EP0470153A1 - Aktive schall- und/oder vibrationssteuerung. - Google Patents

Aktive schall- und/oder vibrationssteuerung.

Info

Publication number
EP0470153A1
EP0470153A1 EP90907216A EP90907216A EP0470153A1 EP 0470153 A1 EP0470153 A1 EP 0470153A1 EP 90907216 A EP90907216 A EP 90907216A EP 90907216 A EP90907216 A EP 90907216A EP 0470153 A1 EP0470153 A1 EP 0470153A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signals
source
vibration
producing
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90907216A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0470153B1 (de
Inventor
Graham Paul Eatwell
Christopher Mark Dorling
William Richard Hodson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Noise Cancellation Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Active Noise and Vibration Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Active Noise and Vibration Technologies Inc filed Critical Active Noise and Vibration Technologies Inc
Publication of EP0470153A1 publication Critical patent/EP0470153A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0470153B1 publication Critical patent/EP0470153B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
    • G10K11/17883—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal the reference signal being derived from a machine operating condition, e.g. engine RPM or vehicle speed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
    • G10K11/17825—Error signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/121—Rotating machines, e.g. engines, turbines, motors; Periodic or quasi-periodic signals in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3024—Expert systems, e.g. artificial intelligence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3025—Determination of spectrum characteristics, e.g. FFT
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3032—Harmonics or sub-harmonics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3042—Parallel processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3046—Multiple acoustic inputs, multiple acoustic outputs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3051—Sampling, e.g. variable rate, synchronous, decimated or interpolated

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to systems for controlling sound or vibration, and more especially to active control systems which use a plurality of actuators to produce a—controlling -sound or vibration field-and—a— plurality of sensors to measure the residual field.
  • the system of the invention can be used even when the fundamental period of vibration is changing rapidly. For example, it can be used to control the engine noise in the interior of a vehicle.
  • the improved method in accordance with the invention uses orthogonal transformations to reduce a multichannel control system to a series of single channel systems and provides a method by which the output of each such system can be adapted to maintain good performance of the control system even when the fundamental frequency of the vibration or sound source is changing.
  • Wave shaping or filtering eg US Patent No. 4,506,380 and published UK Patent Application No. 2,201,858, where a reference signal containing one or more frequencies of the unwanted sound and vibration is filtered to produce the signals to send to actuators which in turn produce the desired sound or vibration.
  • a further Patent Specification No. 2,122,052 uses a waveform synthesis technique for vibration control.
  • a sensor and actuator are placed at each of a number of locations. This results in a system with equal numbers of sensors and actuators and a method for adapting the waveform is presented for this special case.
  • the sources and sensors are not co- located and usually more sensors than sources are used in an effort to obtain a better measure of the resulting sound or vibration.
  • the signal from each of a plurality of sensors is sampled using an analogue to digital converter (ADC) triggered by a signal related to the position of the source in its cycle.
  • ADC analogue to digital converter
  • the data may be averaged over several cycles to improve accuracy.
  • This gives an almost periodic sequence to which an orthogonal transform, such as the discrete Fourier transform, can be applied.
  • This process is well known for the analysis of periodic signals, and is referred to as "order ratio analysis” or "order locked analysis” .
  • Equation (3.1) The sample signal from the i-th sensor is given by equation (3.1), where I. -(nT) is the response at sensor i, due to an impulse at the j-th controller output, x.(m) is the m-th value of the j-th controller output, y. (n) is the n-th value of sensor signal in the absence of any control and T is the sampling interval. J is the number of controller outputs.
  • a slightly more complicated expression must be used if the length of the impulse response is comparable with the time over which the sampling period changes significantly. If r. is sampled N times per cycle, then since x. is periodic, equation (3.2) is applicable, where NT is the fundamental period. Equation (3.1) can then be written as equation (3.3), where equation (3.4) defines the cyclic impulse response.
  • Equation (3.3) then becomes equation (3.6).
  • the control problem is to find the components X.(k) which produce the desired values of R.(k). This problem is complicated because all of the control outputs, X.(k) interact to produce each sensor signal. It is possible, however, to use a technique which transforms the set of coupled equations (3.6) into a set of independent equations.
  • the technique employs a singular value decomposition of the transfer function matrix A..(kf) for each kf. This gives equation (3.7), where the asterisk denotes complex conjugation.
  • the matrices with complex components U. and V . represent orthogonal transformations and so have the properties given by equations (3.8) and (3.9), where M is the number of sensors and ⁇ note is the ronecker delta.
  • D ( kf) St, m m is the m-th singular value at frequency kf. It is a real quantity.
  • the method of decomposition is described in
  • Equation (3.6) can be multiplied by U . and summed over i to give equation (3.10), to which equations-(-3.10.1 ⁇ and ⁇ 3.10.-2)-and- (3.10.3) are - applicable.
  • Equation (3.10) is a single equation for the component X (kf) of the desired controller output, which can be solved directly if Y and
  • equation (3.11) and (3.12) gives equation (3.12.1), and from equation (3.11), equation (3.12.2) results.
  • equation (3.15) applies, that is, a different convergence factor is used for each frequency and each principal component.
  • U(kf) and V(kf) and the singular values D.(kf) are calculated from the measured transfer functions, and stored for each frequency.
  • the frequency f (or, equivalently, the period T) is measured so that the appropriate transformation matrices and singular values can be used. Since kf is unlikely to correspond exactly to a value for which the transfer function was measured, the nearest value is used. Alternatively interpolation between nearby values could be used to obtain more accuracy. In order to maintain a given accuracy the former method uses more memory and the latter uses more computation time.
  • equations (3.9) and (3.10.3) can be used to give equation (3.16).
  • the actuators are not driven too hard, and it is important that the signals to the DAC's are within the correct range.
  • One particular method of limiting the drive amplitudes is to use a minimisation constraint, ⁇ in the algorithm given by equation (3.17).
  • the constraint ⁇ can be adapted after each iteration, that is ⁇ is increased if any of the drive signals x. is too large or reduced if they are all in the desired range.
  • Digital values are stored in a memory device (1), which may for example be a FIFO device. These values are sent to a set of digital to analogue converters (DACs) (2) which are triggered N times per cycle by a train of electrical pulses from a sensor (3). These pulses relate to the position of the source in its cycle.
  • the analogue signals from the DACs are passed through signal conditioners (4) to provide the drive signals for a number of actuators (5).
  • the resulting sound or vibration field is measured by sensors (6).
  • the signals from these sensors are used to adapt the values stored in the memory device (1) so that the sensor signals approach the desired values.
  • the sensor signals are passed through signal conditioners (7) and then sampled in synchrony with the source using analogue to digital converters (8) which are triggered by signals from the position sensor (3). These sampled values are placed in memory device (9) and may be averaged over a number of complete cycles to reduce the effects of signals unrelated to the source.
  • a transform module (10) which may use a discrete Fourier transform, produces components related to the harmonic frequencies of the source for each sensor. The components from the different sensors are then combined in the transform module (11) so as to produce the principal components of sensor signals. Each of these independent components is modified in the adaption module (12) to produce the principal components of the new drive signals.
  • transform module (13) is combined with transform module (13) to produce the frequency components of each drive signal which are then converted to time values via an inverse transform module (15) .
  • the new time values then replace those in the memory device (1).
  • the transform modules (11) and (13) and the adaption modules (12) require knowledge of the period or ffequency of the source. This may be obtained from the position signal via a frequency counter (14) which contains a real time clock. This method can be used in aircraft cabins where the source of the noise is the propellers or propfans.
  • a control system for controlling the "boom" in automobile interiors is described in published UK Patent Application 2,201,858. It uses the wave shaping or filtering technique described above. The system is designed to adapt on a time scale comparable with delays associated with the propagation time of sound from the actuators to the sensors. In an automobile interior, however there is sound from many sources which are not related to the engine: for example, road noise, wind noise, sound from the in-car entertainment system. This noise contaminates the sensor signals and degrades the performance of the system.
  • the method of this invention uses averaging of the synchronously sampled signals over several cycles. This reduces the level of contamination and improves the performance of the system. However, the time taken, for averaging reduces the ability of the system to track changes in the sound field due to changes in engine speed and load. Therefore, for a given level of contaminating noise, there will be an optimum number of cycles for averaging which will depend upon the rate of change of engine speed and load.
  • the rate of change of engine speed may be obtained from the position signal and engine load may be obtained from additional sensors, such as a pressure sensor in the inlet manifold or throttle position sensor. This information can be used to control the rate of adaption so that optimal performance of the system can be obtained.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
EP90907216A 1989-04-25 1990-04-20 Aktive schall- und/oder vibrationssteuerung Expired - Lifetime EP0470153B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8909433A GB2230920B (en) 1989-04-25 1989-04-25 Active sound and/or vibration control
GB8909433 1989-04-25
PCT/GB1990/000617 WO1990013108A1 (en) 1989-04-25 1990-04-20 Active sound and/or vibration control

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0470153A1 true EP0470153A1 (de) 1992-02-12
EP0470153B1 EP0470153B1 (de) 1996-02-28

Family

ID=10655687

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90907216A Expired - Lifetime EP0470153B1 (de) 1989-04-25 1990-04-20 Aktive schall- und/oder vibrationssteuerung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0470153B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH04505221A (de)
AU (1) AU635266B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2049332C (de)
DE (1) DE69025604T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2084028T3 (de)
GB (1) GB2230920B (de)
WO (1) WO1990013108A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5485523A (en) * 1992-03-17 1996-01-16 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Active noise reduction system for automobile compartment
FR2692709B1 (fr) * 1992-06-18 1994-09-16 Renault Dispositif de contrôle actif du bruit dans l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile.
DE69423531T2 (de) * 1993-02-02 2000-07-20 Honda Giken Kogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Schwingungs/Lärmverminderungsvorrichtung
US5660255A (en) * 1994-04-04 1997-08-26 Applied Power, Inc. Stiff actuator active vibration isolation system
DE19944985B4 (de) * 1999-09-20 2005-04-28 Siemens Ag Messverfahren zur Strommessung mit Rauschunterdrückung
US8302456B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2012-11-06 Asylum Research Corporation Active damping of high speed scanning probe microscope components

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5717027A (en) * 1980-07-03 1982-01-28 Hitachi Ltd Vibration reducing device of electric machinery
JPS58153313A (ja) * 1982-03-08 1983-09-12 Hitachi Ltd 低騒音静止誘導電器
GB2122052B (en) * 1982-06-09 1986-01-29 Plessey Co Plc Reducing noise or vibration
GB8525800D0 (en) * 1985-10-18 1985-11-20 Contranoise Ltd Transfer function generation
DE3786165T2 (de) * 1986-10-07 1993-10-14 Adaptive Control Ltd Aktive vibrationskontrolle.
JPH01159406A (ja) * 1987-12-15 1989-06-22 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd プロペラ音の能動消音方法及び装置
GB2222053B (en) * 1988-08-17 1993-03-31 Topexpress Ltd Signal processing means for sensing a periodic signal in the presence of another interfering periodic noise

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9013108A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2230920A (en) 1990-10-31
AU635266B2 (en) 1993-03-18
ES2084028T3 (es) 1996-05-01
JPH04505221A (ja) 1992-09-10
DE69025604T2 (de) 1996-10-24
DE69025604D1 (de) 1996-04-04
CA2049332C (en) 2000-08-01
AU5545690A (en) 1990-11-16
CA2049332A1 (en) 1990-10-26
GB2230920B (en) 1993-12-22
EP0470153B1 (de) 1996-02-28
WO1990013108A1 (en) 1990-11-01
GB8909433D0 (en) 1989-06-14

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