It suffices that the skier has several removable plates 63, with on each of them one or more anti-recoil systems to be able to choose at the last moment the system best suited to the circumstances. It is also possible that a removable plate 63 does not have an anti-recoil system on all or part of its surface.

Un autre mode de réalisation du boitier 62 et de la plaque amovible 63 est représenté aux figures 17a, 17b, 17c. Le boitier 62, représenté ici sur toute la largeur du ski, comporte 2 rainures 65, la plaque amovible 63 coulissant dans ces rainures 65. Afin de permettre la mise en place de la plaque amovible 63 par coulissement dans le boitier 62, la rainure 65 est supprimée dans une extrémité 66 pour pouvoir déformer en flexion la plaque amovible 63, comme cela est représenté en trait pointillé 67 pour que la plaque amovible 63 puisse passer au-dessus du rebord 68 du boitier 62, aussi bien lors de la mise en place que lors de l'extraction de la plaque amovible 63. Une encoche 69, prévue dans la plaque amovible 63 (ou dans le rebord 68) facilite la manoeuvre pour extraire cette plaque.Another embodiment of the housing 62 and the removable plate 63 is shown in Figures 17a, 17b, 17c. The case 62, shown here over the entire width of the ski, has 2 grooves 65, the removable plate 63 sliding in these grooves 65. In order to allow the removable plate 63 to be put in place by sliding in the case 62, the groove 65 is removed in one end 66 in order to be able to flexively deform the removable plate 63, as shown in dotted lines 67 so that the removable plate 63 can pass over the rim 68 of the housing 62, as well during installation that during the extraction of the removable plate 63. A notch 69, provided in the removable plate 63 (or in the rim 68) facilitates the maneuver to extract this plate.

Claims (22)

  1. Cross-country ski, especially for alternate stepping, comprising an upwardly arched central portion (1) on which a boot (4), is adapted to be fixed, whose heel zone (T) acts as the wearer's foot support during the gliding phase of the ski, and whose metatarsal-phalanges zone acts as an impulse support (Pi) to the foot during the impulse phase, characterized by the fact that in the support zone of the boot (4) of the central portion (1), a transverse slit (5) is arranged crossing the ski and defining in the thickness thereof, two respective upper (6) and lower (7) beams.
  2. Cross-country ski according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the slit (5) extends frontwardly beyond the impulse support point (Pi).
  3. Cross-country ski according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by the fact that the slit (5) extends frontwardly up to the equilibrium point (P1) defining the front end of the boot (4).
  4. Cross-country ski according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized by the fact that the impulse point (Pi) is located along the longitudinal direction, in front of the center of the slit (5).
  5. Cross-country ski according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the impulse point (Pi) is located along the longitudinal direction at two thirds the length of the slit (5).
  6. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that at least at the level of the slit (5), it is of a conventional rectangular transverse section.
  7. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that at least at the level of the slit (5), it is of a trapezoidal transverse section, curvilinear or non-curvilinear.
  8. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that at least at the level of the slit (5), it is of an asymmetrical transverse section.
  9. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the slit (5) is arranged obliquely in the thickness of the ski.
  10. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the slit (5) is of variable thickness along the longitudinal direction of the ski.
  11. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the fact that the slit (5) is located at the neutral fiber level in the thickness of the ski.
  12. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that a longitudinally displaceable wedge is arranged in the slit (5), for adjusting the active length of the slit (5).
  13. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the fact that the slit (5) is filled with an elastic material which is very easily deformable under pressure.
  14. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the fact that the slit (5) is closed laterally by a bellows or other equivalent sealing means.
  15. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized by the fact that the slit (5) is obtained by removing material on the completed ski by machining.
  16. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized by the fact that each of the upper (6) and lower (7) beams is separately obtained by duplicate molding on a curved reinforcement thickness (9), to define the upper and lower walls of the slit (5), and wherein the beams (6, 7) are then assembled by adhesion.
  17. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized by the fact it is obtained by coating a solid molding core (10) with two layers of curved reinforcement (9), with duplicate molding on the reinforcements (9) of the rest of the ski, especially the upper (6) and lower (7) beams, and eliminating the molding core (10).
  18. Cross-country ski according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized by the fact the slit (5) is obtained after assembly of a lower beam (7) uniting all the mechanical resistance elements, and an upper beam (6) made of molded plastic material covering the slit (5).
  19. Cross-country ski according to claim 18, characterized by the fact that the beam (6) is provided with a longitudinal rib (61) inside with which a complimentary groove (41) obtained in the sole of the boot (4) cooperates.
  20. Cross-country ski according to claims 1 to 19, characterized by the fact that it comprises under the sole, at the level of the wax chamber 8, a removable plate 63 bearing the anti-return system 64.
  21. Cross-country ski according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that the removable plate 63 is imbedded in a casing 62.
  22. Cross-country ski according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that the removable plate 63 slides in the grooves 65 of the casing 62.
EP91110816A 1990-08-24 1991-06-29 Cross country ski, especially for the practice of alternative steps Expired - Lifetime EP0473898B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9010747 1990-08-24
FR9010747A FR2666021B1 (en) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING, PARTICULARLY FOR THE PRACTICE OF THE ALTERNATIVE PIT.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0473898A1 EP0473898A1 (en) 1992-03-11
EP0473898B1 true EP0473898B1 (en) 1994-08-17

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EP91110816A Expired - Lifetime EP0473898B1 (en) 1990-08-24 1991-06-29 Cross country ski, especially for the practice of alternative steps

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US (2) US5292147A (en)
EP (1) EP0473898B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04246383A (en)
AT (1) ATE109992T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69103497T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2666021B1 (en)

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FR2700477B1 (en) * 1993-01-19 1995-03-10 Rossignol Sa Cross-country skiing.
FR2719782B1 (en) * 1994-05-11 1997-08-08 Salomon Sa Device for cross-country skiing and skiing equipped with such a device.
FR2719780B1 (en) * 1994-05-11 1996-07-12 Salomon Sa Device for cross-country skiing and skiing equipped with such a device.
WO1999066994A1 (en) 1998-06-25 1999-12-29 Fischer Gesellschaft Mbh Cross-country ski
FR2807670B1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2002-06-07 Rossignol Sa ALPINE SKIING
FR2827785B1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-11-07 Rossignol Sa ALPINE SKIING
FR2827786B1 (en) * 2001-07-27 2003-09-12 Rossignol Sa ALPINE SKIING
US6659492B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2003-12-09 Michael B. Gousie Ski for uphill and downhill skiing
US7823892B2 (en) * 2007-05-04 2010-11-02 Quiksilver, Inc. Snowboard
FI20075784L (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-05-06 Mikko Tilli Ski
AT508684B1 (en) * 2009-09-08 2012-06-15 Atomic Austria Gmbh SKI, ESPECIALLY CROSS-COUNTRY SKI, WITH AT LEAST ONE RETURN AGENT
AT510559B1 (en) 2010-11-16 2012-05-15 Atomic Austria Gmbh CROSS-COUNTRY WITH AT LEAST ONE AGENT FOR RETURNING
SE537602C2 (en) * 2011-12-16 2015-07-21 Mats Cedervall Cross-country skiing for the practice of classic cross-country skiing
EP2745886A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 ATOMIC Austria GmbH Ski or snowboard with means of influence its geometry and method for its manufacture
WO2015094081A1 (en) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-25 Inadco Ab Ski and method for manufacturing a ski
AT516811B1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2017-10-15 Fischer Sports Gmbh Cross-country skiing
EP3437702B1 (en) 2017-08-03 2022-01-26 Vladimír Míka A cross country ski

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DE696576C (en) * 1937-04-02 1940-09-25 Jaroslav Cerny ski
US2196925A (en) * 1939-04-24 1940-04-09 Peter J Kairis Ski
DE2259375A1 (en) * 1972-12-04 1974-06-12 Heinrich Bellan METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IMPROVING THE STEERINGABILITY OF SCHIER
DE2741622C2 (en) * 1976-09-16 1982-04-22 Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo Device for controlling the welding parameters of a rotating arc welding head
CH608720A5 (en) * 1976-12-21 1979-01-31 Henri Philippe Nidecker
AT351415B (en) * 1977-02-04 1979-07-25 Kaestle Gmbh CROSS-COUNTRY SKI
CH671887A5 (en) * 1982-03-25 1989-10-13 Brosi Bettosini
DE3663334D1 (en) * 1985-02-15 1989-06-22 Walter Kuchler Sliding device, particularly an alpine ski
DE3619118A1 (en) * 1986-06-06 1987-12-10 Wilfried Matt Ski
FR2631844B1 (en) * 1988-05-31 1990-09-07 Salomon Sa CROSS COUNTRY SKI SHOE
AT391086B (en) * 1988-10-18 1990-08-10 Fischer Gmbh SKIING WITH A SKI BODY
FR2652271B1 (en) * 1989-09-28 1992-01-10 Salomon Sa ANTI-BACKUP DEVICE FOR CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69103497T2 (en) 1994-12-08
US5292147A (en) 1994-03-08
EP0473898A1 (en) 1992-03-11
JPH04246383A (en) 1992-09-02
US5427400A (en) 1995-06-27
DE69103497D1 (en) 1994-09-22
FR2666021A1 (en) 1992-02-28
FR2666021B1 (en) 1992-11-13
ATE109992T1 (en) 1994-09-15

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