EP0472483A1 - Bidirektionaler Duplexer für polarisierte Mikrowellen, insbesondere realisiert in monolithischer Technologie auf Galliumarsenid - Google Patents

Bidirektionaler Duplexer für polarisierte Mikrowellen, insbesondere realisiert in monolithischer Technologie auf Galliumarsenid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0472483A1
EP0472483A1 EP91460041A EP91460041A EP0472483A1 EP 0472483 A1 EP0472483 A1 EP 0472483A1 EP 91460041 A EP91460041 A EP 91460041A EP 91460041 A EP91460041 A EP 91460041A EP 0472483 A1 EP0472483 A1 EP 0472483A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outputs
inputs
duplexer according
phase
bidirectional duplexer
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Withdrawn
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EP91460041A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
André Boulouard
Marie-Laure Chares
Michel Le Rouzic
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Orange SA
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France Telecom SA
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Publication of EP0472483A1 publication Critical patent/EP0472483A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of components for processing polarized microwave signals and more specifically circularly polarized wave duplexers. These components can in particular constitute a stage of a transmitter and / or a receiver of circular polarizations in the microwave domain.
  • the transmitted waves are frequently circularly polarized. Indeed, in this case, the setting of the receiving antennas in the field is indifferent.
  • the reception of a circular polarized wave is carried out using two antennas, one of the antennas being vertically polarized and the other horizontally.
  • the vertical and horizontal components of a wave with straight circular polarization are each received by a separate antenna and can be combined by power coupling to reconstruct the transmitted circular polarized wave at the receiver.
  • the same reasoning can be held for a left circular polarization.
  • the vertical and horizontal components received must have a differential phase difference of 90 degrees exactly to avoid loss of power in the combination.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a duplexer ensuring in particular this function of recombination of the linear components of a received circular wave, and conversely, of decomposition of a circular wave into its linear components on transmission.
  • Recombination devices are known for receiving the circular wave received by two 90 ° antennas. These usually consist of a three-door hybrid structure. Such three-door hybrid structures are for example described in the review "RF Design" of July 1989, pages 56 to 59. This document describes hybrid structures consisting of Wilkinson combiners / dividers in T or ⁇ . Wilkinson combiners / dividers are high-pass or low-pass filters making it possible to carry out either the sum of two signals, or dividing a single signal into two equal signals, according to their direction of use.
  • the same type of hybrid structure can also be used on transmission to decompose the wave to be transmitted into two vertical and horizontal components applied to a set of two antennas with orthogonal polarizations.
  • each of these components cannot operate simultaneously in transmission and in reception.
  • a device which must be able to operate in transmission and reception of circular waves requires two separate signal processing units, cooperating with two separate local oscillators, one serving for reception, and the other for sending signals.
  • the present invention aims in particular to meet this need.
  • a first objective of the present invention is to provide a duplexer structure allowing, when connected to a set of antennas, to operate by transmitting circular polarizations both right and left (with the same structure) at from the vertical and horizontal linear polarizations of a microwave signal.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such a structure also allowing reception of circular polarizations both right and left from the vertical and horizontal linear polarizations of the microwave signal.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such a structure allowing simultaneous transmission and reception of crossed circular polarizations.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such a duplexer having an operating frequency band of approximately 11.7 to 12.5 GHz.
  • An additional objective of the present invention is that such a bidirectional structure is achievable in MMIC technology (monolithic microwave integrated circuit), for example on gallium arsenide, in particular to reduce its bulk and consumption.
  • MMIC technology monolithic microwave integrated circuit
  • a bidirectional duplexer for polarized microwave waves of the type intended to connect a first set of two inputs / outputs to a second set of two inputs / outputs, each input / output of the duplexer being connected to the combination channel of a combiner / divider, the two division channels of each combiner / divider each ensuring the connection with one of the division channels of one of the connected combiners / dividers to a separate input / output from the opposite input / output set, through separate phase shifting means.
  • the combination channel of a combiner / divider is defined as being that on which the sum of the signals applied to the two division channels of the combiner / divider is obtained.
  • the combination channel is the one on which a signal is applied to divide it into two equal signals.
  • the division channels of a combiner / divider are defined as those on which two signals are applied which one wants to summon, that is to say combine, the result of the summation being obtained on the combination channel.
  • the division channels are, conversely, also those on which two equal signals are obtained resulting from the disjunction in two of a signal applied to the combination channel of the combiner / divider, when the latter is used as a divider.
  • the combination / division means are triportes of the Wilkinson type in T or in ⁇ , each phase shifting by + 90 ° or -90 °.
  • Wilkinson type triportes have the particular advantage of being compact and of presenting low standing wave rates.
  • the bidirectional duplexer comprises means for phase adjustment, in T or in ⁇ , each disposed between the combination channels of combiners / dividers and the two inputs / outputs of one of the sets duplexer inputs / outputs.
  • the phase adjustment means have the function of precisely adjusting a 90 ° differential phase shift between the signals leaving or entering the duplexer, in particular to avoid loss of transmission power and crosstalk between the signals.
  • the phase adjustment means comprise field effect transistors mounted in variable capacities.
  • the advantage of this type of arrangement is that the adjustment of the phase of a signal can be controlled by adjusting the gate voltage of the field effect transistors.
  • the duplexer according to the invention thus has an almost zero current consumption continuously, the only consumption coming from the leakage current of the gates of the field effect transistors.
  • the phase shift means provide a phase shift of + ⁇ / 4 or - ⁇ / 4. They can be made up of high-pass or low-pass phase shift cells.
  • the sign (+ or -) of the phase shift of ⁇ / 4 is selectively assigned to each of the phase shift means of the structure so that, each of the inputs / outputs of a first set carrying a distinct linear component (vertical or horizontal) ), the corresponding polarized circular wave is transmitted or received selectively on one or the other of the inputs / outputs of the opposite set, depending on whether the polarization is right or left.
  • the inputs / outputs of the games are adapted to 50 ⁇ .
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention consists in producing such a duplexer in monolithic technology on gallium arsenide. Such an installation makes it possible to considerably reduce the size of the duplexer according to the invention.
  • one of the sets of two inputs / outputs is connected to a set of antennas with vertical and horizontal polarization and the other of the sets of two inputs / outputs is connected to a transmitting and / or receiving unit.
  • the duplexer according to the invention is preferably used for the transmission and reception of circular polarizations both right and left.
  • the duplexer according to the invention is finally particularly suitable for the simultaneous transmission and reception of crossed circular polarizations.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a duplexer according to the present invention.
  • the duplexer according to the invention has a structure made up of two identical branches each comprising two inputs / outputs RF0, RF1, RF2, RF3. Each input / output RF0, RF1, RF2, RF3 is connected to a combination channel 20,21,22,23 of a combiner / divider 12, 13, 14 and 15. Each combiner / divider 12,13,14,15 has two division paths respectively referenced 24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31.
  • Combiners / dividers 12,13,14 and 15 allow either to divide into two equal signals a signal applied on their combination channels 20,21,22,23, the two equal signals being then presented on the division channels 24,25 , 26,27,28,29,30,31, that is to add two signals presented on the division channels 24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31, the result of the summation then appearing on the channels of combination 20,21,22 and 23.
  • each combiner / divider 12, 13, 14 and 15 are each connected to an input / output of a group of inputs / outputs RF0, RF1; RF2, RF3 and the channels of division 24 to 31 of the combiners / dividers of a group of inputs / outputs RF0, RF1, RF2, RF3 are connected to the division channels of the combiners / dividers connected to the inputs / outputs of the other group of inputs / outputs through phase shift means 16, 17, 18, 19.
  • each means of combining / dividing one of the sets of inputs / outputs performs a summation of a phase shifted signal of + ⁇ / 4 coming from a first input of the other of the sets of inputs / outputs and '' a phase shifted signal of - ⁇ / 4 from a second input from the other of the input / output sets.
  • the inputs / outputs RF0, RF1, RF2 and RF3 each have an impedance of 50 ⁇ at input and output.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention consists in connecting the inputs / outputs RF0 and RF1 to antennas, one of the antennas being horizontally polarized and the other vertically.
  • phase adjustment cells 10 and 11 have the function of precisely adjusting a 90 ° differential phase shift between the signals entering or leaving the two branches. This function avoids any crosstalk between the signals sent by the duplexer or coming from the antennas.
  • the combiners / dividers 12, 13, 14 and 15 are advantageously of the Wilkinson type based on T cells each phase-shifting by - 90 ° between 50 and 100 ⁇ . In this way, combiners / dividers adapted to 50 ⁇ at input and output are obtained (according to another embodiment, the combiners / dividers 12, 13, 14 and 15 each phase shift + 90 ° between 50 and 100 ⁇ ).
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B will make it possible to understand the operation of the duplexer according to the present invention.
  • the inputs / outputs RF0 and RF1 are respectively connected to an antenna with horizontal polarization and with an antenna with vertical polarization.
  • Transmitter modules are connected to the RF2 and RF3 inputs / outputs.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show the operation on transmission of the duplexer according to the present invention.
  • the microwave signal crosses the structure of the invention in the direction of the arrows.
  • FIG. 2A represents the operation of the duplexer according to the invention during the emission of a right circular polarization (denoted CD).
  • a right circular polarization signal to be transmitted is applied to the RF2 input / output of the duplexer and is divided into two components by the combiner / divider 14.
  • Channel 28 dephases the signal resulting from the division of an angle of - 45 ° thanks to the phase shifter 19 and channel 29 dephases the other part of the signal by + 45 ° thanks to the phase shifter 17.
  • the two signals are then applied to two separate antennas with vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarization.
  • FIG. 2B represents the operation of the duplexer according to the invention during the transmission of a left circular polarization signal (denoted CG).
  • a left circular polarization signal to be transmitted is applied to the input / output RF3 of the duplexer.
  • the RF3 input / output is connected to the combiner / divider 15 by the combination channel 23.
  • the applied signal is divided into two channels 30 and 31, the phase shifter 16 of channel 31 phase-shifting the signal by - 45 °, and the phase shifter 18 of channel 30 phase shifting the signal by + 45 °.
  • the resulting signals are applied to two separate antennas with vertical V and horizontal H polarization.
  • the duplexer according to the present invention therefore makes it possible to transmit, depending on the chosen input / output channel, RF2 or RF3, a right or left circular polarization signal.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B show the operation of the duplexer according to the present invention in reception.
  • the signals received by the two antennas pass through the duplexer according to the invention in the direction indicated by the arrows.
  • the inputs / outputs RF2 and RF3 are connected to processing units making ounces of receivers.
  • FIG. 3A represents the operation of the duplexer in reception of the vertical and horizontal components of a right circular polarization signal and in FIG. 3B in reception of the vertical and horizontal components of a left circular polarization signal.
  • the signals present on the two input channels RF0 and RF1 are respectively with horizontal and vertical polarization.
  • the signals received by the antennas are the vertical and horizontal components of a right circular polarization signal.
  • the signal applied to the input / output RF1 is phase-shifted by + 45 ° by the phase shifter 17, and the signal applied to the input / output RF0 by - 45 ° by the phase shifter 19.
  • the resulting signals are then combined by the combiner / divider 14 to obtain on the RF2 output a right circular polarization signal.
  • the signals received by the antennas are the vertical and horizontal components of a left circular polarization signal.
  • the signal received by the RF0 input / output is divided into two then the signal of a division channel is phase-shifted by + 45 ° by the phase shifter 18.
  • the signal received by the RF1 input / output is also divided into two and a division channel is shifted by - 45 ° by the phase shifter 16.
  • the combiner / divider 15 sums the signals coming out of the phase shifters 16 and 18 and a left circular polarization signal is obtained at the output RF3.
  • the duplexer according to the present invention therefore allows the reception of right or left circular polarization signals. It can be considered as a polarization discriminator because of its structure.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show the simultaneous operation on transmission and reception of the duplexer according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A represents the simultaneous operation of the duplexer according to the present invention in transmission of a right circular polarization signal (dotted lines) and in reception of a left circular polarization signal (solid line).
  • a right circular polarization signal is applied by a transmitter to the input / output RF2 of the duplexer and divided into two signals by the combiner / divider 14 (FIGS. 1, 2A and 3A), each of the resulting signals being subsequently phase-shifted, one of + 45 ° by the phase shifter 17, the other of - 45 ° by the phase shifter 19, then applied respectively to a vertical and horizontal polarization antenna.
  • the resulting transmitted signal is a right circular polarization signal.
  • the duplexer according to the invention therefore simultaneously allows the transmission of a right circular polarization signal and the reception of the components of a left circular polarization signal.
  • FIG. 4B shows the simultaneous operation of the duplexer according to the present invention in transmitting a left circular polarization signal (dotted lines) and in receiving a right circular polarization signal (line full).
  • the structure of the duplexer according to the present invention therefore makes it possible both to transmit a right circular polarization signal, and to receive a left circular polarization signal, and vice versa.
  • One of the advantages of the present invention is that the transmissions and the receptions can be carried out simultaneously at the same frequency, that is to say that the same local oscillator can be used in transmission and in reception.
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed diagram of a preferred embodiment of the structure of the bidirectional duplexer of the invention.
  • the inputs / outputs RF0, RF1, RF2 and RF3 advantageously have an input impedance of 50 ⁇ .
  • Phase adjustment cells 10 and 11 are arranged between the cross structure of the duplexer and the antennas connected to the inputs / outputs RF0 and RF1.
  • the phase adjustment cells 10 and 11 have a structure in ⁇ and constitute low-pass type filters C1, L1, C1.
  • the present invention proposes to use variable capacities constituted by transistors T1 with field effect including the drain and the source are connected to ground.
  • the transistors T1 have capacities Cgs which vary according to the gate polarizations Vgg1 and Vgg2.
  • the voltages Vgg1 and Vgg2 applied to the gates of the transistors T1 are adjusted manually.
  • Transistors T1 can for example be replaced by reverse polarized varactor diodes, their capacity varying as a function of the voltage applied to their cathode.
  • the combination / division means 12, 13, 14, and 15 are advantageously of the Wilkinson type with three accesses. They are based on T cells (L2, C2, L2) each phase shifting the signal by - 90 ° between 50 and 100 ⁇ , and are thus adapted to 50 ⁇ at input and output.
  • An R2 resistor connects the two division channels of each combiner / divider.
  • the C2 capacities of Wilkinson combiners / dividers have low values and are split for technological convenience.
  • the R2 resistors of Wilkinson's combiners / dividers 12,13,14 and 15 imply a signal transmission loss of 3 dB, but this type of combiner / divider allows on the other hand summation or division of signal power with T.O.S.
  • the Wilkinson combiner / divider also has the advantage of being compact, an important characteristic, in particular in the case where the duplexer according to the present invention has to be produced in monolithic technology, for example on gallium arsenide.
  • Wilkinson's combiners / dividers can also be replaced by reactive 3 dB combiners / dividers, although their size is a little larger. Indeed, these have four accesses and it is therefore necessary to close one access on a resistor. The use of a larger number of elements thereby increases the useful surface necessary for their installation.
  • phase shift modules are T phase shifters of type L4, C4, L4 for phase shift modules - 45 ° (modules 16 and 19) and of type C3, L3, C3 for modules + 45 ° (modules 17 and 18).
  • the capacities C4 of the phase shifters 16 and 19 are also split for technological reasons.
  • the phase shift modules can also be ⁇ modules, include additional components, for example four or five elements, or be replaced by transmission lines of length L / 4 where L is the wavelength of the transmitted signal.
  • One of the advantages of the present invention is that the consumption of the duplexer shown is negligible continuously, the transistors T1 not being biased on the drain. The only continuous consumption comes from the gate leakage current of the field effect transistor T1. Consequently, the heating of the device is negligible continuously.
  • the duplexer according to the invention is advantageously produced in MMIC technology.
  • Transistors T1 can be either integrated or deported outside the integrated circuit. In the latter case, use will preferably be made of INP transistors, these being able to operate at high frequencies.
  • duplexer implantation modes of the duplexer can be envisaged, notably using microstrip lines.
  • a particular mode of use of the present invention consists in performing transmission / reception of microwave signals in the band 11.7-12.5 GHz.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the variations of certain characteristic parameters of the duplexer according to the invention, as a function of the working frequency, this varying from 11.7 to 12.5 GHz. These results were obtained by simulating the duplexer represented in FIG. 5, with the values of the preceding components.
  • the duplexer according to the invention constitutes an octopole since it has four inputs / outputs. Due to the symmetrical structure of this duplexer, it can be characterized by a matrix S of three lines and three columns, one of the inputs / outputs being connected to ground through a resistor.
  • One possible configuration is to connect the RF0 input / output to ground by a 50 ⁇ resistor and to apply signals to the RF1 input.
  • the inputs / outputs RF2 and RF3 therefore constitute the outputs of the device.
  • the inputs / outputs RF0, RF1, RF2 and RF3 correspond respectively to ports 1,2,3 and 4 relating to the parameters S.
  • FIG. 6 represents the variations in decibels of the parameters S 31, S 32 and S 21 of the duplexer according to the present invention, as a function of the operating frequency, these variations resulting from a simulation.
  • the plot 60 represents a simulation of the variation in decibels of the parameter S 21 as a function of the operating frequency.
  • Parameter S 21 characterizes the insulation between the two branches of the duplexer according to the invention. It can be seen that this insulation is correct in the 11.7-12.5 GHz band, the latter being at least equal to - 30 dB for a frequency of 12.5 GHz. The insulation between the two branches reaches - 37 dB for an operating frequency of around 12 GHz.
  • the plot 61 represents a simulation of the variation in decibels of the parameters S 31 and S 32. This parameter characterizes the insertion losses of each branch taking into account the fact that the signals are correlated on the inputs / outputs RF0 and RF1, and this over the entire frequency band 11.7-12.5 GHz.
  • the insertion losses of each branch are equal to - 4.21 ⁇ 0.018 dB.
  • FIG. 7 represents the angular variations of the parameters S 31 and S32 as a function of the frequency.
  • the plot 70 represents the phase variation of the parameter S 32, that is to say the phase shift between the outputs RF1 and RF2.
  • the plot 70 presents a linear variation as a function of the frequency, the phase shift between the outputs RF1 and RF2 decreasing when the frequency increases.
  • the plot 71 presents the phase variation of the parameter S 31 as a function of the frequency, that is to say between the output RF2 and the input RF0. Its variation as a function of frequency is also linear and decreases as the frequency increases.
  • the polarization discriminator according to the invention finds application in numerous fields. For example, it can advantageously be used as a polarization changer using a repeater. Thus, a wave with left circular polarization can be transformed into a wave with right circular polarization and vice versa.
  • the invention also finds application in the transmission and reception of circular waves from antennas or networks of printed antennas. It can also be used as part of the cross-polarized frequency reuse duplexer.
  • Another application of the present invention is to serve for the transmission of vertically and / or horizontally polarized microwave waves.
  • FIG. 8 represents an example of topography on an integrated circuit of such a duplexer, produced in MMIC technology, using integrated T1 transistors.
  • the block diagram retained for this topography is that of FIG. 5 with the component values indicated above.
  • the various elements of the electrical diagram are produced according to the technological rule of the THOMSON / DAG foundry (registered trademark).

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EP91460041A 1990-08-24 1991-08-01 Bidirektionaler Duplexer für polarisierte Mikrowellen, insbesondere realisiert in monolithischer Technologie auf Galliumarsenid Withdrawn EP0472483A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9010753 1990-08-24
FR9010753A FR2666186B1 (fr) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 Duplexeur bidirectionnel pour ondes hyperfrequences polarisees realisable notamment en technologie monolithique sur arseniure de gallium.

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EP0472483A1 true EP0472483A1 (de) 1992-02-26

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FR (1) FR2666186B1 (de)

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US5247269A (en) 1993-09-21
FR2666186B1 (fr) 1994-05-06
FR2666186A1 (fr) 1992-02-28

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